Introductory Chapter: Application of Power Plants in the Industry Introductory Chapter: Application of Power Plants in the Industry

Power plants are very significant for all industry sectors that depend on exergy processes. Since many factories use such energies for their major processes, they have installed power plants on account of their factories. Installing power plants can gain their energy in an efficient way for the factory. This book poses exergy and application technology to energy processes. This book impresses on the exergy with an overview of all of the energy systems. Energy and exergy efficiencies related to thermodynamic laws are carried out for the power plant and technology. All processes depend on energy that is used more than other similar factories.


Introduction
Power plants are very significant for all industry sectors that depend on exergy processes. Since many factories use such energies for their major processes, they have installed power plants on account of their factories. Installing power plants can gain their energy in an efficient way for the factory. This book poses exergy and application technology to energy processes. This book impresses on the exergy with an overview of all of the energy systems. Energy and exergy efficiencies related to thermodynamic laws are carried out for the power plant and technology. All processes depend on energy that is used more than other similar factories.
These calculations can be determined by thermodynamics laws and their general and specific formulas. Using a Rankine Cycle is more effective than the other thermodynamic cycles. In addition, it includes mass and energy conversion according to a dead state. All these formulas and calculations pose energy and exergy efficiencies.
This book poses energy and exergy efficiency of energy systems and industry about several different factories. Technoeconomic analysis is carried out for the energy and exergy efficiency progresses that should be applied in power plant of factory, which is the center of a factory. In addition, power plant can be an essential influence for factories' lucrativeness. Hence, process stream for the factory energy solutions can be determined energy and exergy efficiencies. This application also can be used for energy saving by power plant's exergy. This book aims to define a comprehensive overview of the application of power plants. In conclusion, this book aims to demonstrate the efficiency of energy and new technological developments in many different areas for power plants.

A brief of power plants
This book covers energy and exergy efficiency of power plants in the industry. Technoeconomic analysis is carried out for the energy and exergy efficiency progresses that should be applied in power plant of many different factories, which are the center of a factory. In addition, power plant can be an essential influence for factory profit. For this reason, the process flow in the factory energy solution, the energy and exergy efficiencies contained in the Thermodynamic Law can be determined [1]. This application can be used for energy saving by the power plant. Moreover, there are Thermodynamic Laws in nuclear energy studies [2]. Energy and exergy analysis studies are also applied in wind energy [3]. Different topics and advantages such as solar energy and fuel cell energy and exergy analyses are emphasized from renewable energy sources [4][5][6]. Energy production also plays a major role in the power plants with fluid bed boiler [7][8][9]. Power plants are very significant for all industry sectors that depend on exergy processes. Since many factories use such energies for their major processes, they have installed power plants on account of their factories. Installing power plants can gain their energy in an efficient way for the factory. This book explores the view of general exergy that is valid for all energy systems. In this way, the cost of thermoeconomic, energy and exergy is known as exergoeconomic (technoeconomic) [10,11]. These data can be analyzed by sensitivity, uncertainty, and other data analysis methods [1,2,4,6,12,13]. Power plants are very significant for all industry sectors that depend on exergy processes. Since many factories use such energies for their major processes, they have installed power plants on account of their factories [14]. Installing power plants can gain their energy in an efficient way for the factory. These calculations are based on the laws of Thermodynamics and their general and special formulas.

Methods, calculations, and Rankine cycle
Using general cycle Rankine cycle that is more effective cycle than the other thermodynamic cycles. The Rankine cycle for the steam power plant is given in Figure 1. Boiler feed water is pumped to the economizer. From here, the pressure-reducing valve is sent to the boiler. In detail, energy calculations are made according to the input and output data from 6 points of Rankine cycle [1].
The temperature-entropy diagram in the Rankine cycle used for the steam power plant cycle is shown in Figure 2.
Rankine cycle calculations are calculated according to the following formulas. Thermodynamic vapour tables are used in calculations. The turbine dryness fraction is calculated from Eq. (1) as below [1]: The turbine enthalpy output is calculated from Eq. (2) as follows [1]: pp -supply pump pressure difference, [kPa]; and η pp -pump efficiency is accepted as 80% [1].
The heat input to the fluidized bed boiler is found in the following equation Eq. (4) [1]: Turbine work can be given in Eq. (5) as follows [1]: where w t -turbine work [kJ/kg]; η t -turbine yield was accepted as 85% [1]; and η j -generator efficiency is accepted as 95% [1].
Net work (The amount of energy production) is found in the following equation Eq. (6) as follows [1]: where w net -net work, [kJ/kg] ; w t -turbine work, [kJ/kg]; and w pp -pump work, [kJ/kg]. Thermal efficiency can be given in equal Eq. (7) as follows [1]: where q  The application of net energy transfer can be calculated from Eq. (10) as follows [1]: where

Lime production energy and exergy calculation
According to the data obtained from the factory, the energy and exergy calculations of the lime from the fluid boiler were made according to the following formulas.
Accordingly, the amount of CaO can be found from Eq. (11) as follows [1,9]: where m CaO  The energy of lime (CaO) is found in the following equation Eq. (12) as follows [1,9]: where En CaO  The lime (CaO) exergy can be found in the following Eq. (13) as follows [1,9]: The energy consumption per lime production is found in the following equation Eq. (14) as follows [1,9]: where CaO is lime and en CaO is the energy consumption per lime production, [kJ/kg].
Lime energy quality can be found in the following Eq. (15) as follows [1,9]: where Θ CaO is the lime energy quality, [%].

Thermal energy efficiency calculations of fluidized bed boiler
The following formulas are used for the calculation of the factory thermal boiler energy efficiency.
The energy input amount of the boiler is calculated from Eq. (16) as follows [1]: Accordingly, the efficiency of the boiler (ηk) is calculated from Eq. (18) as follows [1]: The energy and exergy analysis in the fluidized bed boiler is easily calculated from all these formulas. In addition, lime energy can also be included in the calculations.

Conclusion
This book poses application of a power plant technology in terms of calculation with thermodynamic laws. In addition, this chapter indicates energy and exergy efficiency of power plants in the industry. Technoeconomic analysis is carried out for the energy and exergy efficiency progresses that should be applied in power plant of sugar factory, which is the center of a factory. In addition, power plant can be an essential influence for factory profit. It is concluded that the laws and properties of thermodynamics should be the result-oriented, especially for power plants. This application can be used for energy savings by the power plant.
Power plants are very significant for all industry sectors that depend on exergy processes. Since many factories use such energies for their major processes, they have installed power plants on account of their factories. Installing power plants can gain their energy in an efficient way for the factory. This book poses exergy and application technology to energy processes. This book impresses on the importance of an exergy with an overview of all of the energy systems. Energy and exergy efficiencies related to thermodynamic laws are carried out for the power plant and technology.
All processes depend on energy that is used more than the other similar factories. These calculations can be determined by thermodynamics laws and their general and specific formulas. Using a general cycle, Rankine cycle, is a more effective cycle than the other thermodynamic cycles. In addition, it includes mass and energy conversion according to a dead state. All these formulas and calculations pose energy and exergy efficiencies.
This book poses energy and exergy efficiency of energy systems and industry about several different factories. Technoeconomic analysis is carried out for the energy and exergy efficiency progresses that should be applied in power plant of factory, which is the center of a factory.
As a result, power plants can play an effective role in increasing the profitability of factories. For this reason, energy and exergy efficiencies can be determined by thermodynamic laws in order to make the process flow of the plants more efficient in energy solutions. In this way, power generation in power plants can be made more useful by identifying energy and exergy efficiencies.