\r\n\tWith a history of over 50 years since their introduction into therapy and formulation of medicinal products, hydrogels remain a challenge for researchers in the field. \r\n\tVersatile, with high-water content, tunable properties, and mild processing conditions, hydrogels advanced from simple chemically or physically crosslinked networks to complex double network composites or even more sophisticated new developments as shape memory and self-healing hydrogels. \r\n\tIncreasing knowledge in hybrid or composite hydrogel materials, controlled release of sensitive drugs, or several drugs from the same hydrogel matrix could be achieved. Parallel to targeted efforts aimed to maintain drug micro- or nanoparticle’s distinct three-dimensional structure, synergistic hybrid materials with more than one type of polymer was developed.
\r\n
\r\n\tBut one of the most challenging tasks remains further and continues to improve the clinical translation of these innovative hydrogels. That is what this book intends to provide the reader: a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art, recent advances, new perspectives, and applications of the hydrogels as valuable platforms for targeted delivery. Driven by the need to ensure proper patient compliance, ease of administration, along with the possibility to modulate release and degradation profiles after administration, numerous non-topical hydrogel formulations had been reported. Smart and supramolecular hydrogels, stimuli-reactive materials, that quickly respond in mild conditions, represent today an attractive approach for minimally invasive treatments.
\r\n
\r\n\tThe book will also represent an invitation to discover “new” off-the-shelf hydrogels with highly tunable properties, with low complexity of formulation (environmentally friendly processing), but with adequate features to fulfill clinical requirements and provide desired delivery platforms for therapy.
",isbn:"978-1-80355-583-6",printIsbn:"978-1-80355-582-9",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80355-584-3",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"f1653eced91a8da966139960c059516c",bookSignature:"Prof. Lacramioara Popa, Prof. Mihaela Violeta Ghica and Prof. Cristina Dinu-Pirvu",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11130.jpg",keywords:"Regenerative, Tissue, Environment, Biomimetic, Formulation, Characterization, Cells, Controlled, Biomedical, Characterization, Chitosan, Collagen",numberOfDownloads:322,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:2,numberOfTotalCitations:2,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"September 23rd 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"December 3rd 2021",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"February 1st 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"April 22nd 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"June 21st 2022",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"8 months",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"A pioneering researcher in response surface methodology applied to drug systems design and optimization. Professor POPA LĂCRĂMIOARA (h-index 14) received her Ph.D. in Pharmacy (2000). She has over 28 years of experience in physical pharmacy: Quality by Design (QbD) in the development, analysis, and optimization of pharmaceutical systems; characterization of the raw materials surfaces and pharmaceutical systems; polymeric materials with biomedical applications.",coeditorOneBiosketch:"A pioneering researcher in Taguchi's approach for the development and optimization of biomaterial-based drug delivery systems. Professor Mihaela Violeta Ghica (h-index 16) has over 19 years ‘experience in physical pharmacy: modern methods of experimental statistical design in the development of drug delivery systems and technological processes optimization; biomaterials for tissue regeneration: obtaining, physical-chemical, biopharmaceutical, structural and morphological characterization.",coeditorTwoBiosketch:"A pioneering researcher in nanostructures formulation in pharmaceutical sciences. Professor Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu (h-index 15) is a member of the Romanian National Council for the Attestation of University Titles, Diplomas, and Certificates–Commission Pharmacy. She has over 28 years of experience in physical pharmacy: development of smart, efficient, and safe biocompatible materials; development of bio- and nanostructures for diagnostic and therapy.",coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"228211",title:"Prof.",name:"Lacramioara",middleName:null,surname:"Popa",slug:"lacramioara-popa",fullName:"Lacramioara Popa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/228211/images/system/228211.jpeg",biography:"Professor POPA LĂCRĂMIOARA received her PhD in Pharmacy (2000). She is head of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Bucharest, Romania and President of the Ethics and Quality Assurance Commission from the same faculty. She is PhD supervisor (Habilitation thesis, 2014). Professor Popa Lăcrămioara graduated several courses in Intellectual Property (WIPO Academy, Geneva). She has over 28 years’ experience in physical pharmacy: Quality by Design (QbD) in the development, analysis, and optimization of pharmaceutical systems; characterization of the raw materials surfaces and pharmaceutical systems; polymeric materials with biomedical applications. H-index=14.",institutionString:"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}}],coeditorOne:{id:"56579",title:"Prof.",name:"Mihaela Violeta",middleName:null,surname:"Ghica",slug:"mihaela-violeta-ghica",fullName:"Mihaela Violeta Ghica",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/56579/images/system/56579.png",biography:"Professor GHICA MIHAELA VIOLETA received her PhD in Pharmacy (2008).\nShe is professor at Physical and Colloidal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. She holds a Master’s degree in Physical Chemistry and Applied Radiochemistry at the Faculty of Chemistry from University of Bucharest.\nShe has over 17 years of experience in: design, development, physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical evaluation of drug delivery systems with conventional/modified/ controlled/targeted release for topical application; use of statistic experimental design techniques combined with response surface methodology and Taguchi approach for the optimization of the pharmaceutical systems formulation and some technological processes; valorisation of the biopharmacological potential of the medicinal and aromatic plants. Professor Mihaela Violeta Ghica was project director and partner responsible for some national and international projects. H-index=11.",institutionString:"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},coeditorTwo:{id:"193810",title:"Prof.",name:"Cristina",middleName:null,surname:"Dinu-Pirvu",slug:"cristina-dinu-pirvu",fullName:"Cristina Dinu-Pirvu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/193810/images/system/193810.png",biography:"Professor DINU-PÎRVU CRISTINA-ELENA received her PhD in Pharmacy (2004).\nShe is professor at Department of Physical and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. She holds a Master’s degree in Biotechnologies in Environmental Safety at the Faculty of Biotechnologies, from University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest. She is PhD supervisor (Habilitation thesis, 2015) and Vice-Dean - responsible with scientific activity.\nShe has over 25 years of experience in: design, development, physico-chemical investigation and quality control of pharmaceutical dosage forms/multiparticulates micro-/nano-encapsulated; potential valorization of medicinal/aromatic plants from spontaneous flora.\nProfessor Dinu-Pîrvu Cristina-Elena is project director and partner responsible for some national projects. She obtained a postdoctoral fellowship within Postdoctoral School of National Interest 'Applied biotechnologies” with impact in the Romanian Bio-economy” at Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania. H-index=11.",institutionString:"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"14",title:"Materials Science",slug:"materials-science"}],chapters:[{id:"82882",title:"Promising Hydrogels-Based Dressings for Optimal Treatment of Cutaneous Lesions",slug:"promising-hydrogels-based-dressings-for-optimal-treatment-of-cutaneous-lesions",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"81025",title:"Sustained Drug Release from Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels and Hydrogel Coatings",slug:"sustained-drug-release-from-biopolymer-based-hydrogels-and-hydrogel-coatings",totalDownloads:45,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"81355",title:"Smart Polymer Hydrogels as Matrices for the Controlled Release Applications in Agriculture Sector",slug:"smart-polymer-hydrogels-as-matrices-for-the-controlled-release-applications-in-agriculture-sector",totalDownloads:53,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"80823",title:"Hydrogel Biomaterials for Drug Delivery: Mechanisms, Design, and Drugs",slug:"hydrogel-biomaterials-for-drug-delivery-mechanisms-design-and-drugs",totalDownloads:40,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"81655",title:"Hydrogels: Smart Materials in Drug Delivery",slug:"hydrogels-smart-materials-in-drug-delivery",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"80520",title:"Hybrid Hydrogels with Stimuli-Responsive Properties to Electric and Magnetic Fields",slug:"hybrid-hydrogels-with-stimuli-responsive-properties-to-electric-and-magnetic-fields",totalDownloads:59,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"79971",title:"Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Hydrogel Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering",slug:"mesenchymal-stem-stromal-cells-and-hydrogel-scaffolds-for-tissue-engineering",totalDownloads:105,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"429339",firstName:"Jelena",lastName:"Vrdoljak",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/429339/images/20012_n.jpg",email:"jelena.v@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager, my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8353",title:"Hydrogels",subtitle:"Smart Materials for Biomedical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4f87a0823e286477e58c1da8b6cd174c",slug:"hydrogels-smart-materials-for-biomedical-applications",bookSignature:"Lăcrămioara Popa, Mihaela Violeta Ghica and Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8353.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"228211",title:"Prof.",name:"Lacramioara",surname:"Popa",slug:"lacramioara-popa",fullName:"Lacramioara Popa"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6320",title:"Advances in Glass Science and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6d0a32a0cf9806bccd04101a8b6e1b95",slug:"advances-in-glass-science-and-technology",bookSignature:"Vincenzo M. Sglavo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6320.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"17426",title:"Prof.",name:"Vincenzo Maria",surname:"Sglavo",slug:"vincenzo-maria-sglavo",fullName:"Vincenzo Maria Sglavo"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6517",title:"Emerging Solar Energy Materials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"186936bb201bb186fb04b095aa39d9b8",slug:"emerging-solar-energy-materials",bookSignature:"Sadia Ameen, M. Shaheer Akhtar and Hyung-Shik Shin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6517.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"52613",title:"Dr.",name:"Sadia",surname:"Ameen",slug:"sadia-ameen",fullName:"Sadia Ameen"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6188",title:"Solidification",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0405c42586170a1def7a4b011c5f2b60",slug:"solidification",bookSignature:"Alicia Esther Ares",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6188.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"91095",title:"Dr.",name:"Alicia Esther",surname:"Ares",slug:"alicia-esther-ares",fullName:"Alicia Esther Ares"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9393",title:"Engineering Steels and High Entropy-Alloys",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d33466a3272f97353a6bf6d76d7512a5",slug:"engineering-steels-and-high-entropy-alloys",bookSignature:"Ashutosh Sharma, Zoia Duriagina, Sanjeev Kumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9393.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"145236",title:"Dr.",name:"Ashutosh",surname:"Sharma",slug:"ashutosh-sharma",fullName:"Ashutosh Sharma"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6802",title:"Graphene Oxide",subtitle:"Applications and Opportunities",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"075b313e11be74c55a1f66be5dd56b40",slug:"graphene-oxide-applications-and-opportunities",bookSignature:"Ganesh Kamble",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6802.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"236420",title:"Dr.",name:"Ganesh",surname:"Kamble",slug:"ganesh-kamble",fullName:"Ganesh Kamble"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6656",title:"Phase Change Materials and Their Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9b257f8386280bdde4633d36124787f2",slug:"phase-change-materials-and-their-applications",bookSignature:"Mohsen Mhadhbi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6656.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"228366",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohsen",surname:"Mhadhbi",slug:"mohsen-mhadhbi",fullName:"Mohsen Mhadhbi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6805",title:"Electrical and Electronic Properties of Materials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f6b6930e7ae9d0704f68b5c180526309",slug:"electrical-and-electronic-properties-of-materials",bookSignature:"Md. Kawsar Alam",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6805.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"199691",title:"Dr.",name:"Md. Kawsar",surname:"Alam",slug:"md.-kawsar-alam",fullName:"Md. Kawsar Alam"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8417",title:"Recent Advances in Boron-Containing Materials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3737be3f785ef9d8b318571ab474f407",slug:"recent-advances-in-boron-containing-materials",bookSignature:"Metin Aydin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8417.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"27070",title:"Prof.",name:"Metin",surname:"Aydin",slug:"metin-aydin",fullName:"Metin Aydin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8812",title:"Contemporary Topics about Phosphorus in Biology and Materials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"86c427901f631db034a54b22dd765d6a",slug:"contemporary-topics-about-phosphorus-in-biology-and-materials",bookSignature:"David G. Churchill, Maja Dutour Sikirić, Božana Čolović and Helga Füredi Milhofer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8812.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"219335",title:"Dr.",name:"David",surname:"Churchill",slug:"david-churchill",fullName:"David Churchill"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"53840",title:"Grape Seed Nutraceuticals for Disease Prevention: Current Status and Future Prospects",doi:"10.5772/66894",slug:"grape-seed-nutraceuticals-for-disease-prevention-current-status-and-future-prospects",body:'\n
1. Introduction
\n
Grape (Vitis spp.) is one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide [1]. Grapevine has a rich diversity, as reflected by global variations between wines from different continents or adjacent vineyards. These differences can be attributed to geographical locations, diversity in climate conditions, or by human interventions arising from breeding and other vineyard management practices. Grapes are consumed fresh as table fruits or raisins and can be processed into wine, jam, jelly, grape seed oil, vinegar, grape seed extracts (GSE) and other products [1, 2]. The quality of grape products depends on a wide range of factors such as variety, environmental conditions, viticultural practices and, more importantly, chemical properties of their secondary metabolites [1]. Secondary metabolites found in grape seeds include phytochemicals such as flavonoids, which are a group of natural polyphenols derived from phenylpropanoid pathway [2]. The stability of secondary metabolites may be impacted by external factors, such as environmental conditions (pH, light, temperature, etc.), due to the nature of physiological functions in growth and development of grapevines [3, 4]. Grape seeds contain phytochemicals such as alkaloids, terpenes, volatile oils, resins, glycosides, tannins, sterols, saponins, and phenolics. These polyphenols have important applications in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, and cosmetic industries [1, 5, 6]. More importantly, phenolic compounds are key determinants of wine quality such as aroma, color, and taste and are collectively referred to as organoleptic characteristics of grape products [7, 8]. For example, the quality of grape products is characterized by polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids and anthocyanins. These natural molecules are generated through specific biosynthetic pathways in grapes.
\n
Flavonoids are primarily located in the epidermal layer of berry skin and seeds in grapes [9]. They have biological attributes such as cytotoxicity and antioxidants, and their biochemical properties play important functions in the defense against biotic and abiotic stresses in grapevines [10, 11]. These phenolic-rich compounds are potential nutraceuticals with biological properties for treatment and/or prevention of various human diseases, whereby they can be used as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents. Application of nutraceuticals from grape seeds in human health is not new, because wine has been used for medicinal purposes since the medieval period. However, it has reemerged as an important field of human medicine and human nutrition in the past few years [12]. For instance, ethanol in “alcoholic” beverages has potential application in human health due to its properties in inhibition of platelet aggregation, eicosanoid biosynthesis, and an antioxidant for free radicals [13]. Hence, it is important to analyze and characterize grape seed products for biochemical composition, biological activity, and bioavailability of phytochemicals and investigate their correlation to human health.
\n
2. History and establishment of grapes in North America for food and wine industries
\n
Domesticated crops appeared after the Neolithic period (4000–1000 BC) and included grape varieties that were selected for wine production, because they were easier to propagate and had higher proportion of flesh compared to seeds. Wine production from grape has been part of human culture for nearly 6000 years, with the earliest evidence dating back to between 7000 and 5000 BC. Wine produced from grapes was used in dietary applications, medicine, and socioreligious activities. The earliest known winemaking facility, or at least its development, was considered to be in the Caucasus Mountains (4100–4000 BC), near the village of Areni in Southern Armenia. The region is considered as the origin of domesticated wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) [13]. However, the transfer of winemaking knowledge and technology has been somewhat linear, as it moved from Western Asia to Eastern Mediterranean region such as Egypt, Greece, and Southern Italy, before reaching the rest of Europe c.a. 2000 years ago. Today, for instance, wine grape is produced in every continent worldwide, and its chemical composition is profoundly influenced by factors such as improved enological techniques, region-specific grape cultivars, and local climatic conditions [13, 14]. The development of grape production and winemaking methods has been parallel to the overall technological advances, which came after Western civilization. There has been tremendous progress made in grape production, especially with respect to vine cultivation, vinification equipment, and winemaking practices such as fermentation, as compared with those used during the Neolithic era, including contemporary Egypt, ancient Greece, Western Asia, Ancient Israel, or the Roman Empire. These techniques plateaued around 200–400 AD and was followed by a period of between 1200 and 1400 years when the progress of wine technology slowed down and was generally restricted to monastic religious orders of Western Europe [15]. Wine production methods increased during the eighteenth century, and the phenomenon was likely due to positive changes in trade relations in Europe, which led to increased demand for vintage and age-worthy wines associated with higher quality [15].
\n
Wine production began to expand during the seventeenth century, whereby North Americans became latecomers to join the viticulture industry after the arrival of the first European settlers. This was catapulted in part by the quest of the British government to produce its own wine in North America instead of France. The Franciscan missionaries planted the first large-scale vineyards in California c.a. 200 years ago and reestablished them shortly after the repeal of prohibition [16]. However, the “Great French Wine Blight” that originated from California vineyards in the 1850s almost wiped out the European grape production. Grape phylloxera, Phylloxera vitifoliae, was transported to Europe on infected California rootstocks, and the pandemic almost wiped out c.a. 2.5 million acres of vineyards in France alone. The tide turned around when vineyards in Europe were replanted with V. vinifera grafted on Phylloxera-resistant rootstocks, V. labrusca, a fox grape species native to the eastern North America [13].
\n
With the rapid advancement of science, it was only natural that research on grapes with focus on value addition became such a huge subject worldwide. This led to increased demand for improved quality attributes such as wine color, flavor, and chemical composition of phenolic compounds as well as the growth of wine and grape associated-food industries. High demand for vintage and/or age-worthy wines led to increased research in wine and other grape products. The high demand for quality was driven by the fact that wine became an integral part of human lifestyle from various cultural backgrounds worldwide. For example, wine- and grape-related products were used during social events in many countries, whereas in a few other places, these products were used for either religious practices or medicinal purposes.
\n
3. Grape seed polyphenols and their benefits to human health
\n
Grape seeds contain polyphenol-rich phytochemicals such as proanthocyanidins (oligomeric flavonoids), flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin), and anthocyanins. They also contain non-flavonoids such as hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric, cinnamic, caffeic, gentisic, ferulic, and vanillic acids) and hydroxybenzoic acids: trihydroxy stilbenes (resveratrol and polydatin) as well as vitamin E [12, 13, 17–19]. These secondary metabolites are responsible for blue, purple, and red colors in many plant tissues. Also, grape seeds are rich in proanthocyanidins, which are oligomeric anthocyanins [20, 21], and a few monomeric flavonoids. Previous studies indicated that these extracts could be used as supplements [22]. The polyphenols from grape seeds are potent antioxidants (Figure 1) that can protect the body from wide range of health conditions such as premature aging, numerous diseases, and decay [23]. During winemaking process, polyphenols from grape seeds can also infiltrate into wine products. Therefore, moderate wine consumption has been associated with reduced mortality from coronary heart disease, because it increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol content and, as a result, inhibits platelet aggregation [13]. The antioxidant effects of red wine and its major polyphenols have been demonstrated in many experimental systems spanning from in vitro studies (human low-density lipoprotein, liposomes, macrophages, cultured cells) toin vivo involving animal models as well as healthy human subjects [13].
Figure 1.
Muscadine grape seeds and their beneficial effects to human health.
\n
4. Chemical composition
\n
Research in the chemical composition of grape and wine has advanced greatly in the past 30–40 years. Currently, more than 500 compounds have been identified from wine, out of which 160 of these phytochemicals are esters. Each individual compound may be either insignificant or has no role in human organoleptic (taste) perception, but collectively contribute to wine taste [13]. In grape seeds, the primary compounds such as water, ethanol, organic acids, sugars, and glycerol are present at high concentrations (>100 mg/L), and the rest are polyphenols. These polyphenols are particularly large and complex group of compounds, which are key determinants of quality of red wines. The identification of phenolic compounds in grapes and wine began in the late nineteenth century [15]. Previous studies indicated that grapes contain phytochemicals with antioxidant properties [16, 23].
\n
Chemically, polyphenols are cyclic benzene compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups associated directly with the hydroxy-substituted benzene ring structure such as catechins, resveratrol, cyanidin (Figure 2), and proanthocyanidins, which are oligomers of resveratrol, catechin, and epicatechin.
Figure 2.
Structures of common healthy compounds found in grape seeds: (A) catechins, (B) resveratrol, and (C) cyanidin.
\n
The two primary groups of polyphenols that occur in grape seeds and wine are flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Flavonoids have been characterized as molecules possessing two phenols, which are joined by a pyran (oxygen containing) carbon ring structure. They have a distinct C6-C3-C3 three-ring structure. The most common flavonoids in wine are flavanols (flavan-3-ols), which are the building block of grape tannins; whereas anthocyanins are predominantly present in red wines. Flavan-3-ol monomers (catechin) are responsible for the bitterness in wine and are associated with astringency in wine. The major flavan-3-ol monomers found in grapes and wine include (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate [24]. Flavonoids are primarily from the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. Grape tannins, which are polymers of flavanols, are also known as condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins contribute to the complexity of wine taste and mouthfeel. Flavanol monomers and oligomers (links of two to four monomers) contribute to the bitterness, and their polymers contribute to astringency in wine. There are five anthocyanidins (cyanidin, peonidin, delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin) in grapes. Anthocyanin with sugar bound to the anthocyanidin moiety may be acylated (acid linked to the sixth position of the sugar) such as acetic, coumaric, and caffeic acids. Flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin) are present in grape seeds and wine and are esterified to sugars to form glycosides. Flavonols are important cofactors for color enhancement. They also act as a natural sunscreen in the skin of grape berries.
\n
Non-flavonoids have either C1-C6 or C3-C6 structures, meaning that either one carbon or three carbons are attached to the primary benzene ring (six carbons). The majority of the non-flavonoids found in grapes are phenolic acids: hydroxycinnamic acids or hydroxycinnamates (esterified with tartaric acid: caftaric acid, coutaric acid, and fertaric acid), hydroxybenzoic acids (gallic acid, a hydrolysis product from grape or oak tannins), and stilbenes (resveratrol and piceid). They are predominantly present in pulp of grapes and are the major phenolic compounds in white wine [15]. Previous studies indicated that non-flavonoids are produced in the grape berry before veràison [25]. Polymerization of polyhydroxy flavan-3-ol units, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, and their gallate esters produces oligomers and polymers called proanthocyanidins. Resveratrol is mainly found in the grape skin, whereas proanthocyanidins are found in the seeds [26]. Previous studies indicated that these compounds are high in seed material [27] and are produced before veràison and change during fruit ripening [15]. Tannins on grapes protect wine against oxidation, stabilize wine color, and enhance mouthfeel [13]. Proanthocyanidins are members of a class of compounds described as anthocyanogens, leucoanthocyanidins, flavan-3,4-diols, condensed tannins, and tannins [15]. Proanthocyanidins are polymers of flavan-3-ol subunits, meaning that they have a wide range of molecular weight. These phenolic compounds mainly impact the astringency in red wines, and they have been extracted from the skin, seeds, and stems of the grape berry. Recent studies demonstrated that proanthocyanidins (flavonoids) are some of the major compounds present in grapes and wines.
\n
Flavonoids are a class of secondary plant phenolics with significant antioxidant and chelating properties. For example, their cardioprotective characteristics stem from their inhibition of lipid peroxidation, chelation of redox-active metals, and attenuation of reactive oxygen species [28]. Primarily flavonoids occur in food polymers that are degraded to variable extents in the digestive tract. Although metabolism of these compounds has remained elusive, it has been established that their enteric absorption is correlated to reduction in reactive oxidative species in blood plasma [28]. The propensity of flavonoids to inhibit free radical activities is mediated by their chemical structure. However, their physical properties such as flavan nucleus, number, positions, and types of substitutions are considered to play a major role in their radical scavenging and chelating activity [28].
\n
Structures of common anthocyanins were identified from V. vinifera and were determined wine in 1959. It was noted that malvidin-3-O-glucoside was a major grape anthocyanin and was present along with its acylated forms [15]. Similarly, it was noted that anthocyanins from V. vinifera showed different structural compositions to those isolated from non-vinifera species, because they were exclusively monoglucosides and those in non-vinifera species were present as 3,5-diglucosides [15]. Because of the unique hue manifestation of both grape and wine phenolics, several studies have been performed on anthocyanins as compared to other compounds [15]. These studies have focused on understanding the changes in anthocyanidins in respect to berry development [29], potential impact of cultural practices on production [30], and techniques for their extraction from wine and/or grape seed extracts [31].
\n
5. Biological activities
\n
Grape seed products are nutraceutical agents commonly consumed as a health/dietary supplement or are sold as nutrition supplements (100–500 mg). Grape seeds are rich sources of catechins and procyanidins, which are present in red wine and grape juice. Previous studies indicated that these compounds have shown potent antioxidant activities [32–34] and scavenging activity against free radicals [35–38]. The antioxidant capacity of grape seed extracts is considered to perform better compared with vitamins C and E [39]. It was reported that procyanidins inhibited platelet aggregation [40] and had also successfully inhibited the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as well as contributed to reduction in risks of heart disease associated with atherosclerosis [41]. In addition, procyanidins performed very well as anti-inflammatory [42, 43], antimutagens [44], anticancer [45–47], and antiviral [48] agents.
\n
Grape seed extracts are potential antimicrobial for disease control [49] and can be used in food preservatives to ensure food safety [50]. Currently, there has been growing interest on the use of natural antibacterial compounds, such as herbal-based extracts for the preservation of foods, because they possess a unique characteristic flavor and have shown antioxidant and antimicrobial activities [51]. In general, grape seed extracts can be used as antibiotics, antidiarrhea, antiulcer, and anti-inflammatory agents [52, 53]. For example, the mechanism behind their antiulcer is considered to be due to their ability to protect the stomach wall from injuries caused by free radicals as well as the ability of procyanidins to bind other protein targets [53]. Flavonoids have shown success as antiulcer agents, because their suppressive effect depends on the presence of procyanidin oligomers. Previous studies indicated that procyanidins such as catechin oligomers significantly reduced gastric mucosal damage [53]. Furthermore, the binding ability of procyanidin oligomers to bind bovine serum albumin got strengthened in acidified solution. Thus, understanding the biosynthesis of these phenolic compounds may be important to efficiently manage their production as well as insure their bioavailability after wine production. However, it is important to further explore the in vivo potential activities of these secondary metabolites from grape seed extract, to determine their potential pharmacological applications in human medicine.
\n
6. Health benefits
\n
Grape seed extracts have potential to be used as nutraceuticals [46, 54]. For instance, red wine constitutes a reliable and rich source of biologically active phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids and polyphenols, whose individual and summated actions are believed to confer health benefits in humans. Epidemiologic studies revealed that individuals with the habit of daily moderate wine consumption can experience significant reductions in ill-health conditions, including those leading to cardiovascular mortality as compared with individuals who either abstain from drinking or consume excess alcohol [55]. Moderate consumption of wine, for example, was implicated in reduced atherosclerosis cardiovascular heart disease in the French population [56]. Heart disease is lower among the French (who have a relatively high red wine intake) as compared with other Europeans, despite their propensity to consume foods known to be rich in cholesterol, which was referred to as the “French paradox” due to their low incidence of coronary heart disease. Previous studies determined that drinking one to two glasses of wine a day can help protect against heart disease. In addition, phenolics in grapes and red wines have been demonstrated to inhibit oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in vitro [57]. Hence, researchers are working toward understanding both molecular and nutritional basis for these anecdotal observations. Although the benefits of polyphenols from fruits and vegetables is gaining ground on how they are making significant contribution to human health, but consensus toward increasing the rate of wine consumption is developing quite slowly [55]. This could be due to the negative perception that a huge segment of the society has toward alcohol consumption.
