Ricardo Ramirez-Mendoza

By David Alejandro Arellano Escárpita, Diego Cárdenas, Hugo Elizalde, Ricardo Ramirez and Oliver Probst

Part of the book: Composites and Their Properties

By Ricardo Zavala Yoé and Ricardo Ramírez-Mendoza

It is well known that in order to study the evolution of a drug-resistant epilepsy, it is necessary to practice a lot of Electroencephalographic signals (EEG) studies during the child’s life. The number of EEG collected by parents during the child’s life might easily range between 10 and 20, depending of the severity of the affection, age and neurologist’s requirements. With all these data, natural questions posed by parents and physicians are as follows: (a) Which zone of the brain has been the most affected so far? (b) On which year was the child better? Naturally, the neurologist would wish to correlate these answers with the prescribed drugs history but responding objectively those questions is certainly not easy (or even impossible). However, both questions were already answered quantitatively in [1] where a very difficult case of Doose syndrome (DS) was investigated. In this work, we propose to go further answering an additional question frequently posed by parents and physicians which is as follows: (c) How bad is our child with respect to other with similar affections? Note that replying this question results also very difficult because this would imply to compare sets of multiple, massive EEG (one for every kid involved in the study). In addition, the possibility of answering this question also implies to compare medications/results among all the children in the investigation. What we propose here is to answer quantitatively question (c) by using our complexity measures and indices introduced here and the experience obtained in [1] with all this linked to medications. The question arises as follows: Why to use complexity, that is, entropy to characterize EEG information? Because it would be formidable to determine a mathematical model which could represent in general, each case of DS or LGS. This is not yet possible but after analyzing a set of nonlinear models, we concluded that it is more reliable to work with nonlinear statistics (entropies) to extract information from EEG in children epilepsy [1]. As a result of this, we offer here the multiscale entropy (MSE) index and the bivariate multiscale (BMSE) index to evaluate all channels of multiple EEG.

Part of the book: Epileptology