Crystalline parameter values of PVA-PVP/(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs.
\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
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A chapter on targeted therapy explores the option of less radical postoperative therapy for women with early, screen-detected breast cancers.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0284-7",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6895-9",doi:"10.5772/1230",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"imaging-of-the-breast-technical-aspects-and-clinical-implication",numberOfPages:236,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"2638c89b8b6f48c59f0ff16e66e1260d",bookSignature:"Laszlo Tabar",publishedDate:"March 16th 2012",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/721.jpg",numberOfDownloads:48404,numberOfWosCitations:11,numberOfCrossrefCitations:4,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:1,numberOfDimensionsCitations:14,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:1,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:29,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"March 17th 2011",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"April 14th 2011",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 19th 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"September 18th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"January 16th 2012",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"82190",title:"Dr.",name:"Laszlo",middleName:null,surname:"Tabar",slug:"laszlo-tabar",fullName:"Laszlo Tabar",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/82190/images/2148_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. László Tabár, , M.D., F.A.C.R.(Hon) is a Professor of Radiology at the University of Uppsala School of Medicine, Sweden, Medical Director emeritus at the Department of Mammography, Falun Central Hospital, Sweden, a Project Leader at Randomized Controled Breast Cancer Screening Project in Kopparberg County, Sweden, and a consultant radiologist for numerous comprenhensive breast centers in the United States of America. \nHe has read over 1,000,000 mammographic screening examinations to date since 1977. Dr. Tabár is an author of “Teaching Atlas of Mammography”, published in 1983, co-authored with Dr. Peter B. Dean, which has been translated into German, Italian, Portugese and Spanish. The 3rd edition was published in 2001 and issued in six languages. Other publications include: “Breast Cancer - The Art & Science of Early Detection With Mammography” (2005), co-authored with Dr. Tibor Tot and Dr. Peter B. Dean, “Breast Cancer - The Art & Science of Early Detection With Mammography. Crushed stone-like calcifications: the most frequent malignant type” (2008), co-authored with Dr. Tibor Tot and Dr. Peter B. Dean, “Breast Cancer - The Art & Science of Early Detection With Mammography. Casting type calcifications: sign of a subtype with deceptive features” (2007), also co-authored with Dr. Tibor Tot and Dr. Peter B. Dean, and the “Practical Breast Pathology” (2002) also co-authored with Dr. Tibor Tot and Dr. Peter B. 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This initiated the mixing of polymers, also known as polymer blending, a kind of engineering polymer that is similar to metallic ingots, and is created by combining at least two polymers to create a separate material with varying basic properties [5, 6, 7, 8]. The method of polymer blends includes melting, solvent blending, latex melding, partial blocking or grafting copolymerization, and the development of interpenetrating polymeric networks [9, 10]. Out of all previously stated, solvent blending is a very cost-effective and straightforward method of producing polymer mixtures. The solvent blending encompasses combining two or more polymers that are frequently immiscible and have compatible components. The interoperability should improve the frequency of the microstructures as well as the capabilities of the substance in terms of structural and bonding properties. In this regard, the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) mixture has developed remarkable qualities, including high elasticity, flexibility, nontoxicity, good mechanical strength, and thermal stability [11, 12, 13]. These configurations also have water-soluble, miscible, excellent electro-optic properties, and composite materializing attributes [2, 14]. Many investigators are involved in their research activities using PVA-PVP mixtures filled with nanoparticles to create a new polymer nanocomposite (PNCs) for any suitable technological applications [2, 15, 16, 17]. Because of their diverse advancement in different new tech, nanoparticles to be fully integrated into the polymer matrix, copper oxide (CuO), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have emerged as excellent nanofillers [18, 19]. The CuO nanoparticles belong to a class of transition metal oxide, with monoclinic structures and p-type semiconducting properties. These highly stable CuO nanofillers also have intriguing properties including outstanding thermophysical properties, good dispersion, photovoltaic capabilities, and antibacterial activity [19, 20]. Other nanofiller multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), on the other hand, encompass many popped graphene sheets with structural complexity and variation. MWNTs, on the other hand, benefit from huge manufacturing facilities, low unit costs of production, improved thermodynamic features, and chemically resilient components. These MWCNTs can be used in sensitive gas detection materials, dielectric materials, and technologically challenging applications such as field emission and optoelectronic screens [14, 21, 22, 23]. This current chapter explores the fabrication of PVA-PVP: (15-x)CuO(x) MWCNTs nanocomposite by the means of solvent casting method for filler levels x = 0, 1, 5, 7.5, 10, 14, and 15wt percent. The preparation of composites by solvent casting method will have benefits such as uniform thickness, enhanced gloss, flexibility, low cost, and also no defects (die lines, extrusion, etc.). The fabricated PNCs are then investigated to explore the structural, optical, dielectric, and electronic properties of any potential device fabrication.
In this current chapter, I have used CuO as one of the nanofillers. In the order to the synthesis of CuO nanofillers, I used crucial laboratory solution grades throughout the investigation. The required reagents (Cu (C2H3O2)2) and NaOH for the preparation were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. 0.02 mol of liquid copper acetate is treated with 1 ml glacial acetic acid. The combination is boiled at 110°C for 1 hour agitating with 500 rpm. 1 M NaOH acid is added to the sample outlined earlier, resulting in the formation of a dark cloud. Using a centrifuge, the precipitation caused by the mixture is retrieved to produce copper oxide nanofillers. This CuO aggregate is washed thoroughly with deionized water several times until all NaOH contaminants are removed until neutral pH values are achieved. The achieved CuO was then dried for 8 hours in an oven at 500°C to remove the humidity component, yielding an approximate 94 percent.
