Chapters authored
Non-viral siRNA and shRNA Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy
RNA interference represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the silencing of specific target genes in cancer therapy. Small interfering RNAs and DNA-based vectors encoding short hairpin RNAs provide sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene silencing by binding to its complementary RNA. For the therapeutic use of siRNA in cancer, efficient intracellular delivery is necessary. The efficient cancer therapy with RNAi is not still accomplished because of internalization and intracellular trafficking problems such as low transfection efficiency, enzyme degradation, inappropriate subcellular localization, and endosomal trapping of siRNAs in cells. Cancer is a complex disease including multiple genes and pathways. The most important benefits of siRNA therapy are high target specificity and non-toxicity compared with chemotherapy. The uptake of siRNA by cells without a carrier system is possible, but naked siRNA is mostly degraded with nucleases and activates the immune responses. Development of appropriate delivery systems is an important issue in the use of siRNA-based therapeutics. Non-viral delivery systems have great potential for safe and effective delivery of siRNA therapeutics to tumor cells. Nanocarriers such as nanoplexes, lipoplexes, nanoparticles, and liposomes have been commonly used for siRNA delivery. This chapter highlights the importance of non-viral delivery systems in vitro and in vivo cancer therapy.
Part of the book: RNA Interference