\n
Recently, plant polyphenols have generated increased attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and ability to prevent various diseases associated with oxidative stress [58]. This led to identification and development of phenolic compounds or extracts from different plants with health and related medical applications in the past few years. Medicinal and nutritional values of grapes have been known to exist for thousands of years. For example, several ancient Greek philosophers exalted the healing power of wine from grapes, and in places, such as Ancient Egypt, wine was mythologically considered as “The Gift of Osiris.” They also used wine as a solvent for other medicinal products and in combination with other medicines (“polypharmacy”), and wine has been used in prescriptions dating back to between 3400 and 2550 BC [59]. More importantly, wine was at the core of Mediterranean civilization and was the basis of vast seaborne trade that contributed to the spread of Greek civilization beginning the sixth century, including western Asia Minor, southern Italy, Sicily, North Africa, southern France, and Spain [59]. Wine was held in high esteem by the Persians because of its fame as a cure, which was epitomized by the oldest desert proverb: “He that has health has hope; and he that has hope, has everything.” Through the medieval period, the conversion of grapes into wine was considered as a gift from the gods, and the best wines were mainly preserved for ruling elite of the society, although the latter may have been associated with the high cost of wine. In addition, wine was used for medicinal purposes during the medieval period in areas such as ancient India in 2000 BC, ancient China in the past 5000 years, and ancient Rome after 146 BC as well as during the era of Biblical Jewish and Arabic period [59]. The rich history of wine provides an insight of its benefit to human health for several years. It is, therefore, the reason why modern science continues to explore benefits of grape seeds as nutraceuticals with the potential to revolutionize modern human medicine.
\n
To date, various parts of grape are known to confer therapeutic benefits in humans. For example, grape leaves can be used to alleviate wound bleeding, inflammation, muscle pain, and diarrhea; whereas unripe grapefruits are recommended for the treatment of sore throat. Raisins (dried grape fruits) can be used to provide relief against constipation and are recommended for treatment of human diseases, including anemia in pregnant women. In addition, ripe and sweet grapes can be used for treatment of diseases such as cancer, cholera, smallpox, nausea, and eye infections as well as can provide relief against skin, kidney, and liver disorders [23]. Grape extracts are rich in bioflavonoids (procyanidins) and are some of the most commonly consumed dietary supplements in the United States due to their potential health benefits. Previous studies indicated that grape extracts are beneficial to human health, because they have showed some efficacy against several diseases such as prostate carcinoma, which causes prostate cancer in men; cardiovascular-related conditions such as hypertension; vascular fragility; and other health conditions such as allergies, hypercholesterolemia, LDL-cholesterol oxidation, and platelet aggregation disorder [60–63]. Other studies have showed that grape extracts can be used as therapeutic agents against diabetic cardiomyopathy [64].
\n
Phenolic compounds such as catechin, quercetin, and resveratrol been known to promote the production of nitric oxide by vascular endothelium cells and, as a result, inhibit biosynthesis of thromboxane in platelets and leukotriene in neutrophils demonstrated to modulate biosynthesis and secretion of lipoproteins in animal models and human cell lines, and arrest tumorigenesis and subsequent carcinogenesis [13]. However, lack of statistical correlation between wine consumption and lower rates of atherosclerosis has made it difficult to resolve the key question of whether moderate consumption may likely lead to decreased atherosclerotic mortality [55]. However, some studies have suggested that there is a relationship between wine consumption and atherosclerotic mortality, which may likely be associated with its direct effect on lipoprotein metabolism.
\n
Moderate ethanol intake is not generally contraindicated in diabetes, although diabetic patients have showed high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [65], initiated from oxidative damage of glycosylated proteins and lipids [66–68]. Thus, diabetics as well as nondiabetics are likely to benefit from moderate ethanol intake, because it can help ameliorate risk factors associated with atherosclerotic heart disease that arise from lipoprotein metabolism. Although little information is available on the effects of polyphenols in wine and related grape seed products on diabetics, there may be confounding lifestyle variables associated with spontaneous wine consumption, such as reduced smoking, increased exercise frequency, and better dietary habits that mimic general recommendations given to diabetic patients [55].
\n
7. Bioavailability
\n
Some flavonoids found in wine, such as tannins, are in the form of polymers that may not readily break down under physiological conditions and may not be expected to be available for absorption [69]. Conversely, for non-tannin flavonoids in red wine, about half are present as glycosides, and the rest are present as aglycones (glycosyl group replaced by hydrogen). It has been shown that flavan-3-ols, flavonols, anthocyanins, and non-flavonoid stilbenes, which are present in red wine and related grape products, can be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract [55]. Previous studies reported that anthocyanin pigments, which are responsible for the red color of wine, were found in human urine [70] and human plasma [71] after wine consumption. Most glycosides that pass into the large intestine generally end up being hydrolyzed by fecal microflora, rendering them as free aglycones, which leads to their poor absorption in the small intestines. Resveratrol, a non-flavonoid trihydroxystilbene, which is a relatively minor component of red wine [72], is present at insignificant low levels in white wines [55, 73]. However, long-term wine consumption can increase tissue-specific resveratrol concentrations in the body [74].
\n
Flavonoids can travel in the body while bound to plasma proteins [75, 76]. The metabolism of flavonoid glycosides to aglycones and specific glucuronides occurs in the intestinal tissue, which depends on the structure of the flavonoid [77]. The metabolism of esterified flavonoids to aglycones leads to increased lack of absorption in the small intestine. However, conjugated derivatives of quercetin have retained partial antioxidant activity, and it has been demonstrated that different combinations of these conjugates have potential additive effects [78]. Phenolic acids and polyphenols possess multiple hydroxyl groups and are subject to further metabolism by enzymes in the intestine, liver, and kidney [79, 80]. However, the main drawback is that other important nutraceuticals may not be fully absorbed in the human body. Besides, bioavailability under in vivo conditions needs to be resolved as well as their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract in order to keep them at sustainable pharmacokinetic levels in the blood system.
\n
8. Safety concerns for application of grape seed products from American native grapes in foods and cosmetics
\n
Today, consumer demand for health supplements as well as personal care products with natural and/or organic ingredients is promising. Consumption of a large amount of grapes and related products, such as wine, has contributed to the low risk of chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease and certain cancers [81]. Grape seed extract, which is primarily a mixture of proanthocyanidins, has been shown to modulate a wide range of biological, pharmacological, and toxicological effects as well as cytoprotective functions. Previous studies investigated the ability of IH636 from grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) for the prevention of acetaminophen (AAP)-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone (AMI)-induced lung toxicity, and doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in mice [82]. However, there are safety concerns on the use of these natural products in humans.
\n
Probably one of the best-known properties of polyphenolic compounds, which may also be of safety concern, is their binding and precipitation of protein targets [52]. Most polyphenols have the capacity to bind proteins because of their high affinity for hydroxylation, that is, introduction of hydroxyl groups on other essential biological compounds. Conversely, low-molecular-weight phenols lack the ability to precipitate proteins, unless their oligomeric composition has at least three flavonol subunits, which may mainly be found on highly polymerized tannin molecules. Tannin-protein complexes arise from interactions between hydrogen molecules and hydrophobic moieties without the participation of their respective covalent or ionic bonds [52]. The safety of plant products may vary due to several factors such as geographical origin, growth conditions, and other production processes [83]. It is therefore important to conduct studies to characterize these phytochemicals from plant-based products, in order to investigate whether they are safe for use by humans.
\n
To date, there are no conclusive studies on contraindication of grape products for either treatment or prevention of human diseases as well as their use in cosmetics. However, recent studies suggest that grape seed products may be safe for treatment of important human diseases. For example, in one particular study which involved the administration of grape seed extract (GSE) as a dietary admixture at levels of 0.02, 0.2, and 2% (w/w) to rats for 90 days, it was demonstrated that GSE showed no toxicity. Results indicated lack of toxicity, which supported the use of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extracts [22]. Similarly, in a different study that the administration of GSE IH636 to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats in the feed at levels of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% for 90 days, it was reported there were no significant toxicological effects [84]. Besides, Wren and colleagues found no significant changes in clinical signs, hematological parameters, organ weights, ophthalmology evaluations, or histopathology, and identical results were reported from a different study that was conducted on IGS BR rats, which were fed with dietary supplements of GSE at concentrations of 0, 0.63, 1.25, or 2.5% (w/w), which found lack of adverse effects on mouse models [85].
\n
These studies pointed to lack of toxicity and supported the use of proanthocyanidin-rich extracts from grape seeds, except for personal care products, in which there has been some evidence for minimal side effects on the skin surface such as irritation, sensitization, phototoxicity, and immediate-type allergy [86].
\n
9. Conclusions and future remarks
\n
Phenolic compounds found in grape seeds have desirable biological activities, which are related to their antioxidant properties. These compounds have the ability to scavange for free radicals and inhibit non-desirable enzymatic activities, including the modulation of essential biosynthetic pathways for the metabolism of cellular and extracellular products such as membrane proteins and lipids. Moderate consumption of red wine, for example, can lead to increased plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol and decreased adhesion of platelets, which may be beneficial to treating platelet aggregration in humans. Biosynthesis of pro-aggregatory eicosanoids such as thromboxane A2 and synthesis of leukocytes by pro-inflammatory leukotrienes to inhibit the formation of atherosclerosis can reduce the risk of coronary arterial disease by promoting the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle [16, 87]. In addition, some polyphenols are capable of promoting the synthesis of prostacyclin (prostaglandin member of eicosanoids) and nitric oxide, which can lead to optimized blood flow through the arterial system [13].
\n
Use of nutraceuticals from grape seeds for the mitigation of grape diseases for which biomarkers are known have not been validated. Although nutraceuticals have shown a great promise in the treatment and/or prevention of human diseases, consensus on their wide acceptance as alternative therapeutic agents is developing very slowly. Previous studies demonstrated that nutraceuticals found in grape seeds likely have the ability to modulate cellular metabolism and signaling, which is consistent with reduced coronary arterial disease [16, 87]. However, additional research is needed to address crucial important issues such as the mechanisms by which phytochemicals in grape seeds can be used as nutraceuticals, develop biomarkers for their role in disease prevention, and determine the appropriate dosage for their application in human health medicine.
\n
There are still several gaps that need to be addressed. First, there should be a broad framework for research to understand the mechanism by which polyphenols from grape seed products confer dietary health benefits to humans. Second, additional clinical studies are needed to determine their pharmacokinetic properties in human disease prevention. Third, appropriate biomarkers or mechanistic end points should be developed to determine the interactions between diseases and polyphenols at cellular and subcellular levels. Lack of adequate clinical data on nutraceuticals from grape seed products precludes their use in human health. First, it is not known whether the benefit of red wine originates from the tendency to consume them during meal time, or their consumption together with other macronutrients improves their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Second, it is not known whether the ability of wine to scavenge for free radicals originates from its chemical properties as a biofuel, through its ability to cause oxidative stress, or using both mechanisms, which may suggest that it has multiple effects at the cellular or subcellular level.
\n
The success of human genome project and recent developments in molecular biology has led to major revolution in biological sciences. Thus, the application nutraceuticals from grape seeds to human health need to be prioritized as one of the areas of current research. Additional research should focus on understanding potential effects of confounding factors that may be associated with the use of nutraceuticals from grape seeds. This is because preliminary data suggest that nutraceuticals from grape seeds have valuable applications in the prevention and/or treatment of several human diseases. Hence, there are unlimited opportunities presented by the application of polyphenols from grape seeds as nutraceuticals. Therefore, it is important to investigate not only their bioavailability and chemical composition but also to characterize their biological properties to determine their mechanisms as well as their synergistic properties and other components of human diet.
Acknowledgments
\n
The authors are grateful to the Florida A&M University, College of Agriculture and Food Science. The research work has been done with the financial support of USDA/NIFA/AFRI Plant Biochemistry program grant # 2015-12398.
\n',keywords:"grape seeds, polyphenols, oxidation, nutraceuticals, human diseases",chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/53840.pdf",chapterXML:"https://mts.intechopen.com/source/xml/53840.xml",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/53840",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/53840",totalDownloads:2595,totalViews:628,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:12,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,introChapter:null,impactScore:4,impactScorePercentile:90,impactScoreQuartile:4,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"June 17th 2016",dateReviewed:"November 14th 2016",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"March 8th 2017",dateFinished:"January 11th 2017",readingETA:"0",abstract:"Grapes (Vitis spp.) are consumed as fresh table fruits, raisins, and processed into wine, juice, jelly and other value-added products. Grapes contain bioactive secondary metabolites (polyphenols), such as proanthocyanins (oliogemeric flavonoids), flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin), and anthocyanins. They have non-flavonoids such as hydroxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric, cinnamic, caffeic, gentisic, ferulic, and vanillic acids), and hydroxybenzoic acids: trihydroxy stilbenes (resveratrol and polydatin). These phytochemicals are of economic importance to pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. Nutraceuticals from grape seeds have potential cardioprotective, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial properties. Grape seed nutraceuticals have been re-invented in the past few years as a new paradigm in human medicine. In particular, nutraceuticals from grape seeds have been used in stopping wound bleeding, anti-inflammatory agents, pain relief, and anti-diarrhea. In addition, they can be used for the treatment of various human health conditions such as cancer, cholera, smallpox, and nausea as well as eye infections, skin, kidney, liver diseases, etc. Nowadays, consumers are demanding for healthy supplements and personal care products with natural ingredients. Therefore, the present review highlights recent developments and future opportunities of grape seed nutraceuticals for the prevention of human diseases.",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/53840",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/53840",book:{id:"5609",slug:"phenolic-compounds-biological-activity"},signatures:"Anthony Ananga, James Obuya, Joel Ochieng and Violeta Tsolova",authors:[{id:"74792",title:"Dr.",name:"Joel W.",middleName:null,surname:"Ochieng",fullName:"Joel W. Ochieng",slug:"joel-w.-ochieng",email:"jochieng@uonbi.ac.ke",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"University of Nairobi",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Kenya"}}},{id:"126149",title:"Dr.",name:"Anthony",middleName:null,surname:"Ananga",fullName:"Anthony Ananga",slug:"anthony-ananga",email:"anthony.ananga@gmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126149/images/system/126149.jpeg",institution:{name:"Florida A&M University - Florida State University College of Engineering",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"137412",title:"Dr.",name:"Violetka",middleName:null,surname:"Tsolova",fullName:"Violetka Tsolova",slug:"violetka-tsolova",email:"VIOLETKA.COLOVA@famu.edu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"193798",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Obuya",fullName:"James Obuya",slug:"james-obuya",email:"jamesobuya@yahoo.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:{name:"Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],sections:[{id:"sec_1",title:"1. Introduction",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2",title:"2. History and establishment of grapes in North America for food and wine industries",level:"1"},{id:"sec_3",title:"3. Grape seed polyphenols and their benefits to human health",level:"1"},{id:"sec_4",title:"4. Chemical composition",level:"1"},{id:"sec_5",title:"5. Biological activities",level:"1"},{id:"sec_6",title:"6. Health benefits",level:"1"},{id:"sec_7",title:"7. Bioavailability",level:"1"},{id:"sec_8",title:"8. Safety concerns for application of grape seed products from American native grapes in foods and cosmetics",level:"1"},{id:"sec_9",title:"9. Conclusions and future remarks",level:"1"},{id:"sec_10",title:"Acknowledgments",level:"1"}],chapterReferences:[{id:"B1",body:'Ali, K., Maltese, F., Choi, Y. & Verpoorte R. (2010). Metabolic constituents of grapevine and grape-derived products. Phytochem. Rev. 9, 357–378.'},{id:"B2",body:'Ananga, A., Georgiev, V. & Tsolova, V. (2013). Manipulation and engineering of metabolic and biosynthetic pathway of plant polyphenols. Curr. Pharm. Des. 19, 6186–6206.'},{id:"B3",body:'Dudareva, N., Negre, F., Nagegowda, D.A. & Orlova, I. (2006). Plant volatiles: recent advances and future perspectives. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 25, 417–440.'},{id:"B4",body:'Sudha, G. & Ravishankar, G. (2002). Involvement and interaction of various signaling compounds on the plant metabolic events during defense response, resistance to stress factors, formation of secondary metabolites and their molecular aspects. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 71, 181–212.'},{id:"B5",body:'Ananga, A., Georgiev, V., Ochieng, J., Phills, B., Tsolova, V. (2012) Production of anthocyanins in grape cell cultures: a potential source of raw material for pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic Industries. In The Mediterranean Genetic Code—Grapevine and Olive; Sladonja, B., Poljuha, D., Eds.; InTech: Rijeka, Croatia, pp. 247–287.'},{id:"B6",body:'Zhang, L., Kai, G.Y., Lu B.B., Zhang, H.M., Tang, K.X, Jiang, J.H., et al. (2005). Metabolic engineering of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 47, 136–143.'},{id:"B7",body:'Conde, C., Silva, P., Fontes, N., Dias, A.C.P., Tavares, R.M., Sousa, M.J., et al. (2007). Biochemical changes throughout grape berry development and fruit and wine quality. Food 1, 1–22.'},{id:"B8",body:'Atanassov, I., Hvarleva, T., Rusanov, K., Tsvetkov, I. & Atanassov, A. (2009). Wine metabolite profiling: possible application in winemaking and grapevine breading in Bulgaria. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip. 23, 1449–1452.'},{id:"B9",body:'Lepiniec, L., Debeaujon, I., Routaboul, J.M., Baudry, A., Pourcel, L., Nesi, N., et al. (2006). Genetics and biochemistry of seed flavonoids. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57, 405–430.'},{id:"B10",body:'Pourcel, L., Routaboul, J.M., Cheynier, V., Lepiniec, L. & Debeaujon, I. (2007). Flavonoid oxidation in plants: from biochemical properties to physiological functions. Trends Plant Sci. 12, 29–36.'},{id:"B11",body:'Dixon, R.A. (2001). Natural products and plant disease resistance. Nature 411, 843–847.'},{id:"B12",body:'Liang, Z., Owens, C.L., Zhong, G.Y. & Cheng, L. (2011). Polyphenolic profiles detected in the ripe berries of Vitis vinifera germplasm. Food Chem. 129, 940–950.'},{id:"B13",body:'Soleas, G.J., Diamandis, E.P. & Goldberg, D.M. (1997). Wine as a biological fluid: history, production, and role in disease prevention. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 11, 287–313.'},{id:"B14",body:'de Lange, D. (2007). From red wine to polyphenols and back: a journey through the history of the French paradox. Thromb. Res. 119, 403–406.'},{id:"B15",body:'Kennedy, J.A., Saucier, C. & Glories, Y. (2006). Grape and wine phenolics: history and perspective. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 57, 239–248.'},{id:"B16",body:'Cordova, A.C. & Sumpio, B.E. (2009). Polyphenols are medicine: Is it time to prescribe red wine for our patients?. Int. J. Angiol., 18, 111.'},{id:"B17",body:'Duthie, G.G, Duthie, S.J. & Kyle, J.A. (2000). Plant polyphenols in cancer and heart disease: implications as nutritional antioxidants. Nutr. Res. Rev. 13, 79–106.'},{id:"B18",body:'Adams, D.O. (2006). Phenolics and ripening in grape berries. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 57, 249–256.'},{id:"B19",body:'Alcalde-Eon, C., Escribano-Bailón, M.T., Santos-Buelga, C. & Rivas-Gonzalo, J.C. (2006). Changes in the detailed pigment composition of red wine during maturity and ageing: a comprehensive study. Anal. Chim. Acta 563, 238–254.'},{id:"B20",body:'Fuleki, T. & Ricardo da Silva, J.M. (1997). Catechin and procyanidin composition of seeds from grape cultivars grown in Ontario. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45, 1156–1160.'},{id:"B21",body:'Santos-Buelga, C., Francia-Aricha, E. & Escribano-Bailón, M. (1995). Comparative flavan-3-ol composition of seeds from different grape varieties. Food Chem. 53, 197–201.'},{id:"B22",body:'Yamakoshi, J., Saito, M., Kataoka, S., Kikuchi, M. (2002). Safety evaluation of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds. Food Chem. Toxicol. 40, 599–607.'},{id:"B23",body:'Shi, J., Yu, J., Pohorly, J.E. & Kakuda Y. (2003). Polyphenolics in grape seeds-biochemistry and functionality. J. Med. Food 6, 291–299.'},{id:"B24",body:'Su, C.T. & Singleton, V. (1969). Identification of three flavan-3-ols from grapes. Phytochemistry 8, 1553–1558.'},{id:"B25",body:'Romeyer, F.M., Macheix, J.J., Goiffon, J.J., Reminiac, C.C. & Sapis, J.C. (1983). Browning capacity of grapes. 3. Changes and importance of hydroxycinnamic acid-tartaric acid esters during development and maturation of the fruit. J. Agric. Food Chem.. 31, 346–349.'},{id:"B26",body:'Bertelli, A.A. & Das D.K. (2009). Grapes, wines, resveratrol, and heart health. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 54, 468–476.'},{id:"B27",body:'Romeyer, F.M., Macheix, J.J. & Sapis, J.C. (1985). Changes and importance of oligomeric procyanidins during maturation of grape seeds. Phytochemistry 25, 219–221.'},{id:"B28",body:'Heim, K.E., Tagliaferro, A.R. & Bobilya, D.J. (2002). Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13, 572–584.'},{id:"B29",body:'Pirie, A. & Mullins, M. (1977). Interrelationships of sugars, anthocyanins, total phenols and dry weight in the skin of grape berries during ripening. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 28, 204–209.'},{id:"B30",body:'Wicks, A.S. & Kliewer, W. (1983). Further investigations into the relationship between anthocyanins, phenolics and soluble carbohydrates in grape berry skins. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 34, 114–116.'},{id:"B31",body:'Ribéreau-Gayon, P. (1972). Evolution of phenolic compounds during grape maturation to rasin. Conn Vigne Vin. 6, 161–175.'},{id:"B32",body:'Ariga, T., Koshiyama, I. & Fukushima, D. (1988). Antioxidative properties of procyanidins B-1 and B-3 from azuki beans in aqueous systems. Agric. Biol. Chem. 52, 2717–2722.'},{id:"B33",body:'Vinson, J.A., Dabbagh, Y.A., Serry, M.M. & Jang, J. (1995). Plant flavonoids, especially tea flavonols, are powerful antioxidants using an in vitro oxidation model for heart disease. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43, 2800–2802.'},{id:"B34",body:'Teissedre, P.L., Frankel, E.N., Waterhouse, A.L., Peleg, H. & German J.B. (1996). Inhibition of in vitro human LDL oxidation by phenolic antioxidants from grapes and wines. J. Sci. Food Agric. 70, 55–61.'},{id:"B35",body:'Ariga, T. & Hamano, M. (1990). Radical scavenging action and its mode in procyanidins B-1 and B-3 from azuki beans to peroxyl radicals. Agric. Biol. Chem. 54, 2499–2504.'},{id:"B36",body:'Da Silva, J.M.R, Darmon, N., Fernandez, Y. & Mitjavila, S. (1991). Oxygen free radical scavenger capacity in aqueous models of different procyanidins from grape seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 39, 1549–1552.'},{id:"B37",body:'Maffei, F.R., Carini, M., Aldini, G., Bombardelli, E., Morazzoni, P. & Morelli, R. (1994). Free radicals scavenging action and anti-enzyme activities of procyanidines from Vitis vinifera. A mechanism for their capillary protective action. Arzneimittelforschung 44, 592–601.'},{id:"B38",body:'Frankel, E., German, J., Kinsella, J., Parks, E. & Kanner J. (1993). Inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein by phenolic substances in red wine. Lancet 341, 454–457.'},{id:"B39",body:'Bagchi, D., Garg, A., Krohn, R., Bagchi, M., Tran, M. & Stohs, S. (1997). Oxygen free radical scavenging abilities of vitamins C and E, and a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in vitro. Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol. 95, 179–189.'},{id:"B40",body:'Zafirov, D., Bredy-Dobreva, G., Litchev, V. & Papasova, M. (1989). Antiexudative and capillaritonic effects of procyanidines isolated from grape seeds (V. vinifera). Acta Physiol. Pharmacol. Bulg.. 16, 50–54.'},{id:"B41",body:'Meyer, A.S., Yi, O.S., Pearson, D.A., Waterhouse, A.L. & Frankel, E.N. (1997). Inhibition of human low-density lipoprotein oxidation in relation to composition of phenolic antioxidants in grapes (Vitis vinifera). J. Agric. Food Chem. 45, 1638–1643.'},{id:"B42",body:'Ma, L., Gao, H.Q., Li B.Y., Ma, Y.B., You B.A. & Zhang, F.L. (2007). Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts inhibit vascular cell adhesion molecule expression induced by advanced glycation end products through activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 49, 293–298.'},{id:"B43",body:'Zhang, F.L., Gao, H.Q., Wu, J.M., Ma, Y.B., You, B.A., Li, B.Y., et al. (2006). Selective inhibition by grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts of cell adhesion molecule expression induced by advanced glycation end products in endothelial cells. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 48, 47–53.'},{id:"B44",body:'Liviero, L., Puglisi, P., Morazzoni, P. & Bombardelli, E. (1994). Antimutagenic activity of procyanidins from Vitis vinifera. Fitoterapia 65, 203–209.'},{id:"B45",body:'Sharma, G., Tyagi, A.K., Singh, R.P., Chan, D.C. & Agarwal, R. (2004). Synergistic anti-cancer effects of grape seed extract and conventional cytotoxic agent doxorubicin against human breast carcinoma cells. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 85, 1–12.'},{id:"B46",body:'Kaur, M., Agarwal, C. & Agarwal, R. (2009). Anticancer and cancer chemopreventive potential of grape seed extract and other grape-based products. J. Nutr. Sci. 139, 1806S–1812S.'},{id:"B47",body:'Roy, A.M., Baliga, M.S., Elmets, C.A. & Katiyar, S.K. (2005). Grape seed proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis through p53, Bax, and caspase 3 pathways. Neoplasia 7, 24–36.'},{id:"B48",body:'Takechi, M., Tanaka, Y., Takehara, M., Nonaka, G.I. & Nishioka, I. (1985). Structure and antiherpetic activity among the tannins. Phytochemistry 24, 2245–2250.'},{id:"B49",body:'Bisha, B., Weinsetel, N., Brehm-Stecher, B.F. & Mendonca, A. (2010). Antilisterial effects of gravinol-s grape seed extract at low levels in aqueous media and its potential application as a produce wash. J. Food Prot. 73, 266–273.'},{id:"B50",body:'Perumalla, A. & Hettiarachchy, N.S. (2011). Green tea and grape seed extracts—potential applications in food safety and quality. Food Res. Int. 44, 827–839.'},{id:"B51",body:'Jayaprakasha, G., Selvi, T. & Sakariah, K. (2003). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extracts. Food Res. Int. 36, 117–222.'},{id:"B52",body:'Bravo, L. (1998). Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism, and nutritional significance. Nutr. Rev. 56, 317–333.'},{id:"B53",body:'Saito, M., Hosoyama, H., Ariga, T., Kataoka, S. & Yamaji, N. (1998). Antiulcer activity of grape seed extract and procyanidins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46, 1460–1464.'},{id:"B54",body:'Shrikhande, A.J. (2000). Wine by-products with health benefits. Food Res. Int. 33, 469–474.'},{id:"B55",body:'German, J.B. & Walzem, R.L. (2000). The health benefits of wine. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 20, 561–593.'},{id:"B56",body:'Renaud, S.D. & de Lorgeril, M. (1992). Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease. Lancet 339, 1523–1526.'},{id:"B57",body:'Frankel, E.N., Waterhouse, A.L. & Teissedre, P.L. (1995). Principal phenolic phytochemicals in selected California wines and their antioxidant activity in inhibiting oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43, 890–894.'},{id:"B58",body:'Dai, J. & Mumper, R.J. (2010). Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules 15, 7313–7352.'},{id:"B59",body:'Norrie, P. (2003). The history of wine as a medicine. In: Sandler, M. & Pinder, R. (Eds). Wine: a scientific exploration, Taylor & Francis, London and New York. pp. 20–37.'},{id:"B60",body:'Agarwal, C., Singh, R.P. & Agarwal, R. (2002). Grape seed extract induces apoptotic death of human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells via caspases activation accompanied by dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release. Carcinogenesis 23, 1869–1876.'},{id:"B61",body:'Singleton, V. (1981). Naturally occurring food toxicants: phenolic substances of plant origin common in foods. Adv. Food Res. 27, 149.'},{id:"B62",body:'Leifert, W.R. & Abeywardena, M.Y. (2008). Grape seed and red wine polyphenol extracts inhibit cellular cholesterol uptake, cell proliferation, and 5-lipoxygenase activity. Nutr. Res. 28, 842–850.'},{id:"B63",body:'Iriti, M. & Faoro, F. (2010). Bioactive chemicals and health benefits of grapevine products. Bioact. Food Promot. Health 581, 620.'},{id:"B64",body:'Cheng, M., Gao, H.Q., Xu, L., Li, B.Y., Zhang, H. & Li X.H. (2007). Cardioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. J. Cardiovas. Pharmacol. 50, 503–509.'},{id:"B65",body:'Pyörälä, K., Laakso, M. & Uusitupa, M. (1987). Diabetes and atherosclerosis: an epidemiologic view. Diabetes Metab. Rev. 3, 463–524.'},{id:"B66",body:'Reaven, P. (1995). Dietary and pharmacologic regimens to reduce lipid peroxidation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62, 1483S–1489S.'},{id:"B67",body:'Baynes, J.W. (1991). Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes 40, 405–412.'},{id:"B68",body:'Bucala, R., Makita, Z., Koschinsky, T., Cerami, A. & Vlassara, H. (1993). Lipid advanced glycosylation: pathway for lipid oxidation in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 6434–6438.'},{id:"B69",body:'Jimenez-Ramsey, L.M., Rogler, J.C., Housley, T.L., Butler, L.G. & Elkin, R.G. (1994). Absorption and distribution of 14C-labeled condensed tannins and related sorghum phenolics in chickens. J. Agric. Food Chem. 42, 963–967.'},{id:"B70",body:'Lapidot, T., Harel, S., Granit, R. & Kanner, J. (1998). Bioavailability of red wine anthocyanins as detected in human urine. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46, 4297–4302.'},{id:"B71",body:'Paganga, G. & Rice-Evans, C.A. (1997). The identification of flavonoids as glycosides in human plasma. FEBS Lett. 401, 78–82.'},{id:"B72",body:'Ritchey, J.G. & Waterhouse, A.L. (1999). A standard red wine: monomeric phenolic analysis of commercial cabernet sauvignon wines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 50, 91–100.'},{id:"B73",body:'Goldberg, D.M., Karumanchiri, A., Soleas, G.J. & Tsang, E. (1999). Concentrations of selected polyphenols in white commercial wines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 50, 185–193.'},{id:"B74",body:'Bertelli, A., Giovannini, L., Stradi, R., Bertelli, A. & Tillement, J. (1995). Plasma, urine and tissue levels of trans-and cis-resveratrol (3, 4′, 5-trihydroxystilbene) after short-term or prolonged administration of red wine to rats. Int. J. Tissue React. 18, 67–71.'},{id:"B75",body:'Manach, C., Morand, C., Texier, O. & Favier, M.L. (1995). Quercetin metabolites in plasma of rats fed diets containing rutin or quercetin. J. Nutr. 125, 1911.'},{id:"B76",body:'Sazuka, M., Isemura, M. & Isemura, S. (1998). Interaction between the carboxyl-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62, 1031–1032.'},{id:"B77",body:'Spencer, J.P., Chowrimootoo, G., Choudhury, R., Debnam, E.S., Srai, S.K. Rice-Evans, C. (1999). The small intestine can both absorb and glucuronidate luminal flavonoids. FEBS Lett. 458, 224–230.'},{id:"B78",body:'Manach, C., Morand, C., Crespy, V., Demigné, C., Texier, O., Régérat, F., et al. (1998). Quercetin is recovered in human plasma as conjugated derivatives which retain antioxidant properties. FEBS Lett. 426, 331–336.'},{id:"B79",body:'Piskula, M.K. & Terao, J. (1998). Accumulation of (−)-epicatechin metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration and distribution of conjugation enzymes in rat tissues. J. Nutr. 128, 1172–1178.'},{id:"B80",body:'Hackett, A.M. (1986). The metabolism of flavonoid compounds in mammals. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 213, 177.'},{id:"B81",body:'Iriti, M. & Faoro, F. (2006). Grape phytochemicals: a bouquet of old and new nutraceuticals for human health. Med. Hypotheses 67, 833–838.'},{id:"B82",body:'Ray, S.D., Patel, D., Wong, V. & Bagchi, D. (1999). In vivo protection of dna damage associated apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths during acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol. 107, 137–166.'},{id:"B83",body:'Harrigan, G.G., Glenn, K.C. & Ridley, W.P. (2010). Assessing the natural variability in crop composition. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 58, S13–S20.'},{id:"B84",body:'Wren, A.F., Cleary, M., Frantz, C., Melton, S. & Norris, L. (2002). 90 day oral toxicity study of a grape seed extract (IH636) in rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 2180–2192.'},{id:"B85",body:'Bentivegna, S. & Whitney, K. (2002). Subchronic 3 month oral toxicity study of grape seed and grape skin extracts. Food Chem. Toxicol. 40, 1731–1743.'},{id:"B86",body:'Antignac, E., Nohynek, G.J., Re, T., Clouzeau, J. & Toutain, H. (2011). Safety of botanical ingredients in personal care products/cosmetics. Food Chem. Toxicol. 49, 324–341.'},{id:"B87",body:'Keli, S.O., Hertog, M.G., Feskens, E.J., Kromhout, D. (1996). Dietary flavonoids, antioxidant vitamins, and incidence of stroke: the Zutphen study. Arch. Intern. Med. 156, 637–642.'}],footnotes:[],contributors:[{corresp:"yes",contributorFullName:"Anthony Ananga",address:"anthony.ananga@gmail.com",affiliation:'
Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Food Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
'}],corrections:null},book:{id:"5609",type:"book",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Biological Activity",fullTitle:"Phenolic Compounds - Biological Activity",slug:"phenolic-compounds-biological-activity",publishedDate:"March 8th 2017",bookSignature:"Marcos Soto-Hernandez, Mariana Palma-Tenango and Maria del Rosario Garcia-Mateos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5609.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:"978-953-51-2960-8",printIsbn:"978-953-51-2959-2",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5090-9",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:244,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"65790",title:"Prof.",name:"Marcos",middleName:null,surname:"Soto-Hernández",slug:"marcos-soto-hernandez",fullName:"Marcos Soto-Hernández"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"193077",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariana",middleName:null,surname:"Palma-Tenango",slug:"mariana-palma-tenango",fullName:"Mariana Palma-Tenango"},coeditorTwo:{id:"194366",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosario",middleName:null,surname:"García-Mateos",slug:"rosario-garcia-mateos",fullName:"Rosario García-Mateos"},coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"500"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"53128",type:"chapter",title:"Phenolic Compounds: Functional Properties, Impact of Processing and Bioavailability",slug:"phenolic-compounds-functional-properties-impact-of-processing-and-bioavailability",totalDownloads:9398,totalCrossrefCites:80,signatures:"Igor Otavio Minatel, Cristine Vanz Borges, Maria Izabela Ferreira,\nHector Alonzo Gomez Gomez, Chung-Yen Oliver Chen and\nGiuseppina Pace Pereira Lima",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"146379",title:"Dr.",name:"Giuseppina",middleName:null,surname:"Lima",fullName:"Giuseppina Lima",slug:"giuseppina-lima"},{id:"194002",title:"MSc.",name:"Cristine",middleName:null,surname:"Vanz Borges",fullName:"Cristine Vanz Borges",slug:"cristine-vanz-borges"},{id:"194003",title:"Prof.",name:"Igor Otavio",middleName:null,surname:"Minatel",fullName:"Igor Otavio Minatel",slug:"igor-otavio-minatel"},{id:"194004",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Izabela",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira",fullName:"Maria Izabela Ferreira",slug:"maria-izabela-ferreira"},{id:"194005",title:"Prof.",name:"Hector",middleName:null,surname:"Gomez-Gomez",fullName:"Hector Gomez-Gomez",slug:"hector-gomez-gomez"},{id:"194006",title:"Prof.",name:"Chung-Yen Oliver",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Chung-Yen Oliver Chen",slug:"chung-yen-oliver-chen"}]},{id:"53885",type:"chapter",title:"The Relationship Between Phenolic Compounds from Diet and Microbiota",slug:"the-relationship-between-phenolic-compounds-from-diet-and-microbiota",totalDownloads:2368,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Daniela Elena Popa, Cristina Manuela Drăgoi, Andreea Letiţia\nArsene, Ion Bogdan Dumitrescu, Alina Crenguţa Nicolae, Bruno Stefan Velescu and\nGeorge T.A. Burcea-Dragomiroiu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"190111",title:"Dr.",name:"Andreea",middleName:null,surname:"Arsene",fullName:"Andreea Arsene",slug:"andreea-arsene"},{id:"192919",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Cristina Manuela",middleName:null,surname:"Drăgoi",fullName:"Cristina Manuela Drăgoi",slug:"cristina-manuela-dragoi"},{id:"193026",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniela Elena",middleName:null,surname:"Popa",fullName:"Daniela Elena Popa",slug:"daniela-elena-popa"},{id:"193027",title:"Dr.",name:"George Traian Alexandru",middleName:null,surname:"Burcea Dragomiroiu",fullName:"George Traian Alexandru Burcea Dragomiroiu",slug:"george-traian-alexandru-burcea-dragomiroiu"},{id:"193030",title:"Mrs.",name:"Alina Crenguta",middleName:null,surname:"Nicolae",fullName:"Alina Crenguta Nicolae",slug:"alina-crenguta-nicolae"},{id:"195925",title:"Mr.",name:"Ion Bogdan",middleName:null,surname:"Dumitrescu",fullName:"Ion Bogdan Dumitrescu",slug:"ion-bogdan-dumitrescu"},{id:"198528",title:"Dr.",name:"Bruno Ștefan",middleName:null,surname:"Velescu",fullName:"Bruno Ștefan Velescu",slug:"bruno-stefan-velescu"}]},{id:"53580",type:"chapter",title:"Application of Phenolic Compounds for Food Preservation: Food Additive and Active Packaging",slug:"application-of-phenolic-compounds-for-food-preservation-food-additive-and-active-packaging",totalDownloads:3950,totalCrossrefCites:24,signatures:"Sara Martillanes, Javier Rocha-Pimienta, Manuel Cabrera-Bañegil,\nDaniel Martín-Vertedor and Jonathan Delgado-Adámez",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"193618",title:"Dr.",name:"Jonathan",middleName:null,surname:"Delgado-Adámez",fullName:"Jonathan Delgado-Adámez",slug:"jonathan-delgado-adamez"},{id:"193962",title:"Ms.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Martillanes",fullName:"Sara Martillanes",slug:"sara-martillanes"},{id:"193963",title:"Mr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Rocha-Pimienta",fullName:"Javier Rocha-Pimienta",slug:"javier-rocha-pimienta"},{id:"193964",title:"Mr.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Cabrera-Bañegil",fullName:"Manuel Cabrera-Bañegil",slug:"manuel-cabrera-banegil"},{id:"193965",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Martín",fullName:"Daniel Martín",slug:"daniel-martin"}]},{id:"53658",type:"chapter",title:"Phenolic Antioxidant Capacity: A Review of the State of the Art",slug:"phenolic-antioxidant-capacity-a-review-of-the-state-of-the-art",totalDownloads:3235,totalCrossrefCites:12,signatures:"Rubén San Miguel-Chávez",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"193235",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Ruben",middleName:null,surname:"San Miguel",fullName:"Ruben San Miguel",slug:"ruben-san-miguel"}]},{id:"53564",type:"chapter",title:"Plant Phenolic Compounds as Immunomodulatory Agents",slug:"plant-phenolic-compounds-as-immunomodulatory-agents",totalDownloads:2843,totalCrossrefCites:10,signatures:"Alice Grigore",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"193003",title:"Dr.",name:"Alice",middleName:null,surname:"Grigore",fullName:"Alice Grigore",slug:"alice-grigore"}]},{id:"53576",type:"chapter",title:"Inhibitory Properties of Phenolic Compounds Against Enzymes Linked with Human Diseases",slug:"inhibitory-properties-of-phenolic-compounds-against-enzymes-linked-with-human-diseases",totalDownloads:2677,totalCrossrefCites:14,signatures:"Sandra Gonçalves and Anabela Romano",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"193464",title:"Prof.",name:"Anabela",middleName:null,surname:"Romano",fullName:"Anabela Romano",slug:"anabela-romano"},{id:"193968",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandra",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Sandra Gonçalves",slug:"sandra-goncalves"}]},{id:"53840",type:"chapter",title:"Grape Seed Nutraceuticals for Disease Prevention: Current Status and Future Prospects",slug:"grape-seed-nutraceuticals-for-disease-prevention-current-status-and-future-prospects",totalDownloads:2595,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Anthony Ananga, James Obuya, Joel Ochieng and Violeta Tsolova",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"74792",title:"Dr.",name:"Joel W.",middleName:null,surname:"Ochieng",fullName:"Joel W. Ochieng",slug:"joel-w.-ochieng"},{id:"126149",title:"Dr.",name:"Anthony",middleName:null,surname:"Ananga",fullName:"Anthony Ananga",slug:"anthony-ananga"},{id:"137412",title:"Dr.",name:"Violetka",middleName:null,surname:"Tsolova",fullName:"Violetka Tsolova",slug:"violetka-tsolova"},{id:"193798",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Obuya",fullName:"James Obuya",slug:"james-obuya"}]},{id:"53180",type:"chapter",title:"Phenolic Compounds with Anti-virulence Properties",slug:"phenolic-compounds-with-anti-virulence-properties",totalDownloads:2418,totalCrossrefCites:12,signatures:"Naybi Muñoz-Cazares, Rodolfo García-Contreras, Macrina Pérez-\nLópez and Israel Castillo-Juárez",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"193519",title:"Dr.",name:"Castillo",middleName:null,surname:"Juárez",fullName:"Castillo Juárez",slug:"castillo-juarez"},{id:"193520",title:"Dr.",name:"García",middleName:null,surname:"Contreras Rodolfo",fullName:"García Contreras Rodolfo",slug:"garcia-contreras-rodolfo"},{id:"193521",title:"MSc.",name:"Pérez",middleName:null,surname:"López Macrina",fullName:"Pérez López Macrina",slug:"perez-lopez-macrina"},{id:"193522",title:"MSc.",name:"Muñoz",middleName:null,surname:"Cazares Naybi",fullName:"Muñoz Cazares Naybi",slug:"munoz-cazares-naybi"},{id:"197805",title:"Dr.",name:"Israel",middleName:null,surname:"Castillo Juárez",fullName:"Israel Castillo Juárez",slug:"israel-castillo-juarez"}]},{id:"52824",type:"chapter",title:"Regulatory Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport by Phenolic Acids",slug:"regulatory-mechanism-of-skeletal-muscle-glucose-transport-by-phenolic-acids",totalDownloads:2120,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Tatsuro Egawa, Satoshi Tsuda, Rieko Oshima, Ayumi Goto, Xiao Ma,\nKatsumasa Goto and Tatsuya Hayashi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"193107",title:"Dr.",name:"Tatsuro",middleName:null,surname:"Egawa",fullName:"Tatsuro Egawa",slug:"tatsuro-egawa"},{id:"193126",title:"MSc.",name:"Satoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsuda",fullName:"Satoshi Tsuda",slug:"satoshi-tsuda"},{id:"193127",title:"Prof.",name:"Katsumasa",middleName:null,surname:"Goto",fullName:"Katsumasa Goto",slug:"katsumasa-goto"},{id:"193128",title:"Prof.",name:"Tatsuya",middleName:null,surname:"Hayashi",fullName:"Tatsuya Hayashi",slug:"tatsuya-hayashi"},{id:"195578",title:"Dr.",name:"Rieko",middleName:null,surname:"Oshima",fullName:"Rieko Oshima",slug:"rieko-oshima"},{id:"195646",title:"Dr.",name:"Ayumi",middleName:null,surname:"Goto",fullName:"Ayumi Goto",slug:"ayumi-goto"},{id:"195708",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiao",middleName:null,surname:"Ma",fullName:"Xiao Ma",slug:"xiao-ma"}]},{id:"54035",type:"chapter",title:"Health Benefits of Phenolic Compounds Against Cancers",slug:"health-benefits-of-phenolic-compounds-against-cancers",totalDownloads:3010,totalCrossrefCites:13,signatures:"Abdelkader Basli, Nassim Belkacem and Iman Amrani",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"193750",title:"Dr.",name:"Basli",middleName:null,surname:"Abdelkader",fullName:"Basli Abdelkader",slug:"basli-abdelkader"},{id:"195990",title:"Mr.",name:"Belkacem",middleName:null,surname:"Nacim",fullName:"Belkacem Nacim",slug:"belkacem-nacim"},{id:"195991",title:"Dr.",name:"Amrani",middleName:null,surname:"Iman",fullName:"Amrani Iman",slug:"amrani-iman"}]},{id:"53661",type:"chapter",title:"Health Status Improved by Aronia Melanocarpa Polyphenolic Extract",slug:"health-status-improved-by-aronia-melanocarpa-polyphenolic-extract",totalDownloads:1798,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Manuela Ciocoiu, Laurentiu Badescu and Magda Badescu",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"193903",title:"Prof.",name:"Manuela",middleName:null,surname:"Ciocoiu",fullName:"Manuela Ciocoiu",slug:"manuela-ciocoiu"},{id:"195685",title:"Dr.",name:"Laurentiu",middleName:null,surname:"Badescu",fullName:"Laurentiu Badescu",slug:"laurentiu-badescu"},{id:"195686",title:"Prof.",name:"Magda",middleName:null,surname:"Badescu",fullName:"Magda Badescu",slug:"magda-badescu"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6029",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Natural Sources, Importance and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"348060e7a0fee08ee1feb9d82b330ec3",slug:"phenolic-compounds-natural-sources-importance-and-applications",bookSignature:"Marcos Soto-Hernandez, Mariana Palma-Tenango and Maria del Rosario Garcia-Mateos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6029.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"65790",title:"Prof.",name:"Marcos",surname:"Soto-Hernández",slug:"marcos-soto-hernandez",fullName:"Marcos Soto-Hernández"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"53295",title:"Chemical Structure of Phenols and Its Consequence for Sorption Processes",slug:"chemical-structure-of-phenols-and-its-consequence-for-sorption-processes",signatures:"Magdalena Sobiesiak",authors:[{id:"193105",title:"Dr.",name:"Magdalena",middleName:null,surname:"Sobiesiak",fullName:"Magdalena Sobiesiak",slug:"magdalena-sobiesiak"}]},{id:"53530",title:"Phenolic Compounds from the Natural Sources and Their Cytotoxicity",slug:"phenolic-compounds-from-the-natural-sources-and-their-cytotoxicity",signatures:"Shagufta Perveen and Areej Mohammad Al-Taweel",authors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen"},{id:"192994",title:"Dr.",name:"Areej",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Taweel",fullName:"Areej Al-Taweel",slug:"areej-al-taweel"}]},{id:"53539",title:"Phenolics in Foods: Extraction, Analysis and Measurements",slug:"phenolics-in-foods-extraction-analysis-and-measurements",signatures:"Alfredo Aires",authors:[{id:"175895",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfredo",middleName:null,surname:"Aires",fullName:"Alfredo Aires",slug:"alfredo-aires"}]},{id:"53529",title:"Synthesis and Characterization of Phenolic Lipids",slug:"synthesis-and-characterization-of-phenolic-lipids",signatures:"Mohamed Hussein Hamdy Roby",authors:[{id:"193349",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Roby",fullName:"Mohamed Roby",slug:"mohamed-roby"}]},{id:"53528",title:"Anthocyanin Pigments: Importance, Sample Preparation and Extraction",slug:"anthocyanin-pigments-importance-sample-preparation-and-extraction",signatures:"Julia Martín, María José Navas, Ana María Jiménez-Moreno and\nAgustín G. Asuero",authors:[{id:"190870",title:"Dr.",name:"Agustín G.",middleName:null,surname:"Asuero",fullName:"Agustín G. Asuero",slug:"agustin-g.-asuero"},{id:"190871",title:"Dr.",name:"Julia",middleName:null,surname:"Martín",fullName:"Julia Martín",slug:"julia-martin"},{id:"195470",title:"Dr.",name:"Mª José",middleName:null,surname:"Navas",fullName:"Mª José Navas",slug:"ma-jose-navas"},{id:"195471",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana María",middleName:null,surname:"Jiménez",fullName:"Ana María Jiménez",slug:"ana-maria-jimenez"}]},{id:"54109",title:"Flavonoid Phenolics in Red Winemaking",slug:"flavonoid-phenolics-in-red-winemaking",signatures:"L. Federico Casassa",authors:[{id:"193386",title:"Dr.",name:"Federico",middleName:null,surname:"Casassa",fullName:"Federico Casassa",slug:"federico-casassa"}]},{id:"54008",title:"The Effect of Production Systems on Strawberry Quality",slug:"the-effect-of-production-systems-on-strawberry-quality",signatures:"Li Fan, Claudine Dubé and Shahrokh Khanizadeh",authors:[{id:"193841",title:"Dr.",name:"Li",middleName:null,surname:"Fan",fullName:"Li Fan",slug:"li-fan"},{id:"200129",title:"Mrs.",name:"Claudine",middleName:null,surname:"Dubé",fullName:"Claudine Dubé",slug:"claudine-dube"},{id:"200132",title:"Dr.",name:"Shahrokh",middleName:null,surname:"Khanizadeh",fullName:"Shahrokh Khanizadeh",slug:"shahrokh-khanizadeh"}]},{id:"53825",title:"Phenolic Compounds in Maize Grains and Its Nixtamalized Products",slug:"phenolic-compounds-in-maize-grains-and-its-nixtamalized-products",signatures:"Yolanda Salinas-Moreno, Carolina García-Salinas, José L. Ramírez-\nDíaz and Ivone Alemán-de la Torre",authors:[{id:"193632",title:"Dr.",name:"Yolanda",middleName:null,surname:"Salinas-Moreno",fullName:"Yolanda Salinas-Moreno",slug:"yolanda-salinas-moreno"},{id:"196982",title:"Dr.",name:"Carolina",middleName:null,surname:"García-Salinas",fullName:"Carolina García-Salinas",slug:"carolina-garcia-salinas"},{id:"196983",title:"Dr.",name:"José Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Ramírez-Díaz",fullName:"José Luis Ramírez-Díaz",slug:"jose-luis-ramirez-diaz"},{id:"196984",title:"MSc.",name:"Ivone",middleName:null,surname:"Alemán De La Torre",fullName:"Ivone Alemán De La Torre",slug:"ivone-aleman-de-la-torre"}]},{id:"53603",title:"Phenolic Compounds in Genus Smilax (Sarsaparilla)",slug:"phenolic-compounds-in-genus-smilax-sarsaparilla-",signatures:"Salas-Coronado Raúl, Hernández-Carlos Beatriz, Llaguno-Guilberto\nJoseoziel and Santos-Sánchez Norma Francenia",authors:[{id:"143354",title:"Dr.",name:"Raúl",middleName:null,surname:"Salas-Coronado",fullName:"Raúl Salas-Coronado",slug:"raul-salas-coronado"},{id:"148546",title:"Dr.",name:"Norma Francenia",middleName:null,surname:"Santos-Sánchez",fullName:"Norma Francenia Santos-Sánchez",slug:"norma-francenia-santos-sanchez"},{id:"193718",title:"Dr.",name:"Beatriz",middleName:null,surname:"Hernández-Carlos",fullName:"Beatriz Hernández-Carlos",slug:"beatriz-hernandez-carlos"},{id:"193719",title:"BSc.",name:"Joseoziel",middleName:null,surname:"LLaguno-Guilberto",fullName:"Joseoziel LLaguno-Guilberto",slug:"joseoziel-llaguno-guilberto"}]},{id:"53742",title:"Genotype, Environment and Management Practices on Red/ Dark-Colored Fruits Phenolic Composition and Its Impact on Sensory Attributes and Potential Health Benefits",slug:"genotype-environment-and-management-practices-on-red-dark-colored-fruits-phenolic-composition-and-it",signatures:"Fernanda Cosme, Berta Gonçalves, Eunice A. Bacelar, António Inês,\nAntónio M. Jordão and Alice Vilela",authors:[{id:"60559",title:"Prof.",name:"Berta",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Berta Gonçalves",slug:"berta-goncalves"},{id:"60560",title:"Dr.",name:"Eunice",middleName:null,surname:"Bacelar",fullName:"Eunice Bacelar",slug:"eunice-bacelar"},{id:"181011",title:"Dr.",name:"Alice",middleName:null,surname:"Vilela",fullName:"Alice Vilela",slug:"alice-vilela"},{id:"186819",title:"Prof.",name:"Fernanda",middleName:null,surname:"Cosme",fullName:"Fernanda Cosme",slug:"fernanda-cosme"},{id:"186820",title:"Prof.",name:"António",middleName:null,surname:"Inês",fullName:"António Inês",slug:"antonio-ines"},{id:"186821",title:"Prof.",name:"António",middleName:null,surname:"M. Jordão",fullName:"António M. Jordão",slug:"antonio-m.-jordao"}]},{id:"53672",title:"Perspective on Co-feeding of Phenolic Compounds into Existing Refinery Units",slug:"perspective-on-co-feeding-of-phenolic-compounds-into-existing-refinery-units",signatures:"Thuan Minh Huynh, Udo Armbruster and Andreas Martin",authors:[{id:"180804",title:"Dr.",name:"Andreas",middleName:null,surname:"Martin",fullName:"Andreas Martin",slug:"andreas-martin"},{id:"193492",title:"Dr.",name:"Thuan Minh",middleName:null,surname:"Huynh",fullName:"Thuan Minh Huynh",slug:"thuan-minh-huynh"},{id:"196964",title:"Dr.",name:"Udo",middleName:null,surname:"Armbruster",fullName:"Udo Armbruster",slug:"udo-armbruster"}]},{id:"53731",title:"Modified Byproduct of Coke Phenols as Effective and Prospective Inhibitors for Petrochemical Industry",slug:"modified-byproduct-of-coke-phenols-as-effective-and-prospective-inhibitors-for-petrochemical-industr",signatures:"Alexey Fedorovich Gogotov",authors:[{id:"193412",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexey",middleName:null,surname:"Gogotov",fullName:"Alexey Gogotov",slug:"alexey-gogotov"}]},{id:"53444",title:"Phenolic Wastewaters: Definition, Sources and Treatment Processes",slug:"phenolic-wastewaters-definition-sources-and-treatment-processes",signatures:"Yana Batista Brandão, Julierme Gomes Correia de Oliveira and\nMohand Benachour",authors:[{id:"192946",title:"Dr.",name:"Yana",middleName:null,surname:"Brandão",fullName:"Yana Brandão",slug:"yana-brandao"},{id:"194009",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohand",middleName:null,surname:"Benachour",fullName:"Mohand Benachour",slug:"mohand-benachour"}]},{id:"53679",title:"Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Water by Adsorption and Photocatalysis",slug:"removal-of-phenolic-compounds-from-water-by-adsorption-and-photocatalysis",signatures:"Eduardo Enrique Pérez Ramírez, Miguel de la Luz Asunción,\nVeronica Saucedo Rivalcoba, Ana Laura Martínez Hernández and\nCarlos Velasco Santos",authors:[{id:"178665",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Velasco-Santos",fullName:"Carlos Velasco-Santos",slug:"carlos-velasco-santos"},{id:"178667",title:"Prof.",name:"Ana Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Hernandez",fullName:"Ana Laura Martínez-Hernandez",slug:"ana-laura-martinez-hernandez"},{id:"194010",title:"Dr.",name:"Veronica",middleName:null,surname:"Saucedo-Rivalcoba",fullName:"Veronica Saucedo-Rivalcoba",slug:"veronica-saucedo-rivalcoba"},{id:"194017",title:"Dr.",name:"Eduardo E.",middleName:null,surname:"Perez-Ramirez",fullName:"Eduardo E. Perez-Ramirez",slug:"eduardo-e.-perez-ramirez"},{id:"194018",title:"Dr.",name:"Miguel",middleName:null,surname:"De La Luz-Asunción",fullName:"Miguel De La Luz-Asunción",slug:"miguel-de-la-luz-asuncion"}]},{id:"53487",title:"Phenolic Compounds Removal in Woodwaste Leachate by a Trickling Biofilter",slug:"phenolic-compounds-removal-in-woodwaste-leachate-by-a-trickling-biofilter",signatures:"Najat Kamal, Rosa Galvez, Gerardo Buelna and Rino Dubé",authors:[{id:"69386",title:"Prof.",name:"Rosa",middleName:null,surname:"Galvez-Cloutier",fullName:"Rosa Galvez-Cloutier",slug:"rosa-galvez-cloutier"},{id:"194007",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Najat",middleName:null,surname:"Kamal",fullName:"Najat Kamal",slug:"najat-kamal"},{id:"194311",title:"Dr.",name:"Gerardo",middleName:null,surname:"Buelna",fullName:"Gerardo Buelna",slug:"gerardo-buelna"},{id:"195942",title:"Mr.",name:"Rino",middleName:null,surname:"Dubé",fullName:"Rino Dubé",slug:"rino-dube"}]},{id:"52914",title:"Degradation of Phenolic Compounds Through UV and Visible- Light-Driven Photocatalysis: Technical and Economic Aspects",slug:"degradation-of-phenolic-compounds-through-uv-and-visible-light-driven-photocatalysis-technical-and-e",signatures:"Pankaj Chowdhury, Sharmistha Nag and Ajay K. Ray",authors:[{id:"194058",title:"Dr.",name:"Pankaj",middleName:null,surname:"Chowdhury",fullName:"Pankaj Chowdhury",slug:"pankaj-chowdhury"},{id:"194102",title:"Prof.",name:"Sharmistha",middleName:null,surname:"Nag",fullName:"Sharmistha Nag",slug:"sharmistha-nag"},{id:"195745",title:"Prof.",name:"Ajay",middleName:null,surname:"Ray",fullName:"Ajay Ray",slug:"ajay-ray"}]},{id:"53973",title:"Phenolic Compounds in Water: Sources, Reactivity, Toxicity and Treatment Methods",slug:"phenolic-compounds-in-water-sources-reactivity-toxicity-and-treatment-methods",signatures:"William W. Anku, Messai A. Mamo and Penny P. Govender",authors:[{id:"195237",title:"Dr.",name:"Messai",middleName:"A.",surname:"Mamo",fullName:"Messai Mamo",slug:"messai-mamo"},{id:"196465",title:"Dr.",name:"William Wilson",middleName:null,surname:"Anku",fullName:"William Wilson Anku",slug:"william-wilson-anku"},{id:"196466",title:"Dr.",name:"Penny",middleName:null,surname:"Govender",fullName:"Penny Govender",slug:"penny-govender"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"5609",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Biological Activity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"008b92507ee2f757322ec4565e631bb5",slug:"phenolic-compounds-biological-activity",bookSignature:"Marcos Soto-Hernandez, Mariana Palma-Tenango and Maria del Rosario Garcia-Mateos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5609.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"65790",title:"Prof.",name:"Marcos",surname:"Soto-Hernández",slug:"marcos-soto-hernandez",fullName:"Marcos Soto-Hernández"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6029",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Natural Sources, Importance and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"348060e7a0fee08ee1feb9d82b330ec3",slug:"phenolic-compounds-natural-sources-importance-and-applications",bookSignature:"Marcos Soto-Hernandez, Mariana Palma-Tenango and Maria del Rosario Garcia-Mateos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6029.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"65790",title:"Prof.",name:"Marcos",surname:"Soto-Hernández",slug:"marcos-soto-hernandez",fullName:"Marcos Soto-Hernández"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11332",title:"Essential Oils",subtitle:"Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"742e6cae3a35686f975edc8d7f9afa94",slug:"essential-oils-advances-in-extractions-and-biological-applications",bookSignature:"Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira and Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"195290",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mozaniel",surname:"Santana De Oliveira",slug:"mozaniel-santana-de-oliveira",fullName:"Mozaniel Santana De Oliveira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10799",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"339199f254d2987ef3167eef74fb8a38",slug:"phenolic-compounds-chemistry-synthesis-diversity-non-conventional-industrial-pharmaceutical-and-therapeutic-applications",bookSignature:"Farid A. Badria",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10799.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10861",title:"Furan Derivatives",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fdfc39cecd82f91b0effac994f75c877",slug:"furan-derivatives-recent-advances-and-applications",bookSignature:"Anish Khan, Mohammed Muzibur Rahman, M. Ramesh, Salman Ahmad Khan and Abdullah Mohammed Ahmed Asiri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10861.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"293058",title:"Dr.",name:"Anish",surname:"Khan",slug:"anish-khan",fullName:"Anish Khan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"5609",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Biological Activity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"008b92507ee2f757322ec4565e631bb5",slug:"phenolic-compounds-biological-activity",bookSignature:"Marcos Soto-Hernandez, Mariana Palma-Tenango and Maria del Rosario Garcia-Mateos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5609.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"65790",title:"Prof.",name:"Marcos",surname:"Soto-Hernández",slug:"marcos-soto-hernandez",fullName:"Marcos Soto-Hernández"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"868",title:"Oilseeds",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"645016fb107c6d746ea750aad7493617",slug:"oilseeds",bookSignature:"Uduak G. Akpan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/868.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"82191",title:"Dr.",name:"Uduak G.",surname:"Akpan",slug:"uduak-g.-akpan",fullName:"Uduak G. Akpan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3143",title:"The Mediterranean Genetic Code",subtitle:"Grapevine and Olive",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1d7eb54003319184bf057161248f1ee3",slug:"the-mediterranean-genetic-code-grapevine-and-olive",bookSignature:"Danijela Poljuha and Barbara Sladonja",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3143.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"88464",title:"Dr.",name:"Barbara",surname:"Sladonja",slug:"barbara-sladonja",fullName:"Barbara Sladonja"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"71053",title:"Integral Inequalities and Differential Equations via Fractional Calculus",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.91140",slug:"integral-inequalities-and-differential-equations-via-fractional-calculus",body:'\n
\n
1. Introduction
\n
During the last few decades, fractional calculus has been extensively developed due to its important applications in many field of research [1, 2, 3, 4]. On the other hand, the integral inequalities are very important in probability theory and in applied sciences. For more details, we refer the reader to [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12] and the references therein. Moreover, the study of integral inequalities using fractional integration theory is also of great importance; we refer to [1, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17] for some applications.