On the other hand, nanofiller carbon nanotubes are considered due to unique properties such as enhanced configurability dispersal, compatibility, or reduced toxicity. 75 mg of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs with 3.5 nm diameter, 1–10m length, purity >90%, and specific surface area > 500 m2/g) was procured from Sigma-Aldrich and soaked in hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 24 hours. These soaked MWCNTs in HCl solution are mixed with 500 ml of distilled water and swirled for 20 minutes at a vigorous stirring rate of 500 rpm. The agitated blend was then screened through a Whatman Nylon filter membrane with a pore size of 0.1 m. The acquired remnant mixture is thoroughly treated until the pH level of the filtrated mixture is neutral. Following that, the MWCNTs were dried in a vacuum oven at 6000°C for 20 hours to remove the water component. Alternate MWCNTs were finely dispersed in a 3:1 volume proportion of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) and homogenized for 2 hours using a probe ultrasonicator (PCI Analytics, India). After rinsing the dispersed mixture with distilled water until the filtrated solution is neutral, it is screened through a 0.1-m Whatman Nylon filter membrane. The precursor is cooked in a vacuum oven, and 73.2 mg of carboxylated MWCNTs (MWCNT-COOH) is produced.
PNCs are made by mixing 8 g of Mowiol 4–88 (PVA from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany, with a mean molecular weight of 31,000) with 80-ml deionized water and agitating for 60 minutes at 90°C to generate a transparent liquid. Similarly, 8 g of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, average molecular weight 40,000, Sigma Aldrich Germany) was combined with 80-ml deionized water. To make an acceptable liquid, this mixture is swirled for 2 hours at 70°C and 500 rpm. A motorized mixer was used to remix the clear, viscous liquid for 1 hour at room temperature (at 300 rpm). The resulting thick mixture is divided into eight equal parts. The following equation produces PVA-PVP:(15-x)CuO(x) MWCNTs nanocomposites with varied “x” nanofiller loadings:
where Wd and Wp signify the weight of the embedded nanofillers and host polymer blend, respectively.
The synthesized ZnO and MWCNTs nanofillers with weights of x = 0, 1, 5, 7.5, 10, 14, and 15 have been embedded in the matrix. Moreover, ultrasonicator is utilized to fill the nanofillers in every region of the PVA-PVP mix for 10minutes or until all nanofillers are evenly disseminated. Each component of the PVA-PVP:(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs solution is put on a glassware petri-dish and dried overnight in an oven at 500°C. Each nanocomposite is scraped and wrapped in a silver sheet before being kept in a vacuum environment for further examination.
The prepared PNCs have a thickness of 165–180 nm predicted using a DektaK stylus profilometer (Bruker). The structural parameters of PNCs are established
XRD spectra of PVA-PVP:(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs PNCs.
Table 1 also shows each microstructural strain (also referred to as strain), dislocation density (also referred to as density), and crystallinity (also known as phase) of PVA-PVP: (15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs with varying filler dosage. The crystallite size in polymer nanocomposite evaluates molecular instability by integrating nanoparticles in the spine of the PVA-PVP polymer. We created an algorithm to describe the crystallinity behavior of composite materials using PowderX software (http://powdex.eng.umich.edu). The presence of intrinsic filler ions across the crystalline-state interstitial regions of the PVA-PVP backbone might be interpreted as a PVA main chain with nanofillers [24]. The “x” denotes filler weight concentration and for x = 14 percent, and the maximum crystallinity is observed. Recrystallization might play a significant role in the unexpected variation in defect characteristics of nanocomposites. Because of certain properties, the structural regularities of the PVA-PVP host molecule change when MWCNTs and CuO nanofillers are added. As a consequence, these factors improve the crystalline properties of PVA-PVP nanocomposites.
Dopants concentrations (wt%) | % Crystallinity | D (nm) | Microstrain (ε) x 10−3 | δ (1016 lines/m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pure PVA-PVP | 54.81 | 3.79 | 12.94 | 6.9618 |
0 | 53.96 | 9.89 | 4.313 | 1.022 |
1 | 55.01 | 10.06 | 4.224 | 0.988 |
5 | 56.03 | 10.91 | 3.780 | 0.840 |
7.5 | 57.12 | 11.78 | 2.133 | 0.720 |
10 | 57.67 | 12.52 | 1.997 | 0.637 |
14 | 58.92 | 13.88 | 1.487 | 0.519 |
15 | 56.71 | 12.59 | 1.812 | 0.630 |
Crystalline parameter values of PVA-PVP/(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs.
The occurrence of surface roughness as well as morphological changes in the filled composites was measured by the means of the solver-PRO (NT-MDT) AFM instrument. The tapping-mode AFM investigation evaluates the surface and roughness of the manufactured composites. Figure 2(a) and (b) shows two-dimensional (2D) AFM images of nanocomposite for unadulterated and optimal filler level x = 10wt percent. The root-medium-square (RMS) surface roughness of the composites is determined using the AFM topography in the scan region (Table 2). The RMS surface roughness measurements are 1.3 nm for x = 14 wt percent. The incorporation of nanofiller MWCNTs and CuO into the PVA-PVP mix improves the roughness of the RMS up to x = 14 wt percent loading. An improvement in the roughness indicates an improvement in the crystalline properties of nanocomposites. AFM images also display the linked images’ quick two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT). This 2-D FFT converts spatial info to frequency, which is highly valuable for analyzing the morphology of the nanocomposite surface. In the FFT images, the white dots represent the periodicity of surface morphology. The white point density is higher in the x = 14 wt percent filler level than in the pure PVA-PVP mix film. As a result, we may conclude that MWCNTs and CuO nanofillers are randomly oriented inside the PVA-PVP matrix, resulting in a large patch of scattered intensity at the center. Figure 3 shows PVA-PVP 3-D photographs: (15-x)CuO (x)MWCNTs with x = 14 wt% nanofiller concentration. Within the PVA matrix, AFM suggests the particle heights of the order 33.7 nm having an average specific diameter of nearly 118.43 nm.
AFM images (2D) with FFT transform spatial information of (a) pure PVA-PVP and (b) PVA-PVP with nanofillers for x = 14 wt% filler concentration.
