Gerd Bobe

By Thushanthi Perera, Yumie Takata and Gerd Bobe

Grain legume consumption has been linked in meta-analysis studies to decreased risk of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases; however, the evidence for a chemo-protective effect of grain legume consumption against colorectal tumorigenesis has been considered inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of human and animal studies to evaluate the effect of grain legume consumption on colorectal cancer (CRC) and its precursors. Twelve case-control studies (42,473 controls and 12,408 cases) and 11 prospective cohorts (1,533,527 participants including 12,274 cases) were included in the meta-analysis; the pooled risk ratio (95% confidence interval) for the highest versus the lowest legume intake group based on a random effects model was 0.72 (0.60–0.89) for incident adenoma, 0.91 (0.84–0.99) for prevalent adenoma, and 0.82 (0.74–0.91) for CRC. Fourteen animal studies (355 animals on grain legume diets and 253 animals on control diets) were included in the meta-analysis and showed in all but one study a chemo-preventive effect against colorectal tumorigenesis. Grain legumes contain various compounds (e.g., resistant starch, soluble fiber, insoluble fiber, phytosterols, saponins, phytates, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids) that have been shown to inhibit colorectal tumorigenesis in animal studies at concentrations that are relevant for human diets. Grain legume consumption alters several molecular pathways (e.g., p53, mTOR, NF-kB, Akt, and AMPK) that are critical for tumor induction, promotion, and progression. Based on our meta-analysis, daily grain legume consumption confers chemo-preventive effects against CRC.

Part of the book: Grain Legumes