\n
Also, boundary value problems of fractional differential equations have occupied an important area in the fractional calculus domain, since these problems appear in several applications of sciences and engineering, like mechanics, chemistry, electricity, chemistry, biology, finance, and control theory. For more details, we refer the reader to [3, 18, 19, 20].
\n
In this chapter, we use the Riemann-Liouville integrals to present some results related to Minkowski and Hermite-Hadamard inequalities [21]. We continue to present our results by establishing several classes of fractional integral inequalities using a family of positive functions; these classes of inequalities can be considered as generalizations for some other fractional and classical integral results published recently [22]. Then, as applications, we generate new lower bounds estimating the fractional expectations and variances for the beta random variable. Some classical covariance identities, which correspond to \n\nα\n=\n1\n\n, are generalized for any \n\nα\n≥\n1\n\n and \n\nβ\n≥\n1\n\n; see [23].
\n
For the part of differential equations, with my coauthor, we present a contribution that allows us to develop a class of fractional differential equations generalizing the chaotic electrical circuit model. We prove recent results for the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of Langevin-type equations. Then, by establishing some sufficient conditions on the data of the problem, another result for the existence of at least one solution is also discussed. The considered class has some relationship with the good paper in [20].
\n
The chapter is structured as follows: In Section 2, we recall some preliminaries on fractional calculus that will be used in the chapter. Section 3 is devoted to the main results on integral inequalities as well as to some estimates on continuous random variables. The Section 4 deals with the class of differential equations of Langevin type: we study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the considered class by means of Banach contraction principle, and then using Schaefer fixed point theorem, an existence result is discussed. At the end, the Conclusion follows.
\n
\n
\n
2. Preliminaries on fractional calculus
\n
In this section, we present some definitions and lemmas that will be used in this chapter. For more details, we refer the reader to [2, 13, 15, 24].
\n
\nDefinition 1.1. The Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operator of order \n\nα\n≥\n0\n\n, for a continuous function f on \n\n\na\nb\n\n\n is defined as
In the rest of this chapter, for short, we note a probability density function by \n\np\n.\nd\n.\nf\n\n. So, let us consider a positive continuous function \n\nω\n\n defined on \n\n\na\nb\n\n\n. We recall the \n\nω\n−\n\nconcepts:
\n
\nDefinition 1.2. The fractional \n\nω\n−\n\nweighted expectation of order \n\nα\n>\n0\n\n, for a random variable \n\nX\n\n with a positive \n\np\n.\nd\n.\nf\n.\n\n\n\n\nf\n\n defined on \n\n\na\nb\n\n\n, is given by
\nDefinition 1.3. The fractional \n\nω\n−\n\nweighted variance of order \n\nα\n>\n0\n\n for a random variable \n\nX\n\n having a \n\np\n.\nd\n.\nf\n.\n\n\n\n\nf\n\n on [a, b] is given by
\nDefinition 1.4. The fractional \n\nω\n−\n\nweighted moment of orders \n\nr\n>\n0\n,\nα\n>\n0\n\n for a continuous random variable \n\nX\n\n having a \n\np\n.\nd\n.\nf\n.\n\n\n\n\nf\n\n defined on [a, b] is defined by the quantity:
We introduce the covariance of fractional order as follows.
\n
\nDefinition 1.5. Let \n\n\nf\n1\n\n\n and \n\n\nf\n2\n\n\n be two continuous on \n\n\na\nb\n\n.\n\n We define the fractional \n\nω\n−\n\nweighted covariance of order \n\nα\n>\n0\n\n for \n\n\n\n\nf\n1\n\n\nX\n\n\n\n\nf\n2\n\n\nX\n\n\n\n\n by
\nDefinition 1.6. For a function \n\nK\n∈\n\nC\nn\n\n\n\na\nb\n\nR\n\n\n and \n\nn\n−\n1\n<\nα\n≤\nn\n\n, the Caputo fractional derivative of order \n\nα\n\n is defined by
Lemma 1.7. Let \n\nn\n∈\n\nN\n∗\n\n\n, and \n\nn\n−\n1\n<\nα\n<\nn\n\n. The general solution of \n\n\nD\nα\n\ny\n\nt\n\n=\n0\n,\nt\n∈\n\na\nb\n\n\n is given by
for some \n\n\nc\ni\n\n∈\nR\n,\ni\n=\n0,1,2\n,\n.\n.\n,\nn\n−\n1\n.\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n
3. Some integral inequalities
\n
\n
3.1 On Minkowski and Hermite-Hadamard fractional inequalities
\n
In this subsection, we present some fractional integral results related to Minkowski and Hermite-Hadamard integral inequalities. For more details, we refer the reader to [21].
\n
\nTheorem 1.9. Let \n\nα\n>\n0\n,\np\n≥\n1\n\n and let \n\nf\n,\ng\n\n be two positive functions on \n\n[\n0\n,\n∞\n[\n,\n\n such that for all \n\nt\n>\n0\n,\n\nJ\nα\n\n\nf\np\n\n\nt\n\n<\n∞\n,\n\nJ\nα\n\n\ng\np\n\n\nt\n\n<\n∞\n.\n\n If \n\n0\n<\nm\n≤\n\n\nf\n\nτ\n\n\n\ng\n\nτ\n\n\n\n≤\nM\n,\nτ\n∈\n\n0\nt\n\n,\n\n then we have
Remark 1.10. Applying the above theorem for \n\nα\n=\n1\n,\n\n we obtain Theorem 1.2 of [25] on \n\n\n0\nt\n\n.\n\n\n
\n
With the same arguments as before, we present the following theorem.
\n
Theorem 1.11. Let \n\nα\n>\n0\n,\np\n≥\n1\n\n and let \n\nf\n,\ng\n\n be two positive functions on \n\n[\n0\n,\n∞\n[\n,\n\n such that for all \n\nt\n>\n0\n,\n\nJ\nα\n\n\nf\np\n\n\nt\n\n<\n∞\n,\n\nJ\nα\n\n\ng\np\n\n\nt\n\n<\n∞\n.\n\n If \n\n0\n<\nm\n≤\n\n\nf\n\nτ\n\n\n\ng\n\nτ\n\n\n\n≤\nM\n,\nτ\n∈\n\n0\nt\n\n,\n\n then we have
Remark 1.12. Taking \n\nα\n=\n1\n\n in this second theorem, we obtain Theorem 2.2 in [26] on \n\n\n0\nt\n\n.\n\n\n
\n
Using the notions of concave and \n\n\nL\np\n\n−\n\nfunctions, we present to the reader the following result.
\n
Theorem 1.13. Suppose that \n\nα\n>\n0\n,\np\n>\n1\n,\nq\n>\n1\n\n and let \n\nf\n,\ng\n\n be two positive functions on \n\n[\n0\n,\n∞\n[\n.\n\n If \n\n\nf\np\n\n,\n\ng\nq\n\n\n are two concave functions on \n\n[\n0\n,\n∞\n[\n,\n\n then we have
We present to the reader some integral results for a family of functions [22]. These results generalize some integral inequalities of [27]. We have
\n
Theorem 1.15. Suppose that \n\n\n\n\nf\ni\n\n\n\ni\n=\n1\n,\n…\nn\n\n\n\n are \n\nn\n\n positive, continuous, and decreasing functions on \n\n\na\nb\n\n.\n\n Then, the following inequality
holds for any \n\na\n<\nt\n≤\nb\n,\nα\n>\n0\n,\nδ\n>\n0\n,\n\nβ\n≥\n\nγ\np\n\n>\n0\n,\n\n where \n\np\n\n is a fixed integer in \n\n\n1\n2\n…\nn\n\n\n.
Remark 1.16. Applying Theorem 1.15 for \n\nα\n=\n1\n,\nt\n=\nb\n,\nn\n=\n1\n,\n\n we obtain Theorem 3 in [27].
\n
Using other sufficient conditions, we prove the following generalization.
\n
Theorem 1.17. Suppose that \n\n\n\n\nf\ni\n\n\n\ni\n=\n1\n,\n…\nn\n\n\n\n are positive, continuous, and decreasing functions on \n\n\na\nb\n\n.\n\n Then for any fixed \n\np\n\n in \n\n\n1\n2\n…\nn\n\n\n and for any \n\na\n<\nt\n≤\nb\n,\nα\n>\n0\n,\nω\n>\n0\n,\nδ\n>\n0\n,\nβ\n≥\n\nγ\np\n\n>\n0\n,\n\n we have
Proof: Multiplying both sides of (23) by \n\n\n\n\n\nt\n−\nρ\n\n\n\nω\n−\n1\n\n\n\nΓ\n\nω\n\n\n\n\n∏\n\ni\n=\n1\n\nn\n\n\nf\ni\n\nγ\ni\n\n\n\nρ\n\n,\nω\n>\n0\n,\n\n then integrating the resulting inequality with respect to \n\nρ\n\n over \n\n\na\nt\n\n,\na\n<\nt\n≤\nb\n\n and using Fubini’s theorem, we obtain the desired inequality.
\n
Remark 1.18.
Applying Theorem 1.17 for \n\nα\n=\nω\n,\n\n we obtain Theorem 1.15.
Applying Theorem 1.17 for \n\nα\n=\nω\n=\n1\n,\nt\n=\nb\n,\nn\n=\n1\n,\n\n we obtain Theorem 3 of [27].
\n\n
Introducing a positive increasing function \n\ng\n\n to the family \n\n\n\n\nf\ni\n\n\n\ni\n=\n1\n,\n…\nn\n\n\n\n, we establish the following theorem.
\n
Theorem 1.19. Let \n\n\n\n\nf\ni\n\n\n\ni\n=\n1\n,\n…\nn\n\n\n\n and \n\ng\n\n be positive continuous functions on \n\n\na\nb\n\n,\n\n such that \n\ng\n\n is increasing and \n\n\n\n\nf\ni\n\n\n\ni\n=\n1\n,\n…\nn\n\n\n\n are decreasing on \n\n\na\nb\n\n.\n\n Then, the following inequality
holds for any \n\na\n<\nt\n≤\nb\n,\nα\n>\n0\n,\nδ\n>\n0\n,\nβ\n≥\n\nγ\np\n\n>\n0\n,\n\n where \n\np\n\n is a fixed integer in \n\n\n1\n2\n…\nn\n\n.\n\n\n
\n
Remark 1.20. Applying Theorem 1.19 for \n\nα\n=\n1\n,\nt\n=\nb\n,\nn\n=\n1\n,\n\n we obtain Theorem 4 of [27].
\n
\n
\n
3.3 Some estimations on random variables
\n
\n
3.3.1 Bounds for fractional moments of beta distribution
\n
In what follows, we present some fractional results on the beta distribution [23]. So let us prove the following \n\nα\n−\n\nversion.
\n
Theorem 1.21. Let \n\nX\n,\nY\n,\nU\n\n, and \n\nV\n\n be four random variables, such that \n\nX\n∼\nB\n\np\nq\n\n,\nY\n∼\nB\n\nm\nn\n\n,\nU\n∼\nB\n\np\nn\n\n\n, and \n\nV\n∼\nB\n\nm\nq\n\n\n. If \n\n\n\np\n−\nm\n\n\n\n\nq\n−\nn\n\n\n≤\n0\n\n, then
For the proof of this result, we can apply a weighted version of the fractional Chebyshev inequality as is mentioned in [1].
\n
Remark 1.22. The above theorem generalizes Theorem 3.1 of [7].
\n
We propose also the following \n\n\nα\nβ\n\n−\n\nversion that generalizes the above result. We have
\n
Theorem 1.23. Let \n\nX\n,\nY\n,\nU\n\n, and \n\nV\n\n be four random variables, such that \n\nX\n∼\nB\n\np\nq\n\n,\nY\n∼\nB\n\nm\nn\n\n,\nU\n∼\nB\n\np\nn\n\n\n, and \n\nV\n∼\nB\n\nm\nq\n\n\n. If \n\n\n\np\n−\nm\n\n\n\n\nq\n−\nn\n\n\n≤\n0\n\n, then
Remark 1.24. If \n\nα\n=\nβ\n=\n1\n\n, then the above theorem reduces to Theorem 3.1 of [7].
\n
\n
\n
3.3.2 Identities and lower bounds
\n
In the following theorem, the fractional covariance of \n\nX\n\n and \n\ng\n\nX\n\n\n is expressed with the derivative of \n\ng\n\nX\n\n\n. It can be considered as a generalization of a covariance identity established by the authors of [28]. So, we prove the result:
\n
Theorem 1.25. Let \n\nX\n\n be a random variable having a \n\np\n.\nd\n.\nf\n\n defined on \n\n\na\nb\n\n;\n\n\n\n\nμ\n=\nE\n\nX\n\n\n. Then, we have
We can prove this result by the application of the covariance definition in the case where \n\nω\n\nx\n\n=\n1\n.\n\n\n
\n
The following theorem establishes a lower bound for \n\n\nVar\nα\n\n\n\n\ng\n\nX\n\n\n\n\n of any function \n\ng\n∈\n\nC\n1\n\n\n\na\nb\n\n\n\n. We have
\n
Theorem 1.26. Let \n\nX\n\n be a random variable having a \n\np\n.\nd\n.\nf\n\n defined on \n\n\na\nb\n\n\n, such that \n\nμ\n=\nE\n\nX\n\n\n. Then, we have
To prove this result, we use fractional Cauchy-Schwarz inequality established in [29].
\n
Remark 1.27. Let us consider \n\nΩ\n∈\nC\n\n\na\nb\n\n\n\n that satisfies \n\n\n∫\na\nx\n\n\n\n\nb\n−\nt\n\n\n\nα\n−\n1\n\n\n\n\nμ\n−\nt\n\n\nf\n\nt\n\ndt\n=\n\n\n\nb\n−\nx\n\n\n\nα\n−\n1\n\n\n\nσ\n2\n\nΩ\n\nx\n\n\nf\n\nx\n\n\n. Then, we present the following result.
\n
Theorem 1.28. Let \n\nX\n\n be a random variable having a \n\np\n.\nd\n.\nf\n.\n\n defined on \n\n\na\nb\n\n,\n\n such that \n\nμ\n=\nE\n\nX\n\n,\n\nσ\n2\n\n=\nVar\n\nX\n\n\n and \n\nΩ\n∈\nC\n\n\na\nb\n\n\n;\n\n∫\na\nx\n\n\n\n\nb\n−\nt\n\n\n\nα\n−\n1\n\n\n\n\nμ\n−\nt\n\n\n\nf\n\nt\n\ndt\n=\n\n\n\nb\n−\nx\n\n\n\nα\n−\n1\n\n\n\nσ\n2\n\nΩ\n\nx\n\n\nf\n\nx\n\n\n. Then, we have
We end this section by proving the following fractional integral identity between covariance and expectation in the fractional case.
\n
Theorem 1.30. Let \n\nX\n\n be a continuous random variable with a \n\np\n.\nd\n.\nf\n.\n\n having a support an interval \n\n\na\nb\n\n\n, \n\nE\n\nX\n\n=\nμ\n\n. Then, for any \n\nα\n≥\n1\n\n, the following general covariance identity holds
where \n\ng\n∈\n\nC\n1\n\n\n\na\nb\n\n\n\n, with \n\nE\n∣\nZ\n\nX\n\n\ng\n′\n\n\nX\n\n∣\n<\n∞\n,\nh\n\nx\n\n\n is a given function and \n\nZ\n\nx\n\nf\n\nx\n\n\n\n\n\nb\n−\nx\n\n\n\nα\n−\n1\n\n\n\nΓ\n\nα\n\n\n\n=\n\n∫\na\nx\n\n\n\nE\n\n\nh\n\nX\n\n\n\n−\nh\n\nt\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nb\n−\nt\n\n\n\nα\n−\n1\n\n\n\nΓ\n\nα\n\n\n\nf\n\nt\n\ndt\n.\n\n\n
Remark 1.31. Taking \n\nα\n=\n1\n\n, in the above theorem, we obtain Theorem 2.2 of [10].
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
4. A class of differential equations of fractional order
\n
Inspired by the work in [4, 20], in what follows we will be concerned with a more general class of Langevin equations of fractional order. The considered class will contain a nonlinearity that depends on a fractional derivative of order \n\nδ\n.\n\n So, let us consider the following problem:
where \n\n\n\n\nc\n\n\nD\nα\n\n\n denotes the Caputo fractional derivative of fractional order \n\nα\n\n, \n\n\nD\n2\n\n\n is the two-order classical derivative, \n\nf\n:\n\n0\n1\n\n×\nR\n×\nR\n→\nR\n\n is a given function, and \n\nβ\n∈\nR\n\n, such that \n\nβsin\n\nλη\n\n≠\nsin\n\nλ\n\n.\n\n\n
Using the above integral representation (43), we can prove the following existence and uniqueness theorem.
\n
Theorem 1.33. Assume that the following hypotheses are valid:
\n
(H1): The function \n\nf\n:\n\n0\n1\n\n×\nR\n×\nR\n→\nR\n\n is continuous, and there exist two constants \n\n\nΛ\n1\n\n,\n\nΛ\n2\n\n>\n0\n,\n\n such that for all \n\nt\n∈\n\n0\n1\n\n\n and \n\n\nu\ni\n\n,\n\nv\ni\n\n∈\nR\n,\ni\n=\n1\n,\n2\n,\n\n\n
Thanks to steps 1, 2, and 3 and by Schaefer fixed point theorem, the operator \n\nT\n\n has at least one fixed point. This ends the proof of the above theorem.
\n
\n
\n
\n
5. Conclusions
\n
In this chapter, the fractional calculus has been applied for some classes of integral inequalities. In fact, using Riemann-Liouville integral, some Minkowski and Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities have been established. Several other fractional integral results involving a family of positive functions have been also generated. The obtained results generalizes some classical integral inequalities in the literature. In this chapter, we have also presented some applications on continuous random variables; new identities have been established, and some estimates have been discussed.
\n
The existence and the uniqueness of solutions for nonlocal boundary value problem including the Langevin equations with two fractional parameters have been studied. We have used Caputo approach together with Banach contraction principle to prove the existence and uniqueness result. Then, by application of Schaefer fixed point theorem, another existence result has been also proved. Our approach is simple to apply for a variety of real-world problems.