Parameter | Mean | Minimum | Maximum | Sigma |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total count | 8.000 | 8.000 | 8.000 | 0.000 |
Density | 0.320 (/μm2) | 0.320 (/μm2) | 0.320 (/μm2) | 0.000 (/μm2) |
Height | 14.508 (nm) | 5.172 (nm) | 42.576 (nm) | 14.187 (nm) |
Area | 58031.082 (nm2) | 9536.743 (nm2) | 321960.438 (nm2) | 100274.750 (nm2) |
Diameter | 216.134 (nm) | 110.193 (nm) | 640.260 (nm) | 164.844 (nm) |
AFM parameters of PVA-PVP:(15-x)CuO (x)MWCNTs of optimum filler loading x = 14 wt%.
AFM 3-dimensional photograph of PVA-PVP (15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs for x = 14 wt%.
The cryo-scanning model SEM EVO 18 ALTO 1000 estimates the morphological structure, particle size estimation, and content of PNCs. Figure 4 depicts SEM surface morphology, signposting both the nanofillers are equally dispersed in PVA-PVP for x = 14 wt%. It is also clear that the PVA-PVP combination shows the complex entanglement with both added nanofillers CuO and MWCNTs, resulting in a homogeneous nanocomposite film. For optimal concentration x = 14wt percent, the entangling or binding between MWCNTs and CuO nanofillers is high. The high concentration of solely MWCNTs or CuO nanofillers restricts (x = 15wt percent or x = 0 wt percent) enhancement of the nanocomposites’ structural behavior.
SEM photographs of PVA-PVP:(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs for x = 14 wt%.
The FTIR spectra of PNCs are procured with 50 scans and 2 cm−1 precision using a KBr Pellets Varian Excalibur FTIR Spectrometer in the 500 to 4000 cm−1 range. In Figure 5, continuum demonstrated typical bending and stretching vibration of a structural class of constructed PVA-PVP:(15-x)CuO(x) MWCNTs PNCs. The presence of the O-H hydroxyl group in a pure PVP/PVA mix is indicated by the broad and extreme range peaks detected regularly at 2857–3631 cm−1. The shifting of the O-H band in the altered PVA-PVP mix corresponds to the amount of added nanofiller levels. The addition of filler up to x = 14wt percent changes the OH stretching frequencies to lower wavenumbers than pure PVA-PVP blends. The association of CuO and MWCNT nanofillers with the PVA/PVP-OH group is a key factor in enhancing the structural, optical, and electrical features. The narrowing of the hydroxyl band due to the nanofillers enhancement induces the semicrystalline in nanocomposite material. The rise in nanofillers leads to the OH vibrational bands of alcohol and phenols, at 3577 cm−1, to shift toward the higher wavenumbers. In comparison with the pure PVA-PVP mix, the inclusion of nanofiller up to x = 14wt percent resulted in a shortening of the hydroxyl band. The peaks signifying at 2570 cm−1 represent a typical band of C-C oscillations of the PNCs. The primary chain PVA-PVP spectra are represented by three bands at 2492 and 2320, showing 141 cm−1 which shows the interaction of C-H symmetric distortion, CH2 deformation, and C=O stretching with the loaded nanofillers [25]. The FTIR spectra show that the nanofillers CuO and MWCNTs move the several bands toward the lower frequency range. These modifications symbolize that the additional nanofillers entangle with C-H compounds in the PVA-PVP to generate complicated conformations [26]. An active absorption with band associated with symmetric and asymmetric stretching C=O of the PVA-PVP mix backbone structure originates at 1714–1011 cm−1. The absorption peaks seen at 918 cm−1 indicate the PVA-PVP blend’s syndiotactic structure. The addition of nanofillers improves the syndiotactic of the PVA-PVP mix, resulting in dense molecular packing and stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonding. These causes lead the molecular mobility to vanish, resulting in an increase in crystallinity inside the polymer matrix. Thus, the crystalline characteristics of PVP-PVA(15-x)CuO(x) MWCNTs PNCs were determined by the local surface chemistry, internal structural ordering of nanofillers, and strain engendered by nanofillers with the PVA-PVP host matrix.
FTIR spectra of PVP/PVA(15-x)CuO(x) MWCNTs PNCs.
Shimadzu UV-visible spectrometer is used to evaluate optical characteristics such as the energy gap of PVA-PVP (15-x)CuO(x) MWCNTs. Figure 6 presents the UV-visible spectra of PNCs for varied dose amounts. The optical absorption coefficient increases as the loading dose increases. The intensity of the absorption bands increases with nanofiller content and exhibits redshifts, indicating an improvement in charge delocalization within the PVA-PVP network [27]. The formation of a complex between the host matrix and nanofillers enhances the shift in the absorption band. These intricate hydrophobic interactions increase nanofiller entanglement (complex conformation) with the host matrix, resulting in crystalline characteristics. The creation of complex conformation was found to be greatest until the filling level reached x = 10wt percent, modifying the wavelength of the absorption peaks and resulting in maximum absorption intensity. Figure 7 exposes the indirect permitted transition of PNCs supplied by linear behavior at room temperature. The result of an extending of the linear component of the depicted curve from a measure of optical energy bandgap Eg of the PVA-PVP: (15-x)CuO (x) MWCNTs to (hv)0.5 = 0 is the optical energy bandgap Eg of PNCs. The graph depicts the respective bandgaps of PNCs for different loading levels. The reduction in the optical energy gap as filler loading increases for x = 10wt percent is due to nanofillers occupying interstitial locations between PVA-PVP chains and encouraging complex conformations [28]. This causes a charge exchange mechanism between the nanofillers and the PVA-PVP chain network, resulting in a smaller energy gap and increased conductivity in the PVA-PVP/(15-x)CuO(x) MWCNTs nanocomposites.
UV-visible spectra of PVA-PVP:(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs PNCs.
Deviation of energy gap (Eg) for various loading levels.
