\\n\\n
IntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\\n\\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\\n\\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\\n\\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\\n\\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\\n\\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\\n\\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\\n\\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\\n\\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"",originalUrl:"/media/original/237"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
After years of being acknowledged as the world's leading publisher of Open Access books, today, we are proud to announce we’ve successfully launched a portfolio of Open Science journals covering rapidly expanding areas of interdisciplinary research.
\n\n\n\nIntechOpen was founded by scientists, for scientists, in order to make book publishing accessible around the globe. Over the last two decades, this has driven Open Access (OA) book publishing whilst levelling the playing field for global academics. Through our innovative publishing model and the support of the research community, we have now published over 5,700 Open Access books and are visited online by over three million academics every month. These researchers are increasingly working in broad technology-based subjects, driving multidisciplinary academic endeavours into human health, environment, and technology.
\n\nBy listening to our community, and in order to serve these rapidly growing areas which lie at the core of IntechOpen's expertise, we are launching a portfolio of Open Science journals:
\n\nAll three journals will publish under an Open Access model and embrace Open Science policies to help support the changing needs of academics in these fast-moving research areas. There will be direct links to preprint servers and data repositories, allowing full reproducibility and rapid dissemination of published papers to help accelerate the pace of research. Each journal has renowned Editors in Chief who will work alongside a global Editorial Board, delivering robust single-blind peer review. Supported by our internal editorial teams, this will ensure our authors will receive a quick, user-friendly, and personalised publishing experience.
\n\n"By launching our journals portfolio we are introducing new, dedicated homes for interdisciplinary technology-focused researchers to publish their work, whilst embracing Open Science and creating a unique global home for academics to disseminate their work. We are taking a leap toward Open Science continuing and expanding our fundamental commitment to openly sharing scientific research across the world, making it available for the benefit of all." Dr. Sara Uhac, IntechOpen CEO
\n\n"Our aim is to promote and create better science for a better world by increasing access to information and the latest scientific developments to all scientists, innovators, entrepreneurs and students and give them the opportunity to learn, observe and contribute to knowledge creation. Open Science promotes a swifter path from research to innovation to produce new products and services." Alex Lazinica, IntechOpen founder
\n\nIn conclusion, Natalia Reinic Babic, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science at IntechOpen adds:
\n\n“On behalf of the journal team I’d like to thank all our Editors in Chief, Editorial Boards, internal supporting teams, and our scientific community for their continuous support in making this portfolio a reality - we couldn’t have done it without you! With your support in place, we are confident these journals will become as impactful and successful as our book publishing program and bring us closer to a more open (science) future.”
\n\nWe invite you to visit the journals homepage and learn more about the journal’s Editorial Boards, scope and vision as all three journals are now open for submissions.
\n\nFeel free to share this news on social media and help us mark this memorable moment!
\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"7263",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease",title:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"In this book, Vitamin E in Health and Disease, the chapter by Dr Lisa Schmölz et al., The Hepatic Fate of Vitamin E, includes the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E, its storage, release, distribution, and its effects on the metabolism in great detail, as well as its effect on the prevention of diseases, in addition to its role in anti-aging. The chapter by Dr Rusu Anca Elena reports on the effect of vitamin E in patients with hemodialysis. In a similar manner, the chapter of Drs Rayan Ahmed and Paul W. Sylvester describe g-Tocotrienol, a natural isoform within the vitamin E family of compounds, which displays potent antiproliferative, apoptotic and reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition activity against breast cancer, employing treatment doses that have little or no effect on normal cell viability. The chapter by Milka Mileva and Angel S. Galabov describes how vitamin E could be recommended as a reliable agent, indeed as a component in multiorgan flu therapy. Last, Dr Juan José Godina-Nava et al. describe the cytoprotector effect of the 120-Hz electromagnetic fields in early hepatocarcinogenesis.",isbn:"978-1-78984-246-3",printIsbn:"978-1-78984-245-6",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83881-796-1",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.74469",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"vitamin-e-in-health-and-disease",numberOfPages:110,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,isInBkci:!1,hash:"6bd8e547b4f3ad7f1675a36b8dbde8f2",bookSignature:"Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez",publishedDate:"October 24th 2018",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7263.jpg",numberOfDownloads:6087,numberOfWosCitations:10,numberOfCrossrefCitations:6,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:1,numberOfDimensionsCitations:14,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:1,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:30,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"February 2nd 2018",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"February 23rd 2018",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"April 24th 2018",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"July 13th 2018",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"September 11th 2018",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"109774",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Morales-Gonzalez",slug:"jose-antonio-morales-gonzalez",fullName:"Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/109774/images/system/109774.jpg",biography:"José Antonio Morales-González graduated as a Surgeon Physician from FES-Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). He engaged in Doctoral studies in Biological Sciences at the UNAM. Dr Morales-González has been awarded diverse recognitions: the Gustavo Baz Prada Medal by the UNAM, the Alfonso Caso Medal for academic merit by the UNAM, and was recognized by the National System of Researchers (SNI) as National Researcher Level 2 (2017-2025). In addition to this, he has served as director for 16 undergraduate and 72 postgraduate theses. He is the author of 85 published articles, with more than 3300 citations to these publications. He is also the editor and coordinator of 28 specialized books and is the author of 42 chapters in specialized books. Dr Morales-González is a Full-time Tenured Professor-Researcher at the Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN.",institutionString:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"7",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"5",institution:{name:"Instituto Politécnico Nacional",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"379",title:"Vitaminology",slug:"alimentology-vitaminology"}],chapters:[{id:"62683",title:"The Hepatic Fate of Vitamin E",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79445",slug:"the-hepatic-fate-of-vitamin-e",totalDownloads:1326,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Vitamin E is a lipophilic vitamin and thus is naturally occurring mainly in high-fat plant products such as oils, nuts, germs, seeds, and in lower amounts in vegetables and some fruits. The term “vitamin E” comprises different structures that are classified as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and “vitamin E-related structures.” Vitamin E follows the same route in the body like other lipophilic substances. In brief, vitamin E is absorbed in the intestine, packaged into chylomicrons together with other lipophilic molecules, and distributed via lymph and blood in the body. As the liver is the central organ in lipoprotein metabolism, it is also essential for the uptake, distribution, metabolism, and storage of vitamin E. Based on the current knowledge on that field, the physiological, nonphysiological, and pathophysiological factors influencing the hepatic handling of vitamin E, verifying the crucial role of the liver in vitamin E homeostasis, are described.",signatures:"Lisa Schmölz, Martin Schubert, Stefan Kluge, Marc Birringer, Maria\nWallert and Stefan Lorkowski",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/62683",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/62683",authors:[{id:"100169",title:"Prof.",name:"Stefan",surname:"Lorkowski",slug:"stefan-lorkowski",fullName:"Stefan Lorkowski"},{id:"261179",title:"MSc.",name:"Lisa",surname:"Schmölz",slug:"lisa-schmolz",fullName:"Lisa Schmölz"},{id:"261180",title:"MSc.",name:"Stefan",surname:"Kluge",slug:"stefan-kluge",fullName:"Stefan Kluge"},{id:"261181",title:"MSc.",name:"Martin",surname:"Schubert",slug:"martin-schubert",fullName:"Martin Schubert"},{id:"261182",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria",surname:"Wallert",slug:"maria-wallert",fullName:"Maria Wallert"},{id:"261183",title:"Prof.",name:"Marc",surname:"Birringer",slug:"marc-birringer",fullName:"Marc Birringer"}],corrections:null},{id:"62868",title:"Vitamin E in Hemodialysis Patients",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.78792",slug:"vitamin-e-in-hemodialysis-patients",totalDownloads:1050,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"End-stage renal disease patients treated with hemodialysis are characterized by a special diet, increased oxidative stress, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as well as many other complications such as inflammation-malnutrition syndrome, muscle cramps, and anemia. Worldwide efforts are focused on reducing hemodialysis complications to increase survival in these patients. In vitro and in vivo studies proved that vitamin E has many beneficial effects such as: decreases reactive oxygen species synthesis, improves antioxidant defense system, inhibits lipids peroxidation and reduces atherosclerosis, and ameliorates anemia treatment. Mechanisms of action are complex and not fully understood. However, there are particularities in regards of vitamin E intake, metabolism, and clearance in patients treated with hemodialysis. Supplementation of vitamin E in these patients has been intensively studied, and it is still under debate. Oral administration and vitamin E-coated membranes for dialysis have been tried. Clinical practice guidelines tried to underline when and how much vitamin E to be given to be safe and cost-beneficial. The current chapter aims to synthesize all these issues.",signatures:"Anca Elena Rusu",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/62868",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/62868",authors:[{id:"246334",title:"Dr.",name:"Anca Elena",surname:"Rusu",slug:"anca-elena-rusu",fullName:"Anca Elena Rusu"}],corrections:null},{id:"63277",title:"Cytoprotective Effect of 120 Hz Electromagnetic Fields on Early Hepatocarcinogenesis: Experimental and Theoretical Findings",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.78642",slug:"cytoprotective-effect-of-120-hz-electromagnetic-fields-on-early-hepatocarcinogenesis-experimental-an",totalDownloads:1044,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Carcinogenesis induced chemically produces mutations affecting standard cells’ behavior. An electrophilic attack on DNA result as the primary characteristic. Once xenobiotics are administrated to mammals they suffer a metabolic activation in the liver through cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, converting them to toxic compounds, generating oxidative stress (OS), and bursting electrophiles near the site of oxidation. CYP450 are electron carrier proteins that generate spin-correlated radical pair (RP) intermediaries. An extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) can modulate the spin-flip conversion between singlet and triplet spin states of the RP populations, modifying the product formation during their metabolization. Experimentally, we induce hepatic cancer chemically; we found that ELF-EMF inhibits both the number and area of preneoplastic lesions by more than 50%. Furthermore, theoretically, we develop a quantum mechanical model based on the RP mechanism (RPM) in the Haberkorn approximation to explain the cytoprotective effects of ELF-EMF. Here, we review the status of the action’s mechanism of ELF-EMF on our research on early hepatocarcinogenesis.",signatures:"Juan José Godina Nava, Paulo Eduardo Ambrosio and Dany\nSanchez Dominguez",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/63277",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/63277",authors:[{id:"253547",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Juan José",surname:"Godina Nava",slug:"juan-jose-godina-nava",fullName:"Juan José Godina Nava"},{id:"256064",title:"Dr.",name:"Paulo",surname:"Ambrosio",slug:"paulo-ambrosio",fullName:"Paulo Ambrosio"},{id:"256065",title:"Dr.",name:"Dany",surname:"Sanchez Dominguez",slug:"dany-sanchez-dominguez",fullName:"Dany Sanchez Dominguez"}],corrections:null},{id:"63532",title:"Vitamin E and Influenza Virus Infection",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.80954",slug:"vitamin-e-and-influenza-virus-infection",totalDownloads:1790,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:8,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Influenza is an infectious disease causing huge medical and economic losses. Influenza pathogenesis is associated with two processes in the human body: (i) lung damage due to viral replication in the columnar ciliary epithelium of bronchi and bronchioles and (ii) inflammatory burst inducing an increase in reactive oxygen species generation that causes extensive damage in cellular membranes of the small vessels. The oxidative stress in influenza virus-infected organism provokes free-radical oxidation of unsaturated lipid chains in the cell membranes. As vitamin E is a lipid-soluble substance and possesses a hydrophobic tail, it tends to accumulate within lipid membranes. There, it acts as the most important chain breaker, reacting with lipid peroxyl radicals much faster than they can react with adjacent fatty acid side chains. Among the antioxidants tested in influenza virus infections in mice, vitamin E occupies the leading position because of its efficacy in preventing oxidative damage through its free-radical scavenging activity. Although vitamin E is not possessing specific antiviral action, its antioxidant effect probably plays important role in lung and liver protection. Attention should be paid to the synergistic character of antiviral effect of the combination vitamin E and oseltamivir. Vitamin E could be recommended as a component in multitarget influenza therapy.",signatures:"Milka Mileva and Angel S. Galabov",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/63532",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/63532",authors:[{id:"245054",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel S",surname:"Galabov",slug:"angel-s-galabov",fullName:"Angel S Galabov"},{id:"245064",title:"Prof.",name:"Milka",surname:"Mileva",slug:"milka-mileva",fullName:"Milka Mileva"}],corrections:null},{id:"61660",title:"γ-Tocotrienol Reversal of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Breast Cancer Cells is Mediated through a Suppression of Canonical Wnt and Hedgehog Signaling",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.78273",slug:"-tocotrienol-reversal-of-epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition-in-human-breast-cancer-cells-is-mediat",totalDownloads:878,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"γ-Tocotrienol, a natural isoform within the vitamin E family of compounds, displays potent antiproliferative, apoptotic and reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activity against breast cancer using treatment doses that have little or no effect on normal cell viability. EMT is a route by which epithelial cells undergo various biochemical alterations leading to the acquisition of mesenchymal traits. Several aberrant signaling pathways are involved in EMT-dependent cancer metastasis. Specifically, dysregulation of the canonical Wnt and Hedgehog pathways are intimately involved in promoting breast cancer EMT and metastasis. Therefore, studies were conducted to examine effects of γ-tocotrienol on Wnt and Hedgehog signaling. Results from these studies demonstrate that γ-tocotrienol significantly inhibits canonical Wnt and Hedgehog signaling by inhibiting receptors, co-receptors and ligand expression, as well as inhibiting expression of cytosolic and nuclear signaling proteins within these pathways. Additional studies showed that γ-tocotrienol treatment increased the expression of negative regulators of both the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways. These findings demonstrate that γ-tocotrienol reversal of EMT is mediated, at least in part, through the inhibition of canonical Wnt and Hedgehog signaling, and strongly suggest that this form of vitamin E may provide significant benefit in the prevention and treatment of metastatic breast cancer.",signatures:"Rayan Ahmed and Paul W. Sylvester",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/61660",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/61660",authors:[{id:"182827",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",surname:"W. Sylvester",slug:"paul-w.-sylvester",fullName:"Paul W. Sylvester"},{id:"245955",title:"Dr.",name:"Rayan",surname:"Ahmed",slug:"rayan-ahmed",fullName:"Rayan Ahmed"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"3203",title:"Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases",subtitle:"A Role for Antioxidants",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7014dbaa632114f7220802475ccd0402",slug:"oxidative-stress-and-chronic-degenerative-diseases-a-role-for-antioxidants",bookSignature:"José A. Morales-González",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3203.