\n
\n\n',keywords:"fractional calculus, fixed point, Riemann-Liouville integral, Caputo derivative, integral inequality",chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/71053.pdf",chapterXML:"https://mts.intechopen.com/source/xml/71053.xml",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/71053",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/71053",totalDownloads:647,totalViews:0,totalCrossrefCites:1,dateSubmitted:"August 28th 2019",dateReviewed:"January 10th 2020",datePrePublished:"February 12th 2020",datePublished:"June 17th 2020",dateFinished:"February 12th 2020",readingETA:"0",abstract:"In this chapter, fractional calculus is used to develop some results on integral inequalities and differential equations. We develop some results related to the Hermite-Hadamard inequality. Then, we establish other integral results related to the Minkowski inequality. We continue to present our results by establishing new classes of fractional integral inequalities using a family of positive functions; these classes of inequalities can be considered as generalizations of order \n\nn\n\n for some other classical/fractional integral results published recently. As applications on inequalities, we generate new lower bounds estimating the fractional expectations and variances for the beta random variable. Some classical covariance identities, which correspond to the classical case, are generalised for any \n\nα\n≥\n1\n,\nβ\n≥\n1\n\n. For the part of differential equations, we present a contribution that allow us to develop a class of fractional chaotic electrical circuit. We prove recent results for the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of Langevin-type equation. Then, by establishing some sufficient conditions, another result for the existence of at least one solution is also discussed.",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/71053",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/71053",signatures:"Zoubir Dahmani and Meriem Mansouria Belhamiti",book:{id:"7785",type:"book",title:"Functional Calculus",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Functional Calculus",slug:"functional-calculus",publishedDate:"June 17th 2020",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Baver Okutmuştur",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7785.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:"978-1-83880-008-6",printIsbn:"978-1-83880-007-9",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-904-1",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:null,sections:[{id:"sec_1",title:"1. Introduction",level:"1"},{id:"sec_2",title:"2. Preliminaries on fractional calculus",level:"1"},{id:"sec_3",title:"3. Some integral inequalities",level:"1"},{id:"sec_3_2",title:"3.1 On Minkowski and Hermite-Hadamard fractional inequalities",level:"2"},{id:"sec_4_2",title:"3.2 A family of fractional integral inequalities",level:"2"},{id:"sec_5_2",title:"3.3 Some estimations on random variables",level:"2"},{id:"sec_5_3",title:"3.3.1 Bounds for fractional moments of beta distribution",level:"3"},{id:"sec_6_3",title:"3.3.2 Identities and lower bounds",level:"3"},{id:"sec_9",title:"4. A class of differential equations of fractional order",level:"1"},{id:"sec_9_2",title:"4.1 Integral representation",level:"2"},{id:"sec_10_2",title:"4.2 Existence and uniqueness of solutions",level:"2"},{id:"sec_11_2",title:"4.3 Existence of solutions",level:"2"},{id:"sec_13",title:"5. Conclusions",level:"1"}],chapterReferences:[{id:"B1",body:'\nBelarbi S, Dahmani Z. On some new fractional integral inequalities. Journal of Inequalities in Pure and Applied Mathematics. 2009;10(3):1-12\n'},{id:"B2",body:'\nKilbas AA, Srivastava M, Trujillo JJ. Theory and Applications of Fractional Differential Equations. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V; 2006\n'},{id:"B3",body:'\nPodlubny I. Fractional Differential Equations: An Introduction to Fractional Derivatives, Fractional Differential Equations, to Methods of Their Solution and Some of Their Applications. San Diego: Academic Press; 1999\n'},{id:"B4",body:'\nSalem A, Alzahrani F, Almaghamsi L. Fractional Langevin equation with nonlocal integral boundary condition. Mathematics. 2019;7:110\n'},{id:"B5",body:'\nBarnett NS, Cerone P, Dragomir SS, Roumeliotis J. Some inequalities for the expectation and variance of a random variable whose PDF is n-time diferentiable. Journal of Inequalities in Pure and Applied Mathematics. 2000;1(21):1-29\n'},{id:"B6",body:'\nBarnett NS, Cerone P, Dragomir SS, Roumeliotis J. Some inequalities for the dispersion of a random variable whose PDF is defined on a finite interval. Journal of Inequalities in Pure and Applied Mathematics. 2001;2(1):1-18\n'},{id:"B7",body:'\nKumar P, Singh SP, Dragomir SS. Some inequalities involving beta and gamma functions. Nonlinear Analysis Forum. 2001;6(1):143-150\n'},{id:"B8",body:'\nKumar P. Moment inequalities of a random variable defined over a finite interval. Journal of Inequalities in Pure and Applied Mathematics. 2002;3(3):1-24\n'},{id:"B9",body:'\nKumar P. Inequalities involving moments of a continuous random variable defined over a finite interval. Computers and Mathematics with Applications. 2004;48:257-273\n'},{id:"B10",body:'\nMohtashami Borzadaran GR, Shanbhag DN. Further results based on Chernoff-type inequalities. Statistics & Probability Letters. 1998;39:109-117\n'},{id:"B11",body:'\nNiezgoda M. New bounds for moments of continuous random variables. Computers & Mathematcs with Applications. 2010;60(12):3130-3138\n'},{id:"B12",body:'\nSharma R, Devi S, Kapoor G, Ram S, Barnett NS. A brief note on some bounds connecting lower order moments for random variables defined on a finite interval. International Journal of Applied Science and Research. 2009;1(2):83-85\n'},{id:"B13",body:'\nDahmani Z. Fractional integral inequalities for continuous random variables. Malaya Journal of Matematik. 2014;2(2):172-179\n'},{id:"B14",body:'\nDahmani Z, Tabharit L. On weighted Gruss type inequalities via fractional integrals. Journal of Advanced Research in Pure Mathematics. 2010;2(4):31-38\n'},{id:"B15",body:'\nDahmani Z, Bouziane AE, Houas M, Sarikaya MZ. New w-weighted concepts for continuous random variables with applications. Note di Matematica. 2017;37(1):2340\n'},{id:"B16",body:'\nSarikaya MZ, Yaldiz H. New generalization fractional inequalities of Ostrowski-Gruss type. Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics. 2013;34(4):326-331\n'},{id:"B17",body:'\nSarikaya MZ, Yaldiz H, Basak N. New fractional inequalities of Ostrowski-Gruss type. Le Matematiche. 2014;69:227-235\n'},{id:"B18",body:'\nDahmani M, Anber A, Dahmani Z. Speech movements on vocal tract: Fractional nonlinear dynamics. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences. 2019;40(6):1307-1315\n'},{id:"B19",body:'\nMainradi F, Pironi P. The fractional Langevin equation: Brownian motion revisited. Extracta Mathematicae. 1996;11(1):140-154\n'},{id:"B20",body:'\nSalem A, Alzahrani F, Almaghamsi L. Langevin equation involving one fractional order with three point boundary conditions. Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Applications. 2019;12:791-798\n'},{id:"B21",body:'\nDahmani Z. On Minkowski and Hermite-Hadamard integral inequalities via fractional integration. Annals of Functional Analysis. 2010;1(1):51-58\n'},{id:"B22",body:'\nDahmani Z. New classes of integral inequalities of fractional order. Le Matematiche. 2014;LXIX(1):237-247\n'},{id:"B23",body:'\nDahmani Z. New identities and lower bounds for CUD and beta distributions. ROMAI Journal. 2019\n'},{id:"B24",body:'\nGorenflo R, Mainardi F. Fractional Calculus: Integral and Differential Equations of Fractional Order. Wien: Springer Verlag; 1997. pp. 223-276\n'},{id:"B25",body:'\nBougoffa L. On Minkowski and Hardy integral inequality. Journal of Inequalities in Pure and Applied Mathematics. 2003;7(2):60\n'},{id:"B26",body:'\nSet E, Ozdemir ME, Dragomir SS. On the Hermite-Hadamard inequality and other integral inequalities involving two functions. Journal of Inequalities and Applications. 2010:148102. DOI: 10.1155/2010/148102\n'},{id:"B27",body:'\nLiu W, Ngo QA, Huy VN. Several interesting integral inequalities. Journal of Mathematical Inequalities. 2009;10(2):201-212\n'},{id:"B28",body:'\nCaccoulos T, Papathanasiou V. Characterizations of distribution by variance bounds. Statistics & Probability Letters. 1989;7:351-356\n'},{id:"B29",body:'\nDahmani Z. About some integral inequalities using Riemann-Liouville integrals. General Mathematics. 2012;20(4):63-69\n'}],footnotes:[],contributors:[{corresp:"yes",contributorFullName:"Zoubir Dahmani",address:"zzdahmani@yahoo.fr",affiliation:'
Laboratory LMPA, Faculty of SEI, UMAB, University of Mostaganem, Algeria
Department of Math-Info, Faculty of SEI, University of Mostaganem, Algeria
'}],corrections:null},book:{id:"7785",type:"book",title:"Functional Calculus",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Functional Calculus",slug:"functional-calculus",publishedDate:"June 17th 2020",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Baver Okutmuştur",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7785.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:"978-1-83880-008-6",printIsbn:"978-1-83880-007-9",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-904-1",isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},profile:{item:{id:"161183",title:"Mr.",name:"Cédric",middleName:null,surname:"Leboucher",email:"cedric.leboucher@mbda-systems.com",fullName:"Cédric Leboucher",slug:"cedric-leboucher",position:null,biography:null,institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",totalCites:0,totalChapterViews:"0",outsideEditionCount:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalEditedBooks:"0",personalWebsiteURL:null,twitterURL:null,linkedinURL:null,institution:{name:"MBDA (France)",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},booksEdited:[],chaptersAuthored:[{id:"42284",title:"A Two-Step Optimisation Method for Dynamic Weapon Target Assignment Problem",slug:"a-two-step-optimisation-method-for-dynamic-weapon-target-assignment-problem",abstract:null,signatures:"Cédric Leboucher, Hyo-Sang Shin, Patrick Siarry, Rachid Chelouah, Stéphane Le Ménec and Antonios Tsourdos",authors:[{id:"161176",title:"Prof.",name:"Patrick",surname:"Siarry",fullName:"Patrick Siarry",slug:"patrick-siarry",email:"siarry@u-pec.fr"},{id:"161183",title:"Mr.",name:"Cédric",surname:"Leboucher",fullName:"Cédric Leboucher",slug:"cedric-leboucher",email:"cedric.leboucher@mbda-systems.com"},{id:"161184",title:"Dr.",name:"Hyo-Sang",surname:"Shin",fullName:"Hyo-Sang Shin",slug:"hyo-sang-shin",email:"h.shin@cranfield.ac.uk"},{id:"161186",title:"Dr.",name:"Stéphane",surname:"Le Ménec",fullName:"Stéphane Le Ménec",slug:"stephane-le-menec",email:"stephane.le-menec@mbda-systems.com"},{id:"161187",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonios",surname:"Tsourdos",fullName:"Antonios Tsourdos",slug:"antonios-tsourdos",email:"a.tsourdos@cranfield.ac.uk"},{id:"161190",title:"Dr.",name:"Rachid",surname:"Chelouah",fullName:"Rachid Chelouah",slug:"rachid-chelouah",email:"rachid.chelouah@eisti.eu"}],book:{id:"3135",title:"Recent Advances on Meta-Heuristics and Their Application to Real Scenarios",slug:"recent-advances-on-meta-heuristics-and-their-application-to-real-scenarios",productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume"}}}],collaborators:[{id:"155426",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Fernando",surname:"Sandoya",slug:"fernando-sandoya",fullName:"Fernando Sandoya",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/155426/images/3342_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Ecuador"}}},{id:"156076",title:"D.Sc.",name:"Dalessandro",surname:"Vianna",slug:"dalessandro-vianna",fullName:"Dalessandro Vianna",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Fluminense Federal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"157525",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Alejandra",surname:"Cruz-Bernal",slug:"alejandra-cruz-bernal",fullName:"Alejandra Cruz-Bernal",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad de Guanajuato",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"159614",title:"MSc.",name:"Igor Carlos",surname:"Pulini",slug:"igor-carlos-pulini",fullName:"Igor Carlos Pulini",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Cândido Mendes",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"160012",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos Bazilio",surname:"Martins",slug:"carlos-bazilio-martins",fullName:"Carlos Bazilio Martins",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Fluminense Federal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"161176",title:"Prof.",name:"Patrick",surname:"Siarry",slug:"patrick-siarry",fullName:"Patrick Siarry",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Paris 12 Val de Marne University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"161184",title:"Dr.",name:"Hyo-Sang",surname:"Shin",slug:"hyo-sang-shin",fullName:"Hyo-Sang Shin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Cranfield University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"161186",title:"Dr.",name:"Stéphane",surname:"Le Ménec",slug:"stephane-le-menec",fullName:"Stéphane Le Ménec",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"MBDA (France)",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"161187",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonios",surname:"Tsourdos",slug:"antonios-tsourdos",fullName:"Antonios Tsourdos",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Cranfield University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"161190",title:"Dr.",name:"Rachid",surname:"Chelouah",slug:"rachid-chelouah",fullName:"Rachid Chelouah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null}]},generic:{page:{slug:"our-story",title:"Our story",intro:"
The company was founded in Vienna in 2004 by Alex Lazinica and Vedran Kordic, two PhD students researching robotics. While completing our PhDs, we found it difficult to access the research we needed. So, we decided to create a new Open Access publisher. A better one, where researchers like us could find the information they needed easily. The result is IntechOpen, an Open Access publisher that puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers.
",metaTitle:"Our story",metaDescription:"The company was founded in Vienna in 2004 by Alex Lazinica and Vedran Kordic, two PhD students researching robotics. While completing our PhDs, we found it difficult to access the research we needed. So, we decided to create a new Open Access publisher. A better one, where researchers like us could find the information they needed easily. The result is IntechOpen, an Open Access publisher that puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/our-story",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"
We started by publishing journals and books from the fields of science we were most familiar with - AI, robotics, manufacturing and operations research. Through our growing network of institutions and authors, we soon expanded into related fields like environmental engineering, nanotechnology, computer science, renewable energy and electrical engineering, Today, we are the world’s largest Open Access publisher of scientific research, with over 4,200 books and 54,000 scientific works including peer-reviewed content from more than 116,000 scientists spanning 161 countries. Our authors range from globally-renowned Nobel Prize winners to up-and-coming researchers at the cutting edge of scientific discovery.
\\n\\n
In the same year that IntechOpen was founded, we launched what was at the time the first ever Open Access, peer-reviewed journal in its field: the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems (IJARS).
\\n\\n
The IntechOpen timeline
\\n\\n
2004
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Intech Open is founded in Vienna, Austria, by Alex Lazinica and Vedran Kordic, two PhD students, and their first Open Access journals and books are published.
\\n\\t
Alex and Vedran launch the first Open Access, peer-reviewed robotics journal and IntechOpen’s flagship publication, the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems (IJARS).
\\n
\\n\\n
2005
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
IntechOpen publishes its first Open Access book: Cutting Edge Robotics.
\\n
\\n\\n
2006
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
IntechOpen publishes a special issue of IJARS, featuring contributions from NASA scientists regarding the Mars Exploration Rover missions.
\\n
\\n\\n
2008
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Downloads milestone: 200,000 downloads reached
\\n
\\n\\n
2009
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Publishing milestone: the first 100 Open Access STM books are published
\\n
\\n\\n
2010
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Downloads milestone: one million downloads reached
\\n\\t
IntechOpen expands its book publishing into a new field: medicine.
\\n
\\n\\n
2011
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Publishing milestone: More than five million downloads reached
\\n\\t
IntechOpen publishes 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Harold W. Kroto’s “Strategies to Successfully Cross-Link Carbon Nanotubes”. Find it here.
\\n\\t
IntechOpen and TBI collaborate on a project to explore the changing needs of researchers and the evolving ways that they discover, publish and exchange information. The result is the survey “Author Attitudes Towards Open Access Publishing: A Market Research Program”.
\\n\\t
IntechOpen hosts SHOW - Share Open Access Worldwide; a series of lectures, debates, round-tables and events to bring people together in discussion of open source principles, intellectual property, content licensing innovations, remixed and shared culture and free knowledge.
\\n
\\n\\n
2012
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Publishing milestone: 10 million downloads reached
\\n\\t
IntechOpen holds Interact2012, a free series of workshops held by figureheads of the scientific community including Professor Hiroshi Ishiguro, director of the Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, who took the audience through some of the most impressive human-robot interactions observed in his lab.
\\n
\\n\\n
2013
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
IntechOpen joins the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) as part of a commitment to guaranteeing the highest standards of publishing.
\\n
\\n\\n
2014
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
IntechOpen turns 10, with more than 30 million downloads to date.
\\n\\t
IntechOpen appoints its first Regional Representatives - members of the team situated around the world dedicated to increasing the visibility of our authors’ published work within their local scientific communities.
\\n
\\n\\n
2015
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Downloads milestone: More than 70 million downloads reached, more than doubling since the previous year.
\\n\\t
Publishing milestone: IntechOpen publishes its 2,500th book and 40,000th Open Access chapter, reaching 20,000 citations in Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science.
\\n\\t
40 IntechOpen authors are included in the top one per cent of the world’s most-cited researchers.
\\n\\t
Thomson Reuters’ ISI Web of Science Book Citation Index begins indexing IntechOpen’s books in its database.
\\n
\\n\\n
2016
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
IntechOpen is identified as a world leader in Simba Information’s Open Access Book Publishing 2016-2020 report and forecast. IntechOpen came in as the world’s largest Open Access book publisher by title count.
\\n
\\n\\n
2017
\\n\\n
\\n\\t
Downloads milestone: IntechOpen reaches more than 100 million downloads
\\n\\t
Publishing milestone: IntechOpen publishes its 3,000th Open Access book, making it the largest Open Access book collection in the world
We started by publishing journals and books from the fields of science we were most familiar with - AI, robotics, manufacturing and operations research. Through our growing network of institutions and authors, we soon expanded into related fields like environmental engineering, nanotechnology, computer science, renewable energy and electrical engineering, Today, we are the world’s largest Open Access publisher of scientific research, with over 4,200 books and 54,000 scientific works including peer-reviewed content from more than 116,000 scientists spanning 161 countries. Our authors range from globally-renowned Nobel Prize winners to up-and-coming researchers at the cutting edge of scientific discovery.
\n\n
In the same year that IntechOpen was founded, we launched what was at the time the first ever Open Access, peer-reviewed journal in its field: the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems (IJARS).
\n\n
The IntechOpen timeline
\n\n
2004
\n\n
\n\t
Intech Open is founded in Vienna, Austria, by Alex Lazinica and Vedran Kordic, two PhD students, and their first Open Access journals and books are published.
\n\t
Alex and Vedran launch the first Open Access, peer-reviewed robotics journal and IntechOpen’s flagship publication, the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems (IJARS).
\n
\n\n
2005
\n\n
\n\t
IntechOpen publishes its first Open Access book: Cutting Edge Robotics.
\n
\n\n
2006
\n\n
\n\t
IntechOpen publishes a special issue of IJARS, featuring contributions from NASA scientists regarding the Mars Exploration Rover missions.
\n
\n\n
2008
\n\n
\n\t
Downloads milestone: 200,000 downloads reached
\n
\n\n
2009
\n\n
\n\t
Publishing milestone: the first 100 Open Access STM books are published
\n
\n\n
2010
\n\n
\n\t
Downloads milestone: one million downloads reached
\n\t
IntechOpen expands its book publishing into a new field: medicine.
\n
\n\n
2011
\n\n
\n\t
Publishing milestone: More than five million downloads reached
\n\t
IntechOpen publishes 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Harold W. Kroto’s “Strategies to Successfully Cross-Link Carbon Nanotubes”. Find it here.
\n\t
IntechOpen and TBI collaborate on a project to explore the changing needs of researchers and the evolving ways that they discover, publish and exchange information. The result is the survey “Author Attitudes Towards Open Access Publishing: A Market Research Program”.
\n\t
IntechOpen hosts SHOW - Share Open Access Worldwide; a series of lectures, debates, round-tables and events to bring people together in discussion of open source principles, intellectual property, content licensing innovations, remixed and shared culture and free knowledge.
\n
\n\n
2012
\n\n
\n\t
Publishing milestone: 10 million downloads reached
\n\t
IntechOpen holds Interact2012, a free series of workshops held by figureheads of the scientific community including Professor Hiroshi Ishiguro, director of the Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, who took the audience through some of the most impressive human-robot interactions observed in his lab.
\n
\n\n
2013
\n\n
\n\t
IntechOpen joins the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) as part of a commitment to guaranteeing the highest standards of publishing.
\n
\n\n
2014
\n\n
\n\t
IntechOpen turns 10, with more than 30 million downloads to date.
\n\t
IntechOpen appoints its first Regional Representatives - members of the team situated around the world dedicated to increasing the visibility of our authors’ published work within their local scientific communities.
\n
\n\n
2015
\n\n
\n\t
Downloads milestone: More than 70 million downloads reached, more than doubling since the previous year.
\n\t
Publishing milestone: IntechOpen publishes its 2,500th book and 40,000th Open Access chapter, reaching 20,000 citations in Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science.
\n\t
40 IntechOpen authors are included in the top one per cent of the world’s most-cited researchers.
\n\t
Thomson Reuters’ ISI Web of Science Book Citation Index begins indexing IntechOpen’s books in its database.
\n
\n\n
2016
\n\n
\n\t
IntechOpen is identified as a world leader in Simba Information’s Open Access Book Publishing 2016-2020 report and forecast. IntechOpen came in as the world’s largest Open Access book publisher by title count.
\n
\n\n
2017
\n\n
\n\t
Downloads milestone: IntechOpen reaches more than 100 million downloads
\n\t
Publishing milestone: IntechOpen publishes its 3,000th Open Access book, making it the largest Open Access book collection in the world
\n
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rheinmetall (Germany)",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:13389},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:11661},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:4168},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:22334},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:2019},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:33642}],offset:12,limit:12,total:135275},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{topicId:"12"},books:[{type:"book",id:"10845",title:"Marine Ecosystems - Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Human Impacts",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"727e7eb3d4ba529ec5eb4f150e078523",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ana M.M. Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10845.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"320124",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana M.M.",surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"ana-m.m.-goncalves",fullName:"Ana M.M. Gonçalves"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11650",title:"Aquifers - New Insights",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"27c1a2a053cb1d83de903c5b969bc3a2",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Abhay Soni and Dr. Prabhat Jain",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11650.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"271093",title:"Dr.",name:"Abhay",surname:"Soni",slug:"abhay-soni",fullName:"Abhay Soni"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11668",title:"Mercury Pollution",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0bd111f57835089cad4a9741326dbab7",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ahmed Abdelhafez and Dr. Mohamed Abbas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11668.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"196849",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",surname:"Abdelhafez",slug:"ahmed-abdelhafez",fullName:"Ahmed Abdelhafez"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12130",title:"Sustainable Built Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ed1dbae71b967e06efb049208f0c1068",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12130.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12131",title:"Climate Change and Fires",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ea0858f07a3e87aaf9e5eaa75b4b44bd",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12131.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12180",title:"Wetlands",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"8957c5c2baaed32223f911a6d4aa5a03",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12180.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12221",title:"Air Pollution",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"439a018ee0c4960560cb798601f2a372",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12221.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12222",title:"Advances and Challenges in Microplastics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"a36734a551e0997d2255f6ce99eff818",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. El-Sayed Salama",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12222.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"347657",title:"Prof.",name:"El-Sayed",surname:"Salama",slug:"el-sayed-salama",fullName:"El-Sayed Salama"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12223",title:"Sustainable Management of Natural Resources",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"1881a08bbd8f5dc1102c5cb7c635bc35",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Mohd Nazip Suratman and Dr. Engku Azlin Rahayu Engku Ariff",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12223.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"144417",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohd Nazip",surname:"Suratman",slug:"mohd-nazip-suratman",fullName:"Mohd Nazip Suratman"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:27},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:16},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:42},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:68},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:5},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:9},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3737",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"Modelling, Programming and Simulations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"matlab-modelling-programming-and-simulations",bookSignature:"Emilson Pereira Leite",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3737.jpg",editors:[{id:"12051",title:"Prof.",name:"Emilson",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira Leite",slug:"emilson-pereira-leite",fullName:"Emilson Pereira Leite"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"1770",title:"Gel Electrophoresis",subtitle:"Principles and Basics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"279701f6c802cf02deef45103e0611ff",slug:"gel-electrophoresis-principles-and-basics",bookSignature:"Sameh Magdeldin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1770.jpg",editors:[{id:"123648",title:"Dr.",name:"Sameh",middleName:null,surname:"Magdeldin",slug:"sameh-magdeldin",fullName:"Sameh Magdeldin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4797},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7175,editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1981,editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10796",title:"Extracellular Vesicles",subtitle:"Role in Diseases, Pathogenesis and Therapy",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"eb5407fcf93baff7bca3fae5640153a2",slug:"extracellular-vesicles-role-in-diseases-pathogenesis-and-therapy",bookSignature:"Manash K. Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10796.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2308,editors:[{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1473,editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"95",title:"Applications and Experiences of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4bcb22b1eee68210a977a97d5a0f363a",slug:"applications-and-experiences-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Ognyan Ivanov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/95.jpg",publishedDate:"April 26th 2011",numberOfDownloads:318571,editors:[{id:"22230",title:"Prof.",name:"Ognyan",middleName:null,surname:"Ivanov",slug:"ognyan-ivanov",fullName:"Ognyan Ivanov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",publishedDate:"September 26th 2012",numberOfDownloads:271836,editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3560",title:"Advances in Landscape Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a20614517ec5f7e91188fe8e42832138",slug:"advances-in-landscape-architecture",bookSignature:"Murat Özyavuz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3560.jpg",publishedDate:"July 1st 2013",numberOfDownloads:243450,editors:[{id:"93073",title:"Dr.",name:"Murat",middleName:null,surname:"Ozyavuz",slug:"murat-ozyavuz",fullName:"Murat Ozyavuz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10739",title:"Global Decline of Insects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"543783652b9092962a8fa4bed38eeb17",slug:"global-decline-of-insects",bookSignature:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10739.jpg",publishedDate:"July 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1582,editors:[{id:"192142",title:"Dr.",name:"Hamadttu",middleName:null,surname:"Abdel Farag El-Shafie",slug:"hamadttu-abdel-farag-el-shafie",fullName:"Hamadttu Abdel Farag El-Shafie"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10911",title:"Higher Education",subtitle:"New Approaches to Accreditation, Digitalization, and Globalization in the Age of Covid",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"223a02337498e535e967174c1f648fbc",slug:"higher-education-new-approaches-to-accreditation-digitalization-and-globalization-in-the-age-of-covid",bookSignature:"Lee Waller and Sharon Waller",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10911.jpg",publishedDate:"July 13th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2082,editors:[{id:"263301",title:"Dr.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"lee-waller",fullName:"Lee Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",publishedDate:"October 17th 2012",numberOfDownloads:256294,editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11328",title:"Botulinum Toxin",subtitle:"Recent Topics and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7dd05a316001cef143e209eda51387a7",slug:"botulinum-toxin-recent-topics-and-applications",bookSignature:"Suna Sabuncuoglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11328.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"270856",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Suna",middleName:null,surname:"Sabuncuoglu",slug:"suna-sabuncuoglu",fullName:"Suna Sabuncuoglu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11085",title:"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",subtitle:"Functional Investigation and Clinical Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3066dd3ff29e1fac072fd60b08d4d3e7",slug:"polycystic-ovary-syndrome-functional-investigation-and-clinical-application",bookSignature:"Zhengchao Wang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11085.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"204883",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhengchao",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"zhengchao-wang",fullName:"Zhengchao Wang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10833",title:"Tumor Angiogenesis and Modulators",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f29b575c46128b2da061ef7f9bd1070b",slug:"tumor-angiogenesis-and-modulators",bookSignature:"Ke Xu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10833.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"59529",title:"Dr.",name:"Ke",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",slug:"ke-xu",fullName:"Ke Xu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11356",title:"Molecular Cloning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"671c629dd86e97f0fb467b9e70e92296",slug:"molecular-cloning",bookSignature:"Sadık Dincer, Hatice Aysun Mercimek Takcı and Melis Sumengen Ozdenef",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11356.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"188141",title:"Prof.",name:"Sadik",middleName:null,surname:"Dincer",slug:"sadik-dincer",fullName:"Sadik Dincer"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7827",title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ebf41f4d17c75010eb3294cc8cac3d47",slug:"interpersonal-relationships",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7827.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",middleName:null,surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10908",title:"Advances in Decision Making",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"126486f7f91e18e2e3539a32c38be7b1",slug:"advances-in-decision-making",bookSignature:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10908.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"22844",title:"Prof.",name:"Fausto Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"García Márquez",slug:"fausto-pedro-garcia-marquez",fullName:"Fausto Pedro García Márquez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10669",title:"Corrosion",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Protection Mechanisms",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4a76d54f8a40fc2e7002a8d13fd617c1",slug:"corrosion-fundamentals-and-protection-mechanisms",bookSignature:"Fahmina Zafar, Anujit Ghosal and Eram Sharmin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10669.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"89672",title:"Dr.",name:"Fahmina",middleName:null,surname:"Zafar",slug:"fahmina-zafar",fullName:"Fahmina Zafar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10677",title:"Advanced Topics of Topology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bf964c52f9e653fac20a7fcab58070e5",slug:"advanced-topics-of-topology",bookSignature:"Francisco Bulnes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10677.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"92918",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco",middleName:null,surname:"Bulnes",slug:"francisco-bulnes",fullName:"Francisco Bulnes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11195",title:"Recent Advances in Biometrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2d32e33e0f499cb5241734bb75dd2a83",slug:"recent-advances-in-biometrics",bookSignature:"Muhammad Sarfraz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11195.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editors:[{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"348",title:"Ichthyology",slug:"agricultural-and-biological-sciences-marine-biology-ichthyology",parent:{id:"40",title:"Marine Biology",slug:"agricultural-and-biological-sciences-marine-biology"},numberOfBooks:2,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:39,numberOfWosCitations:51,numberOfCrossrefCitations:30,numberOfDimensionsCitations:64,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"348",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"5895",title:"Chondrichthyes",subtitle:"Multidisciplinary Approach",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b1860c7ca50c0cf7b5442fe1539fa3a0",slug:"chondrichthyes-multidisciplinary-approach",bookSignature:"Luis Fernando da Silva Rodrigues Filho and João Bráullio de Luna Sales",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5895.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"104512",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigues-Filho",slug:"luis-fernando-rodrigues-filho",fullName:"Luis Fernando Rodrigues-Filho"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5210",title:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1c78e2a5e686279a30ed3fb640769dad",slug:"fisheries-and-aquaculture-in-the-modern-world",bookSignature:"Heimo Mikkola",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5210.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"144330",title:"Dr.",name:"Heimo",middleName:"Juhani",surname:"Mikkola",slug:"heimo-mikkola",fullName:"Heimo Mikkola"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:2,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"50559",doi:"10.5772/63026",title:"Oil and Gas Platforms in the Gulf of Mexico: Their Relationship to Fish and Fisheries",slug:"oil-and-gas-platforms-in-the-gulf-of-mexico-their-relationship-to-fish-and-fisheries",totalDownloads:1663,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:15,abstract:"There are over 2300 standing oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). It has been argued that platforms provide reef-like habitat that increases the growth and survival rates of fishes by increasing prey availability and affording shelter for protection from predators, provide additional spawning substrate, and by acting as a visual attractant for organisms not otherwise dependent upon hard bottom. Platforms differ from most natural habitats, and from traditional artificial reefs, in that their vertical profile extends upward through the water column into the photic zone and the sea surface. Increased habitat quality on, or immediately around, oil and gas platforms are thought to be derived from increased in situ food production associated with encrustation by fouling organisms. In this chapter, we address the issue of how to evaluate the role of artificial reefs by first establishing levels of evaluation for individual fish species found on oil and gas platforms in the GOM. The levels of evaluation relate to the amount and adequacy of the available information, which was populated with an extensive literature and data search. Three levels of assessment are established, analogous to the levels of analysis established National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries for identification of Essential Fish Habitat. More than 1300 documents, including reports, stock assessments, other gray literature, and papers published in the primary literature, were used to complete this chapter. When available, published literature was the preferred source of information.",book:{id:"5210",slug:"fisheries-and-aquaculture-in-the-modern-world",title:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World",fullTitle:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World"},signatures:"James H. Cowan and Kenneth A. Rose",authors:[{id:"139993",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:"Howard",surname:"Cowan, Jr.",slug:"james-cowan-jr.",fullName:"James Cowan, Jr."}]},{id:"50363",doi:"10.5772/62876",title:"The Brown Seaweeds Fishery in Chile",slug:"the-brown-seaweeds-fishery-in-chile",totalDownloads:1754,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:10,abstract:"Chilean fishery of brown algae includes species belonging to the genus Lessonia, Durvillaea, and Macrocystis, which can be found along the coast, ranging latitudes from 18° to 55°S. The exploitation of these seaweeds is done mainly in the Northern coast because the environmental conditions of this region decrease initial production costs. Brown algae are exploited from natural populations and exported to international markets as row material, source of alginates, widely utilized in diverse manufacturing processes and industries. International demand for Chilean kelps has produced sustained increase in harvest during the last decade, reaching more than 390,000 dry tons/year. This chapter approaches the most relevant aspects of the brown seaweed fishery in Chile which covers a wide range of the Southeast Pacific coast, considering the number of commercial species, its abundance and distribution, knowledge achieved on their ecology and biology regarding management, and conservation of these resources, and finally, provides tools for stakeholders and policy makers directed to sustainable management of natural kelp beds occurring in the cold temperate seas.",book:{id:"5210",slug:"fisheries-and-aquaculture-in-the-modern-world",title:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World",fullTitle:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World"},signatures:"Julio A. Vásquez",authors:[{id:"180745",title:"Dr.",name:"Julio",middleName:null,surname:"Vásquez",slug:"julio-vasquez",fullName:"Julio Vásquez"}]},{id:"55984",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.69471",title:"Deep-Water Sharks, Rays, and Chimaeras of Brazil",slug:"deep-water-sharks-rays-and-chimaeras-of-brazil",totalDownloads:1614,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:9,abstract:"The deep-water fishery in Brazil is currently in expansion due to depletion of most neritic economic species. This increasing deep-water effort brings concern on the bycatch impact, its specific composition, the need for capture’s evaluation and development of bycatch reduction devices. The impact is particularly aggressive on deep-water elasmobranchs, which have an extreme ecological k-strategy due to their reproductive constraints (lower fecundity and late first maturity age). Scientific deep-water surveys and intensive research programs (REVIZEE) along the past decade indicate that Brazilian elasmobranch diversity is higher than previously imagined. However, the deep-water fishery threatens this poorly known community of sharks and rays on the Brazilian continental slope as they become bycatch of a fast-growing and uncontrolled fishery. The recent study case of the monkfish (Lophius gastrophysus) fishery dynamics, well presented and discussed by the Brazilian scientific community, provided evidence of the need of bycatch-specific monitoring programs and fast-response fishery regulations. The present work discusses the Brazilian deep-water elasmobranch bycatch problem under the light of its biological diversity and completely unknown population status. Suggestions and management considerations are presented in order to coordinate and manage the establishment and growth of this deep-water fishery in Brazil.",book:{id:"5895",slug:"chondrichthyes-multidisciplinary-approach",title:"Chondrichthyes",fullTitle:"Chondrichthyes - Multidisciplinary Approach"},signatures:"Getulio Rincon, Rodrigo Cordeiro Mazzoleni, Ana Rita Onodera\nPalmeira and Rosangela Lessa",authors:[{id:"205621",title:"Dr.",name:"Getulio",middleName:null,surname:"Rincon",slug:"getulio-rincon",fullName:"Getulio Rincon"},{id:"206465",title:"MSc.",name:"Rodrigo",middleName:null,surname:"Mazzoleni",slug:"rodrigo-mazzoleni",fullName:"Rodrigo Mazzoleni"},{id:"206466",title:"MSc.",name:"Ana Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Palmeira",slug:"ana-rita-palmeira",fullName:"Ana Rita Palmeira"},{id:"206467",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosangela",middleName:null,surname:"Lessa",slug:"rosangela-lessa",fullName:"Rosangela Lessa"}]},{id:"56228",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70028",title:"A Review of the Mitogenomic Phylogeny of the Chondrichthyes",slug:"a-review-of-the-mitogenomic-phylogeny-of-the-chondrichthyes",totalDownloads:1483,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:9,abstract:"The phylogenetic analysis of the Chondrichthyes has been the subject of intense debate over the past two decades. The principal relationships within the group based on the analysis of morphological traits are inconsistent with the available molecular topologies, and the phylogeny of these animals is highly controversial, at all levels, ranging from superorders to families and even the genera within families. With the recent development of new generation sequencing (NGS), many phylogenies are now being inferred based on the complete genome of the species. In 2015 and 2016 alone, around 21 new elasmobranch genomes were made available in GenBank. In this context, the principal objective of the present study was to infer the phylogeny of the sharks and rays based on the complete mitochondrial genomes available in the literature. A total of 73 mitogenomes of chondrichthyan species were analyzed. The phylogenetic trees generated rejected the “Hypnosqualea” hypothesis and confirmed the monophyly of the Neoselachii and Batoidea as sister groups of the sharks. These mitogenomic analyses provided ampler and more complete insights into the relationships between the sharks and rays, in particular, the topologies obtained by the analyses revealed a number of incongruities in certain groups of sharks and rays, and the interrelationships between them.",book:{id:"5895",slug:"chondrichthyes-multidisciplinary-approach",title:"Chondrichthyes",fullTitle:"Chondrichthyes - Multidisciplinary Approach"},signatures:"Divino Bruno da Cunha, Luis Fernando da Silva Rodrigues‐Filho and\nJoão Bráullio de Luna Sales",authors:[{id:"104512",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigues-Filho",slug:"luis-fernando-rodrigues-filho",fullName:"Luis Fernando Rodrigues-Filho"},{id:"205219",title:"Dr.",name:"Divino Bruno",middleName:null,surname:"Da Cunha",slug:"divino-bruno-da-cunha",fullName:"Divino Bruno Da Cunha"},{id:"205690",title:"Dr.",name:"João Bráullio De",middleName:null,surname:"Luna Sales",slug:"joao-braullio-de-luna-sales",fullName:"João Bráullio De Luna Sales"}]},{id:"52331",doi:"10.5772/64252",title:"Setting Up Traceability Tools for the Indonesian Blue Swimming Crab Fishery: A Case Study in Southeast Sulawesi",slug:"setting-up-traceability-tools-for-the-indonesian-blue-swimming-crab-fishery-a-case-study-in-southeas",totalDownloads:1694,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"The Indonesian blue swimming crab fishery developed rapidly during the 1990s to become an important source of income for coastal communities. The blue swimming crab (BSC) in 2015 is the third highest export commodity in Indonesia, primarily to USA markets. Southeast (SE) Sulawesi is a relatively minor area for blue swimming crab production (approximately 1200–2000 mt per annum), in which only a subset of Asosiasi Pengelolaan Rajungan Indonesia (APRI) members are active, and it may be a conducive region in which to conduct a pilot activity to form a fisheries management structure that demonstrates the benefits that can be achieved via collaboration. The control document (CD) is a traceability and documentation process to be implemented by all of the segments of the supply chain (collectors/cooking stations, miniplants, and processors) in order to promote compliance to new Ministry and Marine Affair (MMAF) regulations and generate the records and documents of the supply chain application and verification of the new regulations. The self-recorded logbook by the fishermen and miniplant, as the point in the supply chain, could help with a meaningful and long-term solution to the fishery management in Southeast Sulawesi. This is the first trial of CD in Indonesia and could be a good model for BSC fishery in other region in Indonesia.",book:{id:"5210",slug:"fisheries-and-aquaculture-in-the-modern-world",title:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World",fullTitle:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World"},signatures:"Hawis Madduppa, Zairion, Siti Nuraini, Kuncoro Nugroho and\nBambang Arif Nugraha",authors:[{id:"180161",title:"Dr.",name:"Hawis",middleName:null,surname:"Madduppa",slug:"hawis-madduppa",fullName:"Hawis Madduppa"},{id:"185944",title:"Dr.",name:"Zairion",middleName:null,surname:"Zairion",slug:"zairion-zairion",fullName:"Zairion Zairion"},{id:"185945",title:"Mrs.",name:"Siti",middleName:null,surname:"Nuraini",slug:"siti-nuraini",fullName:"Siti Nuraini"},{id:"185946",title:"Mr.",name:"Bambang Arif",middleName:null,surname:"Nugraha",slug:"bambang-arif-nugraha",fullName:"Bambang Arif Nugraha"},{id:"185947",title:"Mr.",name:"Kuncoro Catur",middleName:null,surname:"Nugroho",slug:"kuncoro-catur-nugroho",fullName:"Kuncoro Catur Nugroho"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"50289",title:"Effect of Special Fish Feed Prepared Using Food Industrial Waste on Labeo rohita",slug:"effect-of-special-fish-feed-prepared-using-food-industrial-waste-on-labeo-rohita",totalDownloads:2298,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"All food processing industries generate wastes of varying nature in significant quantities. Managing these wastes so as to minimize the impact on the environment is the prime concern. The concept of waste has undergone much change in recent times, with the focus being on utilizing the waste materials as inputs for generation of new or reusable products. Vegetable and fruit wastes are generated in significant quantities and are easily available at minimal charge. The comparative utilization of these wastes as a dietary ingredient was assessed employing the Labeo rohita fingerlings as the test species. The study was conducted over a period of 60 days. Orange peels and potato peels are characterized, and then, formulation of orange peel feed (OPF) and potato peel feed (PPF) was carried out. Market common fish feed (CFF) was taken as a control. The three test diets were designated as CFF, OPF and PPF. Feeding was done once daily. The water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, water temperature pH, total alkalinity, total hardness; calcium hardness and magnesium hardness as well as growth response were monitored at fortnightly intervals. The quality of water was maintained by periodic partial replenishment over the period of study. On termination of the trial, higher growth response was recorded in the PPF treatment. The initial and final weight and length of fishes was recorded. The results shows significant growth in PPF and OPF showed brighter body scales than other two feed. Fishes were very healthy and normal throughout the study period indicating no adverse effect on their health. No infection whatsoever was noted during 60 days of experimental period.",book:{id:"5210",slug:"fisheries-and-aquaculture-in-the-modern-world",title:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World",fullTitle:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World"},signatures:"Sanyogita R. Verma and Shanta Satyanarayan",authors:[{id:"183699",title:"Dr.",name:"Verma",middleName:"Rajroop",surname:"Sanyogita",slug:"verma-sanyogita",fullName:"Verma Sanyogita"},{id:"185353",title:"Dr.",name:"Shanta",middleName:null,surname:"Satyanarayan",slug:"shanta-satyanarayan",fullName:"Shanta Satyanarayan"}]},{id:"51124",title:"Fishery Status and Taxonomy of the Carangids (Pisces) in the Northern Arabian Sea Coast of Pakistan",slug:"fishery-status-and-taxonomy-of-the-carangids-pisces-in-the-northern-arabian-sea-coast-of-pakistan",totalDownloads:1980,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"The objectives of this study were i) to evaluate number of existing members of the family Carangidae in the area ii) to establish a distinguishable and lucid key based on the taxonomic characteristics, meristic count and otolith description. In this study, thirty-six species were collected from the main fish landing facilities between 2012~2015. Fish body colour, taxonomic characteristics, fin rays and otolith shape description were used to identify each species. Otolith description comprises of shape of ostium, sulcus and margins of anterior and posterior surface along with distinct definite shape possess by each species make it easier for identification.",book:{id:"5210",slug:"fisheries-and-aquaculture-in-the-modern-world",title:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World",fullTitle:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World"},signatures:"Nazia Qamar, Sher Khan Panhwar and Ghazala Siddiqui",authors:[{id:"182414",title:"Dr.",name:"Sher Khan",middleName:null,surname:"Panhwar",slug:"sher-khan-panhwar",fullName:"Sher Khan Panhwar"},{id:"184264",title:"Dr.",name:"Nazia",middleName:null,surname:"Qamar",slug:"nazia-qamar",fullName:"Nazia Qamar"},{id:"184265",title:"Prof.",name:"Ghazala",middleName:null,surname:"Siddiqui",slug:"ghazala-siddiqui",fullName:"Ghazala Siddiqui"}]},{id:"50583",title:"Trawl Selectivity in the Barents Sea Demersal Fishery",slug:"trawl-selectivity-in-the-barents-sea-demersal-fishery",totalDownloads:1716,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"This chapter provides a general overview of the Barents Sea demersal trawl fishery. First, it reviews historical catch levels and current biomass status of four commercially important demersal species (cod, haddock, Greenland halibut, and redfish) and includes an overview of their management plan that has been carried out by the Joint Norwegian–Russian commission. Then, it presents the evolution of the technical regulations for improving size selectivity in this fishery and describes current challenges in gear selectivity. Later, this chapter describes the concept of size selectivity, introduces the selective parameters that define a selection curve, and progressively introduces different parametric models that describe the selection process. The most common experimental methods and gear used to collect selectivity data are described, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, this chapter describes an alternative, or a complementary method, to the conventional estimation of trawl selectivity—the FISHSELECT method. This method is based on morphology measurements and fish penetration models to estimate the selective properties of different mesh shapes and sizes at different mesh openings, which are later used to provide simulation-based prediction of size selectivity. FISHSELECT has already been applied to four important species of the Barents Sea Demersal Fishery, and the results have in all cases showed to be coherent with the results obtained from sea trial results.",book:{id:"5210",slug:"fisheries-and-aquaculture-in-the-modern-world",title:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World",fullTitle:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World"},signatures:"Eduardo Grimaldo, Manu Sistiaga, Bent Herrmann and Roger B.\nLarsen",authors:[{id:"107079",title:"Dr.",name:"Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Grimaldo",slug:"eduardo-grimaldo",fullName:"Eduardo Grimaldo"},{id:"185311",title:"Dr.",name:"Manu",middleName:null,surname:"Sistiaga",slug:"manu-sistiaga",fullName:"Manu Sistiaga"},{id:"185312",title:"Dr.",name:"Bent",middleName:null,surname:"Herrmann",slug:"bent-herrmann",fullName:"Bent Herrmann"},{id:"185313",title:"Prof.",name:"Roger B.",middleName:null,surname:"Larsen",slug:"roger-b.-larsen",fullName:"Roger B. Larsen"}]},{id:"50363",title:"The Brown Seaweeds Fishery in Chile",slug:"the-brown-seaweeds-fishery-in-chile",totalDownloads:1755,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:10,abstract:"Chilean fishery of brown algae includes species belonging to the genus Lessonia, Durvillaea, and Macrocystis, which can be found along the coast, ranging latitudes from 18° to 55°S. The exploitation of these seaweeds is done mainly in the Northern coast because the environmental conditions of this region decrease initial production costs. Brown algae are exploited from natural populations and exported to international markets as row material, source of alginates, widely utilized in diverse manufacturing processes and industries. International demand for Chilean kelps has produced sustained increase in harvest during the last decade, reaching more than 390,000 dry tons/year. This chapter approaches the most relevant aspects of the brown seaweed fishery in Chile which covers a wide range of the Southeast Pacific coast, considering the number of commercial species, its abundance and distribution, knowledge achieved on their ecology and biology regarding management, and conservation of these resources, and finally, provides tools for stakeholders and policy makers directed to sustainable management of natural kelp beds occurring in the cold temperate seas.",book:{id:"5210",slug:"fisheries-and-aquaculture-in-the-modern-world",title:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World",fullTitle:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World"},signatures:"Julio A. Vásquez",authors:[{id:"180745",title:"Dr.",name:"Julio",middleName:null,surname:"Vásquez",slug:"julio-vasquez",fullName:"Julio Vásquez"}]},{id:"50462",title:"Direction of Fisheries (SUISAN) Education from a Historical Perspective in Japan",slug:"direction-of-fisheries-suisan-education-from-a-historical-perspective-in-japan",totalDownloads:1450,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"Fishing, aquaculture, and food processing is collectively referred to as “SUISAN”, and the term was translated to “fisheries” in the Meiji period. Fisheries education in Japan was at its dawn. Fisheries education was necessary for improvement of local fisheries subsistence. Fisheries education was performed, centering on nurturing of mid-career engineers for deep-sea fishing after 1950s. However, when the Heisei period in the 1990s started, “participatory = citizen involvement type fisheries education” was promoted extensively. Future establishment of a Japanese version of Sea Grants is desired to promote citizen involvement in fisheries education with systematized involvement of universities, research institutions, aquaria, and local people.",book:{id:"5210",slug:"fisheries-and-aquaculture-in-the-modern-world",title:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World",fullTitle:"Fisheries and Aquaculture in the Modern World"},signatures:"Tsuyoshi Sasaki",authors:[{id:"180712",title:"Dr.",name:"Tsuyoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Sasaki",slug:"tsuyoshi-sasaki",fullName:"Tsuyoshi Sasaki"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"348",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:140,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:123,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:22,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",issn:"2632-0983",scope:"Biochemistry, the study of chemical transformations occurring within living organisms, impacts all areas of life sciences, from molecular crystallography and genetics to ecology, medicine, and population biology. Biochemistry examines macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids – and their building blocks, structures, functions, and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins, and hormones, which play roles in life processes. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting classical chemistry methods, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation, etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the ‘big data’ omics systems. Initial biochemical studies have been exclusively analytic: dissecting, purifying, and examining individual components of a biological system; in the apt words of Efraim Racker (1913 –1991), “Don’t waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes.” Today, however, biochemistry is becoming more agglomerative and comprehensive, setting out to integrate and describe entirely particular biological systems. The ‘big data’ metabolomics can define the complement of small molecules, e.g., in a soil or biofilm sample; proteomics can distinguish all the comprising proteins, e.g., serum; metagenomics can identify all the genes in a complex environment, e.g., the bovine rumen. This Biochemistry Series will address the current research on biomolecules and the emerging trends with great promise.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/11.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 2nd, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:33,editor:{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",slug:"miroslav-blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"10",title:"Animal Physiology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/10.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",biography:"Catrin Rutland is an Associate Professor of Anatomy and Developmental Genetics at the University of Nottingham, UK. She obtained a BSc from the University of Derby, England, a master’s degree from Technische Universität München, Germany, and a Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham. She undertook a post-doctoral research fellowship in the School of Medicine before accepting tenure in Veterinary Medicine and Science. Dr. Rutland also obtained an MMedSci (Medical Education) and a Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE). She is the author of more than sixty peer-reviewed journal articles, twelve books/book chapters, and more than 100 research abstracts in cardiovascular biology and oncology. She is a board member of the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Fellow of the Anatomical Society, and Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Dr. Rutland has also written popular science books for the public. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-4898. www.nottingham.ac.uk/vet/people/catrin.rutland",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"11",title:"Cell Physiology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/11.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"133493",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Catala",slug:"angel-catala",fullName:"Angel Catala",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/133493/images/3091_n.jpg",biography:"Prof. Dr. Angel Catalá \r\nShort Biography Angel Catalá was born in Rodeo (San Juan, Argentina). He studied \r\nchemistry at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, where received aPh.D. degree in chemistry (Biological Branch) in 1965. From\r\n1964 to 1974, he worked as Assistant in Biochemistry at the School of MedicineUniversidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. From 1974 to 1976, he was a Fellowof the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the University of Connecticut, Health Center, USA. From 1985 to 2004, he served as a Full Professor oBiochemistry at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. He is Member ofthe National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina, and Argentine Society foBiochemistry and Molecular Biology (SAIB). His laboratory has been interested for manyears in the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes from various tissues and different species. Professor Catalá has directed twelve doctoral theses, publishedover 100 papers in peer reviewed journals, several chapters in books andtwelve edited books. Angel Catalá received awards at the 40th InternationaConference Biochemistry of Lipids 1999: Dijon (France). W inner of the Bimbo PanAmerican Nutrition, Food Science and Technology Award 2006 and 2012, South AmericaHuman Nutrition, Professional Category. 2006 award in pharmacology, Bernardo\r\nHoussay, in recognition of his meritorious works of research. Angel Catalá belongto the Editorial Board of Journal of lipids, International Review of Biophysical ChemistryFrontiers in Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, World Journal oExperimental Medicine and Biochemistry Research International, W orld Journal oBiological Chemistry, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Diabetes and thePancreas, International Journal of Chronic Diseases & Therapy, International Journal oNutrition, Co-Editor of The Open Biology Journal.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Argentina"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"12",title:"Human Physiology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/12.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"195829",title:"Prof.",name:"Kunihiro",middleName:null,surname:"Sakuma",slug:"kunihiro-sakuma",fullName:"Kunihiro Sakuma",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/195829/images/system/195829.jpg",biography:"Professor Kunihiro Sakuma, Ph.D., currently works in the Institute for Liberal Arts at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. He is a physiologist working in the field of skeletal muscle. He was awarded his sports science diploma in 1995 by the University of Tsukuba and began his scientific work at the Department of Physiology, Aichi Human Service Center, focusing on the molecular mechanism of congenital muscular dystrophy and normal muscle regeneration. His interest later turned to the molecular mechanism and attenuating strategy of sarcopenia (age-related muscle atrophy). His opinion is to attenuate sarcopenia by improving autophagic defects using nutrient- and pharmaceutical-based treatments.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Tokyo Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},editorTwo:{id:"331519",title:"Dr.",name:"Kotomi",middleName:null,surname:"Sakai",slug:"kotomi-sakai",fullName:"Kotomi Sakai",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000031QtFXQA0/Profile_Picture_1637053227318",biography:"Senior researcher Kotomi Sakai, Ph.D., MPH, works at the Research Organization of Science and Technology in Ritsumeikan University. She is a researcher in the geriatric rehabilitation and public health field. She received Ph.D. from Nihon University and MPH from St.Luke’s International University. Her main research interest is sarcopenia in older adults, especially its association with nutritional status. Additionally, to understand how to maintain and improve physical function in older adults, to conduct studies about the mechanism of sarcopenia and determine when possible interventions are needed.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ritsumeikan University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},editorThree:null},{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/13.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"332229",title:"Prof.",name:"Jen-Tsung",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",slug:"jen-tsung-chen",fullName:"Jen-Tsung Chen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/332229/images/system/332229.png",biography:"Dr. Jen-Tsung Chen is currently a professor at the National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He teaches cell biology, genomics, proteomics, medicinal plant biotechnology, and plant tissue culture. Dr. Chen\\'s research interests include bioactive compounds, chromatography techniques, in vitro culture, medicinal plants, phytochemicals, and plant biotechnology. He has published more than ninety scientific papers and serves as an editorial board member for Plant Methods, Biomolecules, and International Journal of Molecular Sciences.",institutionString:"National University of Kaohsiung",institution:{name:"National University of Kaohsiung",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:16,paginationItems:[{id:"82135",title:"Carotenoids in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105210",signatures:"Lovina I. Udoh, Josephine U. Agogbua, Eberechi R. Keyagha and Itorobong I. Nkanga",slug:"carotenoids-in-cassava-manihot-esculenta-crantz",totalDownloads:15,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Carotenoids - New Perspectives and Application",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10836.jpg",subseries:{id:"13",title:"Plant Physiology"}}},{id:"82112",title:"Comparative Senescence and Lifespan",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105137",signatures:"Hassan M. Heshmati",slug:"comparative-senescence-and-lifespan",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Hassan M.",surname:"Heshmati"}],book:{title:"Mechanisms and Management of Senescence",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10935.jpg",subseries:{id:"11",title:"Cell Physiology"}}},{id:"81796",title:"Apoptosis-Related Diseases and Peroxisomes",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105052",signatures:"Meimei Wang, Yakun Liu, Ni Chen, Juan Wang and Ye Zhao",slug:"apoptosis-related-diseases-and-peroxisomes",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"The Metabolic Role of Peroxisome in Health and Disease",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10837.jpg",subseries:{id:"11",title:"Cell Physiology"}}},{id:"81723",title:"Peroxisomal Modulation as Therapeutic Alternative for Tackling Multiple Cancers",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104873",signatures:"Shazia Usmani, Shadma Wahab, Abdul Hafeez, Shabana Khatoon and Syed Misbahul Hasan",slug:"peroxisomal-modulation-as-therapeutic-alternative-for-tackling-multiple-cancers",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"The Metabolic Role of Peroxisome in Health and Disease",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10837.jpg",subseries:{id:"11",title:"Cell Physiology"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:14,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7264",title:"Calcium and Signal Transduction",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7264.jpg",slug:"calcium-and-signal-transduction",publishedDate:"October 24th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"John N. Buchholz and Erik J. Behringer",hash:"e373a3d1123dbd45fddf75d90e3e7c38",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Calcium and Signal Transduction",editors:[{id:"89438",title:"Dr.",name:"John N.",middleName:null,surname:"Buchholz",slug:"john-n.-buchholz",fullName:"John N. Buchholz",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89438/images/6463_n.jpg",biography:"Full Professor and Vice Chair, Division of Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine. He received his B.S. Degree in Biology at La Sierra University, Riverside California (1980) and a PhD in Pharmacology from Loma Linda University School of Medicine (1988). Post-Doctoral Fellow at University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine 1989-1992 with a focus on autonomic nerve function in blood vessels and the impact of aging on the function of these nerves and overall blood vessel function. Twenty years of research funding and served on NIH R01 review panels, Editor-In-Chief of Edorium Journal of Aging Research. Serves as a peer reviewer for biomedical journals. Military Reserve Officer serving with the 100 Support Command, 100 Troop Command, 40 Infantry Division, CA National Guard.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Loma Linda University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"6925",title:"Endoplasmic Reticulum",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6925.jpg",slug:"endoplasmic-reticulum",publishedDate:"April 17th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Angel Català",hash:"a9e90d2dbdbc46128dfe7dac9f87c6b4",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Endoplasmic Reticulum",editors:[{id:"196544",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Catala",slug:"angel-catala",fullName:"Angel Catala",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196544/images/system/196544.jpg",biography:"Angel Catalá studied chemistry at Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, where he received a Ph.D. in Chemistry (Biological Branch) in 1965. From 1964 to 1974, he worked as an Assistant in Biochemistry at the School of Medicine at the same university. From 1974 to 1976, he was a fellow of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at the University of Connecticut, Health Center, USA. From 1985 to 2004, he served as a Full Professor of Biochemistry at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. He is a member of the National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina, and the Argentine Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (SAIB). His laboratory has been interested for many years in the lipid peroxidation of biological membranes from various tissues and different species. Dr. Catalá has directed twelve doctoral theses, published more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed journals, several chapters in books, and edited twelve books. He received awards at the 40th International Conference Biochemistry of Lipids 1999 in Dijon, France. He is the winner of the Bimbo Pan-American Nutrition, Food Science and Technology Award 2006 and 2012, South America, Human Nutrition, Professional Category. In 2006, he won the Bernardo Houssay award in pharmacology, in recognition of his meritorious works of research. Dr. Catalá belongs to the editorial board of several journals including Journal of Lipids; International Review of Biophysical Chemistry; Frontiers in Membrane Physiology and Biophysics; World Journal of Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry Research International; World Journal of Biological Chemistry, Diabetes, and the Pancreas; International Journal of Chronic Diseases & Therapy; and International Journal of Nutrition. He is the co-editor of The Open Biology Journal and associate editor for Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity.",institutionString:"Universidad Nacional de La Plata",institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Argentina"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"6924",title:"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6924.jpg",slug:"adenosine-triphosphate-in-health-and-disease",publishedDate:"April 24th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Gyula Mozsik",hash:"04106c232a3c68fec07ba7cf00d2522d",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease",editors:[{id:"58390",title:"Dr.",name:"Gyula",middleName:null,surname:"Mozsik",slug:"gyula-mozsik",fullName:"Gyula Mozsik",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/58390/images/system/58390.png",biography:"Gyula Mózsik MD, Ph.D., ScD (med), is an emeritus professor of Medicine at the First Department of Medicine, Univesity of Pécs, Hungary. He was head of this department from 1993 to 2003. His specializations are medicine, gastroenterology, clinical pharmacology, clinical nutrition, and dietetics. His research fields are biochemical pharmacological examinations in the human gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa, mechanisms of retinoids, drugs, capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves, and innovative pharmacological, pharmaceutical, and nutritional (dietary) research in humans. He has published about 360 peer-reviewed papers, 197 book chapters, 692 abstracts, 19 monographs, and has edited 37 books. He has given about 1120 regular and review lectures. He has organized thirty-eight national and international congresses and symposia. He is the founder of the International Conference on Ulcer Research (ICUR); International Union of Pharmacology, Gastrointestinal Section (IUPHAR-GI); Brain-Gut Society symposiums, and gastrointestinal cytoprotective symposiums. He received the Andre Robert Award from IUPHAR-GI in 2014. Fifteen of his students have been appointed as full professors in Egypt, Cuba, and Hungary.",institutionString:"University of Pécs",institution:{name:"University of Pecs",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Hungary"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"8008",title:"Antioxidants",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8008.jpg",slug:"antioxidants",publishedDate:"November 6th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Emad Shalaby",hash:"76361b4061e830906267933c1c670027",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Antioxidants",editors:[{id:"63600",title:"Prof.",name:"Emad",middleName:null,surname:"Shalaby",slug:"emad-shalaby",fullName:"Emad Shalaby",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63600/images/system/63600.png",biography:"Dr. Emad Shalaby is a professor of biochemistry on the Biochemistry Department Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. He\nreceived a short-term scholarship to carry out his post-doctoral\nstudies abroad, from Japan International Cooperation Agency\n(JICA), in coordination with the Egyptian government. Dr.