The DC electrical conductivity of MWCNT and CuO nanofillers (x = 0, 1, 5, 7.5, 10, 14, and 15wt percent) inside the PVA-PVP matrix is explored in Table 3. The DC conductivity of PNCs increases by 13.35 x 10−9 S/cm at nanoparticles volume fraction x = 14wt percent. The PVA-PVP chain network embedded with nanofillers promotes the charge transfer complexes within the nanocomposites (CTCs). The semicrystalline PVA-PVP nanocomposites that generate CTCs have an increased conductivity in amorphous regions of the polymer matrix as a consequence of reduced barrier heights. With a (bi) polaron wave function overlay on the PVA-PVP chain, rapid intrachain wavelike movement is made possible by the PVA-PVP network’s PVA-PVP for electron conveyance. This fallout in leaping motion from site to site is initiated by the contacts of (bi)polaron with neighboring chains [29]. Fluctuations in carrier activity caused by nanofiller loading may lead to reduced activation energies. Interstitial PVA-PVP chains may include MWCNTs and CuO nanofillers, which may be considered to be dispersed throughout the amorphous phase. Hydrogen bonds between the nanofillers and the PVA-PVP chain conduct charge between the nanofillers and the PVA-PVP network. The interfacial barrier is increased and the likelihood of insulator chain transitions is decreased by lowering the crystalline-amorphous contact. This is explained by the percolation theory, which states that the nanoparticles create a conducting path between two charging sites.
Sl No | Filler concentration (wt%) | Resistance(Ω) | Conductivity (σ in S/cm) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Pure PVA-PVP | 10.534x 106 | 1.423 x10−11 |
2 | 0 | 9.337x 106 | 1.605 x10−11 |
3 | 1 | 8.134x105 | 1.841x10−10 |
4 | 5 | 7.970x105 | 1.882x10−10 |
5 | 7.5 | 6.334x104 | 2.368x10−9 |
6 | 10 | 2.943 x104 | 5.096x10−9 |
7 | 14 | 1.123x104 | 13.35x10−9 |
8 | 15 | 2.278x104 | 6.584x10−9 |
DC conductivity parameters of PVA-PVP:(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs PNCs.
Contrary to neutral conjugated polymers, counterions must be considered when transporters are included. There are (bi)polaron traps created by the coulomb interaction of counterions due to the low loading level. As the loading level is raised from x = 0 to 14%, coulomb traps are reduced, allowing the carriers to move inside and across chains. These traps overlap by decreasing the barrier and encouraging movement at x = 14wt percent ideal filled. Carrier transportation interchain is considerably affected by nanocomposites’ shape and microstructure conditions that reduce conductivity above x > 14wt percent [30].
The thermal degradation at heating intervals of 10 °C/min is archived utilizing Shimadzu Thermogravimetric-45H in a temperature range of 35 to 650°C. Figure 8 shows the thermal behavior of crucial PVP-PVA mix and filled PNCs with stages of loading x = 0,1,5,7.5,10,14, and 15wt. A considerable weight loss between 120°C and 255°C resulted in the fragmentation of macromolecular chains [31]. The thermal breakdown of the PVA-PVP main chains is responsible for the significant substantial weight loss over 260°C. In the majority of the experiments, a peak between 550 and 650°C was discovered, which was attributed to carbonization and degradation of the polymer mixture [32]. Thermal stability is also improved by shifting the curves to higher temperatures and increasing the nanofiller loading levels. The improved thermal stability could be attributed to the superior thermal properties of the additional nanofillers, which promote heat dissipation in PVA-PVP matrices [33]. The interfacial contact and morphological variations inside the PNC for an optimal filler level x = 14 wt percent may promote heat dissipation and successfully postpone the disintegration of nanocomposites. The enhancement of the interfacial contact between embedded nanofillers and PVA-PVP PNCs dispersion up to x = 14wt percent loading promotes improvement in thermal stability when compared with pure PVA-PVP blend.
TGA thermograms of PNCs for different filler levels.
The TGA curves give the thermodynamics parameters obtained by employing the following two processes mainly Coats–Redfern method and the Broido method [34]. Determining the undecomposed initial “Y” number of molecules for different temperatures (T), a graph of ln [ln (1/Y)] versus 1/T shows a quite close straight path. Calculated slope using successive lines yields the activation energy [35]. Table 4 shows how activation energy (E) measurements in Coats, Redfern, and Broido technique, reducing with the rise in nanofillers loading to the optimal loading value. This demonstrates the significant impact of the inclusion of nanoparticles in the polymer backbone of the PVA-PVP mix.
Nanofiller loading concentration “x” (wt%) | Coats–Redfern method (KJ/mol) | Broido method (KJ/mol) | Percentage crystallinity |
---|---|---|---|
Pure PVA-PVP | 260.2 | 257.5 | 50.77 |
0 | 258.3 | 254.9 | 52.84 |
1 | 254.7 | 250.1 | 53.17 |
5 | 250.7 | 246.7 | 54.11 |
7.5 | 243.8 | 238.4 | 54.78 |
10 | 236.3 | 231.8 | 55.11 |
14 | 227.6 | 222.7 | 56.34 |
15 | 237.1 | 234.2 | 55.01 |
Activation energy and percentage crystallinity of unfilled and filled PNCs employing Coats–Redfern and Broido techniques.
Fluorescence spectrophotometer-Cary eclipse (Varian) PL spectra are employed for determining the photoluminescent spectrum using emission and arousal slit size 5 nm, scanning rate 120 nm/min, data interval 1 nm (average time 0.5 s), PMT voltage 600 V, and exc = 325 nm wavelength by excitation. Figure 9 signposts the photoluminescence of PVP/PVA(15-x)CuO(x) MWCNTs PNCs with a percentage loading levels for x = 0, 1, 5, 7.5, 10, 14, and 15wt. PL is an approach for measuring electrical properties that is influenced by the complex particles aspect created by crystallinity. At room temperature, PL studies for generated PNCs were performed at a surge wavelength of 375 nm. By ignoring a specified harmonic reflection order, the PNCs produce thrilling pinnacles at 380 nm and accurate, strong emission bands throughout the visual range of 650 nm [36]. The planar PVA-PVP polymer molecules are represented by the first strong PL in the near UV-vis regions. The electronic displacement of the OH side chain in the three distinct aqueous, isotactic, syndiotactic, and atactic polymer configurations corresponds to the broad emission spectrum discovered for PVA-PVP nanocomposite [37]. The electron-hole interaction of MWCNTs with CuO nanofillers is reminiscent of a pronounced emission band at 638 nm. Some scientists ascribe the wideband PL emission of PVP-PVA(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs nanocomposites to CuO structural deficiencies (green regions), such as oxygen vacancies, and MWCNTs, as well as specific contaminants (yellow and orange areas) [38].