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109774",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Antonio",surname:"Morales-Gonzalez",slug:"jose-antonio-morales-gonzalez",fullName:"Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5407",title:"The Transcription Factor Nrf2",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0788a269796226b416cf12529a57ecbb",slug:"a-master-regulator-of-oxidative-stress-the-transcription-factor-nrf2",bookSignature:"Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez, Angel Morales-Gonzalez and Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5407.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109774",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Antonio",surname:"Morales-Gonzalez",slug:"jose-antonio-morales-gonzalez",fullName:"Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6568",title:"Reflections on Bioethics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8da3f5e7819e769f07a77dc3f0f357c2",slug:"reflections-on-bioethics",bookSignature:"José Antonio Morales-González and María Eugenia Aguilar Nájera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6568.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109774",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Antonio",surname:"Morales-Gonzalez",slug:"jose-antonio-morales-gonzalez",fullName:"Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3796",title:"Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Manual",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2c8df0000792ee150e759d51acf37f21",slug:"basic-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation-manual",bookSignature:"Jose A. Morales Gonzalez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3796.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"109774",title:"Dr.",name:"Jose Antonio",surname:"Morales-Gonzalez",slug:"jose-antonio-morales-gonzalez",fullName:"Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"3",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}},{type:"book",id:"5940",title:"Vitamin C",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e23e79359167bb9d4a53edd78c7b5038",slug:"vitamin-c",bookSignature:"Amal H. Hamza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5940.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"188326",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Amal",surname:"Hamza",slug:"amal-hamza",fullName:"Amal Hamza"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5169",title:"Vitamin K2",subtitle:"Vital for Health and Wellbeing",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b2f9f024939ddc4f5da2a8afa3fcd9c9",slug:"vitamin-k2-vital-for-health-and-wellbeing",bookSignature:"Jan Oxholm Gordeladze",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5169.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36345",title:"Prof.",name:"Jan",surname:"Gordeladze",slug:"jan-gordeladze",fullName:"Jan Gordeladze"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6709",title:"B Group Vitamins",subtitle:"Current Uses and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f34959a0fcc33a2c6fb3d03e9ec544bf",slug:"b-group-vitamins-current-uses-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Jean Guy LeBlanc and Graciela Savoy de Giori",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6709.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67023",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean Guy",surname:"LeBlanc",slug:"jean-guy-leblanc",fullName:"Jean Guy LeBlanc"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7038",title:"Vitamin D Deficiency",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ba24f0913341357b0779ff9529c4bbfc",slug:"vitamin-d-deficiency",bookSignature:"Julia Fedotova",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7038.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"269070",title:"Prof.",name:"Julia",surname:"Fedotova",slug:"julia-fedotova",fullName:"Julia Fedotova"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7978",title:"Vitamin A",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dad04a658ab9e3d851d23705980a688b",slug:"vitamin-a",bookSignature:"Leila Queiroz Zepka, Veridiana Vera de Rosso and Eduardo Jacob-Lopes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7978.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"261969",title:"Dr.",name:"Leila",surname:"Queiroz Zepka",slug:"leila-queiroz-zepka",fullName:"Leila Queiroz Zepka"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7033",title:"Vitamin C",subtitle:"an Update on Current Uses and Functions",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"719a5742e3271393fe43864e13e996cd",slug:"vitamin-c-an-update-on-current-uses-and-functions",bookSignature:"Jean Guy LeBlanc",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7033.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67023",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean Guy",surname:"LeBlanc",slug:"jean-guy-leblanc",fullName:"Jean Guy LeBlanc"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"64554",slug:"erratum-treatment-of-resistant-hypertension-an-update-in-device-therapy",title:"Erratum - Treatment of Resistant Hypertension: An Update in Device Therapy",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/64554.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/64554",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/64554",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/64554",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/64554",chapter:{id:"59188",slug:"treatment-of-resistant-hypertension-an-update-in-device-therapy",signatures:"Ghazal Quinn, Phillip John Gary, Christopher Damiano and Geoffrey\nTeehan",dateSubmitted:"May 10th 2017",dateReviewed:"January 10th 2018",datePrePublished:"February 7th 2018",datePublished:"November 14th 2018",book:{id:"6311",title:"Blood Pressure",subtitle:"From Bench to Bed",fullTitle:"Blood Pressure - From Bench to Bed",slug:"blood-pressure-from-bench-to-bed",publishedDate:"November 14th 2018",bookSignature:"Aise Seda Artis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6311.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99453",title:"Dr.",name:"Aise Seda",middleName:null,surname:"Artis",slug:"aise-seda-artis",fullName:"Aise Seda Artis"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"210880",title:"Dr.",name:"Geoffrey",middleName:null,surname:"Teehan",fullName:"Geoffrey Teehan",slug:"geoffrey-teehan",email:"gteehan@comcast.net",position:null,institution:{name:"Lankenau Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"221168",title:"Dr.",name:"Ghazal",middleName:null,surname:"Quinn",fullName:"Ghazal Quinn",slug:"ghazal-quinn",email:"quinng@mlhs.org",position:null,institution:null},{id:"221169",title:"Dr.",name:"Phillip John",middleName:null,surname:"Gary",fullName:"Phillip John Gary",slug:"phillip-john-gary",email:"garyp@mlhs.org",position:null,institution:null},{id:"221170",title:"Dr.",name:"Christopher",middleName:null,surname:"Damiano",fullName:"Christopher Damiano",slug:"christopher-damiano",email:"damianoc@mlhs.org",position:null,institution:null}]}},chapter:{id:"59188",slug:"treatment-of-resistant-hypertension-an-update-in-device-therapy",signatures:"Ghazal Quinn, Phillip John Gary, Christopher Damiano and Geoffrey\nTeehan",dateSubmitted:"May 10th 2017",dateReviewed:"January 10th 2018",datePrePublished:"February 7th 2018",datePublished:"November 14th 2018",book:{id:"6311",title:"Blood Pressure",subtitle:"From Bench to Bed",fullTitle:"Blood Pressure - From Bench to Bed",slug:"blood-pressure-from-bench-to-bed",publishedDate:"November 14th 2018",bookSignature:"Aise Seda Artis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6311.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99453",title:"Dr.",name:"Aise Seda",middleName:null,surname:"Artis",slug:"aise-seda-artis",fullName:"Aise Seda Artis"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"210880",title:"Dr.",name:"Geoffrey",middleName:null,surname:"Teehan",fullName:"Geoffrey Teehan",slug:"geoffrey-teehan",email:"gteehan@comcast.net",position:null,institution:{name:"Lankenau Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"221168",title:"Dr.",name:"Ghazal",middleName:null,surname:"Quinn",fullName:"Ghazal Quinn",slug:"ghazal-quinn",email:"quinng@mlhs.org",position:null,institution:null},{id:"221169",title:"Dr.",name:"Phillip John",middleName:null,surname:"Gary",fullName:"Phillip John Gary",slug:"phillip-john-gary",email:"garyp@mlhs.org",position:null,institution:null},{id:"221170",title:"Dr.",name:"Christopher",middleName:null,surname:"Damiano",fullName:"Christopher Damiano",slug:"christopher-damiano",email:"damianoc@mlhs.org",position:null,institution:null}]},book:{id:"6311",title:"Blood Pressure",subtitle:"From Bench to Bed",fullTitle:"Blood Pressure - From Bench to Bed",slug:"blood-pressure-from-bench-to-bed",publishedDate:"November 14th 2018",bookSignature:"Aise Seda Artis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6311.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"99453",title:"Dr.",name:"Aise Seda",middleName:null,surname:"Artis",slug:"aise-seda-artis",fullName:"Aise Seda Artis"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"11307",leadTitle:null,title:"Interpersonal Relationships",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"
\r\n\tDeveloping and maintain interpersonal and intergroup relationships are essential in human social interaction, and increasingly become a part of social intelligence for human beings to succeed in societies. The knowledge about how to wisely maintain and strategically develop interpersonal relationships is a continuing topic for educators, parents, policymakers, business partners, health counselors, and so on.
\r\n\r\n\tIn this volume, we are open to many topics that address interpersonal relationships, spanning from psychological mechanisms underlying building interpersonal relationships at individual levels to maintaining interpersonal networks at society levels. What challenges are people facing in interpersonal relationships during the COVID-19 pandemics? How do virtual communication (e.g. Wechat etc.) and social distancing affect interpersonal relationships? What are the structures underlying interpersonal or intergroup relationships across different contexts, such as friendships, romantic relationships, family relationships, religious relationships, and relationships in and across organizations, communities, and groups? What are the prerequisites for children and adolescents to develop interpersonal relationships with others? Can such skills be trained? What is the (neuro)cognitive impact of processes of interpersonal relationships in professionals dealing with persons, such as psychological counselors, doctors, professors, lawyers, etc? What factors block the group outsiders from building relationships with group members? How are the elderly maintaining interpersonal relationships and how does aging affect such a process? What are the pathological relationships and what are their underlying psychological consequences and impacts on the psychiatric status? How are interpersonal relationships communicated and perceived by others? How do human beings build relationships with nonhuman existing such as animals and machines? How do interpersonal relationships affect one's cognitive processes, such as language comprehension, attention, and executive functions? Do processes related to interpersonal relationships suffer from individual differences and cultural differences? What are the links between interpersonal relationships and arts?
\r\n\r\n\tIn this book, we intend to provide the reader with a novel and interdisciplinary overview of the state-of-the-art research in interpersonal relationships, featuring empirical reports, case studies, meta-analysis, systematic reviews, perspectives from scholars with a variety of expertise, ranging from psychology, communication science, neuroscience, linguistics, computational science, health science, sociology, philosophy, and arts.
",isbn:"978-1-80355-631-4",printIsbn:"978-1-80355-630-7",pdfIsbn:"978-1-80355-632-1",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isSalesforceBook:!1,hash:"89e31ae00db45305aa4108be1fee2c07",bookSignature:"Prof. Xiaoming Jiang",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11307.jpg",keywords:"Interpersonal Synchrony, Emotional Intelligence fNIRS, EEG Hyperscanning, Inter-Brain Synchrony, Social Phobia, Post-Traumatic Disorder, Family Counselling, Autism, Syntactic Alignment, Prosodic Alignment, Co-Speech Gesture, Human-AI Relationship",numberOfDownloads:23,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:0,numberOfTotalCitations:0,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"September 30th 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"December 10th 2021",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"February 8th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"April 29th 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"June 28th 2022",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"5 months",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"An active researcher in human communication sciences with 15 years of interdisciplinary expertise in cognitive neuroscience, social psychology, psycholinguistics, pragmatics, and speech sciences. Dr. Jiang has worked as a visiting scholar in Hiroshima University (Hiroshima) and a senior researcher in the natural language understanding team in Nuance Communication (Montreal), and has been affiliated with McGill University, East China Normal University, and Peking University where he was awarded his Ph.D.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"189844",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiaoming",middleName:null,surname:"Jiang",slug:"xiaoming-jiang",fullName:"Xiaoming Jiang",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189844/images/system/189844.jpg",biography:"Dr. Xiaoming Jiang is a professor at the Institute of Linguistics, Shanghai International Studies University, China. He obtained a BS in Psychology from East China Normal University and a Ph.D. in Cognitive Neuroscience from Peking University. He served as a research fellow at the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and as a senior speech scientist in nuance communication. His research utilizes experimental methodologies to uncover social and interpersonal aspects of human communicative processes in both monolingual and multilingual contexts. While serving as guest editor for Frontiers in Psychology and Frontiers in Communication, he published nearly forty peer-reviewed articles as lead author in high-impact journals such as NeuroImage, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, and Speech Communication.",institutionString:"Shanghai International Studies University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"7",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"3",institution:{name:"Shanghai International Studies University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"21",title:"Psychology",slug:"psychology"}],chapters:[{id:"81633",title:"Use of Nonviolent Communication: Deepening Teacher–Student Interpersonal Relationships",slug:"use-of-nonviolent-communication-deepening-teacher-student-interpersonal-relationships",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"81285",title:"Employment of Repeated Narrative Writing by a Teacher in Coping with Social Rejection and Behavior Problems of One of Her Sixth-Grade Students",slug:"employment-of-repeated-narrative-writing-by-a-teacher-in-coping-with-social-rejection-and-behavior-p",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"429343",firstName:"Martina",lastName:"Ivancic",middleName:null,title:"Ms.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/429343/images/19998_n.jpg",email:"martina@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager, my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"5726",title:"Sociolinguistics",subtitle:"Interdisciplinary Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e87ee120f901a00564a230234d9e3ed5",slug:"sociolinguistics-interdisciplinary-perspectives",bookSignature:"Xiaoming Jiang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5726.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"189844",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiaoming",surname:"Jiang",slug:"xiaoming-jiang",fullName:"Xiaoming Jiang"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10658",title:"Multilingualism",subtitle:"Interdisciplinary Topics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6bf171e05831c00f8687891ab1b10b5",slug:"multilingualism-interdisciplinary-topics",bookSignature:"Xiaoming Jiang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10658.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"189844",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiaoming",surname:"Jiang",slug:"xiaoming-jiang",fullName:"Xiaoming Jiang"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9037",title:"Types of Nonverbal Communication",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b0dbec02150cdf49e7a1d49326a35273",slug:"types-of-nonverbal-communication",bookSignature:"Xiaoming Jiang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9037.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"189844",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiaoming",surname:"Jiang",slug:"xiaoming-jiang",fullName:"Xiaoming Jiang"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6494",title:"Behavior Analysis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"72a81a7163705b2765f9eb0b21dec70e",slug:"behavior-analysis",bookSignature:"Huei-Tse Hou and Carolyn S. Ryan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6494.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"96493",title:"Prof.",name:"Huei Tse",surname:"Hou",slug:"huei-tse-hou",fullName:"Huei Tse Hou"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9052",title:"Psychoanalysis",subtitle:"A New Overview",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"69cc7a085f5417038f532cf11edee22f",slug:"psychoanalysis-a-new-overview",bookSignature:"Floriana Irtelli, Barbara Marchesi and Federico Durbano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9052.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"174641",title:"Dr.",name:"Floriana",surname:"Irtelli",slug:"floriana-irtelli",fullName:"Floriana Irtelli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10981",title:"Sport Psychology in Sports, Exercise and Physical Activity",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5214c44bdc42978449de0751ca364684",slug:"sport-psychology-in-sports-exercise-and-physical-activity",bookSignature:"Hilde G. Nielsen",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10981.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"158692",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Hilde",surname:"Nielsen",slug:"hilde-nielsen",fullName:"Hilde Nielsen"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10211",title:"The Science of Emotional Intelligence",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"447fc7884303a10093bc189f4c82dd47",slug:"the-science-of-emotional-intelligence",bookSignature:"Simon George Taukeni",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10211.