\nShalaby speaks fluent English and his native Arabic. He has 77\ninternationally published research papers, has attended 15 international conferences, and has contributed to 18 international books and chapters.\nDr. Shalaby works as a reviewer on over one hundred international journals and is\non the editorial board of more than twenty-five international journals. He is a member of seven international specialized scientific societies, besides his local one, and\nhe has won seven prizes.",institutionString:"Cairo University",institution:{name:"Cairo University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:0,paginationItems:[]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:42,paginationItems:[{id:"82914",title:"Glance on the Critical Role of IL-23 Receptor Gene Variations in Inflammation-Induced Carcinogenesis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105049",signatures:"Mohammed El-Gedamy",slug:"glance-on-the-critical-role-of-il-23-receptor-gene-variations-in-inflammation-induced-carcinogenesis",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Chemokines Updates",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11672.jpg",subseries:{id:"18",title:"Proteomics"}}},{id:"82875",title:"Lipidomics as a Tool in the Diagnosis and Clinical Therapy",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105857",signatures:"María Elizbeth Alvarez Sánchez, Erick Nolasco Ontiveros, Rodrigo Arreola, Adriana Montserrat Espinosa González, Ana María García Bores, Roberto Eduardo López Urrutia, Ignacio Peñalosa Castro, María del Socorro Sánchez Correa and Edgar Antonio Estrella Parra",slug:"lipidomics-as-a-tool-in-the-diagnosis-and-clinical-therapy",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Fatty Acids - Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11669.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82440",title:"Lipid Metabolism and Associated Molecular Signaling Events in Autoimmune Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105746",signatures:"Mohan Vanditha, Sonu Das and Mathew John",slug:"lipid-metabolism-and-associated-molecular-signaling-events-in-autoimmune-disease",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Fatty Acids - Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11669.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82483",title:"Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105891",signatures:"Laura Mourino-Alvarez, Tamara Sastre-Oliva, Nerea Corbacho-Alonso and Maria G. Barderas",slug:"oxidative-stress-in-cardiovascular-diseases",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Importance of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Health and Disease",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11671.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"82751",title:"Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Interaction in Central Neurons",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105738",signatures:"Liliya Kushnireva and Eduard Korkotian",slug:"mitochondria-endoplasmic-reticulum-interaction-in-central-neurons",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Endoplasmic Reticulum",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11674.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"82709",title:"Fatty Acid Metabolism as a Tumor Marker",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106072",signatures:"Gatot Nyarumenteng Adhipurnawan Winarno",slug:"fatty-acid-metabolism-as-a-tumor-marker",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Fatty Acids - Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11669.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82716",title:"Advanced glycation end product induced endothelial dysfunction through ER stress: Unravelling the role of Paraoxonase 2",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.106018",signatures:"Ramya Ravi and Bharathidevi Subramaniam Rajesh",slug:"advanced-glycation-end-product-induced-endothelial-dysfunction-through-er-stress-unravelling-the-rol",totalDownloads:13,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Endoplasmic Reticulum",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11674.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"82388",title:"Epigenetics: Science of Changes without Change in DNA Sequences",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105039",signatures:"Jayisha Dhargawe, Rita Lakkakul and Pradip Hirapure",slug:"epigenetics-science-of-changes-without-change-in-dna-sequences",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Modifications of Biomolecules",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11098.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"82583",title:"Leukaemia: The Purinergic System and Small Extracellular Vesicles",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104326",signatures:"Arinzechukwu Ude and Kelechi Okeke",slug:"leukaemia-the-purinergic-system-and-small-extracellular-vesicles",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82531",title:"Abnormal Iron Metabolism and Its Effect on Dentistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104502",signatures:"Chinmayee Dahihandekar and Sweta Kale Pisulkar",slug:"abnormal-iron-metabolism-and-its-effect-on-dentistry",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Iron Metabolism - A Double-Edged Sword",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10842.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Chemical Biology",value:15,count:2,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Proteomics",value:18,count:2,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Cell and Molecular Biology",value:14,count:17,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Metabolism",value:17,count:18,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10808",title:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology",subtitle:"From Science to Clinical Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10808.jpg",slug:"current-concepts-in-dental-implantology-from-science-to-clinical-research",publishedDate:"July 27th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Dragana Gabrić and Marko Vuletić",hash:"4af8830e463f89c57515c2da2b9777b0",volumeInSeries:11,fullTitle:"Current Concepts in Dental Implantology - From Science to Clinical Research",editors:[{id:"26946",title:"Prof.",name:"Dragana",middleName:null,surname:"Gabrić",slug:"dragana-gabric",fullName:"Dragana Gabrić",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/26946/images/system/26946.png",institutionString:"University of Zagreb",institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Croatia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9493",title:"Periodontology",subtitle:"Fundamentals and Clinical Features",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9493.jpg",slug:"periodontology-fundamentals-and-clinical-features",publishedDate:"February 16th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Petra Surlin",hash:"dfe986c764d6c82ae820c2df5843a866",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Periodontology - Fundamentals and Clinical Features",editors:[{id:"171921",title:"Prof.",name:"Petra",middleName:null,surname:"Surlin",slug:"petra-surlin",fullName:"Petra Surlin",profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institutionString:"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova",institution:{name:"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9588",title:"Clinical Concepts and Practical Management Techniques in Dentistry",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9588.jpg",slug:"clinical-concepts-and-practical-management-techniques-in-dentistry",publishedDate:"February 9th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Aneesa Moolla",hash:"42deab8d3bcf3edf64d1d9028d42efd1",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Clinical Concepts and Practical Management Techniques in Dentistry",editors:[{id:"318170",title:"Dr.",name:"Aneesa",middleName:null,surname:"Moolla",slug:"aneesa-moolla",fullName:"Aneesa Moolla",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/318170/images/system/318170.png",institutionString:"University of the Witwatersrand",institution:{name:"University of the Witwatersrand",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8202",title:"Periodontal Disease",subtitle:"Diagnostic and Adjunctive Non-surgical Considerations",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8202.jpg",slug:"periodontal-disease-diagnostic-and-adjunctive-non-surgical-considerations",publishedDate:"February 5th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Nermin Mohammed Ahmed Yussif",hash:"0aee9799da7db2c732be44dd8fed16d8",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Periodontal Disease - Diagnostic and Adjunctive Non-surgical Considerations",editors:[{id:"210472",title:"Dr.",name:"Nermin",middleName:"Mohammed Ahmed",surname:"Yussif",slug:"nermin-yussif",fullName:"Nermin Yussif",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/210472/images/system/210472.jpg",institutionString:"MSA University",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8837",title:"Human Teeth",subtitle:"Key Skills and Clinical Illustrations",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8837.jpg",slug:"human-teeth-key-skills-and-clinical-illustrations",publishedDate:"January 22nd 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Zühre Akarslan and Farid Bourzgui",hash:"ac055c5801032970123e0a196c2e1d32",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Human Teeth - Key Skills and Clinical Illustrations",editors:[{id:"171887",title:"Prof.",name:"Zühre",middleName:null,surname:"Akarslan",slug:"zuhre-akarslan",fullName:"Zühre Akarslan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/171887/images/system/171887.jpg",institutionString:"Gazi University",institution:{name:"Gazi University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:{id:"52177",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid",middleName:null,surname:"Bourzgui",slug:"farid-bourzgui",fullName:"Farid Bourzgui",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/52177/images/system/52177.png",biography:"Prof. Farid Bourzgui obtained his DMD and his DNSO option in Orthodontics at the School of Dental Medicine, Casablanca Hassan II University, Morocco, in 1995 and 2000, respectively. Currently, he is a professor of Orthodontics. He holds a Certificate of Advanced Study type A in Technology of Biomaterials used in Dentistry (1995); Certificate of Advanced Study type B in Dento-Facial Orthopaedics (1997) from the Faculty of Dental Surgery, University Denis Diderot-Paris VII, France; Diploma of Advanced Study (DESA) in Biocompatibility of Biomaterials from the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (2002); Certificate of Clinical Occlusodontics from the Faculty of Dentistry of Casablanca (2004); University Diploma of Biostatistics and Perceptual Health Measurement from the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (2011); and a University Diploma of Pedagogy of Odontological Sciences from the Faculty of Dentistry of Casablanca (2013). He is the author of several scientific articles, book chapters, and books.",institutionString:"University of Hassan II Casablanca",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"7",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"University of Hassan II Casablanca",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Morocco"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7060",title:"Gingival Disease",subtitle:"A Professional Approach for Treatment and Prevention",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7060.jpg",slug:"gingival-disease-a-professional-approach-for-treatment-and-prevention",publishedDate:"October 23rd 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Alaa Eddin Omar Al Ostwani",hash:"b81d39988cba3a3cf746c1616912cf41",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Gingival Disease - A Professional Approach for Treatment and Prevention",editors:[{id:"240870",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Alaa Eddin Omar",middleName:null,surname:"Al Ostwani",slug:"alaa-eddin-omar-al-ostwani",fullName:"Alaa Eddin Omar Al Ostwani",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/240870/images/system/240870.jpeg",institutionString:"International University for Science and Technology.",institution:{name:"Islamic University of Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7572",title:"Trauma in Dentistry",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7572.jpg",slug:"trauma-in-dentistry",publishedDate:"July 3rd 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Serdar Gözler",hash:"7cb94732cfb315f8d1e70ebf500eb8a9",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Trauma in Dentistry",editors:[{id:"204606",title:"Dr.",name:"Serdar",middleName:null,surname:"Gözler",slug:"serdar-gozler",fullName:"Serdar Gözler",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/204606/images/system/204606.jpeg",institutionString:"Istanbul Aydin University",institution:{name:"Istanbul Aydın University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7139",title:"Current Approaches in Orthodontics",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7139.jpg",slug:"current-approaches-in-orthodontics",publishedDate:"April 10th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Belma Işık Aslan and Fatma Deniz Uzuner",hash:"2c77384eeb748cf05a898d65b9dcb48a",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Current Approaches in Orthodontics",editors:[{id:"42847",title:"Dr.",name:"Belma",middleName:null,surname:"Işik Aslan",slug:"belma-isik-aslan",fullName:"Belma Işik Aslan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/42847/images/system/42847.jpg",institutionString:"Gazi University Dentistry Faculty Department of Orthodontics",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6668",title:"Dental Caries",subtitle:"Diagnosis, Prevention and Management",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6668.jpg",slug:"dental-caries-diagnosis-prevention-and-management",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Zühre Akarslan",hash:"b0f7667770a391f772726c3013c1b9ba",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Dental Caries - Diagnosis, Prevention and Management",editors:[{id:"171887",title:"Prof.",name:"Zühre",middleName:null,surname:"Akarslan",slug:"zuhre-akarslan",fullName:"Zühre Akarslan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/171887/images/system/171887.jpg",institutionString:"Gazi University",institution:{name:"Gazi University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry",value:2,count:3},{group:"subseries",caption:"Oral Health",value:1,count:6}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:2},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:754,paginationItems:[{id:"310674",title:"Dr.",name:"Pravin",middleName:null,surname:"Kendrekar",slug:"pravin-kendrekar",fullName:"Pravin Kendrekar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/310674/images/system/310674.jpg",biography:"Dr. Pravin Kendrekar, MSc, MBA, Ph.D., is currently a visiting scientist at the Lipid Nanostructure Laboratory, University of Central Lancashire, England. He previously worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Israel; University of the Free State, South Africa; and Central University of Technology Bloemfontein, South Africa. He obtained his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan. He has published more than seventy-four journal articles and attended several national and international conferences as speaker and chair. Dr. Kendrekar has received many international awards. He has several funded projects, namely, anti-malaria drug development, MRSA, and SARS-CoV-2 activity of curcumin and its formulations. He has filed four patents in collaboration with the University of Central Lancashire and Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases. His present research includes organic synthesis, drug discovery and development, biochemistry, nanoscience, and nanotechnology.",institutionString:"Visiting Scientist at Lipid Nanostructures Laboratory, Centre for Smart Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire",institution:null},{id:"428125",title:"Dr.",name:"Vinayak",middleName:null,surname:"Adimule",slug:"vinayak-adimule",fullName:"Vinayak Adimule",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/428125/images/system/428125.jpg",biography:"Dr. Vinayak Adimule, MSc, Ph.D., is a professor and dean of R&D, Angadi Institute of Technology and Management, India. He has 15 years of research experience as a senior research scientist and associate research scientist in R&D organizations. He has published more than fifty research articles as well as several book chapters. He has two Indian patents and two international patents to his credit. Dr. Adimule has attended, chaired, and presented papers at national and international conferences. He is a guest editor for Topics in Catalysis and other journals. He is also an editorial board member, life member, and associate member for many international societies and research institutions. His research interests include nanoelectronics, material chemistry, artificial intelligence, sensors and actuators, bio-nanomaterials, and medicinal chemistry.",institutionString:"Angadi Institute of Technology and Management",institution:null},{id:"284317",title:"Prof.",name:"Kantharaju",middleName:null,surname:"Kamanna",slug:"kantharaju-kamanna",fullName:"Kantharaju Kamanna",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/284317/images/21050_n.jpg",biography:"Prof. K. Kantharaju has received Bachelor of science (PCM), master of science (Organic Chemistry) and Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry from Bangalore University. He worked as a Executive Research & Development @ Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad. He received DBT-postdoc fellow @ Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore under the supervision of Prof. P. Balaram, later he moved to NIH-postdoc researcher at Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA, after his return from postdoc joined NITK-Surthakal as a Adhoc faculty at department of chemistry. Since from August 2013 working as a Associate Professor, and in 2016 promoted to Profeesor in the School of Basic Sciences: Department of Chemistry and having 20 years of teaching and research experiences.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rani Channamma University, Belagavi",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"158492",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Tutar",slug:"yusuf-tutar",fullName:"Yusuf Tutar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/158492/images/system/158492.jpeg",biography:"Prof. Dr. Yusuf Tutar conducts his research at the Hamidiye Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Turkey. He is also a faculty member in the Molecular Oncology Program. He obtained his MSc and Ph.D. at Oregon State University and Texas Tech University, respectively. He pursued his postdoctoral studies at Rutgers University Medical School and the National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIDDK), USA. His research focuses on biochemistry, biophysics, genetics, molecular biology, and molecular medicine with specialization in the fields of drug design, protein structure-function, protein folding, prions, microRNA, pseudogenes, molecular cancer, epigenetics, metabolites, proteomics, genomics, protein expression, and characterization by spectroscopic and calorimetric methods.",institutionString:"University of Health Sciences",institution:null},{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",biography:"Hiroyuki Kagechika received his bachelor’s degree and Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Tokyo, Japan, where he served as an associate professor until 2004. He is currently a professor at the Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU). From 2010 to 2012, he was the dean of the Graduate School of Biomedical Science. Since 2012, he has served as the vice dean of the Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences. He has been the director of the IBB since 2020. Dr. Kagechika’s major research interests are the medicinal chemistry of retinoids, vitamins D/K, and nuclear receptors. He has developed various compounds including a drug for acute promyelocytic leukemia.",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"94311",title:"Prof.",name:"Martins",middleName:"Ochubiojo",surname:"Ochubiojo Emeje",slug:"martins-ochubiojo-emeje",fullName:"Martins Ochubiojo Emeje",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/94311/images/system/94311.jpeg",biography:"Martins Emeje obtained a BPharm with distinction from Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria, and an MPharm and Ph.D. from the University of Nigeria (UNN), where he received the best Ph.D. award and was enlisted as UNN’s “Face of Research.” He established the first nanomedicine center in Nigeria and was the pioneer head of the intellectual property and technology transfer as well as the technology innovation and support center. Prof. Emeje’s several international fellowships include the prestigious Raman fellowship. He has published more than 150 articles and patents. He is also the head of R&D at NIPRD and holds a visiting professor position at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria. He has a postgraduate certificate in Project Management from Walden University, Minnesota, as well as a professional teaching certificate and a World Bank certification in Public Procurement. Prof. Emeje was a national chairman of academic pharmacists in Nigeria and the 2021 winner of the May & Baker Nigeria Plc–sponsored prize for professional service in research and innovation.",institutionString:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",institution:{name:"National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"436430",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Mesut",middleName:null,surname:"Işık",slug:"mesut-isik",fullName:"Mesut Işık",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/436430/images/19686_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Bilecik University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"268659",title:"Ms.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/268659/images/8143_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Zhan received his undergraduate and graduate training in the fields of preventive medicine and epidemiology and statistics at the West China University of Medical Sciences in China during 1989 to 1999. He received his post-doctoral training in oncology and cancer proteomics for two years at the Cancer Research Institute of Human Medical University in China. In 2001, he went to the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) in USA, where he was a post-doctoral researcher and focused on mass spectrometry and cancer proteomics. Then, he was appointed as an Assistant Professor of Neurology, UTHSC in 2005. He moved to the Cleveland Clinic in USA as a Project Scientist/Staff in 2006 where he focused on the studies of eye disease proteomics and biomarkers. He returned to UTHSC as an Assistant Professor of Neurology in the end of 2007, engaging in proteomics and biomarker studies of lung diseases and brain tumors, and initiating the studies of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in cancer. In 2010, he was promoted to Associate Professor of Neurology, UTHSC. Currently, he is a Professor at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China, Fellow of Royal Society of Medicine (FRSM), the European EPMA National Representative in China, Regular Member of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), European Cooperation of Science and Technology (e-COST) grant evaluator, Associate Editors of BMC Genomics, BMC Medical Genomics, EPMA Journal, and Frontiers in Endocrinology, Executive Editor-in-Chief of Med One. He has\npublished 116 peer-reviewed research articles, 16 book chapters, 2 books, and 2 US patents. His current main research interest focuses on the studies of cancer proteomics and biomarkers, and the use of modern omics techniques and systems biology for PPPM in cancer, and on the development and use of 2DE-LC/MS for the large-scale study of human proteoforms.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Xiangya Hospital Central South University",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40482/images/system/40482.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Rizwan Ahmad is a University Professor and Coordinator, Quality and Development, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Previously, he was Associate Professor of Human Function, Oman Medical College, Oman, and SBS University, Dehradun. Dr. Ahmad completed his education at Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. He has published several articles in peer-reviewed journals, chapters, and edited books. His area of specialization is free radical biochemistry and autoimmune diseases.",institutionString:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institution:{name:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41865/images/system/41865.jpg",biography:"Farid A. Badria, Ph.D., is the recipient of several awards, including The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) Prize for Public Understanding of Science; the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Gold Medal for best invention; Outstanding Arab Scholar, Kuwait; and the Khwarizmi International Award, Iran. He has 250 publications, 12 books, 20 patents, and several marketed pharmaceutical products to his credit. He continues to lead research projects on developing new therapies for liver, skin disorders, and cancer. Dr. Badria was listed among the world’s top 2% of scientists in medicinal and biomolecular chemistry in 2019 and 2020. He is a member of the Arab Development Fund, Kuwait; International Cell Research Organization–United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICRO–UNESCO), Chile; and UNESCO Biotechnology France",institutionString:"Mansoura University",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",biography:"Dr. Singh received a BPharm (2003) and MPharm (2005) from Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, and a Ph.D. (2013) from Punjab Technical University (PTU), Jalandhar, India. He has more than sixteen years of teaching experience and has supervised numerous postgraduate and Ph.D. students. He has to his credit more than seventy papers in SCI- and SCOPUS-indexed journals, fifty-five conference proceedings, four books, six Best Paper Awards, and five projects from different government agencies. He is currently an editorial board member of eight international journals and a reviewer for more than fifty scientific journals. He received Top Reviewer and Excellent Peer Reviewer Awards from Publons in 2016 and 2017, respectively. He is also on the panel of The International Reviewer for reviewing research proposals for grants from the Royal Society. He also serves as a Publons Academy mentor and Bentham brand ambassador.",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"142388",title:"Dr.",name:"Thiago",middleName:"Gomes",surname:"Gomes Heck",slug:"thiago-gomes-heck",fullName:"Thiago Gomes Heck",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/142388/images/7259_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"336273",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Janja",middleName:null,surname:"Zupan",slug:"janja-zupan",fullName:"Janja Zupan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/336273/images/14853_n.jpeg",biography:"Janja Zupan graduated in 2005 at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (superviser prof. dr. Janja Marc) in the field of genetics of osteoporosis. Since November 2009 she is working as a Teaching Assistant at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry. In 2011 she completed part of her research and PhD work at Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh. She finished her PhD entitled The influence of the proinflammatory cytokines on the RANK/RANKL/OPG in bone tissue of osteoporotic and osteoarthritic patients in 2012. From 2014-2016 she worked at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Aberdeen as a postdoctoral research fellow on UK Arthritis research project where she gained knowledge in mesenchymal stem cells and regenerative medicine. She returned back to University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy in 2016. She is currently leading project entitled Mesenchymal stem cells-the keepers of tissue endogenous regenerative capacity facing up to aging of the musculoskeletal system funded by Slovenian Research Agency.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ljubljana",country:{name:"Slovenia"}}},{id:"357453",title:"Dr.",name:"Radheshyam",middleName:null,surname:"Maurya",slug:"radheshyam-maurya",fullName:"Radheshyam Maurya",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/357453/images/16535_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Hyderabad",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"418340",title:"Dr.",name:"Jyotirmoi",middleName:null,surname:"Aich",slug:"jyotirmoi-aich",fullName:"Jyotirmoi Aich",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038Ugi5QAC/Profile_Picture_2022-04-15T07:48:28.png",biography:"Biotechnologist with 15 years of research including 6 years of teaching experience. Demonstrated record of scientific achievements through consistent publication record (H index = 13, with 874 citations) in high impact journals such as Nature Communications, Oncotarget, Annals of Oncology, PNAS, and AJRCCM, etc. Strong research professional with a post-doctorate from ACTREC where I gained experimental oncology experience in clinical settings and a doctorate from IGIB where I gained expertise in asthma pathophysiology. A well-trained biotechnologist with diverse experience on the bench across different research themes ranging from asthma to cancer and other infectious diseases. An individual with a strong commitment and innovative mindset. Have the ability to work on diverse projects such as regenerative and molecular medicine with an overall mindset of improving healthcare.",institutionString:"DY Patil Deemed to Be University",institution:null},{id:"349288",title:"Prof.",name:"Soumya",middleName:null,surname:"Basu",slug:"soumya-basu",fullName:"Soumya Basu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035QxIDQA0/Profile_Picture_2022-04-15T07:47:01.jpg",biography:"Soumya Basu, Ph.D., is currently working as an Associate Professor at Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India. With 16+ years of trans-disciplinary research experience in Drug Design, development, and pre-clinical validation; 20+ research article publications in journals of repute, 9+ years of teaching experience, trained with cross-disciplinary education, Dr. Basu is a life-long learner and always thrives for new challenges.\r\nHer research area is the design and synthesis of small molecule partial agonists of PPAR-γ in lung cancer. She is also using artificial intelligence and deep learning methods to understand the exosomal miRNA’s role in cancer metastasis. Dr. Basu is the recipient of many awards including the Early Career Research Award from the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. She is a reviewer of many journals like Molecular Biology Reports, Frontiers in Oncology, RSC Advances, PLOS ONE, Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, etc. She has edited and authored/co-authored 21 journal papers, 3 book chapters, and 15 abstracts. She is a Board of Studies member at her university. She is a life member of 'The Cytometry Society”-in India and 'All India Cell Biology Society”- in India.",institutionString:"Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune",institution:{name:"Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"354817",title:"Dr.",name:"Anubhab",middleName:null,surname:"Mukherjee",slug:"anubhab-mukherjee",fullName:"Anubhab Mukherjee",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0033Y0000365PbRQAU/ProfilePicture%202022-04-15%2005%3A11%3A18.480",biography:"A former member of Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, USA, Dr. Anubhab Mukherjee is an ardent votary of science who strives to make an impact in the lives of those afflicted with cancer and other chronic/acute ailments. He completed his Ph.D. from CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India, having been skilled with RNAi, liposomal drug delivery, preclinical cell and animal studies. He pursued post-doctoral research at College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A & M University and was involved in another postdoctoral research at Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, California. In 2015, he worked in Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology as a visiting scientist. He has substantial experience in nanotechnology-based formulation development and successfully served various Indian organizations to develop pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical products. He is an inventor in many US patents and an author in many peer-reviewed articles, book chapters and books published in various media of international repute. Dr. Mukherjee is currently serving as Principal Scientist, R&D at Esperer Onco Nutrition (EON) Pvt. Ltd. and heads the Hyderabad R&D center of the organization.",institutionString:"Esperer Onco Nutrition Pvt Ltd.",institution:null},{id:"319365",title:"Assistant Prof.",name:"Manash K.",middleName:null,surname:"Paul",slug:"manash-k.-paul",fullName:"Manash K. Paul",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/319365/images/system/319365.png",biography:"Manash K. Paul is a Principal Investigator and Scientist at the University of California Los Angeles. He has contributed significantly to the fields of stem cell biology, regenerative medicine, and lung cancer. His research focuses on various signaling processes involved in maintaining stem cell homeostasis during the injury-repair process, deciphering lung stem cell niche, pulmonary disease modeling, immuno-oncology, and drug discovery. He is currently investigating the role of extracellular vesicles in premalignant lung cell migration and detecting the metastatic phenotype of lung cancer via machine-learning-based analyses of exosomal signatures. Dr. Paul has published in more than fifty peer-reviewed international journals and is highly cited. He is the recipient of many awards, including the UCLA Vice Chancellor’s award, a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and an editorial board member for several international journals.",institutionString:"University of California Los Angeles",institution:{name:"University of California Los Angeles",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"311457",title:"Dr.",name:"Júlia",middleName:null,surname:"Scherer Santos",slug:"julia-scherer-santos",fullName:"Júlia Scherer Santos",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/311457/images/system/311457.jpg",biography:"Dr. Júlia Scherer Santos works in the areas of cosmetology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical technology, beauty, and aesthetics. Dr. Santos also has experience as a professor of graduate courses. Graduated in Pharmacy, specialization in Cosmetology and Cosmeceuticals applied to aesthetics, specialization in Aesthetic and Cosmetic Health, and a doctorate in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology. Teaching experience in Pharmacy and Aesthetics and Cosmetics courses. She works mainly on the following subjects: nanotechnology, cosmetology, pharmaceutical technology, aesthetics.",institutionString:"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"219081",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdulsamed",middleName:null,surname:"Kükürt",slug:"abdulsamed-kukurt",fullName:"Abdulsamed Kükürt",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/219081/images/system/219081.png",biography:"Dr. Kükürt graduated from Uludağ University in Turkey. He started his academic career as a Research Assistant in the Department of Biochemistry at Kafkas University. In 2019, he completed his Ph.D. program in the Department of Biochemistry at the Institute of Health Sciences. He is currently working at the Department of Biochemistry, Kafkas University. He has 27 published research articles in academic journals, 11 book chapters, and 37 papers. He took part in 10 academic projects. He served as a reviewer for many articles. He still serves as a member of the review board in many academic journals. He is currently working on the protective activity of phenolic compounds in disorders associated with oxidative stress and inflammation.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Kafkas University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"178366",title:"Dr.",name:"Volkan",middleName:null,surname:"Gelen",slug:"volkan-gelen",fullName:"Volkan Gelen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/178366/images/system/178366.jpg",biography:"Volkan Gelen is a Physiology specialist who received his veterinary degree from Kafkas University in 2011. Between 2011-2015, he worked as an assistant at Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology. In 2016, he joined Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology as an assistant professor. Dr. Gelen has been engaged in various academic activities at Kafkas University since 2016. There he completed 5 projects and has 3 ongoing projects. He has 60 articles published in scientific journals and 20 poster presentations in scientific congresses. His research interests include physiology, endocrine system, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular system diseases, and isolated organ bath system studies.",institutionString:"Kafkas University",institution:{name:"Kafkas University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"418963",title:"Dr.",name:"Augustine Ododo",middleName:"Augustine",surname:"Osagie",slug:"augustine-ododo-osagie",fullName:"Augustine Ododo Osagie",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/418963/images/16900_n.jpg",biography:"Born into the family of Osagie, a prince of the Benin Kingdom. I am currently an academic in the Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Benin. Part of the duties are to teach undergraduate students and conduct academic research.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Benin",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/192992/images/system/192992.png",biography:"Prof. Shagufta Perveen is a Distinguish Professor in the Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dr. Perveen has acted as the principal investigator of major research projects funded by the research unit of King Saud University. She has more than ninety original research papers in peer-reviewed journals of international repute to her credit. She is a fellow member of the Royal Society of Chemistry UK and the American Chemical Society of the United States.",institutionString:"King Saud University",institution:{name:"King Saud University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"49848",title:"Dr.",name:"Wen-Long",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",slug:"wen-long-hu",fullName:"Wen-Long Hu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49848/images/system/49848.jpg",biography:"Wen-Long Hu is Chief of the Division of Acupuncture, Department of Chinese Medicine at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, as well as an adjunct associate professor at Fooyin University and Kaohsiung Medical University. Wen-Long is President of Taiwan Traditional Chinese Medicine Medical Association. He has 28 years of experience in clinical practice in laser acupuncture therapy and 34 years in acupuncture. He is an invited speaker for lectures and workshops in laser acupuncture at many symposiums held by medical associations. He owns the patent for herbal preparation and producing, and for the supercritical fluid-treated needle. Dr. Hu has published three books, 12 book chapters, and more than 30 papers in reputed journals, besides serving as an editorial board member of repute.",institutionString:"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital",institution:{name:"Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"298472",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrey V.",middleName:null,surname:"Grechko",slug:"andrey-v.-grechko",fullName:"Andrey V. Grechko",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/298472/images/system/298472.png",biography:"Andrey Vyacheslavovich Grechko, Ph.D., Professor, is a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He graduated from the Semashko Moscow Medical Institute (Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health) with a degree in Medicine (1998), the Clinical Department of Dermatovenerology (2000), and received a second higher education in Psychology (2009). Professor A.V. Grechko held the position of Сhief Physician of the Central Clinical Hospital in Moscow. He worked as a professor at the faculty and was engaged in scientific research at the Medical University. Starting in 2013, he has been the initiator of the creation of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Intensive Care and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation, where he also serves as Director since 2015. He has many years of experience in research and teaching in various fields of medicine, is an author/co-author of more than 200 scientific publications, 13 patents, 15 medical books/chapters, including Chapter in Book «Metabolomics», IntechOpen, 2020 «Metabolomic Discovery of Microbiota Dysfunction as the Cause of Pathology».",institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null},{id:"199461",title:"Prof.",name:"Natalia V.",middleName:null,surname:"Beloborodova",slug:"natalia-v.-beloborodova",fullName:"Natalia V. Beloborodova",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/199461/images/system/199461.jpg",biography:'Natalia Vladimirovna Beloborodova was educated at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, with a degree in pediatrics in 1980, a Ph.D. in 1987, and a specialization in Clinical Microbiology from First Moscow State Medical University in 2004. She has been a Professor since 1996. Currently, she is the Head of the Laboratory of Metabolism, a division of the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russian Federation. N.V. Beloborodova has many years of clinical experience in the field of intensive care and surgery. She studies infectious complications and sepsis. She initiated a series of interdisciplinary clinical and experimental studies based on the concept of integrating human metabolism and its microbiota. Her scientific achievements are widely known: she is the recipient of the Marie E. Coates Award \\"Best lecturer-scientist\\" Gustafsson Fund, Karolinska Institutes, Stockholm, Sweden, and the International Sepsis Forum Award, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France (2014), etc. Professor N.V. Beloborodova wrote 210 papers, five books, 10 chapters and has edited four books.',institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null},{id:"354260",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Tércio Elyan",middleName:"Azevedo",surname:"Azevedo Martins",slug:"tercio-elyan-azevedo-martins",fullName:"Tércio Elyan Azevedo Martins",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/354260/images/16241_n.jpg",biography:"Graduated in Pharmacy from the Federal University of Ceará with the modality in Industrial Pharmacy, Specialist in Production and Control of Medicines from the University of São Paulo (USP), Master in Pharmaceuticals and Medicines from the University of São Paulo (USP) and Doctor of Science in the program of Pharmaceuticals and Medicines by the University of São Paulo. Professor at Universidade Paulista (UNIP) in the areas of chemistry, cosmetology and trichology. Assistant Coordinator of the Higher Course in Aesthetic and Cosmetic Technology at Universidade Paulista Campus Chácara Santo Antônio. Experience in the Pharmacy area, with emphasis on Pharmacotechnics, Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Development of Cosmetics, acting mainly on topics such as cosmetology, antioxidant activity, aesthetics, photoprotection, cyclodextrin and thermal analysis.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Sao Paulo",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"334285",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Sameer",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Jagirdar",slug:"sameer-jagirdar",fullName:"Sameer Jagirdar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/334285/images/14691_n.jpg",biography:"I\\'m a graduate student at the center for biosystems science and engineering at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. I am interested in studying host-pathogen interactions at the biomaterial interface.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"329248",title:"Dr.",name:"Md. Faheem",middleName:null,surname:"Haider",slug:"md.-faheem-haider",fullName:"Md. Faheem Haider",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329248/images/system/329248.jpg",biography:"Dr. Md. Faheem Haider completed his BPharm in 2012 at Integral University, Lucknow, India. In 2014, he completed his MPharm with specialization in Pharmaceutics at Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India. He received his Ph.D. degree from Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India, in 2018. He was selected for the GPAT six times and his best All India Rank was 34. Currently, he is an assistant professor at Integral University. Previously he was an assistant professor at IIMT University, Meerut, India. He has experience teaching DPharm, Pharm.D, BPharm, and MPharm students. He has more than five publications in reputed journals to his credit. Dr. Faheem’s research area is the development and characterization of nanoformulation for the delivery of drugs to various organs.",institutionString:"Integral University",institution:{name:"Integral University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"329795",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohd Aftab",middleName:"Aftab",surname:"Siddiqui",slug:"mohd-aftab-siddiqui",fullName:"Mohd Aftab Siddiqui",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329795/images/system/329795.png",biography:"Dr. Mohd Aftab Siddiqui is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India, where he obtained a Ph.D. in Pharmacology in 2020. He also obtained a BPharm and MPharm from the same university in 2013 and 2015, respectively. His area of research is the pharmacological screening of herbal drugs/natural products in liver cancer and cardiac diseases. He is a member of many professional bodies and has guided many MPharm and PharmD research projects. Dr. Siddiqui has many national and international publications and one German patent to his credit.",institutionString:"Integral University",institution:null}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"20",type:"subseries",title:"Animal Nutrition",keywords:"Sustainable Animal Diets, Carbon Footprint, Meta Analyses",scope:"An essential part of animal production is nutrition. Animals need to receive a properly balanced diet. One of the new challenges we are now faced with is sustainable animal diets (STAND) that involve the 3 P’s (People, Planet, and Profitability). We must develop animal feed that does not compete with human food, use antibiotics, and explore new growth promoters options, such as plant extracts or compounds that promote feed efficiency (e.g., monensin, oils, enzymes, probiotics). These new feed options must also be environmentally friendly, reducing the Carbon footprint, CH4, N, and P emissions to the environment, with an adequate formulation of nutrients.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/20.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11416,editor:{id:"175967",title:"Dr.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",fullName:"Manuel Gonzalez Ronquillo",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",biography:"Dr. Manuel González Ronquillo obtained his doctorate degree from the University of Zaragoza, Spain, in 2001. He is a research professor at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico. He is also a level-2 researcher. He received a Fulbright-Garcia Robles fellowship for a postdoctoral stay at the US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA in 2008–2009. He received grants from Alianza del Pacifico for a stay at the University of Magallanes, Chile, in 2014, and from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) to work in the Food and Agriculture Organization’s Animal Production and Health Division (AGA), Rome, Italy, in 2014–2015. He has collaborated with researchers from different countries and published ninety-eight journal articles. He teaches various degree courses in zootechnics, sheep production, and agricultural sciences and natural resources.\n\nDr. Ronquillo’s research focuses on the evaluation of sustainable animal diets (StAnD), using native resources of the region, decreasing carbon footprint, and applying meta-analysis and mathematical models for a better understanding of animal production.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",issn:"2632-0517"},editorialBoard:[{id:"175762",title:"Dr.",name:"Alfredo J.",middleName:null,surname:"Escribano",slug:"alfredo-j.-escribano",fullName:"Alfredo J. Escribano",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRGnzQAG/Profile_Picture_1633076636544",institutionString:"Consultant and Independent Researcher in Industry Sector, Spain",institution:null},{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/310962/images/system/310962.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"216995",title:"Prof.",name:"Figen",middleName:null,surname:"Kırkpınar",slug:"figen-kirkpinar",fullName:"Figen Kırkpınar",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRMzxQAG/Profile_Picture_1625722918145",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ege University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{id:"83075",title:"Practices and Challenges of Community Services at Debre Markos University, Ethiopia: A Case Study",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105896",signatures:"Adane Mengist",slug:"practices-and-challenges-of-community-services-at-debre-markos-university-ethiopia-a-case-study",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82858",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility a Case of the Provision of Recreational Facilities",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105608",signatures:"Peter Musa Wash, Shida Irwana Omar, Badaruddin Mohamed and Mohd Ismail Isa",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility-a-case-of-the-provision-of-recreational-facilities",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82405",title:"Does Board Structure Matter in CSR Spending of Commercial Banks? Empirical Evidence from an Emerging Economy",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105589",signatures:"Bishnu Kumar Adhikary and Ranjan Kumar Mitra",slug:"does-board-structure-matter-in-csr-spending-of-commercial-banks-empirical-evidence-from-an-emerging-",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82395",title:"Toward a Better Understanding of Green Human Resource Management’s Impact on Green Competitive Advantage: A Conceptual Model",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105528",signatures:"Hosna Hossari and Kaoutar Elfahli",slug:"toward-a-better-understanding-of-green-human-resource-management-s-impact-on-green-competitive-advan",totalDownloads:27,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82269",title:"CSR Reporting and Blockchain Technology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105512",signatures:"Pattarake Sarajoti, Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard, Suwongrat Papangkorn and Piyachart Phiromswad",slug:"csr-reporting-and-blockchain-technology",totalDownloads:31,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82270",title:"From Corporate Social Opportunity to Corporate Social Responsibility",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105445",signatures:"Brian Bolton",slug:"from-corporate-social-opportunity-to-corporate-social-responsibility",totalDownloads:15,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82339",title:"Green Human Resource Management: An Exploratory Study from Moroccan ISO 14001 Certified Companies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105565",signatures:"Hosna Hossari and Kaoutar Elfahli",slug:"green-human-resource-management-an-exploratory-study-from-moroccan-iso-14001-certified-companies",totalDownloads:15,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"82194",title:"CSR and Female Directors: A Review and Future Research Agenda",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105112",signatures:"Pattarake Sarajoti, Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard, Suwongrat Papangkorn and Sirimon Treepongkaruna",slug:"csr-and-female-directors-a-review-and-future-research-agenda",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11602.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}},{id:"81831",title:"Deep Network Model and Regression Analysis using OLS Method for Predicting Lung Vital Capacity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104737",signatures:"Harun Sümbül",slug:"deep-network-model-and-regression-analysis-using-ols-method-for-predicting-lung-vital-capacity",totalDownloads:18,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Decision Science - Recent Advances and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11604.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}}]},publishedBooks:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"9959",title:"Biomedical Signal and Image Processing",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9959.jpg",slug:"biomedical-signal-and-image-processing",publishedDate:"April 14th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Yongxia Zhou",hash:"22b87a09bd6df065d78c175235d367c8",volumeInSeries:10,fullTitle:"Biomedical Signal and Image Processing",editors:[{id:"259308",title:"Dr.",name:"Yongxia",middleName:null,surname:"Zhou",slug:"yongxia-zhou",fullName:"Yongxia Zhou",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259308/images/system/259308.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Southern California",institution:{name:"University of Southern California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9973",title:"Data Acquisition",subtitle:"Recent Advances and Applications in Biomedical Engineering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9973.jpg",slug:"data-acquisition-recent-advances-and-applications-in-biomedical-engineering",publishedDate:"March 17th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Bartłomiej Płaczek",hash:"75ea6cdd241216c9db28aa734ab34446",volumeInSeries:9,fullTitle:"Data Acquisition - Recent Advances and Applications in Biomedical Engineering",editors:[{id:"313277",title:"Dr.",name:"Bartłomiej",middleName:null,surname:"Płaczek",slug:"bartlomiej-placzek",fullName:"Bartłomiej Płaczek",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/313277/images/system/313277.jpg",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9905",title:"Biometric Systems",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9905.jpg",slug:"biometric-systems",publishedDate:"February 10th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Muhammad Sarfraz",hash:"c730560dd2e3837a03407b3a86b0ef2a",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Biometric Systems",editors:[{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/215610/images/system/215610.jpeg",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Kuwait"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8622",title:"Peptide Synthesis",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8622.jpg",slug:"peptide-synthesis",publishedDate:"December 18th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Jaya T. Varkey",hash:"de9fa48c5248dbfb581825b8c74f5623",volumeInSeries:0,fullTitle:"Peptide Synthesis",editors:[{id:"246502",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaya T.",middleName:"T",surname:"Varkey",slug:"jaya-t.-varkey",fullName:"Jaya T. Varkey",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246502/images/11160_n.jpg",institutionString:"St. Teresa’s College",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7497",title:"Computer Vision in Dentistry",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7497.jpg",slug:"computer-vision-in-dentistry",publishedDate:"September 18th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Monika Elzbieta Machoy",hash:"1e9812cebd46ef9e28257f3e96547f6a",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Computer Vision in Dentistry",editors:[{id:"248279",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",middleName:"Elzbieta",surname:"Machoy",slug:"monika-machoy",fullName:"Monika Machoy",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248279/images/system/248279.jpeg",institutionString:"Pomeranian Medical University",institution:{name:"Pomeranian Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8633",title:"Novel Diagnostic Methods in Ophthalmology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8633.jpg",slug:"novel-diagnostic-methods-in-ophthalmology",publishedDate:"September 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Anna Nowinska",hash:"da2c90e8db647ead30504defce3fb5d3",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Novel Diagnostic Methods in Ophthalmology",editors:[{id:"261466",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:"Karolina",surname:"Nowińska",slug:"anna-nowinska",fullName:"Anna Nowińska",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/261466/images/system/261466.jpeg",institutionString:"Medical University of Silesia",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7560",title:"Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods",subtitle:"Image Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7560.jpg",slug:"non-invasive-diagnostic-methods-image-processing",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mariusz Marzec and Robert Koprowski",hash:"d92fd8cf5a90a47f2b8a310837a5600e",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Non-Invasive Diagnostic Methods - Image Processing",editors:[{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7218",title:"OCT",subtitle:"Applications in Ophthalmology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7218.jpg",slug:"oct-applications-in-ophthalmology",publishedDate:"September 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Michele Lanza",hash:"e3a3430cdfd6999caccac933e4613885",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"OCT - Applications in Ophthalmology",editors:[{id:"240088",title:"Prof.",name:"Michele",middleName:null,surname:"Lanza",slug:"michele-lanza",fullName:"Michele Lanza",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/240088/images/system/240088.png",institutionString:'University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"',institution:{name:'University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"',institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6692",title:"Medical and Biological Image Analysis",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6692.jpg",slug:"medical-and-biological-image-analysis",publishedDate:"July 4th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Robert Koprowski",hash:"e75f234a0fc1988d9816a94e4c724deb",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Medical and Biological Image Analysis",editors:[{id:"50150",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Koprowski",slug:"robert-koprowski",fullName:"Robert Koprowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTYNQA4/Profile_Picture_1630478535317",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},testimonialsList:[{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.png",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:140,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:123,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:22,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],subseriesList:[{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics",scope:"Bioinformatics aims to help understand the functioning of the mechanisms of living organisms through the construction and use of quantitative tools. The applications of this research cover many related fields, such as biotechnology and medicine, where, for example, Bioinformatics contributes to faster drug design, DNA analysis in forensics, and DNA sequence analysis in the field of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is a type of medical care in which treatment is customized individually for each patient. Personalized medicine enables more effective therapy, reduces the costs of therapy and clinical trials, and also minimizes the risk of side effects. Nevertheless, advances in personalized medicine would not have been possible without bioinformatics, which can analyze the human genome and other vast amounts of biomedical data, especially in genetics. The rapid growth of information technology enabled the development of new tools to decode human genomes, large-scale studies of genetic variations and medical informatics. The considerable development of technology, including the computing power of computers, is also conducive to the development of bioinformatics, including personalized medicine. In an era of rapidly growing data volumes and ever lower costs of generating, storing and computing data, personalized medicine holds great promises. Modern computational methods used as bioinformatics tools can integrate multi-scale, multi-modal and longitudinal patient data to create even more effective and safer therapy and disease prevention methods. Main aspects of the topic are: Applying bioinformatics in drug discovery and development; Bioinformatics in clinical diagnostics (genetic variants that act as markers for a condition or a disease); Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in personalized medicine; Customize disease-prevention strategies in personalized medicine; Big data analysis in personalized medicine; Translating stratification algorithms into clinical practice of personalized medicine.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/7.jpg",keywords:"Biomedical Data, Drug Discovery, Clinical Diagnostics, Decoding Human Genome, AI in Personalized Medicine, Disease-prevention Strategies, Big Data Analysis in Medicine"},{id:"8",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",scope:'Bioinspired technologies take advantage of understanding the actual biological system to provide solutions to problems in several areas. Recently, bioinspired systems have been successfully employing biomechanics to develop and improve assistive technology and rehabilitation devices. The research topic "Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics" welcomes studies reporting recent advances in bioinspired technologies that contribute to individuals\' health, inclusion, and rehabilitation. Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",keywords:"Bioinspired Systems, Biomechanics, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation"},{id:"9",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",scope:"The Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering topic within the Biomedical Engineering Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of biotechnology, biosensors, biomaterial and tissue engineering. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics can include but are not limited to: Biotechnology such as biotechnological products and process engineering; Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; Bioenergy and biofuels; Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics; Applied microbial and cell physiology; Environmental biotechnology; Methods and protocols. Moreover, topics in biosensor technology, like sensors that incorporate enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, whole cells, tissues and organelles, and other biological or biologically inspired components will be considered, and topics exploring transducers, including those based on electrochemical and optical piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical elements. Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",keywords:"Biotechnology, Biosensors, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering"}],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",issn:"2631-5343",scope:"Biomedical Engineering is one of the fastest-growing interdisciplinary branches of science and industry. The combination of electronics and computer science with biology and medicine has improved patient diagnosis, reduced rehabilitation time, and helped to facilitate a better quality of life. Nowadays, all medical imaging devices, medical instruments, or new laboratory techniques result from the cooperation of specialists in various fields. The series of Biomedical Engineering books covers such areas of knowledge as chemistry, physics, electronics, medicine, and biology. This series is intended for doctors, engineers, and scientists involved in biomedical engineering or those wanting to start working in this field.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/7.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 3rd, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfPublishedBooks:12,editor:{id:"50150",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Koprowski",fullName:"Robert Koprowski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTYNQA4/Profile_Picture_1630478535317",biography:"Robert Koprowski, MD (1997), PhD (2003), Habilitation (2015), is an employee of the University of Silesia, Poland, Institute of Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Computer Systems. For 20 years, he has studied the analysis and processing of biomedical images, emphasizing the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. Dr. Koprowski has authored more than a hundred research papers with dozens in impact factor (IF) journals and has authored or co-authored six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in biomedical engineering.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},subseries:[{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics",keywords:"Biomedical Data, Drug Discovery, Clinical Diagnostics, Decoding Human Genome, AI in Personalized Medicine, Disease-prevention Strategies, Big Data Analysis in Medicine",scope:"Bioinformatics aims to help understand the functioning of the mechanisms of living organisms through the construction and use of quantitative tools. The applications of this research cover many related fields, such as biotechnology and medicine, where, for example, Bioinformatics contributes to faster drug design, DNA analysis in forensics, and DNA sequence analysis in the field of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is a type of medical care in which treatment is customized individually for each patient. Personalized medicine enables more effective therapy, reduces the costs of therapy and clinical trials, and also minimizes the risk of side effects. Nevertheless, advances in personalized medicine would not have been possible without bioinformatics, which can analyze the human genome and other vast amounts of biomedical data, especially in genetics. The rapid growth of information technology enabled the development of new tools to decode human genomes, large-scale studies of genetic variations and medical informatics. The considerable development of technology, including the computing power of computers, is also conducive to the development of bioinformatics, including personalized medicine. In an era of rapidly growing data volumes and ever lower costs of generating, storing and computing data, personalized medicine holds great promises. Modern computational methods used as bioinformatics tools can integrate multi-scale, multi-modal and longitudinal patient data to create even more effective and safer therapy and disease prevention methods. Main aspects of the topic are: Applying bioinformatics in drug discovery and development; Bioinformatics in clinical diagnostics (genetic variants that act as markers for a condition or a disease); Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in personalized medicine; Customize disease-prevention strategies in personalized medicine; Big data analysis in personalized medicine; Translating stratification algorithms into clinical practice of personalized medicine.",annualVolume:11403,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/7.jpg",editor:{id:"351533",title:"Dr.",name:"Slawomir",middleName:null,surname:"Wilczynski",fullName:"Slawomir Wilczynski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035U1loQAC/Profile_Picture_1630074514792",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Medical University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"5886",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandros",middleName:"T.",surname:"Tzallas",fullName:"Alexandros Tzallas",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/5886/images/system/5886.png",institutionString:"University of Ioannina, Greece & Imperial College London",institution:{name:"University of Ioannina",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},{id:"257388",title:"Distinguished Prof.",name:"Lulu",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Lulu Wang",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRX6kQAG/Profile_Picture_1630329584194",institutionString:"Shenzhen Technology University",institution:{name:"Shenzhen Technology University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda R.",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",fullName:"Reda R. Gharieb",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/225387/images/system/225387.jpg",institutionString:"Assiut University",institution:{name:"Assiut University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]},{id:"8",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",keywords:"Bioinspired Systems, Biomechanics, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation",scope:'Bioinspired technologies take advantage of understanding the actual biological system to provide solutions to problems in several areas. Recently, bioinspired systems have been successfully employing biomechanics to develop and improve assistive technology and rehabilitation devices. The research topic "Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics" welcomes studies reporting recent advances in bioinspired technologies that contribute to individuals\' health, inclusion, and rehabilitation. Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',annualVolume:11404,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",editor:{id:"144937",title:"Prof.",name:"Adriano",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Andrade",fullName:"Adriano Andrade",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRC8QQAW/Profile_Picture_1625219101815",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Uberlândia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"49517",title:"Prof.",name:"Hitoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsunashima",fullName:"Hitoshi Tsunashima",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTP4QAO/Profile_Picture_1625819726528",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Nihon University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"425354",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcus",middleName:"Fraga",surname:"Vieira",fullName:"Marcus Vieira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003BJSgIQAX/Profile_Picture_1627904687309",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Goiás",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"196746",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramana",middleName:null,surname:"Vinjamuri",fullName:"Ramana Vinjamuri",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196746/images/system/196746.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institution:{name:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{id:"9",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",keywords:"Biotechnology, Biosensors, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering",scope:"The Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering topic within the Biomedical Engineering Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of biotechnology, biosensors, biomaterial and tissue engineering. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics can include but are not limited to: Biotechnology such as biotechnological products and process engineering; Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; Bioenergy and biofuels; Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics; Applied microbial and cell physiology; Environmental biotechnology; Methods and protocols. Moreover, topics in biosensor technology, like sensors that incorporate enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, whole cells, tissues and organelles, and other biological or biologically inspired components will be considered, and topics exploring transducers, including those based on electrochemical and optical piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical elements. Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",annualVolume:11405,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",editor:{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"35539",title:"Dr.",name:"Cecilia",middleName:null,surname:"Cristea",fullName:"Cecilia Cristea",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYQ65QAG/Profile_Picture_1621007741527",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"40735",title:"Dr.",name:"Gil",middleName:"Alberto Batista",surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Gil Gonçalves",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYRLGQA4/Profile_Picture_1628492612759",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"211725",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Johann F.",middleName:null,surname:"Osma",fullName:"Johann F. Osma",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDv7QAG/Profile_Picture_1626602531691",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad de Los Andes",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Colombia"}}},{id:"69697",title:"Dr.",name:"Mani T.",middleName:null,surname:"Valarmathi",fullName:"Mani T. Valarmathi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/69697/images/system/69697.jpg",institutionString:"Religen Inc. | A Life Science Company, United States of America",institution:null},{id:"205081",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:"Vinícius",surname:"Chaud",fullName:"Marco Chaud",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSDGeQAO/Profile_Picture_1622624307737",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade de Sorocaba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}]}]}},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/161183",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"161183"},fullPath:"/profiles/161183",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var m;(m=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(m)}()