PL spectra of synthesized PNCs.
PNCs real and complex dielectric nanocomposites are assessed utilizing the 4200-SCS Keithley parameter analyzer at rooms from 1 kHz to 1 MHz across frequency bands. The spectroscopy of complex dielectric permittivity (real part
Deviation of the real dielectric constant of PVA-PVP:(15-x)CuO(x)MWCNTs PNCs for different filler concentrations.
Variation of imaginary dielectric constant for different filler loadings.
Variation of tan δ versus frequency of PNCs.
This chapter conveys the impacts of structural, optical, thermal, dielectric, and electrical properties of CuO nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-filled PVA and PVP blend matrix (50/50wt percent) for x = 0,1,5,7.5, 10,14, and 15wt percent. For x = 14wt percent loading, X-ray diffraction research reveals an improvement in crystallinity of PNCs. The FTIR, SEM, and AFM measurements of PVA-PVP:(15-x)CuO (x)MWCNTs for x = 0,1,5,7.5, 10,14, and 15wt percent provide information on the miscible mix, PVA-PVP interaction and polymer-nanoparticle interfaces, and the influence of CuO and MWCNTs nanofillers on the morphology aspects of the PVA-PVP blend network. For optical investigations signposting for x = 14wt percent, the nanofiller dispersion in the PNCs matrix appreciably improves the crystalline phase, reducing the optical energy gap to 2.31 eV. The rise in optimal loading up to x = 14wt percent enhances the DC conductivity by 13.35x10–9 S/cm. Ignoring a certain harmonic order of reflection, photoluminescence investigations of PNCs show thrilling pinnacles at 380 nm and precise, strong emission bands throughout the visual range of 650 nm. TGA experiments exhibit that increasing the interface contact between MWCNTs with CuO nanofillers and PVA-PVP PNCs dispersion up to x = 14 wt% loading level may augment the thermal stability in comparison with pure PVA-PVP blend. The dielectric and electrical properties of these PNCs are examined over frequency ranges ranging from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The establishment of a percolating network
The author is thankful to the University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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Shishkovsky"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9313",title:"Clay Science and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6fa7e70396ff10620e032bb6cfa6fb72",slug:"clay-science-and-technology",bookSignature:"Gustavo Morari Do Nascimento",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9313.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"7153",title:"Prof.",name:"Gustavo",middleName:null,surname:"Morari Do Nascimento",slug:"gustavo-morari-do-nascimento",fullName:"Gustavo Morari Do Nascimento"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10045",title:"Fillers",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"aac44d6491e740af99bec2f62aa05883",slug:"fillers",bookSignature:"Emmanuel Flores Huicochea",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10045.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"206705",title:"Dr.",name:"Emmanuel",middleName:null,surname:"Flores Huicochea",slug:"emmanuel-flores-huicochea",fullName:"Emmanuel Flores Huicochea"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8188",title:"Ion Beam Techniques and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4f212072e7141ba20788b6fe79d28370",slug:"ion-beam-techniques-and-applications",bookSignature:"Ishaq Ahmad and Tingkai Zhao",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8188.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"25524",title:"Prof.",name:"Ishaq",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"ishaq-ahmad",fullName:"Ishaq Ahmad"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6737",title:"Powder Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"65211e3ea1db91e795908df350115d1f",slug:"powder-technology",bookSignature:"Alberto Adriano Cavalheiro",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6737.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"201848",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto Adriano",middleName:null,surname:"Cavalheiro",slug:"alberto-adriano-cavalheiro",fullName:"Alberto Adriano Cavalheiro"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6306",title:"Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Metals and Alloys",subtitle:"Modeling and Optimization",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e08cc35cef3caf389096ca4b999742f",slug:"additive-manufacturing-of-high-performance-metals-and-alloys-modeling-and-optimization",bookSignature:"Igor V. Shishkovsky",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6306.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"178616",title:"Prof.",name:"Igor",middleName:"V.",surname:"Shishkovsky",slug:"igor-shishkovsky",fullName:"Igor Shishkovsky"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5759",title:"Lamination",subtitle:"Theory and Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a4f81291f9d75ed83b1f4f5e0b56f36",slug:"lamination-theory-and-application",bookSignature:"Charles A. Osheku",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5759.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"148660",title:"Dr.",name:"Charles",middleName:"Attah",surname:"Osheku",slug:"charles-osheku",fullName:"Charles Osheku"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3683",title:"Engineering the Future",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"engineering-the-future",bookSignature:"Laszlo Dudas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3683.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"135546",title:"Prof.",name:"Laszlo",middleName:null,surname:"Dudas",slug:"laszlo-dudas",fullName:"Laszlo Dudas"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:8,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"12376",doi:"10.5772/10380",title:"Digital Factory – Theory and Practice",slug:"digital-factory-theory-and-practice",totalDownloads:7079,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:14,abstract:null,book:{id:"3683",slug:"engineering-the-future",title:"Engineering the Future",fullTitle:"Engineering the Future"},signatures:"Milan Gregor and Stefan Medvecky",authors:null},{id:"60707",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.75832",title:"Processing Parameters for Selective Laser Sintering or Melting of Oxide Ceramics",slug:"processing-parameters-for-selective-laser-sintering-or-melting-of-oxide-ceramics",totalDownloads:2073,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:12,abstract:"In this chapter, we present a detailed introduction to the factors which influence laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) on oxide ceramics. These factors can be in general divided in three main categories: laser-related factors (wavelength, power, scanning speed, hatch distance, scan pattern, beam diameter, etc.), powder- and material-related factors (flowability, size distribution, shape, powder deposition, thickness of deposited layers, etc.), and other factors (pre- or post-processing, inert gas atmosphere, etc.). The process parameters directly affect the amount of energy delivered to the surface of the thin layer and the energy density absorbed by the powders; therefore, decide the physical and mechanical properties of the built parts, such as relative density, porosity, surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, strength, etc. The parameter-property relation is hence reviewed for the most studied oxide ceramic materials, including families from alumina, silica, and some ceramic mixtures. Among those parameters, reducing temperature gradient which decreases the thermal stresses is one of the key factors to improve the ceramic quality. Although realizing crack-free ceramics combined with a smooth surface is still a major challenge, through optimizing the parameters, it is possible for LPBF processed ceramic parts to achieve properties close to those of conventionally produced ceramics.",book:{id:"6306",slug:"additive-manufacturing-of-high-performance-metals-and-alloys-modeling-and-optimization",title:"Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Metals and Alloys",fullTitle:"Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Metals and Alloys - Modeling and Optimization"},signatures:"Haidong Zhang and Saniya LeBlanc",authors:[{id:"213235",title:"Prof.",name:"Saniya",middleName:null,surname:"LeBlanc",slug:"saniya-leblanc",fullName:"Saniya LeBlanc"},{id:"213239",title:"Dr.",name:"Haidong",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"haidong-zhang",fullName:"Haidong Zhang"}]},{id:"59094",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72973",title:"Structure and Properties of the Bulk Standard Samples and Cellular Energy Absorbers",slug:"structure-and-properties-of-the-bulk-standard-samples-and-cellular-energy-absorbers",totalDownloads:735,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:9,abstract:"The development of additive technology revealed a real prospect of their use for the manufacture of complex shapes. Now, it is possible to produce parts that previously were either very difficult to produce using the subtracting technology and joining technology, or it was not at all feasible. In the manufacture of parts of complex shape, it is necessary to use a supporting structure, which is necessary to place such a way that they can be easily removed. Additionally, they must necessarily be absent in certain places. In this regard, the preparation model can take significant time to satisfy all of these, often conflicting, requirements. In this paper, we show optimization examples of the model preparation with support structures for parts manufactured at the facility EOSINT M270 and used in medicine and engineering. Additional emphasis is on the fact that, during the manufacture of parts, solidification’s modes of massive parts differ from those of the thin-walled portions of parts. The results of the complex studies on the different stainless steels (including martensitic) are described with an emphasis on their structure and mechanical properties. The results of a honeycomb energy absorbers, which are quite seldom produced by the additive technologies, are presented in this chapter.",book:{id:"6306",slug:"additive-manufacturing-of-high-performance-metals-and-alloys-modeling-and-optimization",title:"Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Metals and Alloys",fullTitle:"Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Metals and Alloys - Modeling and Optimization"},signatures:"Pavel Kuznetcov, Anton Zhukov, Artem Deev, Vitaliy Bobyr and\nMikhail Staritcyn",authors:[{id:"223064",title:"Dr.",name:"Pavel",middleName:null,surname:"Kuznetsov",slug:"pavel-kuznetsov",fullName:"Pavel Kuznetsov"},{id:"227212",title:"Mr.",name:"Artem",middleName:null,surname:"Deev",slug:"artem-deev",fullName:"Artem Deev"},{id:"227213",title:"Mr.",name:"Vitaliy",middleName:null,surname:"Bobyr",slug:"vitaliy-bobyr",fullName:"Vitaliy Bobyr"},{id:"227215",title:"Mr.",name:"Anton",middleName:null,surname:"Zhukov",slug:"anton-zhukov",fullName:"Anton Zhukov"},{id:"227216",title:"Mr.",name:"Mikhail",middleName:null,surname:"Staritcyn",slug:"mikhail-staritcyn",fullName:"Mikhail Staritcyn"}]},{id:"59742",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.74331",title:"Advanced Technologies in Manufacturing 3D-Layered Structures for Defense and Aerospace",slug:"advanced-technologies-in-manufacturing-3d-layered-structures-for-defense-and-aerospace",totalDownloads:1820,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:8,abstract:"In the past 20 years, a great progress has been made in additive manufacturing techniques, which has led to numerous applications in aeronautical and defense structures. Though not all advanced materials and alloys, can be automatically layered by a rapid prototyping system or machine, several interesting application have seen the light of publicity in many sectors. Efforts are underway to apply the automated layering technologies in as many materials as possible, mostly nowadays plastics, reinforced-polymers, and metals can be processed by such systems in order to produce three-dimensional parts. The work is underway internationally in order to promote more and more applications of additive manufacturing or automated layering and to lower the costs in such systems. This paper aims at presenting a review of the additive manufacturing history presenting the major steps that lead to the explosion of this technology, and with a special focus on advanced 3D structures in aerospace and defense applications. An insight is also given on the four dimensions of manufacturing concept.",book:{id:"5759",slug:"lamination-theory-and-application",title:"Lamination",fullTitle:"Lamination - Theory and Application"},signatures:"Dionysios E. Mouzakis",authors:[{id:"107011",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Dionysios",middleName:"E.",surname:"Mouzakis",slug:"dionysios-mouzakis",fullName:"Dionysios Mouzakis"}]},{id:"61242",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.76860",title:"Theory and Technology of Direct Laser Deposition",slug:"theory-and-technology-of-direct-laser-deposition",totalDownloads:1278,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:7,abstract:"Presently the additive technologies in manufacturing are widely developed in all industrialized countries. Replacing the traditional technology of casting and machining with additive technologies, one can significantly reduce material consumption and labor costs. They also allow obtaining products with desired properties. The most promising for manufacturing large-sized products is the additive technology of high-speed direct laser deposition. Using this technology allows to create complex parts and construction to one technological operation without using addition equipment and tools. This technology allows decreasing of consumption of raw materials and decrease amount of waste. Equipment for realization of DLD technology is universal and based on module design principle. DLD is based on layer-by-layer deposition and melting of powder by laser beam from using a sliced 3D computer-aided design (CAD) file. The materials used are powders based on Fe, Ni, and Ti. This chapter presents the results of machine design and research HS DLD technology from various materials.",book:{id:"6306",slug:"additive-manufacturing-of-high-performance-metals-and-alloys-modeling-and-optimization",title:"Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Metals and Alloys",fullTitle:"Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Metals and Alloys - Modeling and Optimization"},signatures:"Gleb Turichin and Olga Klimova-Korsmik",authors:[{id:"212068",title:"Dr.",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Klimova-Korsmik",slug:"klimova-korsmik",fullName:"Klimova-Korsmik"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"72209",title:"Multifunctional Clay in Pharmaceuticals",slug:"multifunctional-clay-in-pharmaceuticals",totalDownloads:820,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"Clay has its widespread applications in pharmaceuticals from ancient world to modern era. It is one of the excellent excipients present in the commercially available pharmaceuticals. Its use in many of dosage forms viz. in suspension, emulsion, ointments, gels, tablet and as drug delivery carrier as suspending agent, emulsifying agent, stiffening agent, binder, diluent, opacifier, and as release retardant have been explored in many studies. Variety of minerals is used as both excipient and as an active ingredient; among that kaolinite, talc, and gypsum are important. Their inertness, low toxicity, versatile physiochemical properties and cost effectiveness has increased its usage in pharma industries. Many minerals have its own pharmacological action as antacid, anti-bacterial, anti-emetic, anti- diarrheal agent and as skin protectant etc. Their unique structure which helps them to absorb material onto their layered sheets has opened a wide variety of applications in drug delivery. The understanding of surface chemistry and particle size distribution of clay minerals has led the pharmaceutical field in many directions and future perspectives.",book:{id:"9313",slug:"clay-science-and-technology",title:"Clay Science and Technology",fullTitle:"Clay Science and Technology"},signatures:"Nandakumar Selvasudha, Unnikrishnan-Meenakshi Dhanalekshmi, Sekar Krishnaraj, Yogeeswarakannan Harish Sundar, Nagarajan Sri Durga Devi and Irisappan Sarathchandiran",authors:[{id:"317602",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Nandakumar",middleName:null,surname:"Selvasudha",slug:"nandakumar-selvasudha",fullName:"Nandakumar Selvasudha"},{id:"319654",title:"Dr.",name:"Unnikrishnan-Meenakshi",middleName:null,surname:"Dhanalekshmi",slug:"unnikrishnan-meenakshi-dhanalekshmi",fullName:"Unnikrishnan-Meenakshi Dhanalekshmi"},{id:"319655",title:"Dr.",name:"Sekar",middleName:null,surname:"Krishnaraj",slug:"sekar-krishnaraj",fullName:"Sekar Krishnaraj"},{id:"319656",title:"Mr.",name:"Yogeeswarakannan Harish",middleName:null,surname:"Sundar",slug:"yogeeswarakannan-harish-sundar",fullName:"Yogeeswarakannan Harish Sundar"},{id:"319657",title:"Mrs.",name:"Nagarajan Sri",middleName:null,surname:"Sridurga Devi",slug:"nagarajan-sri-sridurga-devi",fullName:"Nagarajan Sri Sridurga Devi"},{id:"319658",title:"Dr.",name:"Irisappan",middleName:null,surname:"Sarathchandiran",slug:"irisappan-sarathchandiran",fullName:"Irisappan Sarathchandiran"}]},{id:"80125",title:"Perspective Chapter: Additive Manufactured Zirconia-Based Bio-Ceramics for Biomedical Applications",slug:"perspective-chapter-additive-manufactured-zirconia-based-bio-ceramics-for-biomedical-applications",totalDownloads:185,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Zirconia was established as one of the chief vital ceramic materials for its superior mechanical permanency and biocompatibility, which make it a popular material for dental and orthopedic applications. This has inspired biomedical engineers to exploit zirconia-based bioceramics for dental restorations and repair of load-bearing bone defects caused by cancer, arthritis, and trauma. Additive manufacturing (AM) is being promoted as a possible technique for mimicking the complex architecture of human tissues, and advancements reported in the recent past make it a suitable choice for clinical applications. AM is a bottom-up approach that can offer a high resolution to 3D printed zirconia-based bioceramics for implants, prostheses, and scaffold manufacturing. Substantial research has been initiated worldwide on a large scale for reformatting and optimizing zirconia bioceramics for biomedical applications to maximize the clinical potential of AM. This book chapter provides a comprehensive summary of zirconia-based bioceramics using AM techniques for biomedical applications and highlights the challenges related to AM of zirconia.",book:{id:"10974",slug:"advanced-additive-manufacturing",title:"Advanced Additive Manufacturing",fullTitle:"Advanced Additive Manufacturing"},signatures:"Sakthiabirami Kumaresan, Soundharrajan Vaiyapuri, Jin-Ho Kang, Nileshkumar Dubey, Geetha Manivasagam, Kwi-Dug Yun and Sang-Won Park",authors:[{id:"246235",title:"Prof.",name:"Geetha",middleName:null,surname:"Manivasagam",slug:"geetha-manivasagam",fullName:"Geetha Manivasagam"},{id:"426610",title:"Prof.",name:"Park",middleName:null,surname:"Sangwon",slug:"park-sangwon",fullName:"Park Sangwon"},{id:"429162",title:"Dr.",name:"Sakthiabirami",middleName:null,surname:"Kumaresan",slug:"sakthiabirami-kumaresan",fullName:"Sakthiabirami Kumaresan"},{id:"442019",title:"Dr.",name:"Soundharrajan",middleName:null,surname:"Vaiyapuri",slug:"soundharrajan-vaiyapuri",fullName:"Soundharrajan Vaiyapuri"},{id:"442021",title:"Dr.",name:"Jin-Ho",middleName:null,surname:"Kang",slug:"jin-ho-kang",fullName:"Jin-Ho Kang"},{id:"442023",title:"Prof.",name:"Nileshkumar",middleName:null,surname:"Dubey",slug:"nileshkumar-dubey",fullName:"Nileshkumar Dubey"},{id:"442024",title:"Prof.",name:"Kwi-Dug",middleName:null,surname:"Yun",slug:"kwi-dug-yun",fullName:"Kwi-Dug Yun"}]},{id:"72560",title:"Limestone Clays for Ceramic Industry",slug:"limestone-clays-for-ceramic-industry",totalDownloads:674,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"Limestone clays are used in the ceramic segment in the manufacture of bricks, ceramic tiles, and in the production of