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"202046",title:"Dr.",name:"Simon George",surname:"Taukeni",slug:"simon-george-taukeni",fullName:"Simon George Taukeni"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7811",title:"Beauty",subtitle:"Cosmetic Science, Cultural Issues and Creative Developments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5f6fd59694706550db8dd1082a8e457b",slug:"beauty-cosmetic-science-cultural-issues-and-creative-developments",bookSignature:"Martha Peaslee Levine and Júlia Scherer Santos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7811.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"186919",title:"Dr.",name:"Martha",surname:"Peaslee Levine",slug:"martha-peaslee-levine",fullName:"Martha Peaslee Levine"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"28882",title:"Infectious Disease and Personal Protection Techniques for Infection Control in Dentistry",doi:"10.5772/34326",slug:"infectious-disease-and-personal-protection-techniques-for-infection-control-in-dentistry",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/28882.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/28882",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/28882",totalDownloads:4832,totalViews:134,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,totalAltmetricsMentions:0,impactScore:1,impactScorePercentile:53,impactScoreQuartile:3,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"April 29th 2011",dateReviewed:"October 7th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"February 22nd 2012",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/28882",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/28882",book:{id:"1820",slug:"infection-control-updates"},signatures:"Bahadır Kan and Mehmet Ali Altay",authors:[{id:"99656",title:"Dr.",name:"Bahadir",middleName:null,surname:"Kan",fullName:"Bahadir Kan",slug:"bahadir-kan",email:"bahadirk@hacettepe.edu.tr",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"131781",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Altay",fullName:"Mehmet Ali Altay",slug:"mehmet-ali-altay",email:"malialtay@hotmail.com",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1820",type:"book",title:"Infection Control",subtitle:"Updates",fullTitle:"Infection Control - Updates",slug:"infection-control-updates",publishedDate:"February 22nd 2012",bookSignature:"Christopher Sudhakar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1820.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0055-3",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6819-5",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:15,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"95455",title:"Dr.",name:"Christopher",middleName:null,surname:"Sudhakar",slug:"christopher-sudhakar",fullName:"Christopher Sudhakar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1135"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"28875",type:"chapter",title:"Healthcare Associated Infections: Nuisance in the Modern Medical Epoch",slug:"healthcare-associated-infections-a-nuisance-in-the-modern-medical-epoch",totalDownloads:2469,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Aamer Ikram and Luqman Satti",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"101405",title:"Dr.",name:"Aamer",middleName:null,surname:"Ikram",fullName:"Aamer Ikram",slug:"aamer-ikram"},{id:"115489",title:"Dr.",name:"Luqman",middleName:null,surname:"Satti",fullName:"Luqman Satti",slug:"luqman-satti"}]},{id:"28876",type:"chapter",title:"Health Care Associated Infections: Sources and Routes of Transmission",slug:"sources-and-routes-of-infection",totalDownloads:9442,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Hans Jørn Kolmos",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"108464",title:"Prof.",name:"Hans Joern",middleName:null,surname:"Kolmos",fullName:"Hans Joern Kolmos",slug:"hans-joern-kolmos"}]},{id:"28877",type:"chapter",title:"Models of Hospital Acquired Infection",slug:"how-to-model-infections-acquired-in-hospital",totalDownloads:2945,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Pietro Coen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"96192",title:"Dr.",name:"Pietro",middleName:null,surname:"Coen",fullName:"Pietro Coen",slug:"pietro-coen"}]},{id:"28878",type:"chapter",title:"Infection Control in Developing World",slug:"infection-control-in-developing-world",totalDownloads:3455,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Lul Raka and Gjyle Mulliqi-Osmani",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"94732",title:"Prof.",name:"Lul",middleName:null,surname:"Raka",fullName:"Lul Raka",slug:"lul-raka"},{id:"133804",title:"Prof.",name:"Gjyle",middleName:null,surname:"Mulliqi-Osmani",fullName:"Gjyle Mulliqi-Osmani",slug:"gjyle-mulliqi-osmani"}]},{id:"28879",type:"chapter",title:"Prevention of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in Patients on Hemodialysis",slug:"prevention-of-infection-on-venous-catheter-in-hemodialysis-a-systematic-review",totalDownloads:2757,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Dulce Barbosa, Mônica Taminato, Dayana Fram, Cibele Grothe and Angélica Belasco",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"102105",title:"Dr.",name:"Dulce",middleName:null,surname:"Barbosa",fullName:"Dulce Barbosa",slug:"dulce-barbosa"},{id:"103310",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Angelica",middleName:null,surname:"Belasco",fullName:"Angelica Belasco",slug:"angelica-belasco"},{id:"103311",title:"MSc.",name:"Dayana",middleName:null,surname:"Fram",fullName:"Dayana Fram",slug:"dayana-fram"},{id:"103316",title:"Dr.",name:"Monica",middleName:null,surname:"Taminato",fullName:"Monica Taminato",slug:"monica-taminato"}]},{id:"28880",type:"chapter",title:"Implementation of MRSA Infection Prevention and Control Measures – What Works in Practice?",slug:"implementation-of-mrsa-interventions-what-works-",totalDownloads:2946,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Jobke Wentzel, Nienke de Jong, Joyce Karreman and Lisette van Gemert-Pijnen",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"108753",title:"Prof.",name:"Julia",middleName:null,surname:"Van Gemert-Pijnen",fullName:"Julia Van Gemert-Pijnen",slug:"julia-van-gemert-pijnen"},{id:"131938",title:"MSc.",name:"Jobke",middleName:null,surname:"Wentzel",fullName:"Jobke Wentzel",slug:"jobke-wentzel"},{id:"132639",title:"MSc.",name:"Nienke",middleName:null,surname:"De Jong",fullName:"Nienke De Jong",slug:"nienke-de-jong"},{id:"132640",title:"Dr.",name:"Joyce",middleName:null,surname:"Karreman",fullName:"Joyce Karreman",slug:"joyce-karreman"}]},{id:"28881",type:"chapter",title:"Implementation of a Need Based Participatory Training Program on Hospital Infection Control: A Clinical Practice Improvement Project",slug:"infection-control-practice-improvement",totalDownloads:3060,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Christopher Sudhaker",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"95455",title:"Dr.",name:"Christopher",middleName:null,surname:"Sudhakar",fullName:"Christopher Sudhakar",slug:"christopher-sudhakar"}]},{id:"28882",type:"chapter",title:"Infectious Disease and Personal Protection Techniques for Infection Control in Dentistry",slug:"infectious-disease-and-personal-protection-techniques-for-infection-control-in-dentistry",totalDownloads:4832,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Bahadır Kan and Mehmet Ali Altay",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"99656",title:"Dr.",name:"Bahadir",middleName:null,surname:"Kan",fullName:"Bahadir Kan",slug:"bahadir-kan"},{id:"131781",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Altay",fullName:"Mehmet Ali Altay",slug:"mehmet-ali-altay"}]},{id:"28883",type:"chapter",title:"Skin Irritation Caused by Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs",slug:"skin-irritation-caused-by-alcohol-based-hand-rubs",totalDownloads:4865,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Nobuyuki Yamamoto",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"97691",title:"Dr.",name:"Nobuyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Yamamoto",fullName:"Nobuyuki Yamamoto",slug:"nobuyuki-yamamoto"}]},{id:"28884",type:"chapter",title:"Heteroresistance",slug:"heteroresistance",totalDownloads:2648,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Meletis Georgios",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"98380",title:"Dr.",name:"Georgios",middleName:null,surname:"Meletis",fullName:"Georgios Meletis",slug:"georgios-meletis"}]},{id:"28885",type:"chapter",title:"Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Newer β-Lactamases: An Emerging Resistance Threat",slug:"pseudomonas-aeruginosa-and-newer-lactamases-an-emerging-resistance-threat",totalDownloads:4017,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Silpi Basak, Ruchita O. Attal and Monali Rajurkar",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"101476",title:"Dr.",name:"Silpi",middleName:null,surname:"Basak",fullName:"Silpi Basak",slug:"silpi-basak"},{id:"105781",title:"Dr.",name:"Ruchita",middleName:null,surname:"Attal",fullName:"Ruchita Attal",slug:"ruchita-attal"},{id:"105782",title:"Dr.",name:"Monali",middleName:"Narayanrao",surname:"Rajurkar",fullName:"Monali Rajurkar",slug:"monali-rajurkar"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1811",title:"Public Health",subtitle:"Social and Behavioral Health",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"93597bfaec819d81d8764fde5784fc02",slug:"public-health-social-and-behavioral-health",bookSignature:"Jay Maddock",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1811.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67153",title:"Prof.",name:"Jay",surname:"Maddock",slug:"jay-maddock",fullName:"Jay Maddock"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"36932",title:"The IDEFICS Intervention Toolbox - A Guide to Successful Obesity Prevention at Community Level",slug:"the-idefics-intervention-toolbox-a-guide-to-successful-obesity-prevention-at-community-level",signatures:"Vera Verbestel, Stefaan De Henauw, Staffan Marild, Stefan Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann, Laura Fernández Celemín, Katharina Gallois, Holger Hassel and Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij",authors:[{id:"117316",title:"Dr.",name:"Stefan",middleName:null,surname:"Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann",fullName:"Stefan Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann",slug:"stefan-storcksdieck-genannt-bonsmann"},{id:"117639",title:"Prof.",name:"Stefaan",middleName:null,surname:"De Henauw",fullName:"Stefaan De Henauw",slug:"stefaan-de-henauw"},{id:"117640",title:"Ms.",name:"Vera",middleName:null,surname:"Verbestel",fullName:"Vera Verbestel",slug:"vera-verbestel"},{id:"117642",title:"Prof.",name:"Ilse",middleName:null,surname:"De Bourdeaudhuij",fullName:"Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij",slug:"ilse-de-bourdeaudhuij"},{id:"117643",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Fernández Celemín",fullName:"Laura Fernández Celemín",slug:"laura-fernandez-celemin"},{id:"117645",title:"Prof.",name:"Staffan",middleName:null,surname:"Marild",fullName:"Staffan Marild",slug:"staffan-marild"},{id:"146543",title:"Ms.",name:"Katharina",middleName:null,surname:"Gallois",fullName:"Katharina Gallois",slug:"katharina-gallois"},{id:"146544",title:"Prof.",name:"Holger",middleName:null,surname:"Hassel",fullName:"Holger Hassel",slug:"holger-hassel"}]},{id:"36933",title:"Testing the Assumptions of Stage of Change for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Naturalistic Study",slug:"an-ecological-model-of-sun-protection",signatures:"Jay E. Maddock, Jodi D. Barnett, Carrie S. Marshall and Claudio R. Nigg",authors:[{id:"67153",title:"Prof.",name:"Jay",middleName:null,surname:"Maddock",fullName:"Jay Maddock",slug:"jay-maddock"},{id:"67953",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"O'Riordan",fullName:"David O'Riordan",slug:"david-o'riordan"}]},{id:"36934",title:"Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Rural Southern African American Communities",slug:"strategies-for-cardiovascular-disease-prevention-in-rural-communities",signatures:"Ralphenia D. Pace, Norma L. Dawkins and Melissa Johnson",authors:[{id:"114757",title:"Dr.",name:"Ralphenia",middleName:null,surname:"Pace",fullName:"Ralphenia Pace",slug:"ralphenia-pace"},{id:"115288",title:"Ms.",name:"Melissa",middleName:null,surname:"Johnson",fullName:"Melissa Johnson",slug:"melissa-johnson"},{id:"115289",title:"Dr.",name:"Norma",middleName:null,surname:"Dawkins",fullName:"Norma Dawkins",slug:"norma-dawkins"}]},{id:"36935",title:"Gender Differences in Food Choice and Dietary Intake in Modern Western Societies",slug:"gender-differences-in-food-choice-and-dietary-intake-in-modern-western-societies",signatures:"Claudia Arganini, Anna Saba, Raffaella Comitato, Fabio Virgili and Aida Turrini",authors:[{id:"114665",title:"Dr.",name:"Aida",middleName:null,surname:"Turrini",fullName:"Aida Turrini",slug:"aida-turrini"},{id:"116008",title:"Dr.",name:"Claudia",middleName:null,surname:"Arganini",fullName:"Claudia Arganini",slug:"claudia-arganini"},{id:"116171",title:"MSc.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Saba",fullName:"Anna Saba",slug:"anna-saba"},{id:"116173",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabio",middleName:null,surname:"Virgili",fullName:"Fabio Virgili",slug:"fabio-virgili"},{id:"116174",title:"Dr.",name:"Raffaella",middleName:null,surname:"Comitato",fullName:"Raffaella Comitato",slug:"raffaella-comitato"}]},{id:"36936",title:"Iron Food Fortification for the Control of Childhood Anemia in Brazil",slug:"iron-food-fortification-for-the-control-of-childhood-anemia-in-brazil",signatures:"Joel Alves Lamounier, Flávio Diniz Capanema and Daniela Silva Rocha",authors:[{id:"113671",title:"Prof.",name:"Joel",middleName:null,surname:"Lamounier",fullName:"Joel Lamounier",slug:"joel-lamounier"},{id:"116678",title:"Dr.",name:"Flávio",middleName:"Diniz",surname:"Capanema",fullName:"Flávio Capanema",slug:"flavio-capanema"},{id:"143026",title:"Prof.",name:"Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Rocha",fullName:"Daniela Rocha",slug:"daniela-rocha"}]},{id:"36937",title:"Economic Stressors and Childhood Obesity: Differences by Child Age and Gender",slug:"economic-stressors-and-childhood-obesity-differences-by-child-age-and-gender",signatures:"Steven Garasky, Craig Gundersen, Susan D. Stewart, Joey C. Eisenmann and Brenda J. Lohman",authors:[{id:"112432",title:"Dr.",name:"Steven",middleName:null,surname:"Garasky",fullName:"Steven Garasky",slug:"steven-garasky"},{id:"112439",title:"Dr.",name:"Craig",middleName:null,surname:"Gundersen",fullName:"Craig Gundersen",slug:"craig-gundersen"},{id:"115446",title:"Dr.",name:"Susan",middleName:null,surname:"Stewart",fullName:"Susan Stewart",slug:"susan-stewart"},{id:"115447",title:"Dr.",name:"Joey",middleName:null,surname:"Eisenmann",fullName:"Joey Eisenmann",slug:"joey-eisenmann"},{id:"115448",title:"Dr.",name:"Brenda",middleName:null,surname:"Lohman",fullName:"Brenda Lohman",slug:"brenda-lohman"}]},{id:"36938",title:"Critical Appraisal of Selected Body Composition Data Acquisition Techniques in Public Health",slug:"critical-appraisal-of-selected-body-composition-data-acquisition-techniques-in-public-health",signatures:"Steven Provyn, Aldo Scafoglieri, Jonathan Tresignie, Céline Lumé, Jan Pieter Clarys and Ivan Bautmans",authors:[{id:"12649",title:"Prof.",name:"Steven",middleName:null,surname:"Provyn",fullName:"Steven Provyn",slug:"steven-provyn"}]},{id:"36939",title:"Physical Activity, Inactivity, and Nutrition Behavior Among Children: Investigating Compensation and Transfer Effects",slug:"physical-activity-inactivity-and-nutrition-behavior-among-children-investigating-compensation-and-tr",signatures:"Judith Väth, Katie Amato and Claudio R. Nigg",authors:[{id:"103308",title:"Dr.",name:"Claudio",middleName:null,surname:"Nigg",fullName:"Claudio Nigg",slug:"claudio-nigg"},{id:"103313",title:"Ms.",name:"Judith",middleName:null,surname:"Väth",fullName:"Judith Väth",slug:"judith-vath"}]},{id:"36940",title:"U.S. Food Policy and Obesity",slug:"food-policy-and-obesity",signatures:"Julian M. Alston, Abigail M. Okrent and Joanna C. Parks",authors:[{id:"108561",title:"Prof.",name:"Julian",middleName:null,surname:"Alston",fullName:"Julian Alston",slug:"julian-alston"},{id:"108564",title:"Dr.",name:"Abigail",middleName:null,surname:"Okrent",fullName:"Abigail Okrent",slug:"abigail-okrent"},{id:"108565",title:"Dr.",name:"Joanna",middleName:"C",surname:"Parks",fullName:"Joanna Parks",slug:"joanna-parks"}]},{id:"36941",title:"Alcohol Consumption Among Adolescents in Estonia 1994 - 2010",slug:"alcohol-consumption-among-adolescents-in-estonia-1994-2010",signatures:"Kersti Pärna, Mariliis Tael, Inge Ringmets and Katrin Aasvee",authors:[{id:"52080",title:"Dr",name:"Kersti",middleName:null,surname:"Pärna",fullName:"Kersti Pärna",slug:"kersti-parna"},{id:"116168",title:"MSc.",name:"Mariliis",middleName:null,surname:"Tael",fullName:"Mariliis Tael",slug:"mariliis-tael"},{id:"116170",title:"MSc.",name:"Inge",middleName:null,surname:"Ringmets",fullName:"Inge Ringmets",slug:"inge-ringmets"},{id:"140775",title:"Dr.",name:"Katrin",middleName:null,surname:"Aasvee",fullName:"Katrin Aasvee",slug:"katrin-aasvee"}]},{id:"36942",title:"Public Health and Indigenous Australian Gambling: Risky Lifestyle or Harmless Recreation?",slug:"public-health-and-indigenous-australian-gambling-risky-lifestyle-or-harmless-recreation",signatures:"Helen Breen, Nerilee Hing and Ashley Gordon",authors:[{id:"110956",title:"Prof.",name:"Nerilee",middleName:null,surname:"Hing",fullName:"Nerilee Hing",slug:"nerilee-hing"},{id:"110957",title:"Dr.",name:"Helen",middleName:null,surname:"Breen",fullName:"Helen Breen",slug:"helen-breen"}]},{id:"36943",title:"Self Medication, Drug Dependency and Self-Managed Health Care - A Review",slug:"self-medication-drug-dependency-and-self-managed-health-care-a-review",signatures:"A. O. Afolabi",authors:[{id:"107629",title:"Dr.",name:"Adedapo",middleName:null,surname:"Afolabi",fullName:"Adedapo Afolabi",slug:"adedapo-afolabi"}]},{id:"36944",title:"The Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Risk Behaviour: A Systematic Literature Review of High-Risk Groups, with a Focus on South Africa",slug:"the-relationship-between-alcohol-consumption-and-hiv-risk-behaviour-a-systematic-literature-review-o",signatures:"Manuela G. Neuman, Michelle Schneider, Radu M. Nanau, Charles Parry and Matthew Chersich",authors:[{id:"87718",title:"MSc.",name:"Michelle",middleName:null,surname:"Schneider",fullName:"Michelle Schneider",slug:"michelle-schneider"}]},{id:"36945",title:"Challenges in Healthcare in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Communication as a Barrier to Achieving Health Equity",slug:"communication-and-dialog-in-a-multiethnic-population",signatures:"Emine Kale and Bernadette Nirmal Kumar",authors:[{id:"116274",title:"Dr.",name:"Emine",middleName:null,surname:"Kale",fullName:"Emine Kale",slug:"emine-kale"},{id:"116276",title:"Dr.",name:"Bernadette",middleName:null,surname:"Nirmal Kumar",fullName:"Bernadette Nirmal Kumar",slug:"bernadette-nirmal-kumar"}]},{id:"36946",title:"Public Health Research and Action: Reflections on Challenges and Possibilities of Community-Based Participatory Research",slug:"public-health-research-and-action-reflections-on-challenges-and-possibilities-of-community-based-par",signatures:"S. Lazarus, B. Duran, L. Caldwell and S. Bulbulia",authors:[{id:"117130",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandy",middleName:null,surname:"Lazarus",fullName:"Sandy Lazarus",slug:"sandy-lazarus"},{id:"136803",title:"Dr.",name:"Bonnie",middleName:null,surname:"Duran",fullName:"Bonnie Duran",slug:"bonnie-duran"},{id:"136804",title:"Dr.",name:"Leon",middleName:null,surname:"Caldwell",fullName:"Leon Caldwell",slug:"leon-caldwell"},{id:"136805",title:"Mr.",name:"Samed",middleName:null,surname:"Bulbulia",fullName:"Samed Bulbulia",slug:"samed-bulbulia"}]},{id:"36947",title:"Nature Therapy and Preventive Medicine",slug:"nature-therapy-and-preventive-medicine",signatures:"Juyoung Lee, Qing Li, Liisa Tyrväinen, Yuko Tsunetsugu, Bum-Jin Park, Takahide Kagawa and Yoshifumi Miyazaki",authors:[{id:"113955",title:"Dr.",name:"Juyoung",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Juyoung Lee",slug:"juyoung-lee"},{id:"138631",title:"Prof.",name:"Qing",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Qing Li",slug:"qing-li"},{id:"138632",title:"Prof.",name:"Liisa",middleName:null,surname:"Tyrväinen",fullName:"Liisa Tyrväinen",slug:"liisa-tyrvainen"},{id:"138633",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuko",middleName:null,surname:"Tsunetsugu",fullName:"Yuko Tsunetsugu",slug:"yuko-tsunetsugu"},{id:"138634",title:"Prof.",name:"Bum-Jin",middleName:null,surname:"Park",fullName:"Bum-Jin Park",slug:"bum-jin-park"},{id:"138635",title:"Dr.",name:"Takahide",middleName:null,surname:"Kagawa",fullName:"Takahide Kagawa",slug:"takahide-kagawa"},{id:"138636",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoshifumi",middleName:null,surname:"Miyazaki",fullName:"Yoshifumi Miyazaki",slug:"yoshifumi-miyazaki"}]},{id:"36948",title:"How Can the Empowerment Role of Public Health Nurses (PHNs) Be Fostered? A Review of an Exploratory Research Study Conducted in Ireland and Current Evidence",slug:"how-can-the-empowerment-role-of-public-health-nurses-phns-be-fostered-a-review-of-an-exploratory-res",signatures:"Teresa Cawley",authors:[{id:"109350",title:"Ms.",name:"Teresa",middleName:null,surname:"Cawley",fullName:"Teresa Cawley",slug:"teresa-cawley"}]},{id:"36949",title:"Disseminating an Evidence-Based Disease Self-Management Program for Older Americans: Implications for Diversifying Participant Reach Through Delivery Site Adoption",slug:"assessing-evidence-based-programs-for-older-americans-implications-for-diversifying-participant-reac",signatures:"Matthew Lee Smith, Basia Belza, Mary Altpeter, SangNam Ahn, Justin B. Dickerson and Marcia G. Ory",authors:[{id:"109516",title:"Dr.",name:"Matthew",middleName:null,surname:"Smith",fullName:"Matthew Smith",slug:"matthew-smith"},{id:"109648",title:"Mr.",name:"Justin",middleName:null,surname:"Dickerson",fullName:"Justin Dickerson",slug:"justin-dickerson"},{id:"116483",title:"Dr.",name:"Basia",middleName:null,surname:"Belza",fullName:"Basia Belza",slug:"basia-belza"},{id:"116484",title:"Dr.",name:"Mary",middleName:null,surname:"Altpeter",fullName:"Mary Altpeter",slug:"mary-altpeter"},{id:"116485",title:"Dr.",name:"SangNam",middleName:null,surname:"Ahn",fullName:"SangNam Ahn",slug:"sangnam-ahn"},{id:"116486",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcia",middleName:null,surname:"Ory",fullName:"Marcia Ory",slug:"marcia-ory"}]},{id:"36950",title:"Strategy and Practice of Support for Families with Multiple Births Children: Combination of Evidence-Based Public Health (EBPH) and Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) Approach",slug:"strategy-and-practice-of-support-for-families-with-multiple-births-children-combination-of-evidence-",signatures:"Syuichi Ooki and Kiyomi Hiko",authors:[{id:"107107",title:"Prof.",name:"Syuichi",middleName:null,surname:"Ooki",fullName:"Syuichi Ooki",slug:"syuichi-ooki"},{id:"121205",title:"Dr.",name:"Kiyomi",middleName:null,surname:"HIko",fullName:"Kiyomi HIko",slug:"kiyomi-hiko"}]},{id:"36957",title:"TB Control in Prisons",slug:"tuberculosis-control-in-prisons",signatures:"J. Noeske",authors:[{id:"110737",title:"Dr.",name:"Jürgen",middleName:null,surname:"Noeske",fullName:"Jürgen Noeske",slug:"jurgen-noeske"}]},{id:"36958",title:"Social Determinants of Health in Deaf Communities",slug:"social-determinants-of-health-disparities-deaf-communities",signatures:"Scott R. Smith and Nancy P. Chin",authors:[{id:"105528",title:"Dr.",name:"Scott",middleName:null,surname:"Smith",fullName:"Scott Smith",slug:"scott-smith"},{id:"115286",title:"Prof.",name:"Nancy",middleName:null,surname:"Chin",fullName:"Nancy Chin",slug:"nancy-chin"}]},{id:"36959",title:"Anxiety and Emotional Discomfort in the School Environment: The Interplay of School Processes, Learning Strategies, and Children's Mental Health",slug:"anxiety-and-depression-in-the-school-environment-the-interplay-of-school-processes-learning-strateis",signatures:"L. Tramonte and J. D. Willms",authors:[{id:"117527",title:"Dr.",name:"Lucia",middleName:null,surname:"Tramonte",fullName:"Lucia Tramonte",slug:"lucia-tramonte"},{id:"119002",title:"Dr.",name:"Jon Douglas",middleName:null,surname:"Willms",fullName:"Jon Douglas Willms",slug:"jon-douglas-willms"}]},{id:"36960",title:"Re-Emergence of HIV Infection and Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex with Men",slug:"re-emergence-of-hiv-infection-and-syphilis-among-men-who-have-sex-with-men",signatures:"Maria Antonella Di Benedetto, Nino Romano and Alberto Firenze",authors:[{id:"112350",title:"Prof.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Firenze",fullName:"Alberto Firenze",slug:"alberto-firenze"}]},{id:"36961",title:"Gun Violence in the United States: A Public Health Epidemic",slug:"gun-violence-in-the-united-states-a-public-health-epidemic",signatures:"Amy J. Thompson",authors:[{id:"112723",title:"Dr.",name:"Amy",middleName:null,surname:"Thompson",fullName:"Amy Thompson",slug:"amy-thompson"}]},{id:"36962",title:"The Public Health Intervention of Skin Care for All: Community Dermatology",slug:"the-public-health-intervention-of-skin-care-for-all-community-dermology",signatures:"Terence J. Ryan, Steven J. Ersser and Lucinda Claire Fuller",authors:[{id:"107863",title:"Prof.",name:"Terence John",middleName:null,surname:"Ryan",fullName:"Terence John Ryan",slug:"terence-john-ryan"},{id:"138623",title:"Dr.",name:"Claire",middleName:null,surname:"Fuller",fullName:"Claire Fuller",slug:"claire-fuller"},{id:"142804",title:"Prof.",name:"Stephen",middleName:null,surname:"Ersser",fullName:"Stephen Ersser",slug:"stephen-ersser"}]},{id:"36963",title:"Addressing Asthma from a Public Health Perspective",slug:"addressing-asthma-from-a-public-health-perspective",signatures:"Adam Davis and Mindy Benson",authors:[{id:"109616",title:"Mr.",name:"Adam",middleName:null,surname:"Davis",fullName:"Adam Davis",slug:"adam-davis"},{id:"127698",title:"Mrs.",name:"Mindy",middleName:null,surname:"Benson",fullName:"Mindy Benson",slug:"mindy-benson"}]},{id:"36964",title:"An Integrated Theoretical Framework to Describe Human Trafficking of Young Women and Girls for Involuntary Prostitution",slug:"an-intergrated-theoretical-framework-to-describe-human-trafficking-of-young-women-and-girls-for-invo",signatures:"Thozama Mandisa Lutya and Mark Lanier",authors:[{id:"111089",title:"Ms.",name:"Thozama",middleName:"Mandisa",surname:"Lutya",fullName:"Thozama Lutya",slug:"thozama-lutya"},{id:"111110",title:"Prof.",name:"Mark",middleName:null,surname:"Lanier",fullName:"Mark Lanier",slug:"mark-lanier"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1811",title:"Public Health",subtitle:"Social and Behavioral Health",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"93597bfaec819d81d8764fde5784fc02",slug:"public-health-social-and-behavioral-health",bookSignature:"Jay Maddock",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1811.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67153",title:"Prof.",name:"Jay",surname:"Maddock",slug:"jay-maddock",fullName:"Jay Maddock"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1820",title:"Infection Control",subtitle:"Updates",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e81e237a0379f680e6a159b6963e7871",slug:"infection-control-updates",bookSignature:"Christopher Sudhakar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1820.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"95455",title:"Dr.",name:"Christopher",surname:"Sudhakar",slug:"christopher-sudhakar",fullName:"Christopher Sudhakar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2289",title:"Public Health",subtitle:"Methodology, Environmental and Systems Issues",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c23d3d6a58e69be8a876d9772022a52d",slug:"public-health-methodology-environmental-and-systems-issues",bookSignature:"Jay Maddock",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2289.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"67153",title:"Prof.",name:"Jay",surname:"Maddock",slug:"jay-maddock",fullName:"Jay Maddock"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3453",title:"Infection Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b85a2fb3c8ea8c11034e436a8389bd3c",slug:"infection-control",bookSignature:"Silpi Basak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3453.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"101476",title:"Dr.",name:"Silpi",surname:"Basak",slug:"silpi-basak",fullName:"Silpi Basak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6589",title:"Smoking Prevention and Cessation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3027e9088771d92f60efe13c5460fef7",slug:"smoking-prevention-and-cessation",bookSignature:"Mirjana Rajer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6589.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"194329",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mirjana",surname:"Rajer",slug:"mirjana-rajer",fullName:"Mirjana Rajer"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"1820",title:"Infection Control",subtitle:"Updates",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e81e237a0379f680e6a159b6963e7871",slug:"infection-control-updates",bookSignature:"Christopher Sudhakar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1820.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"95455",title:"Dr.",name:"Christopher",surname:"Sudhakar",slug:"christopher-sudhakar",fullName:"Christopher Sudhakar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"77286",title:"Plasmodium Species and Drug Resistance",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.98344",slug:"plasmodium-species-and-drug-resistance",body:'Malaria is a leading public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The disease is caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted by the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. In 2019, there were an estimated 229 million malaria cases and 409, 000 deaths due the disease in the world. Children aged under 5 years are the most vulnerable group, which accounted for 67% of all malaria deaths occurred in 2019. Nearly 94% of all malaria cases in 2019 occurred in Africa [1].
In addition to its health burden, malaria has also placed a heavy economic burden in Africa. Since 2000, the average annual cost of case management alone has been estimated nearly USD 300 million in Africa [2]. One of the main challenges of controlling malaria is the evolution of drug resistant strains of Plasmodium species against available antimalarial drugs [3, 4, 5]. In this chapter, antimalarial drugs resistance has been discussed. Furthermore, the life cycle, clinical features and chemotherapy of the different species of human malaria parasites have been discussed.
Malaria is caused by protozoan parasites that belongs to the genus Plasmodium. There are over 200 plasmodium species that have been proven to cause malaria. But human malaria is caused by only by five Plasmodium species, namely: -
The life cycle of human malaria parasites is generally the same [14]. The plasmodium life cycle involves two hosts (has two parts). In the first part, the parasite infects a vertebrate host such as human being and in the second part, the plasmodium parasite infects the mosquito vector.
The Plasmodium life cycle starts when sporozoites enter the blood of the vertebrate host following a bite by the mosquito vector [15]. Then, the sporozoites rapidly move to the liver and invade hepatocytes where they multiply asexually by a process called schizogony (exo-erythrocytic schizogony) and produce merozoites [16, 17]. The merozoites are released back into the blood and infect erythrocytes [18]. In only
The second part of the plasmodium life cycle starts when the insect vector bites infected vertebrate host (such as infected person) and the insect ingests the blood containing gametocytes. The gametocyte completes its development in the lumen of the mosquito midgut and the male and the female gametes fuse to produce a zygote [22], which is the only stage with diploid chromosome (genome) [23].
Following fertilization, the zygote undergoes meiosis and differentiates into ookinete (motile form) that has a haploid genome [24]. Then ookinete penetrates the wall of the midgut of the mosquito and forms an oocyst [25]. In the oocyst, mitosis take place repeatedly, and numerous sporozoites are produced by sporogony [26, 27]. When the oocyst matures, it ruptures and releases sporozoites into the haemolymph. Then, the sporozoites migrate to the salivary glands, where they mature and acquire the capacity to infect vertebrate host cells [28]. This cycle (second part of the plasmodium parasite life cycle (from gametocytes to sporozoites) takes about 10–18 days.
The average incubation period of
The WHO recommends Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) as first-line treatment for uncomplicated
The recommended first-line treatment of uncomplicated
The burden of
Usually,
The parasite exists in South East Asia [62].
In humans, the parasite can cause both sever and uncomplicated malaria [67]. Uncomplicated
In addition to
Zoonotic malaria has also been reported from other parts of the world. Zoonotic malaria that are caused by
There are five groups of antimalarial drugs that are currently used for treatment of human malaria, that are classified on basis of their structure and action [77, 78]. The five classes include: - (1). antifolates (pyrimethamine, proguanil, sulfadoxine), (2). 4-aminoquinolines (like chloroquine, amodiaquine, hydroxychloroquine, and aryl amino alcohols (such as quinine, mefloquine) (3). Endoperoxides (like artemisinin and its derivatives), (4) naphthoquinones (like atovaquone), and (5). 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine, tafenoquine). 4- aminoquinolines, anitifolates, naphthoquinones and aryl amino alcohols cause inhibition by detoxification of haem, pyrimidine biosynthesis and mitochondrial cytochrome b involved in oxidoreduction, respectively. Whereas endoperoxides, such as artemisinin, act on multiple cellular processes involving reactive oxygen species in Plasmodium cells [78].
One of the major challenges to control malaria is the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug-resistant plasmodium parasites [3, 4, 5]. The most important plasmodium parasites (
The artemisinin and its derivatives in ACTs confer rapid and potent effectiveness, whereas their partner drugs are longer-lived antimalarial (such as lumefantrine, mefloquine, piperaquine (PPQ), amodiaquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine). The reason for use of ACTs is the fact that the artemisinin and its derivatives rapidly eliminate the majority of the parasites within days by mechanisms that are distinct from those of the partner drug, which eliminates residual parasites over weeks, so that parasites that may develop resistance to the artemisinin drug would still be eliminated by the partner drug [86].
There is also widespread resistance of
Chloroquine targets the polymerization of free haem (the toxic substance for the parasite) within the food vacuole of the parasite. The drug disrupts haemozoin formation so that the parasite dies by the effect of the poisonous haem. The mechanism of chloroquine resistance is drug efflux via the
Sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine inhibit two enzymes of
Malaria remains the major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Human malaria is caused by five Plasmodium species, namely
I would like to thank IntechOpen for giving me the opportunity to write a book chapter on malaria, which is the very important parasitic disease in SSA Africa.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
The Internet has irrevocably changed the dynamics of scholarly communication and publishing. Consequently, we find it necessary to indicate, unambiguously, our definition of what we consider to be a published scientific work.
",metaTitle:"Prior Publication Policy",metaDescription:"Prior Publication Policy",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/prior-publication-policy",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"A significant number of working papers, early drafts, and similar work in progress are openly shared online between members of the scientific community. It has become common to announce one’s own research on a personal website or a blog to gather comments and suggestions from other researchers. Such works and online postings are, indeed, published in the sense that they are made publicly available. However, this does not mean that if submitted for publication by IntechOpen they are not original works. We differentiate between reviewed and non-reviewed works when determining whether a work is original and has been published in a scholarly sense or not.
\\n\\nThe significance of Peer Review cannot be overstated when it comes to defining, in our terms, what constitutes a published scientific work. Peer Review is widely considered to be the cornerstone of modern publishing processes and the key value-adding contribution to a scholarly manuscript that a publisher can make.
\\n\\nOther than the issue of originality, research misconduct is another major issue that all publishers have to address. IntechOpen’s Retraction & Correction Policy and various publication ethics guidelines identify both redundant publication and (self)plagiarism to fall within the definition of research misconduct, thus constituting grounds for rejection or the issue of a Retraction if the work has already been published.
\\n\\nIn order to facilitate the tracking of a manuscript’s publishing history and its development from its earliest draft to the manuscript submitted, we encourage Authors to disclose any instances of a manuscript’s prior publication, whether it be through a conference presentation, a newspaper article, a working paper publicly available in a repository or a blog post.
\\n\\nA note to the Academic Editor containing detailed information about a submitted manuscript’s previous public availability is the preferred means of reporting prior publication. This helps us determine if there are any earlier versions of a manuscript that should be disclosed to our readers or if any of those earlier versions should be cited and listed in a manuscript’s references.
\\n\\nSome basic information about the editorial treatment of different varieties of prior publication is laid out below:
\\n\\n1. CONFERENCE PAPERS & PRESENTATIONS
\\n\\nGiven that conference papers and presentations generally pass through some sort of peer or editorial review, we consider them to be published in the accepted scholarly sense, particularly if they are published as a part of conference proceedings.
\\n\\nAll submitted manuscripts originating from a previously published conference paper must contain at least 50% of new original content to be accepted for review and considered for publication.
\\n\\nAuthors are required to report any links their manuscript might have with their earlier conference papers and presentations in a note to the Academic Editor, as well as in the manuscript itself. Additionally, Authors should obtain any necessary permissions from the publisher of their conference paper if copyright transfer occurred during the publishing process. Failure to do so may prevent Us from publishing an otherwise worthy work.
\\n\\n2. NEWSPAPER & MAGAZINE ARTICLES
\\n\\nNewspaper and magazine articles usually do not pass through any extensive peer or editorial review and we do not consider them to be published in the scholarly sense. Articles appearing in newspapers and magazines rarely possess the depth and structure characteristic of scholarly articles.
\\n\\nSubmitted manuscripts stemming from a previous newspaper or magazine article will be accepted for review and considered for publication. However, Authors are strongly advised to report any such publication in an accompanying note to the External Editor.
\\n\\nAs with the conference papers and presentations, Authors should obtain any necessary permissions from the newspaper or magazine that published the work, and indicate that they have done so in a note to the External Editor.
\\n\\n3. GREY LITERATURE
\\n\\nWhite papers, working papers, technical reports and all other forms of papers which fall within the scope of the ‘Luxembourg definition’ of grey literature do not pass through any extensive peer or editorial review and we do not consider them to be published in the scholarly sense.
\\n\\nAlthough such papers are regularly made publicly available via personal websites and institutional repositories, their general purpose is to gather comments and feedback from Authors’ colleagues in order to further improve a manuscript intended for future publication.
\\n\\nWhen submitting their work, Authors are required to disclose the existence of any publicly available earlier drafts in a note to the Academic Editor. In cases where earlier drafts of the submitted version of the manuscript are publicly available, any overlap between the versions will generally not be considered an instance of self-plagiarism.
\\n\\n4. SOCIAL MEDIA, BLOG & MESSAGE BOARD POSTINGS
\\n\\nWe feel that social media, blogs and message boards are generally used with the same intention as grey literature, to formulate ideas for a manuscript and gather early feedback from like-minded researchers in order to improve a particular piece of work before submitting it for publication. Therefore, we do not consider such internet postings to be publication in the scholarly sense.
\\n\\nNevertheless, Authors are encouraged to disclose the existence of any internet postings in which they outline and describe their research or posted passages of their manuscripts in a note to the Academic Editor. Please note that we will not strictly enforce this request in the same way that we would instructions we consider to be part of our conditions of acceptance for publication. We understand that it may be difficult to keep track of all one’s internet postings in which the researcher´s current work might be mentioned.
\\n\\nIn cases where there is any overlap between the Author´s submitted manuscript and related internet postings, we will generally not consider it to be an instance of self-plagiarism. This also holds true for any co-Author as well.
\\n\\nFor more information on this policy please contact permissions@intechopen.com.
\\n\\nPolicy last updated: 2017-03-20
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'A significant number of working papers, early drafts, and similar work in progress are openly shared online between members of the scientific community. It has become common to announce one’s own research on a personal website or a blog to gather comments and suggestions from other researchers. Such works and online postings are, indeed, published in the sense that they are made publicly available. However, this does not mean that if submitted for publication by IntechOpen they are not original works. We differentiate between reviewed and non-reviewed works when determining whether a work is original and has been published in a scholarly sense or not.
\n\nThe significance of Peer Review cannot be overstated when it comes to defining, in our terms, what constitutes a published scientific work. Peer Review is widely considered to be the cornerstone of modern publishing processes and the key value-adding contribution to a scholarly manuscript that a publisher can make.
\n\nOther than the issue of originality, research misconduct is another major issue that all publishers have to address. IntechOpen’s Retraction & Correction Policy and various publication ethics guidelines identify both redundant publication and (self)plagiarism to fall within the definition of research misconduct, thus constituting grounds for rejection or the issue of a Retraction if the work has already been published.
\n\nIn order to facilitate the tracking of a manuscript’s publishing history and its development from its earliest draft to the manuscript submitted, we encourage Authors to disclose any instances of a manuscript’s prior publication, whether it be through a conference presentation, a newspaper article, a working paper publicly available in a repository or a blog post.
\n\nA note to the Academic Editor containing detailed information about a submitted manuscript’s previous public availability is the preferred means of reporting prior publication. This helps us determine if there are any earlier versions of a manuscript that should be disclosed to our readers or if any of those earlier versions should be cited and listed in a manuscript’s references.
\n\nSome basic information about the editorial treatment of different varieties of prior publication is laid out below:
\n\n1. CONFERENCE PAPERS & PRESENTATIONS
\n\nGiven that conference papers and presentations generally pass through some sort of peer or editorial review, we consider them to be published in the accepted scholarly sense, particularly if they are published as a part of conference proceedings.
\n\nAll submitted manuscripts originating from a previously published conference paper must contain at least 50% of new original content to be accepted for review and considered for publication.
\n\nAuthors are required to report any links their manuscript might have with their earlier conference papers and presentations in a note to the Academic Editor, as well as in the manuscript itself. Additionally, Authors should obtain any necessary permissions from the publisher of their conference paper if copyright transfer occurred during the publishing process. Failure to do so may prevent Us from publishing an otherwise worthy work.
\n\n2. NEWSPAPER & MAGAZINE ARTICLES
\n\nNewspaper and magazine articles usually do not pass through any extensive peer or editorial review and we do not consider them to be published in the scholarly sense. Articles appearing in newspapers and magazines rarely possess the depth and structure characteristic of scholarly articles.
\n\nSubmitted manuscripts stemming from a previous newspaper or magazine article will be accepted for review and considered for publication. However, Authors are strongly advised to report any such publication in an accompanying note to the External Editor.
\n\nAs with the conference papers and presentations, Authors should obtain any necessary permissions from the newspaper or magazine that published the work, and indicate that they have done so in a note to the External Editor.
\n\n3. GREY LITERATURE
\n\nWhite papers, working papers, technical reports and all other forms of papers which fall within the scope of the ‘Luxembourg definition’ of grey literature do not pass through any extensive peer or editorial review and we do not consider them to be published in the scholarly sense.
\n\nAlthough such papers are regularly made publicly available via personal websites and institutional repositories, their general purpose is to gather comments and feedback from Authors’ colleagues in order to further improve a manuscript intended for future publication.
\n\nWhen submitting their work, Authors are required to disclose the existence of any publicly available earlier drafts in a note to the Academic Editor. In cases where earlier drafts of the submitted version of the manuscript are publicly available, any overlap between the versions will generally not be considered an instance of self-plagiarism.
\n\n4. SOCIAL MEDIA, BLOG & MESSAGE BOARD POSTINGS
\n\nWe feel that social media, blogs and message boards are generally used with the same intention as grey literature, to formulate ideas for a manuscript and gather early feedback from like-minded researchers in order to improve a particular piece of work before submitting it for publication. Therefore, we do not consider such internet postings to be publication in the scholarly sense.
\n\nNevertheless, Authors are encouraged to disclose the existence of any internet postings in which they outline and describe their research or posted passages of their manuscripts in a note to the Academic Editor. Please note that we will not strictly enforce this request in the same way that we would instructions we consider to be part of our conditions of acceptance for publication. We understand that it may be difficult to keep track of all one’s internet postings in which the researcher´s current work might be mentioned.
\n\nIn cases where there is any overlap between the Author´s submitted manuscript and related internet postings, we will generally not consider it to be an instance of self-plagiarism. This also holds true for any co-Author as well.
\n\nFor more information on this policy please contact permissions@intechopen.com.
\n\nPolicy last updated: 2017-03-20
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[],filtersByRegion:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"1",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish",topicId:"6"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11645",title:"Neural Tube Defects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"08d6ba70d97767769a97cfeeb52dac78",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11645.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12214",title:"Phagocytosis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"79d7747d6e3aa6a3623ab710a7634588",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12214.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12216",title:"Cell Proliferation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d5e37e8c90c4c6cb33c25d4445574ac0",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12216.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12217",title:"Protein Interactions",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"8514f8e3d3dd0e22e87b0c4c84a6cc3a",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12217.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12218",title:"Phytochemicals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"8cb2e6bb3d9c717bb8dc44e35ed774c2",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12218.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12174",title:"Genetic Polymorphisms",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5922df051a2033c98d2edfb31dd84f8c",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12174.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12177",title:"Epigenetics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"185b00910074e8beeedd2276900a911a",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12177.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12310",title:"Advances in Transcriptome Analysis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9b0d98cf9a47e93524dbaa2eedbbcf46",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12310.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12332",title:"Resveratrol - Recent Advances, Application, and Therapeutic Potential",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"3b7fe05be184ecb8d7d79fda19259829",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12332.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12333",title:"Alkaloids",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"50ba29b67f4b54e2e38088c223b35305",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12333.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12368",title:"Histones",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b6890021008f436dcc47bf04c8e57b34",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12368.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"12369",title:"Ubiquitin",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5a82dedbd96e152e777bd10a244e5d57",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12369.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:42},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:12},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:18},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:46},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:14},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:107},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:32},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:12},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3665,editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10222",title:"Demyelination Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b6c26ceccacdde70c41c587361bd5558",slug:"demyelination-disorders",bookSignature:"Stavros J. Baloyannis, Fabian H. Rossi and Welwin Liu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10222.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1713,editors:[{id:"156098",title:"Emeritus Prof.",name:"Stavros J.",middleName:"J.",surname:"Baloyannis",slug:"stavros-j.-baloyannis",fullName:"Stavros J. Baloyannis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9544",title:"Global Trade in the Emerging Business Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb8cb09b9599246add78d508a98273d5",slug:"global-trade-in-the-emerging-business-environment",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jingbin Wang , Md. Samim Al Azad and Selim Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9544.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:2481,editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10979",title:"Parenting",subtitle:"Challenges of Child Rearing in a Changing Society",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6f345ebcf4fd61e73643c69063a12c7b",slug:"parenting-challenges-of-child-rearing-in-a-changing-society",bookSignature:"Sayyed Ali Samadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10979.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1107,editors:[{id:"52145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sayyed Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Samadi",slug:"sayyed-ali-samadi",fullName:"Sayyed Ali Samadi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9808",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb6371607c2c6c02c6a2af8892765aba",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki and Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9808.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3307,editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3266,editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10764",title:"Antenna Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2fbf1c7a5d92723f08198fc9b526a8ad",slug:"antenna-systems",bookSignature:"Hussain Al-Rizzo and Said Abushamleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10764.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1868,editors:[{id:"153384",title:"Prof.",name:"Hussain",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Rizzo",slug:"hussain-al-rizzo",fullName:"Hussain Al-Rizzo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10668",title:"Sustainability of Concrete With Synthetic and Recycled Aggregates",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"55856c6a8bc3a5b21dae5a1af09a56b6",slug:"sustainability-of-concrete-with-synthetic-and-recycled-aggregates",bookSignature:"Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10668.jpg",publishedDate:"May 4th 2022",numberOfDownloads:856,editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:null,surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1704,editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",publishedDate:"March 16th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7489,editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10871",title:"Computed-Tomography (CT) Scan",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"966d8cf74fa27eea1b9cbc9a6ee94993",slug:"computed-tomography-ct-scan",bookSignature:"Reda R. Gharieb",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10871.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda R.",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",slug:"reda-r.-gharieb",fullName:"Reda R. Gharieb"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10903",title:"Genetically Modified Plants and Beyond",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d7ed4faab99c92cd4d676dc86501df9",slug:"genetically-modified-plants-and-beyond",bookSignature:"Idah Sithole Niang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10903.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"90172",title:"Prof.",name:"Idah",middleName:null,surname:"Sithole-Niang",slug:"idah-sithole-niang",fullName:"Idah Sithole-Niang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10904",title:"Fusarium",subtitle:"An Overview of the Genus",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"49d9063e43f94bd1517d65fbc58b93c3",slug:"fusarium-an-overview-of-the-genus",bookSignature:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10904.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"100573",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed Mahyar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirmajlessi",slug:"seyed-mahyar-mirmajlessi",fullName:"Seyed Mahyar Mirmajlessi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10654",title:"Brain-Computer Interface",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a5308884068cc53ed31c6baba756857f",slug:"brain-computer-interface",bookSignature:"Vahid Asadpour",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10654.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10676",title:"Recent Applications in Graph Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"900c60742d224080732bd16bd25ccba8",slug:"recent-applications-in-graph-theory",bookSignature:"Harun Pirim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10676.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"146092",title:"Dr.",name:"Harun",middleName:null,surname:"Pirim",slug:"harun-pirim",fullName:"Harun Pirim"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11196",title:"New Updates in E-Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6afaadf68e2a0a4b370ac5ceb5ca89c6",slug:"new-updates-in-e-learning",bookSignature:"Eduard Babulak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11196.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"10086",title:"Prof.",name:"Eduard",middleName:null,surname:"Babulak",slug:"eduard-babulak",fullName:"Eduard Babulak"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"325",title:"Food Engineering",slug:"agricultural-and-biological-sciences-bromatology-food-engineering",parent:{id:"33",title:"Bromatology",slug:"agricultural-and-biological-sciences-bromatology"},numberOfBooks:2,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:35,numberOfWosCitations:53,numberOfCrossrefCitations:32,numberOfDimensionsCitations:67,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"325",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"6817",title:"Descriptive Food Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"b98ad961b1dd581761d78a4f580d16dd",slug:"descriptive-food-science",bookSignature:"Antonio Valero Díaz and Rosa María García-Gimeno",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6817.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"232871",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Valero Díaz",slug:"antonio-valero-diaz",fullName:"Antonio Valero Díaz"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3578",title:"Food Safety and Agro-Environment in China",subtitle:"Perceptions and Behaviors of Farmers and Consumers",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cf021dbae242d2664a3dfd949132feda",slug:"food-safety-and-agro-environment-in-china-perceptions-and-behaviors-of-farmers-and-consumers",bookSignature:"Teruaki Nanseki and Min Song",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3578.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"167536",title:"Dr.",name:"Dongpo",middleName:null,surname:"Li",slug:"dongpo-li",fullName:"Dongpo Li"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"3",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Authored by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:2,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"63169",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.80398",title:"The Dairy Industry: Process, Monitoring, Standards, and Quality",slug:"the-dairy-industry-process-monitoring-standards-and-quality",totalDownloads:8931,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:26,abstract:"Sampling and analysis occur along the milk processing train: from collection at farm level, to intake at the diary plant, the processing steps, and the end products. Milk has a short shelf life; however, products such as milk powders have allowed a global industry to be developed. Quality control tests are vital to support activities for hygiene and food standards to meet regulatory and customer demands. Multiples of chemical and microbiological contamination tests are undertaken. Hazard analysis testing strategies are necessary, but some tests may be redundant; it is therefore vital to identify product optimization quality control strategies. The time taken to undergo testing and turnaround time are rarely measured. The dairy industry is a traditional industry with a low margin commodity. Industry 4.0 vision for dairy manufacturing is to introduce the aspects of operational excellence and implementation of information and communications technologies. The dairy industries’ reply to Industry 4.0 is represented predominantly by proactive maintenance and optimization of production and logistical chains, such as robotic milking machines and processing and packaging line automation reinforced by sensors for rapid chemical and microbial analysis with improved and real-time data management. This chapter reviews the processing trains with suggestions for improved optimization.",book:{id:"6817",slug:"descriptive-food-science",title:"Descriptive Food Science",fullTitle:"Descriptive Food Science"},signatures:"Niamh Burke, Krzysztof A. Zacharski, Mark Southern, Paul Hogan,\nMichael P. Ryan and Catherine C. Adley",authors:[{id:"243276",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael P",middleName:null,surname:"Ryan",slug:"michael-p-ryan",fullName:"Michael P Ryan"},{id:"246153",title:"Prof.",name:"Catherine",middleName:null,surname:"Adley",slug:"catherine-adley",fullName:"Catherine Adley"},{id:"264302",title:"Ms.",name:"Niamh",middleName:null,surname:"Burke",slug:"niamh-burke",fullName:"Niamh Burke"},{id:"264304",title:"Mr.",name:"Krzysztof A",middleName:null,surname:"Zacharski",slug:"krzysztof-a-zacharski",fullName:"Krzysztof A Zacharski"},{id:"264305",title:"Mr.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Hogan",slug:"paul-hogan",fullName:"Paul Hogan"},{id:"264306",title:"Dr.",name:"Mark",middleName:null,surname:"Southern",slug:"mark-southern",fullName:"Mark Southern"}]},{id:"63188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.80437",title:"Effects of Radiation Technologies on Food Nutritional Quality",slug:"effects-of-radiation-technologies-on-food-nutritional-quality",totalDownloads:2195,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:14,abstract:"Generally, foods are thermally processed to destroy the vegetative microorganisms for food preservation. However, only thermal treatment triggers many unwanted biochemical reactions, which leads to undesirable sensorial and nutritional effects. Therefore, a number of nontraditional preservation techniques are being developed to satisfy consumer demand with regard to nutritional and sensory aspects of foods. Ensuring food safety and at the same time meeting such demands for retention of nutrition and quality attributes has resulted in increased interest in emerging preservation techniques. These emerging food preservation technologies can extend the shelf life of unprocessed or processed foods by inactivating the enzymes, reducing the food spoiling microbial growth rate or viability without altering the food quality attributes including flavor, odor, color, texture, and nutritional value. On the emerging technology, sphere promising results have been attained by the radiation processes. Ionizing radiation has been widely used in industrial processes, especially in the sterilization of medicals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic products, and in food processing. Nonionizing radiation has been used in surface decontamination, as on the packaging sector. Although radiation techniques, as the other traditional or emerging techniques, can impair alterations that can modify the chemical composition and the nutritional value of foods, these changes depend on the food composition, the irradiation dose and factors such as temperature and presence or absence of oxygen in the irradiating environment. The aim of this chapter is to discuss retention or loss of vitamins and minerals in several food products submitted to a radiation process (gamma irradiation, short wave ultraviolet, microwave, and pulsed electric fields).",book:{id:"6817",slug:"descriptive-food-science",title:"Descriptive Food Science",fullTitle:"Descriptive Food Science"},signatures:"Fabiana Lima, Kássia Vieira, Miriam Santos and Poliana Mendes de\nSouza",authors:[{id:"246696",title:"Dr.",name:"Poliana",middleName:null,surname:"Mendes De Souza",slug:"poliana-mendes-de-souza",fullName:"Poliana Mendes De Souza"},{id:"267120",title:"BSc.",name:"Fabiana Regina",middleName:null,surname:"Lima",slug:"fabiana-regina-lima",fullName:"Fabiana Regina Lima"},{id:"267121",title:"BSc.",name:"Kássia Héllen",middleName:null,surname:"Vieira",slug:"kassia-hellen-vieira",fullName:"Kássia Héllen Vieira"},{id:"267122",title:"BSc.",name:"Miriam Aparecida",middleName:null,surname:"De Aguilar Santos",slug:"miriam-aparecida-de-aguilar-santos",fullName:"Miriam Aparecida De Aguilar Santos"}]},{id:"61595",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.77973",title:"Ultrasound Application to Improve Meat Quality",slug:"ultrasound-application-to-improve-meat-quality",totalDownloads:1619,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:7,abstract:"High-intensity ultrasound offers an alternative to traditional methods of food preservation and is regarded as a green, versatile, popular, and promising emerging technology. Ultrasound generates acoustic cavitation in a liquid medium, developing physical forces that are considered the main mechanism responsible for the observed changes in exposed materials. In meat, ultrasound has been successfully used to improve processes such as mass transfer and marination, tenderization of meat ,and inactivation of microorganisms. It is also an alternative to traditional meat aging methods for improving the quality properties of meat. Moreover, the combination of ultrasonic energy with a sanitizing agent can improve the effect of microbial reduction in foods. This review describes recent potential applications of ultrasound in meat systems, as well as physical and chemical effects of ultrasound treatments on the conservation and modification of processed meat foods.",book:{id:"6817",slug:"descriptive-food-science",title:"Descriptive Food Science",fullTitle:"Descriptive Food Science"},signatures:"Alma D. Alarcon-Rojo, Esmeralda Peña-González, Iván García-\nGalicia, Luis Carrillo-López, Mariana Huerta-Jiménez, Raúl Reyes-\nVillagrana and Hector Janacua-Vidales",authors:[{id:"114470",title:"Dr.",name:"Alma D.",middleName:null,surname:"Alarcon-Rojo",slug:"alma-d.-alarcon-rojo",fullName:"Alma D. Alarcon-Rojo"},{id:"194015",title:"Dr.",name:"Hector",middleName:null,surname:"Janacua-Vidales",slug:"hector-janacua-vidales",fullName:"Hector Janacua-Vidales"},{id:"228859",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Carrillo",slug:"luis-carrillo",fullName:"Luis Carrillo"},{id:"252001",title:"Dr.",name:"Esmeralda",middleName:null,surname:"Peña-Gonzalez",slug:"esmeralda-pena-gonzalez",fullName:"Esmeralda Peña-Gonzalez"},{id:"252003",title:"Dr.",name:"Iván",middleName:null,surname:"García-Galicia",slug:"ivan-garcia-galicia",fullName:"Iván García-Galicia"},{id:"252004",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariana",middleName:null,surname:"Huerta-Jimenez",slug:"mariana-huerta-jimenez",fullName:"Mariana Huerta-Jimenez"},{id:"252005",title:"Dr.",name:"Raul",middleName:null,surname:"Reyes-Villagrana",slug:"raul-reyes-villagrana",fullName:"Raul Reyes-Villagrana"}]},{id:"63207",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79434",title:"Agrifood By-Products as a Source of Phytochemical Compounds",slug:"agrifood-by-products-as-a-source-of-phytochemical-compounds",totalDownloads:1456,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:7,abstract:"In last years, food by-products and waste valorization practices have gained importance because these processes are sustainable and can increase the profit for local economies. Many compound families of phytochemicals like carotenoids, tocopherols, glucosinolates and phenolic compounds can be obtained through plant by-products coming from agroindustries, such as citric peels, tomato wastes or wine pomace. A number of novel methods like pressured liquid, microwaves or supercritical CO2 are being used for the extraction of compounds, affecting them in different ways. Phytochemicals obtained can be used in cosmetics, medical uses and dietary supplements or reused in agrifood industries among others, as natural pigments, antioxidants or antimicrobials.",book:{id:"6817",slug:"descriptive-food-science",title:"Descriptive Food Science",fullTitle:"Descriptive Food Science"},signatures:"Sara Martillanes, Javier Rocha-Pimienta and Jonathan Delgado-\nAdámez",authors:[{id:"193962",title:"Ms.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Martillanes",slug:"sara-martillanes",fullName:"Sara Martillanes"},{id:"193963",title:"Mr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Rocha-Pimienta",slug:"javier-rocha-pimienta",fullName:"Javier Rocha-Pimienta"},{id:"247371",title:"Dr.",name:"Jonathan",middleName:null,surname:"Delgado-Adámez",slug:"jonathan-delgado-adamez",fullName:"Jonathan Delgado-Adámez"}]},{id:"62295",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.78796",title:"Chemical Constituents of Fruit Wines as Descriptors of their Nutritional, Sensorial and Health-Related Properties",slug:"chemical-constituents-of-fruit-wines-as-descriptors-of-their-nutritional-sensorial-and-health-relate",totalDownloads:1346,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"Functional foods are foods that provide positive health effects apart from the provision of essential nutrients. Along with nutraceuticals, they represent the top trends in the food industry. Fruit wines are considered functional foods. When assessing the fruit wine quality, a wide range of descriptors are taken into consideration, namely physicochemical and sensorial properties of fruit wine. Furthermore, within the context of the new food products development (e.g. functional products), functional properties of fruit wines are also taken into consideration. Functional properties are determined by the content of the biologically active components, such as polyphenols, vitamins and micro- and macrominerals. It is also important to consider the food-safety issues regarding the fruit wines consummation, that is, the presence of pesticides, mycotoxins and biogenic amines in different fruit wines. This chapter aims to give an overview of various factors used to evaluate the quality and the functional properties of fruit wines.",book:{id:"6817",slug:"descriptive-food-science",title:"Descriptive Food Science",fullTitle:"Descriptive Food Science"},signatures:"Darko Velić, Daniela Amidžić Klarić, Natalija Velić, Ilija Klarić, Vlatka\nPetravić Tominac and Ana Mornar",authors:[{id:"147995",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"Mornar",slug:"ana-mornar",fullName:"Ana Mornar"},{id:"245704",title:"Prof.",name:"Darko",middleName:null,surname:"Velić",slug:"darko-velic",fullName:"Darko Velić"},{id:"246414",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Amidžić Klarić",slug:"daniela-amidzic-klaric",fullName:"Daniela Amidžić Klarić"},{id:"246415",title:"Prof.",name:"Natalija",middleName:null,surname:"Velić",slug:"natalija-velic",fullName:"Natalija Velić"},{id:"246416",title:"Dr.",name:"Ilija",middleName:null,surname:"Klarić",slug:"ilija-klaric",fullName:"Ilija Klarić"},{id:"246417",title:"Prof.",name:"Vlatka",middleName:null,surname:"Petravić Tominac",slug:"vlatka-petravic-tominac",fullName:"Vlatka Petravić Tominac"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"63169",title:"The Dairy Industry: Process, Monitoring, Standards, and Quality",slug:"the-dairy-industry-process-monitoring-standards-and-quality",totalDownloads:8944,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:26,abstract:"Sampling and analysis occur along the milk processing train: from collection at farm level, to intake at the diary plant, the processing steps, and the end products. Milk has a short shelf life; however, products such as milk powders have allowed a global industry to be developed. Quality control tests are vital to support activities for hygiene and food standards to meet regulatory and customer demands. Multiples of chemical and microbiological contamination tests are undertaken. Hazard analysis testing strategies are necessary, but some tests may be redundant; it is therefore vital to identify product optimization quality control strategies. The time taken to undergo testing and turnaround time are rarely measured. The dairy industry is a traditional industry with a low margin commodity. Industry 4.0 vision for dairy manufacturing is to introduce the aspects of operational excellence and implementation of information and communications technologies. The dairy industries’ reply to Industry 4.0 is represented predominantly by proactive maintenance and optimization of production and logistical chains, such as robotic milking machines and processing and packaging line automation reinforced by sensors for rapid chemical and microbial analysis with improved and real-time data management. This chapter reviews the processing trains with suggestions for improved optimization.",book:{id:"6817",slug:"descriptive-food-science",title:"Descriptive Food Science",fullTitle:"Descriptive Food Science"},signatures:"Niamh Burke, Krzysztof A. Zacharski, Mark Southern, Paul Hogan,\nMichael P. Ryan and Catherine C. Adley",authors:[{id:"243276",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael P",middleName:null,surname:"Ryan",slug:"michael-p-ryan",fullName:"Michael P Ryan"},{id:"246153",title:"Prof.",name:"Catherine",middleName:null,surname:"Adley",slug:"catherine-adley",fullName:"Catherine Adley"},{id:"264302",title:"Ms.",name:"Niamh",middleName:null,surname:"Burke",slug:"niamh-burke",fullName:"Niamh Burke"},{id:"264304",title:"Mr.",name:"Krzysztof A",middleName:null,surname:"Zacharski",slug:"krzysztof-a-zacharski",fullName:"Krzysztof A Zacharski"},{id:"264305",title:"Mr.",name:"Paul",middleName:null,surname:"Hogan",slug:"paul-hogan",fullName:"Paul Hogan"},{id:"264306",title:"Dr.",name:"Mark",middleName:null,surname:"Southern",slug:"mark-southern",fullName:"Mark Southern"}]},{id:"62295",title:"Chemical Constituents of Fruit Wines as Descriptors of their Nutritional, Sensorial and Health-Related Properties",slug:"chemical-constituents-of-fruit-wines-as-descriptors-of-their-nutritional-sensorial-and-health-relate",totalDownloads:1348,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"Functional foods are foods that provide positive health effects apart from the provision of essential nutrients. Along with nutraceuticals, they represent the top trends in the food industry. Fruit wines are considered functional foods. When assessing the fruit wine quality, a wide range of descriptors are taken into consideration, namely physicochemical and sensorial properties of fruit wine. Furthermore, within the context of the new food products development (e.g. functional products), functional properties of fruit wines are also taken into consideration. Functional properties are determined by the content of the biologically active components, such as polyphenols, vitamins and micro- and macrominerals. It is also important to consider the food-safety issues regarding the fruit wines consummation, that is, the presence of pesticides, mycotoxins and biogenic amines in different fruit wines. This chapter aims to give an overview of various factors used to evaluate the quality and the functional properties of fruit wines.",book:{id:"6817",slug:"descriptive-food-science",title:"Descriptive Food Science",fullTitle:"Descriptive Food Science"},signatures:"Darko Velić, Daniela Amidžić Klarić, Natalija Velić, Ilija Klarić, Vlatka\nPetravić Tominac and Ana Mornar",authors:[{id:"147995",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"Mornar",slug:"ana-mornar",fullName:"Ana Mornar"},{id:"245704",title:"Prof.",name:"Darko",middleName:null,surname:"Velić",slug:"darko-velic",fullName:"Darko Velić"},{id:"246414",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Amidžić Klarić",slug:"daniela-amidzic-klaric",fullName:"Daniela Amidžić Klarić"},{id:"246415",title:"Prof.",name:"Natalija",middleName:null,surname:"Velić",slug:"natalija-velic",fullName:"Natalija Velić"},{id:"246416",title:"Dr.",name:"Ilija",middleName:null,surname:"Klarić",slug:"ilija-klaric",fullName:"Ilija Klarić"},{id:"246417",title:"Prof.",name:"Vlatka",middleName:null,surname:"Petravić Tominac",slug:"vlatka-petravic-tominac",fullName:"Vlatka Petravić Tominac"}]},{id:"64299",title:"Quality of Reduced-Fat Dairy Coffee Creamer: Affected by Different Fat Replacer and Drying Methods",slug:"quality-of-reduced-fat-dairy-coffee-creamer-affected-by-different-fat-replacer-and-drying-methods",totalDownloads:1424,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"This work aims to investigate the effects of inulin (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5%, w/w) and maltodextrin (0, 15, 20 and 25%, w/w) as wall materials and fat replacers and drying techniques (i.e. spray drying and fluidized-bed drying) on physicochemical properties of regular and instant reduced-fat dairy creamers. The regular reduced-fat dairy creamer was produced by one-stage drying (i.e. spray drying), while the instant reduced-fat dairy creamer was produced by two-stage drying (i.e. spray drying followed by fluidized-bed drying). In this study, control (0% inulin and 0% maltodextrin) and two commercial regular and instant coffee creamers (A and B) were also considered for comparison purposes. The results showed that the regular creamer containing 25% maltodextrin and 7.5% inulin had the largest particle size, highest viscosity and most desirable wettability among all formulated regular creamers. The yield of reduced-fat coffee creamer was significantly increased from 43.55 to 94.60% by increasing the amount of fat replacers to the maximum level (25% maltodextrin and 7.5% inulin). The current study revealed that the application of fluidized-bed drying for agglomeration led to significantly improve the wettability and instant properties of the instant creamer. In this study, the formulated instant creamer containing 25% maltodextrin and 7.5% inulin was the most desirable product as compared to all creamers.",book:{id:"6817",slug:"descriptive-food-science",title:"Descriptive Food Science",fullTitle:"Descriptive Food Science"},signatures:"Simin Hedayatnia and Hamed Mirhosseini",authors:[{id:"245735",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Hamed",middleName:null,surname:"Mirhosseini",slug:"hamed-mirhosseini",fullName:"Hamed Mirhosseini"}]},{id:"63188",title:"Effects of Radiation Technologies on Food Nutritional Quality",slug:"effects-of-radiation-technologies-on-food-nutritional-quality",totalDownloads:2204,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:14,abstract:"Generally, foods are thermally processed to destroy the vegetative microorganisms for food preservation. However, only thermal treatment triggers many unwanted biochemical reactions, which leads to undesirable sensorial and nutritional effects. Therefore, a number of nontraditional preservation techniques are being developed to satisfy consumer demand with regard to nutritional and sensory aspects of foods. Ensuring food safety and at the same time meeting such demands for retention of nutrition and quality attributes has resulted in increased interest in emerging preservation techniques. These emerging food preservation technologies can extend the shelf life of unprocessed or processed foods by inactivating the enzymes, reducing the food spoiling microbial growth rate or viability without altering the food quality attributes including flavor, odor, color, texture, and nutritional value. On the emerging technology, sphere promising results have been attained by the radiation processes. Ionizing radiation has been widely used in industrial processes, especially in the sterilization of medicals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic products, and in food processing. Nonionizing radiation has been used in surface decontamination, as on the packaging sector. Although radiation techniques, as the other traditional or emerging techniques, can impair alterations that can modify the chemical composition and the nutritional value of foods, these changes depend on the food composition, the irradiation dose and factors such as temperature and presence or absence of oxygen in the irradiating environment. The aim of this chapter is to discuss retention or loss of vitamins and minerals in several food products submitted to a radiation process (gamma irradiation, short wave ultraviolet, microwave, and pulsed electric fields).",book:{id:"6817",slug:"descriptive-food-science",title:"Descriptive Food Science",fullTitle:"Descriptive Food Science"},signatures:"Fabiana Lima, Kássia Vieira, Miriam Santos and Poliana Mendes de\nSouza",authors:[{id:"246696",title:"Dr.",name:"Poliana",middleName:null,surname:"Mendes De Souza",slug:"poliana-mendes-de-souza",fullName:"Poliana Mendes De Souza"},{id:"267120",title:"BSc.",name:"Fabiana Regina",middleName:null,surname:"Lima",slug:"fabiana-regina-lima",fullName:"Fabiana Regina Lima"},{id:"267121",title:"BSc.",name:"Kássia Héllen",middleName:null,surname:"Vieira",slug:"kassia-hellen-vieira",fullName:"Kássia Héllen Vieira"},{id:"267122",title:"BSc.",name:"Miriam Aparecida",middleName:null,surname:"De Aguilar Santos",slug:"miriam-aparecida-de-aguilar-santos",fullName:"Miriam Aparecida De Aguilar Santos"}]},{id:"63751",title:"Role of Dietary Carotenoids in Different Etiologies of Chronic Liver Diseases",slug:"role-of-dietary-carotenoids-in-different-etiologies-of-chronic-liver-diseases",totalDownloads:1245,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid organic pigments synthesized by a variety of plants and microorganisms. Dietary carotenoids, taken by animals through food, play an essential role in cell differentiation, morphogenesis, vision, prevention of cancer, atherosclerosis, and age-related macular degeneration in humans due to their potential to suppress oxidative stress. As reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage to biomolecules have been found to be involved in the causation and progression of chronic liver diseases (CLDs), including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, dietary antioxidants, which inactivate reactive oxygen species and obstruct oxidative damage, are considered as vital prophylactic strategic molecules. Data from various epidemiological studies and clinical trials strongly validate the observation that adequate carotenoid supplementation may significantly reduce the risk of several liver disorders. This chapter, thus, provides a comprehensive account of dietary carotenoids and includes the recent information with respect to their role in prevention of liver diseases.",book:{id:"6817",slug:"descriptive-food-science",title:"Descriptive Food Science",fullTitle:"Descriptive Food Science"},signatures:"Uzma Latief and Riaz Ahmad",authors:[{id:"249801",title:"Dr.",name:"Riaz",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"riaz-ahmad",fullName:"Riaz Ahmad"},{id:"251098",title:"Ms.",name:"Uzma",middleName:null,surname:"Latief",slug:"uzma-latief",fullName:"Uzma Latief"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"325",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:98,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:287,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:10,numberOfPublishedChapters:103,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:0,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",issn:"2632-0983",scope:"Biochemistry, the study of chemical transformations occurring within living organisms, impacts all areas of life sciences, from molecular crystallography and genetics to ecology, medicine, and population biology. Biochemistry examines macromolecules - proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids – and their building blocks, structures, functions, and interactions. Much of biochemistry is devoted to enzymes, proteins that catalyze chemical reactions, enzyme structures, mechanisms of action and their roles within cells. Biochemistry also studies small signaling molecules, coenzymes, inhibitors, vitamins, and hormones, which play roles in life processes. Biochemical experimentation, besides coopting classical chemistry methods, e.g., chromatography, adopted new techniques, e.g., X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, NMR, radioisotopes, and developed sophisticated microbial genetic tools, e.g., auxotroph mutants and their revertants, fermentation, etc. More recently, biochemistry embraced the ‘big data’ omics systems. Initial biochemical studies have been exclusively analytic: dissecting, purifying, and examining individual components of a biological system; in the apt words of Efraim Racker (1913 –1991), “Don’t waste clean thinking on dirty enzymes.” Today, however, biochemistry is becoming more agglomerative and comprehensive, setting out to integrate and describe entirely particular biological systems. The ‘big data’ metabolomics can define the complement of small molecules, e.g., in a soil or biofilm sample; proteomics can distinguish all the comprising proteins, e.g., serum; metagenomics can identify all the genes in a complex environment, e.g., the bovine rumen. This Biochemistry Series will address the current research on biomolecules and the emerging trends with great promise.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/11.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 18th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:27,editor:{id:"31610",title:"Dr.",name:"Miroslav",middleName:null,surname:"Blumenberg",slug:"miroslav-blumenberg",fullName:"Miroslav Blumenberg",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/31610/images/system/31610.jpg",biography:"Miroslav Blumenberg, Ph.D., was born in Subotica and received his BSc in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He completed his Ph.D. at MIT in Organic Chemistry; he followed up his Ph.D. with two postdoctoral study periods at Stanford University. Since 1983, he has been a faculty member of the RO Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU School of Medicine, where he is codirector of a training grant in cutaneous biology. Dr. Blumenberg’s research is focused on the epidermis, expression of keratin genes, transcription profiling, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammatory diseases and cancers, and most recently the effects of the microbiome on the skin. He has published more than 100 peer-reviewed research articles and graduated numerous Ph.D. and postdoctoral students.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"New York University Langone Medical Center",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{id:"86",title:"Business and Management",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/86.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"128342",title:"Prof.",name:"Vito",middleName:null,surname:"Bobek",slug:"vito-bobek",fullName:"Vito Bobek",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/128342/images/system/128342.jpg",biography:"Dr. Vito Bobek works as an international management professor at the University of Applied Sciences FH Joanneum, Graz, Austria. He has published more than 400 works in his academic career and visited twenty-two universities worldwide as a visiting professor. Dr. Bobek is a member of the editorial boards of six international journals and a member of the Strategic Council of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia. He has a long history in academia, consulting, and entrepreneurship. His own consulting firm, Palemid, has managed twenty significant projects, such as Cooperation Program Interreg V-A (Slovenia-Austria) and Capacity Building for the Serbian Chamber of Enforcement Agents. He has also participated in many international projects in Italy, Germany, Great Britain, the United States, Spain, Turkey, France, Romania, Croatia, Montenegro, Malaysia, and China. Dr. Bobek is also a co-founder of the Academy of Regional Management in Slovenia.",institutionString:"Universities of Applied Sciences FH Joanneum, Austria",institution:null},editorTwo:{id:"293992",title:"Dr.",name:"Tatjana",middleName:null,surname:"Horvat",slug:"tatjana-horvat",fullName:"Tatjana Horvat",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002hXb0hQAC/Profile_Picture_1642419002203",biography:"Tatjana Horvat works as a professor for accountant and auditing at the University of Primorska, Slovenia. She is a Certified State Internal Auditor (licensed by Ministry of Finance RS) and Certified Internal Auditor for Business Sector and Certified accountant (licensed by Slovenian Institute of Auditors). At the Ministry of Justice of Slovenia, she is a member of examination boards for court expert candidates and judicial appraisers in the following areas: economy/finance, valuation of companies, banking, and forensic investigation of economic operations/accounting. At the leading business newspaper Finance in Slovenia (Swedish ownership), she is the editor and head of the area for business, finance, tax-related articles, and educational programs.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Primorska",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Slovenia"}}},editorThree:null},{id:"87",title:"Economics",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/87.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"327730",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaime",middleName:null,surname:"Ortiz",slug:"jaime-ortiz",fullName:"Jaime Ortiz",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002zaOKZQA2/Profile_Picture_1642145584421",biography:"Dr. Jaime Ortiz holds degrees from Chile, the Netherlands, and the United States. He has held tenured faculty, distinguished professorship, and executive leadership appointments in several universities around the world. Dr. Ortiz has previously worked for international organizations and non-government entities in economic and business matters, and he has university-wide globalization engagement in more than thirty-six countries. He has advised, among others, the United Nations Development Program, Inter-American Development Bank, Organization of American States, Pre-investment Organization of Latin America and the Caribbean, Technical Cooperation of the Suisse Government, and the World Bank. Dr. Ortiz is the author, co-author, or editor of books, book chapters, textbooks, research monographs and technical reports, and refereed journal articles. He is listed in Who’s Who in the World, Who’s Who in America, Who’s Who in Finance and Business, Who’s Who in Business Higher Education, Who’s Who in American Education, and Who’s Who Directory of Economists. Dr. Ortiz has been a Fulbright Scholar and an MSI Leadership Fellow with the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. His teaching interests revolve around global economies and markets while his research focuses on topics related to development and growth, global business decisions, and the economics of technical innovation.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Houston",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"88",title:"Marketing",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/88.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!1,editor:null,editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{id:"81831",title:"Deep Network Model and Regression Analysis using OLS Method for Predicting Lung Vital Capacity",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104737",signatures:"Harun Sümbül",slug:"deep-network-model-and-regression-analysis-using-ols-method-for-predicting-lung-vital-capacity",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Decision Science - Recent Advances and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11604.jpg",subseries:{id:"86",title:"Business and Management"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:1,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"11392",title:"Leadership in a Changing World",subtitle:"A Multidimensional Perspective",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11392.jpg",slug:"leadership-in-a-changing-world-a-multidimensional-perspective",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Bilal Khalid, Md. Samim Al Azad and Slimane Ed-dafali",hash:"86a6d33cf601587e591064ce92effc02",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Leadership in a Changing World - A Multidimensional Perspective",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038UqSfQAK/Profile_Picture_2022-05-13T10:39:03.jpg",biography:"Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin is an Associate Professor of International Business at Laval University, Canada. He has taught at Thompson Rivers University, Canada; University of Paris-Est, France; Osnabruck University of Applied Science, Germany; and Shanghai Institute of Technology and Tianjin University of Technology, China. He has published research in Research Policy, Applied Economics, Review of Economic Philosophy, Strategic Change, International Journal of Logistics, Sustainability, Journal of Environmental Management, Journal of Global Information Management, Journal of Cleaner Production, M@N@GEMENT, and more. He is a member of CEDIMES Institut (France), Academy of International Business (AIB), Strategic Management Society (SMS), Academy of Management (AOM), Administrative Science Association of Canada (ASAC), and Canadian council of small business and entrepreneurship (CCSBE). He is currently the director of the Research Group on Contemporary Asia (GERAC) at Laval University. He is also co-managing editor of Transnational Corporations Review and a guest editor for Electronic Commerce Research and Journal of Internet Technology.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Université Laval",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Canada"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:3,paginationItems:[{id:"11675",title:"Advances in Skeletal Muscle Health and Disease",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11675.jpg",hash:"e1d9662c334dd78ab35bfb57c3bf106e",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"April 19th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"281317",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabio",surname:"Iannotti",slug:"fabio-iannotti",fullName:"Fabio Iannotti"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11677",title:"New Insights in Mammalian Endocrinology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11677.jpg",hash:"c59dd0f87bbf829ca091c485f4cc4e68",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 5th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"321396",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad Subhan",surname:"Qureshi",slug:"muhammad-subhan-qureshi",fullName:"Muhammad Subhan Qureshi"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11676",title:"Recent Advances in Homeostasis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11676.jpg",hash:"63eb775115bf2d6d88530b234a1cc4c2",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 10th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"203015",title:"Dr.",name:"Gaffar",surname:"Zaman",slug:"gaffar-zaman",fullName:"Gaffar Zaman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:49,paginationItems:[{id:"80495",title:"Iron in Cell Metabolism and Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101908",signatures:"Eeka Prabhakar",slug:"iron-in-cell-metabolism-and-disease",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Iron Metabolism - Iron a Double‐Edged Sword",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10842.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81799",title:"Cross Talk of Purinergic and Immune Signaling: Implication in Inflammatory and Pathogenic Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104978",signatures:"Richa Rai",slug:"cross-talk-of-purinergic-and-immune-signaling-implication-in-inflammatory-and-pathogenic-diseases",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81764",title:"Involvement of the Purinergic System in Cell Death in Models of Retinopathies",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103935",signatures:"Douglas Penaforte Cruz, Marinna Garcia Repossi and Lucianne Fragel Madeira",slug:"involvement-of-the-purinergic-system-in-cell-death-in-models-of-retinopathies",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81756",title:"Alteration of Cytokines Level and Oxidative Stress Parameters in COVID-19",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104950",signatures:"Marija Petrusevska, Emilija Atanasovska, Dragica Zendelovska, Aleksandar Eftimov and Katerina Spasovska",slug:"alteration-of-cytokines-level-and-oxidative-stress-parameters-in-covid-19",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Chemokines Updates",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11672.jpg",subseries:{id:"18",title:"Proteomics"}}},{id:"81681",title:"Immunomodulatory Effects of a M2-Conditioned Medium (PRS® CK STORM): Theory on the Possible Complex Mechanism of Action through Anti-Inflammatory Modulation of the TLR System and the Purinergic System",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104486",signatures:"Juan Pedro Lapuente",slug:"immunomodulatory-effects-of-a-m2-conditioned-medium-prs-ck-storm-theory-on-the-possible-complex-mech",totalDownloads:5,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81647",title:"Diabetes and Epigenetics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104653",signatures:"Rasha A. Alhazzaa, Thomas Heinbockel and Antonei B. Csoka",slug:"diabetes-and-epigenetics",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Epigenetics to Optogenetics - A New Paradigm in the Study of Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9672.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"81580",title:"Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104450",signatures:"Shin Mukai",slug:"graft-versus-host-disease-pathogenesis-and-treatment",totalDownloads:14,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"81533",title:"Prenylation of Natural Products: An Overview",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104636",signatures:"Kantharaju Kamanna and Aravind Kamath",slug:"prenylation-of-natural-products-an-overview",totalDownloads:19,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Kantharaju",surname:"Kamanna"}],book:{title:"Modifications of Biomolecules",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11098.jpg",subseries:null}},{id:"81067",title:"Encapsulation of Essential Oils and Their Use in Food Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103147",signatures:"Hamdy A. Shaaban and Amr Farouk",slug:"encapsulation-of-essential-oils-and-their-use-in-food-applications",totalDownloads:47,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Essential Oils - Advances in Extractions and Biological Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11332.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"81099",title:"SK Channels and Heart Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104115",signatures:"Katherine Zhong, Shawn Kant, Frank Sellke and Jun Feng",slug:"sk-channels-and-heart-disease",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Ion Channels - From Basic Properties to Medical Treatment",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10838.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Proteomics",value:18,count:3,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Metabolism",value:17,count:9,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Cell and Molecular Biology",value:14,count:17,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Chemical Biology",value:15,count:19,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:27,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10803",title:"Reactive Oxygen Species",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10803.jpg",slug:"reactive-oxygen-species",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rizwan Ahmad",hash:"176adcf090fdd1f93cb8ce3146e79ca1",volumeInSeries:28,fullTitle:"Reactive Oxygen Species",editors:[{id:"40482",title:null,name:"Rizwan",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"rizwan-ahmad",fullName:"Rizwan Ahmad",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/40482/images/system/40482.jpeg",institutionString:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institution:{name:"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9008",title:"Vitamin K",subtitle:"Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9008.jpg",slug:"vitamin-k-recent-topics-on-the-biology-and-chemistry",publishedDate:"March 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Hiroyuki Kagechika and Hitoshi Shirakawa",hash:"8b43add5389ba85743e0a9491e4b9943",volumeInSeries:27,fullTitle:"Vitamin K - Recent Topics on the Biology and Chemistry",editors:[{id:"180528",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroyuki",middleName:null,surname:"Kagechika",slug:"hiroyuki-kagechika",fullName:"Hiroyuki Kagechika",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180528/images/system/180528.jpg",institutionString:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institution:{name:"Tokyo Medical and Dental University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"10799",title:"Phenolic Compounds",subtitle:"Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10799.jpg",slug:"phenolic-compounds-chemistry-synthesis-diversity-non-conventional-industrial-pharmaceutical-and-therapeutic-applications",publishedDate:"February 23rd 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Farid A. Badria",hash:"339199f254d2987ef3167eef74fb8a38",volumeInSeries:26,fullTitle:"Phenolic Compounds - Chemistry, Synthesis, Diversity, Non-Conventional Industrial, Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications",editors:[{id:"41865",title:"Prof.",name:"Farid A.",middleName:null,surname:"Badria",slug:"farid-a.-badria",fullName:"Farid A. Badria",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41865/images/system/41865.jpg",institutionString:"Mansoura University",institution:{name:"Mansoura University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9659",title:"Fibroblasts",subtitle:"Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9659.jpg",slug:"fibroblasts-advances-in-inflammation-autoimmunity-and-cancer",publishedDate:"December 22nd 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mojca Frank Bertoncelj and Katja Lakota",hash:"926fa6446f6befbd363fc74971a56de2",volumeInSeries:25,fullTitle:"Fibroblasts - Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer",editors:[{id:"328755",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Mojca",middleName:null,surname:"Frank Bertoncelj",slug:"mojca-frank-bertoncelj",fullName:"Mojca Frank Bertoncelj",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/328755/images/system/328755.jpg",institutionString:"BioMed X Institute",institution:{name:"University Hospital of Zurich",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Switzerland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8977",title:"Protein Kinases",subtitle:"Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8977.jpg",slug:"protein-kinases-promising-targets-for-anticancer-drug-research",publishedDate:"December 8th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rajesh Kumar Singh",hash:"6d200cc031706a565b554fdb1c478901",volumeInSeries:24,fullTitle:"Protein Kinases - Promising Targets for Anticancer Drug Research",editors:[{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh K.",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-k.-singh",fullName:"Rajesh K. Singh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8018",title:"Extracellular Matrix",subtitle:"Developments and Therapeutics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8018.jpg",slug:"extracellular-matrix-developments-and-therapeutics",publishedDate:"October 27th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula, Joseph Orgel P.R.O. and Zvi Loewy",hash:"c85e82851e80b40282ff9be99ddf2046",volumeInSeries:23,fullTitle:"Extracellular Matrix - Developments and Therapeutics",editors:[{id:"212416",title:"Dr.",name:"Rama Sashank",middleName:null,surname:"Madhurapantula",slug:"rama-sashank-madhurapantula",fullName:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212416/images/system/212416.jpg",institutionString:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institution:{name:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9759",title:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease",subtitle:"Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9759.jpg",slug:"vitamin-e-in-health-and-disease-interactions-diseases-and-health-aspects",publishedDate:"October 6th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Pınar Erkekoglu and Júlia Scherer Santos",hash:"6c3ddcc13626110de289b57f2516ac8f",volumeInSeries:22,fullTitle:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease - Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects",editors:[{id:"109978",title:"Prof.",name:"Pınar",middleName:null,surname:"Erkekoğlu",slug:"pinar-erkekoglu",fullName:"Pınar Erkekoğlu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/109978/images/system/109978.jpg",institutionString:"Hacettepe University",institution:{name:"Hacettepe University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9753",title:"Terpenes and Terpenoids",subtitle:"Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9753.jpg",slug:"terpenes-and-terpenoids-recent-advances",publishedDate:"July 28th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Shagufta Perveen and Areej Mohammad Al-Taweel",hash:"575689df13c78bf0e6c1be40804cd010",volumeInSeries:21,fullTitle:"Terpenes and Terpenoids - Recent Advances",editors:[{id:"192992",title:"Prof.",name:"Shagufta",middleName:null,surname:"Perveen",slug:"shagufta-perveen",fullName:"Shagufta Perveen",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/192992/images/system/192992.png",institutionString:"King Saud University",institution:{name:"King Saud University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9403",title:"Human Microbiome",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9403.jpg",slug:"human-microbiome",publishedDate:"June 16th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Natalia V. Beloborodova and Andrey V. Grechko",hash:"c31366ba82585ba3ac91d21eb1cf0a4d",volumeInSeries:20,fullTitle:"Human Microbiome",editors:[{id:"199461",title:"Prof.",name:"Natalia V.",middleName:null,surname:"Beloborodova",slug:"natalia-v.-beloborodova",fullName:"Natalia V. Beloborodova",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/199461/images/system/199461.jpg",institutionString:"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9731",title:"Oxidoreductase",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9731.jpg",slug:"oxidoreductase",publishedDate:"February 17th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour",hash:"852e6f862c85fc3adecdbaf822e64e6e",volumeInSeries:19,fullTitle:"Oxidoreductase",editors:[{id:"224662",title:"Prof.",name:"Mahmoud Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Mansour",slug:"mahmoud-ahmed-mansour",fullName:"Mahmoud Ahmed Mansour",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/224662/images/system/224662.jpg",institutionString:"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences",institution:{name:"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9742",title:"Ubiquitin",subtitle:"Proteasome Pathway",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9742.jpg",slug:"ubiquitin-proteasome-pathway",publishedDate:"December 9th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Xianquan Zhan",hash:"af6880d3a5571da1377ac8f6373b9e82",volumeInSeries:18,fullTitle:"Ubiquitin - Proteasome Pathway",editors:[{id:"223233",title:"Prof.",name:"Xianquan",middleName:null,surname:"Zhan",slug:"xianquan-zhan",fullName:"Xianquan Zhan",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/223233/images/system/223233.png",institutionString:"Shandong First Medical University",institution:{name:"Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9002",title:"Glutathione System and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9002.jpg",slug:"glutathione-system-and-oxidative-stress-in-health-and-disease",publishedDate:"August 26th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Margarete Dulce Bagatini",hash:"127defed0a50ad5ed92338dc96e1e10e",volumeInSeries:17,fullTitle:"Glutathione System and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease",editors:[{id:"217850",title:"Dr.",name:"Margarete Dulce",middleName:null,surname:"Bagatini",slug:"margarete-dulce-bagatini",fullName:"Margarete Dulce Bagatini",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/217850/images/system/217850.jpeg",institutionString:"Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul",institution:{name:"Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Proteomics",value:18,count:3},{group:"subseries",caption:"Metabolism",value:17,count:6},{group:"subseries",caption:"Cell and Molecular Biology",value:14,count:8},{group:"subseries",caption:"Chemical Biology",value:15,count:10}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:7},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:12},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:2}],authors:{}},subseries:{item:{id:"8",type:"subseries",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",keywords:"Bioinspired Systems, Biomechanics, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation",scope:'Bioinspired technologies take advantage of understanding the actual biological system to provide solutions to problems in several areas. Recently, bioinspired systems have been successfully employing biomechanics to develop and improve assistive technology and rehabilitation devices. The research topic "Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics" welcomes studies reporting recent advances in bioinspired technologies that contribute to individuals\' health, inclusion, and rehabilitation. Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!1,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11404,editor:{id:"144937",title:"Prof.",name:"Adriano",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Andrade",slug:"adriano-andrade",fullName:"Adriano Andrade",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRC8QQAW/Profile_Picture_1625219101815",biography:"Dr. Adriano de Oliveira Andrade graduated in Electrical Engineering at the Federal University of Goiás (Brazil) in 1997. He received his MSc and PhD in Biomedical Engineering respectively from the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU, Brazil) in 2000 and from the University of Reading (UK) in 2005. He completed a one-year Post-Doctoral Fellowship awarded by the DFAIT (Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada) at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering of the University of New Brunswick (Canada) in 2010. Currently, he is Professor in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering (UFU). He has authored and co-authored more than 200 peer-reviewed publications in Biomedical Engineering. He has been a researcher of The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-Brazil) since 2009. He has served as an ad-hoc consultant for CNPq, CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), FINEP (Brazilian Innovation Agency), and other funding bodies on several occasions. He was the Secretary of the Brazilian Society of Biomedical Engineering (SBEB) from 2015 to 2016, President of SBEB (2017-2018) and Vice-President of SBEB (2019-2020). He was the head of the undergraduate program in Biomedical Engineering of the Federal University of Uberlândia (2015 - June/2019) and the head of the Centre for Innovation and Technology Assessment in Health (NIATS/UFU) since 2010. He is the head of the Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering (UFU, July/2019 - to date). He was the secretary of the Parkinson's Disease Association of Uberlândia (2018-2019). Dr. Andrade's primary area of research is focused towards getting information from the neuromuscular system to understand its strategies of organization, adaptation and controlling in the context of motor neuron diseases. His research interests include Biomedical Signal Processing and Modelling, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation Engineering, Neuroengineering and Parkinson's Disease.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Uberlândia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",issn:"2631-5343"},editorialBoard:[{id:"49517",title:"Prof.",name:"Hitoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsunashima",slug:"hitoshi-tsunashima",fullName:"Hitoshi Tsunashima",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTP4QAO/Profile_Picture_1625819726528",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Nihon University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"425354",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcus",middleName:"Fraga",surname:"Vieira",slug:"marcus-vieira",fullName:"Marcus Vieira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003BJSgIQAX/Profile_Picture_1627904687309",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Goiás",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"196746",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramana",middleName:null,surname:"Vinjamuri",slug:"ramana-vinjamuri",fullName:"Ramana Vinjamuri",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196746/images/system/196746.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institution:{name:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:13,paginationItems:[{id:"81751",title:"NanoBioSensors: From Electrochemical Sensors Improvement to Theranostic Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102552",signatures:"Anielle C.A. Silva, Eliete A. Alvin, Lais S. de Jesus, Caio C.L. de França, Marílya P.G. da Silva, Samaysa L. Lins, Diógenes Meneses, Marcela R. Lemes, Rhanoica O. Guerra, Marcos V. da Silva, Carlo J.F. de Oliveira, Virmondes Rodrigues Junior, Renata M. Etchebehere, Fabiane C. de Abreu, Bruno G. Lucca, Sanívia A.L. Pereira, Rodrigo C. Rosa and Noelio O. Dantas",slug:"nanobiosensors-from-electrochemical-sensors-improvement-to-theranostic-applications",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81678",title:"Developmental Studies on Practical Enzymatic Phosphate Ion Biosensors and Microbial BOD Biosensors, and New Insights into the Future Perspectives of These Biosensor Fields",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104377",signatures:"Hideaki Nakamura",slug:"developmental-studies-on-practical-enzymatic-phosphate-ion-biosensors-and-microbial-bod-biosensors-a",totalDownloads:4,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:[{name:"Hideaki",surname:"Nakamura"}],book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81412",title:"Mathematical Morphology and the Heart Signals",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104113",signatures:"Taouli Sidi Ahmed",slug:"mathematical-morphology-and-the-heart-signals",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81360",title:"Deep Learning Algorithms for Efficient Analysis of ECG Signals to Detect Heart Disorders",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103075",signatures:"Sumagna Dey, Rohan Pal and Saptarshi Biswas",slug:"deep-learning-algorithms-for-efficient-analysis-of-ecg-signals-to-detect-heart-disorders",totalDownloads:31,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"81068",title:"Characteristic Profiles of Heart Rate Variability in Depression and Anxiety",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104205",signatures:"Toshikazu Shinba",slug:"characteristic-profiles-of-heart-rate-variability-in-depression-and-anxiety",totalDownloads:20,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80691",title:"Applications of Quantum Mechanics, Laws of Classical Physics, and Differential Calculus to Evaluate Source Localization According to the Electroencephalogram",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102831",signatures:"Kristin S. Williams",slug:"applications-of-quantum-mechanics-laws-of-classical-physics-and-differential-calculus-to-evaluate-so",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80643",title:"EEG Authentication System Using Fuzzy Vault Scheme",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102699",signatures:"Fatima M. Baqer and Salah Albermany",slug:"eeg-authentication-system-using-fuzzy-vault-scheme",totalDownloads:34,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80529",title:"Effective EEG Artifact Removal from EEG Signal",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102698",signatures:"Vandana Roy",slug:"effective-eeg-artifact-removal-from-eeg-signal",totalDownloads:66,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"80505",title:"Soft Tissue Image Reconstruction Using Diffuse Optical Tomography",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102463",signatures:"Umamaheswari K, Shrichandran G.V. and Jebaderwin D.",slug:"soft-tissue-image-reconstruction-using-diffuse-optical-tomography",totalDownloads:47,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Biosignal Processing",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11153.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79881",title:"Control of Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Cancer through a Combination of Cytoskeletal Components",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101624",signatures:"Ban Hussein Alwash, Rawan Asaad Jaber Al-Rubaye, Mustafa Mohammad Alaaraj and Anwar Yahya Ebrahim",slug:"control-of-cytoskeletal-dynamics-in-cancer-through-a-combination-of-cytoskeletal-components",totalDownloads:104,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79580",title:"Dotting the “i” of Interoperability in FAIR Cancer-Registry Data Sets",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101330",signatures:"Nicholas Nicholson, Francesco Giusti, Luciana Neamtiu, Giorgia Randi, Tadeusz Dyba, Manola Bettio, Raquel Negrao Carvalho, Nadya Dimitrova, Manuela Flego and Carmen Martos",slug:"dotting-the-i-of-interoperability-in-fair-cancer-registry-data-sets",totalDownloads:100,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79550",title:"Urologic Cancer Molecular Biology",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101381",signatures:"Pavel Onofrei, Viorel Dragoș Radu, Alina-Alexandra Onofrei, Stoica Laura, Doinita Temelie-Olinici, Ana-Emanuela Botez, Vasile Bogdan Grecu and Elena Carmen Cotrutz",slug:"urologic-cancer-molecular-biology",totalDownloads:96,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}},{id:"79450",title:"Identification of Biomarkers Associated with Cancer Using Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101432",signatures:"Arpana Parihar, Shivani Malviya and Raju Khan",slug:"identification-of-biomarkers-associated-with-cancer-using-integrated-bioinformatic-analysis",totalDownloads:156,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,authors:null,book:{title:"Cancer Bioinformatics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10661.jpg",subseries:{id:"7",title:"Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics"}}}]},publishedBooks:{},testimonialsList:[{id:"8",text:"I work with IntechOpen for a number of reasons: their professionalism, their mission in support of Open Access publishing, and the quality of their peer-reviewed publications, but also because they believe in equality.",author:{id:"202192",name:"Catrin",surname:"Rutland",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",slug:"catrin-rutland",institution:{id:"134",name:"University of Nottingham",country:{id:null,name:"United Kingdom"}}}},{id:"18",text:"It was great publishing with IntechOpen, the process was straightforward and I had support all along.",author:{id:"71579",name:"Berend",surname:"Olivier",institutionString:"Utrecht University",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71579/images/system/71579.jpg",slug:"berend-olivier",institution:{id:"253",name:"Utrecht University",country:{id:null,name:"Netherlands"}}}},{id:"27",text:"The opportunity to work with a prestigious publisher allows for the possibility to collaborate with more research groups interested in animal nutrition, leading to the development of new feeding strategies and food valuation while being more sustainable with the environment, allowing more readers to learn about the subject.",author:{id:"175967",name:"Manuel",surname:"Gonzalez Ronquillo",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/175967/images/system/175967.png",slug:"manuel-gonzalez-ronquillo",institution:{id:"6221",name:"Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México",country:{id:null,name:"Mexico"}}}}]},submityourwork:{pteSeriesList:[],lsSeriesList:[],hsSeriesList:[],sshSeriesList:[],subseriesList:[],annualVolumeBook:{},thematicCollection:[],selectedSeries:null,selectedSubseries:null},seriesLanding:{item:null},libraryRecommendation:{success:null,errors:{},institutions:[]},route:{name:"profile.detail",path:"/profiles/110907",hash:"",query:{},params:{id:"110907"},fullPath:"/profiles/110907",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()