Chapters authored
BaTiO3:H Films as All-Solid-State Electrolytes for Integrated Electric Double-Layer Capacitors
In the electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), a large amount of electrical energy can be stored in the double layer by reversible accumulation of ions onto the active electrode material. In these devices, mobile charge carriers can accumulate (or deplete) near the electrode/electrolyte interface resulting in a space charge layer. So, the appropriate combination of space charge layer and large effective surface of the electrodes constitutes a significant factor to get high specific capacitance. Here, we incorporated protons in BaTiO3 films during a low-temperature deposition process. Drastic changes occurred on both chemical and electrical properties of the films when H2 was added to the sputtering gas. It is well known that protons are very mobile species even at low temperature. Therefore, upon the application of a sufficiently high electric field, positively charged protons move toward the cathode with an activation energy around 0.6 eV and pileup to form a capacitive double layer of several μF/cm2 which enhances the dielectric permittivity of the film.
Part of the book: Supercapacitor Design and Applications