Thangavel Mahalingam Vijayakumar

By I Jyothi, K Renuka Prasad, R Rajalakshmi, RC Satish Kumar, Talatam Ramphanindra, TM Vijayakumar and Ilango Kaliappan

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by complete cessation of upper airflow during sleep, leading to repetitive episodes of desaturations and arousals. The symptoms include excessive daytime somnolence and are associated with a significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of OSA is higher in men with an approximate rate of 14 and 5% in women respectively. Typical risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in the normal adult population are obesity, aging, gender, menopause, ethnicity, genetical predisposition, craniofacial anatomy, smoking, alcohol consumption and some other factors such as REM sleep, surface tension, and impaired sensory processing. Several screening questionnaires can be performed in outpatient settings to identify the patient symptoms. Polysomnography is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of OSA. Different surgical treatments and devices are readily available for an effective management of this disease. Proper diagnosis and treatment improves not only the quality of life but also relatively decreases patient morbidity and mortality. A multifaceted approach is necessary for an accurate management of the OSA.

Part of the book: Noninvasive Ventilation in Medicine

By Sarvesh Sabarathinam, Rajappan Chandra Satish Kumar and Thangavel Mahalingam Vijayakumar

People are more susceptible to a variety of diseases based on their lifestyle and occupational patterns. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a worldwide health issue that is linked to a variety of risk factors, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Herbal medicine has been used for a long time. Herbal medicines have emerged as a significant source and major focus for future drug development and human health care. Botanicals may be useful for treating or preventing metabolic syndrome because they often have a wide range of biologically active compounds that can work together to boost each other’s effectiveness or have a synergistic effect, giving more benefit than a single chemical substance. Some extracts of botanicals frequently contain natural active components that act on multiple biological targets, creating an opportunity to concurrently resolve multiple defects associated with metabolic syndrome. To find out if botanicals can be used to treat metabolic syndrome as a group, trials must be stratified to look at differences in disease severity, age, gender, and genetic variation in the sample populations.

Part of the book: Lifestyle-Related Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome