Benzimidazole: Pharmacological Profile

Benzimidazole is a bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic compound in which benzene fused to imidazole moiety. Benzimidazole holds a vital role in the field of medicinal chemistry which possesses wide variety of pharmacological activities like antibacterial, anti cancer, antifungal, antileishmanial, anti tubercular, anti viral and anti malarial respectively, hence the benzimidazole moiety attracting the medicinal chemist to synthesize the different benzimidazole derivatives with wide variety of pharmacological activities. The book chapter mainly discussed the anti cancer, anti HIV, antileishmanial and anti tubercular activites of recently synthesized benzimidazole derivatives.


Anti cancer activity
In the year of 2019 Tahlan et al., reported the synthesis and anti cancer activity of the new benzimidazole derivatives, among all the derivatives the compound 1 (Figure 3) found to be best activity at IC 50 value of 4.53 μM against the human colorectal cancer cell line [4], same authors in 2018 reported the compound 2 ( Figure 3) showed best activity at IC 50 value of 4.12 μM against the human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116) [18], same year few authors reported the synthesis, anti anti cancer activity of the new benzimidazole derivatives, Aikman et al., reported the compound 3 (Figure 3) found to be best active compound at EC50 value of 5 AE 2 μM against the melanoma (A375) cells [19], Mohamed et al., reported the compound 4 ( Figure 3) showed best activity at IC 50 value of 80,35, 72 μg/ml against the against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human lung carcinoma (A549), human epitheloid cervix carcinoma (HELA) [20], Gohary et al.,

Anti HIV activity
In
In the year of 2014 many authors reported the anti tubercular activity of synthesized the new benzimidazole derivatives, Gong et al., reported the compound 62 (Figure 8) found to be best activity at MIC value of 0.20, 0.049 μg/mL against nonreplicating Mycobaterium tuberculosis and replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis    [54].
In the year of 2013 also many authors evaluated the anti tubercular activity of newly synthesized benzimidazole derivatives, Nandha et al., reported the

Conclusions
The benimidazole plays in important role in the field of medicinal chemistry, many of the marketing drugs contain benzimidazole moiety are using to illness. In recent medicinal chemistry research the benzimidazole derivatives are in continuous development with many pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-leishmanial, anti-tubercular, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and so on, to meet pharmacological requirement. The present literature may helpful to researcher, medicinal chemist, pharmacologist to design, to synthesize, to develop pharmacologically active benzimidazole derivatives with low toxicity in future.