Leszek A. Dobrzański

By Leszek A. Dobrzański, Tomasz Tański, Szymon Malara, Mariusz Król and Justyna Domagała-dubiel

Part of the book: Magnesium Alloys

By Krzysztof Lukaszkowicz, Leszek A. Dobrzański and Jozef Sondor

Part of the book: Advances in Diverse Industrial Applications of Nanocomposites

By Leszek A. Dobrzański

This chapter is an introduction to the book on powder metallurgy (PM). It presents the basis of the selection of powder metallurgy technologies for manufacturing of products, including such applied in medicine and dentistry, and the state of the art concerning the general characteristic of powder metallurgy. The materials and products manufactured with the classical powder metallurgy methods are generally described. The last section presents the general contents of the book based on the above general information.

Part of the book: Powder Metallurgy

By Leszek Adam Dobrzański and Anna Kloc-Ptaszna

This chapter presents essential information concerning sintered tool materials containing carbides, i.e. high-speed steels and metal matrix composites, including sintered carbides and carbide steels. Gradient materials, whose properties change gradually according to their volume, are characterised. The results of investigations are presented in the final part into the structure and properties of newly developed sintered graded tool materials fabricated by the conventional metallurgy method from a mixture of high-speed HS6-5-2 steel powder and WC carbides. Investigations are described for four-layer materials, where the successive transition layers with a smaller and smaller volume fraction of tungsten carbide were constituted from the surface layer side, until a substrate layer containing high-speed HS6-5-2 steel only. The outcomes are described of structural examinations in a scanning and transmission electron microscope, an X-ray microanalysis and the results of density, porosity and hardness examinations of sintered gradient materials and the results of structure and hardness examinations of heat-treated materials.

Part of the book: Powder Metallurgy

By Leszek A. Dobrzański, Anna D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, Anna Achtelik-Franczak, Lech B. Dobrzański, Eugeniusz Hajduczek and Grzegorz Matula

This chapter of the book presents the basis of classical powder metallurgy technologies and discusses powder fabrication, preparation, preliminary moulding, sintering and finish treatment operations. A general description of the materials and products manufactured with the classical powder metallurgy methods is presented. New variants are characterised along with special and hybrid technologies finding their applications in powder metallurgy. Special attention was drawn to microporous titanium and to TiAl6V4 alloy fabricated using hybrid rapid manufacturing technologies with selective laser sintering/selective laser melting (SLS/SLM) used for innovative implant scaffolds in medicine and regenerative dentistry. Laser deposition, thermal spraying and detonation spraying of powders are also discussed as special methods in which powders of metals and other materials are used as raw materials.

Part of the book: Powder Metallurgy

By Leszek A. Dobrzański, Anna D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz, Anna Achtelik-Franczak, Lech B. Dobrzański, Marek Szindler and Tomasz G. Gaweł

This chapter characterises scaffolds manufactured in line with the make-to-order concept according to individual needs of each patient. The clinical data acquired from a patient during computer tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance or using traditional plaster casts is converted by a computer into a virtual solid model of a patient’s loss. The model, through the multiplication of a unit cell, is converted into a porous model on the basis of which an actual object is manufactured with the method of selective laser melting (SLM) from Ti/Ti6Al4V powders. The created scaffold is characterised by good mechanical properties, which is confirmed by the results of the performed tensile and compressive strength tests. The material is additionally subjected to surface treatment consisting of the deposition of atomic layers of titanium dioxide with nanometric thickness.

Part of the book: Powder Metallurgy

By Leszek A. Dobrzański, Daniel Pakuła, Klaudiusz Gołombek, Anna D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz and Marcin Staszuk

This chapter presents a general characteristic of sintered tool materials, in particular sintered sialons, nitride ceramics, injection-moulded ceramic-metallic tool materials and cemented carbides and a general characteristic of their surface treatment technology and especially chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques. The results of our investigations in technology foresight methods concerning the development prospects of surface engineering of sintered tool materials are presented. In the next subsection, we discuss the outcomes of multifaceted research carried out with advanced materials engineering methods, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, into the structure and properties of multicomponent, graded and multilayer coatings on the investigated tool materials, including the newly developed injection moulded ceramic-metallic tool materials. Special attention was drawn to a one-dimensional structure of the studied PVD and CVD coatings and its impact on the properties of coatings.

Part of the book: Powder Metallurgy

By Leszek A. Dobrzański, Grzegorz Matula, Anna D. Dobrzańska- Danikiewicz, Piotr Malara, Marek Kremzer, Błażej Tomiczek, Magdalena Kujawa, Eugeniusz Hajduczek, Anna Achtelik-Franczak, Lech B. Dobrzański and Jagoda Krzysteczko

The infiltration technology with reinforcement in the form of porous skeletons fabricated with powder metallurgy methods has been presented in relation to the general characteristics of metal alloy matrix composite materials. The results of our own investigations are presented pertaining to four alternative technologies of fabrication of porous, sintered skeletons, and their structure and their key technological properties are presented. Porous skeletons made of Al2O3 aluminium are sintered reactively using blowing agents or are manufactured by ceramic injection moulding (CIM) from powder. Porous skeletons made of 3Al2O3⋅2SiO2 mullite are achieved by sintering a mixture of halloysite nanotubes together with agents forming an open structure of pores. Titanium porous skeletons are achieved by selective laser sintering (SLS). The structure and properties of composite materials with an aluminium alloy matrix—mainly EN AC-AlSi12 and also EN AC-AlSi7Mg0.3 alloys—reinforced with the so manufactured skeletons are also described. A unique structure of the achieved composite materials, together with good mechanical properties and abrasive wear resistance at low density, ensured by an aluminium alloy matrix, are indicating broad application possibilities of such composites.

Part of the book: Powder Metallurgy

By Leszek A. Dobrzański, Błażej Tomiczek and Magdalena Macek

In this chapter, the characterisation of the halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the reinforcement in the composite materials was described. The original and author technology of production of the aluminium AlMg1SiCu matrix composite materials reinforced with halloysite or carbon nanotubes using powder metallurgy techniques, including mechanical alloying and hot extrusion and the range of own research in the case to determine microstructure, as well as mechanical properties of those materials was present. It was investigated that the addition of carbon and halloysite nanotubes causes a significant improvement in mechanical properties of the obtained nanocomposites. The investigation results show that the technology used in manufacturing nanocomposite materials can find the practical application in the production of new light metal matrix nanocomposites.

Part of the book: Powder Metallurgy

By Leszek A. Dobrzański and Grzegorz Matula

As modern manufacturing methods have been developing, the application methods of powders have changed, and they do not always have to be moulded prior to sintering. The powder injection moulding (PIM) method is suitable for large-lot and mass production; still, powder consumption is not too high. The metal injection moulding (MIM) is an advanced technology and not as developed as classical pressing and sintering but constantly and dynamically developing. The technology is developing towards micro-MIM, that is, production of very small parts for miniaturised devices. The chapter presents the overview of powder injection moulding as specialist powder metallurgy method and its application for fabrication of tool materials. Specially, the fabrication of high-speed steels and carbide-steels on their matrix by powder injection moulding is descripted. In last part of the chapter, the results of own investigations of the structure with nanostructural elements of high-speed steels and carbide-steels on their matrix fabricated by powder injection moulding are presented.

Part of the book: Powder Metallurgy