cement, among others. Limestone can be present in soils in pure form or as a contaminant, but always from marine environments. The limestone after burning can present a high loss of mass (35–45%), which can cause serious problems with the sintering of ceramic products such as bricks, tiles. The calcium or magnesium carbonate once dissociated forms calcium oxide (CaO) and releases carbon dioxide (CO2). CaO in contact with water subsequently experiences very high expansions that can cause cracks in the materials. Researchers have studied procedures to inhibit limestone action on clays as well as to set the correct temperature for firing. In this chapter, examples of clays with different percentages of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that are used in the ceramic segment and their characteristics will be given.",book:{id:"9313",slug:"clay-science-and-technology",title:"Clay Science and Technology",fullTitle:"Clay Science and Technology"},signatures:"Herbet Alves de Oliveira and Cochiran Pereira dos Santos",authors:[{id:"316552",title:"Dr.",name:"Herbet",middleName:null,surname:"Alves de Oliveira",slug:"herbet-alves-de-oliveira",fullName:"Herbet Alves de Oliveira"},{id:"320536",title:"Dr.",name:"Cochiran",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira dos Santos",slug:"cochiran-pereira-dos-santos",fullName:"Cochiran Pereira dos Santos"}]},{id:"60707",title:"Processing Parameters for Selective Laser Sintering or Melting of Oxide Ceramics",slug:"processing-parameters-for-selective-laser-sintering-or-melting-of-oxide-ceramics",totalDownloads:2078,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:12,abstract:"In this chapter, we present a detailed introduction to the factors which influence laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) on oxide ceramics. These factors can be in general divided in three main categories: laser-related factors (wavelength, power, scanning speed, hatch distance, scan pattern, beam diameter, etc.), powder- and material-related factors (flowability, size distribution, shape, powder deposition, thickness of deposited layers, etc.), and other factors (pre- or post-processing, inert gas atmosphere, etc.). The process parameters directly affect the amount of energy delivered to the surface of the thin layer and the energy density absorbed by the powders; therefore, decide the physical and mechanical properties of the built parts, such as relative density, porosity, surface roughness, dimensional accuracy, strength, etc. The parameter-property relation is hence reviewed for the most studied oxide ceramic materials, including families from alumina, silica, and some ceramic mixtures. Among those parameters, reducing temperature gradient which decreases the thermal stresses is one of the key factors to improve the ceramic quality. Although realizing crack-free ceramics combined with a smooth surface is still a major challenge, through optimizing the parameters, it is possible for LPBF processed ceramic parts to achieve properties close to those of conventionally produced ceramics.",book:{id:"6306",slug:"additive-manufacturing-of-high-performance-metals-and-alloys-modeling-and-optimization",title:"Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Metals and Alloys",fullTitle:"Additive Manufacturing of High-performance Metals and Alloys - Modeling and Optimization"},signatures:"Haidong Zhang and Saniya LeBlanc",authors:[{id:"213235",title:"Prof.",name:"Saniya",middleName:null,surname:"LeBlanc",slug:"saniya-leblanc",fullName:"Saniya LeBlanc"},{id:"213239",title:"Dr.",name:"Haidong",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"haidong-zhang",fullName:"Haidong Zhang"}]},{id:"60683",title:"MPFEM Modeling on the Compaction of Al/SiC Composite Powders with Core/Shell Structure",slug:"mpfem-modeling-on-the-compaction-of-al-sic-composite-powders-with-core-shell-structure",totalDownloads:974,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:"Uniaxial die compaction of two-dimensional (2D) Al/SiC core/shell (core: SiC; shell: Al) composite powders with different initial packing structures was numerically reproduced using DEM-FEM coupled MPFEM modeling from particulate scale. The effects of external pressure, initial packing structure, and SiC content on the packing densification were systematically presented. Various macro and micro properties such as relative density and distribution, stress and distribution, particle rearrangement (e.g. sliding and rolling), deformation and mass transfer, and interfacial behavior within composite particles were characterized and analyzed. The results show that by properly controlling the initial packing structure, pressure, and SiC content, various anisotropic and isotropic Al/SiC particulate composites with high relative densities and uniform density/stress distributions can be obtained. At early stage of the compaction, the densification mechanism mainly lies in the particle rearrangement driven by the low interparticle forces. In addition to sliding, accompanied particle rolling also plays an important role. With the increase of the compaction pressure, the force network based on SiC cores leads to extrusion on Al shells between two cores, contributing to mass transfer and pore filling. During compaction, the debonding between the core and shell of each composite particle appears and then disappears gradually in the final compact.",book:{id:"6737",slug:"powder-technology",title:"Powder Technology",fullTitle:"Powder Technology"},signatures:"Xizhong An, Yu Liu, Fen Huang and Qian Jia",authors:[{id:"114055",title:"Prof.",name:"Xizhong",middleName:null,surname:"An",slug:"xizhong-an",fullName:"Xizhong An"},{id:"237739",title:"Mr.",name:"Yu",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",slug:"yu-liu",fullName:"Yu Liu"},{id:"237740",title:"Ms.",name:"Fen",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",slug:"fen-huang",fullName:"Fen Huang"},{id:"242885",title:"Ms.",name:"Qian",middleName:null,surname:"Jia",slug:"qian-jia",fullName:"Qian Jia"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"292",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[{id:"82676",title:"Electrospinning of Fiber Matrices from Polyhydroxybutyrate for the Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems",slug:"electrospinning-of-fiber-matrices-from-polyhydroxybutyrate-for-the-controlled-release-drug-delivery-",totalDownloads:12,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105786",abstract:"The submission provides an overview of current state of the problem and authors’ experimental data on manufacturing nonwoven fibrous matrices for the controlled release drug delivery systems (CRDDS). The choice of ultrathin fibers as effective carriers is determined by their characteristics and functional behavior, for example, such as a high specific surface area, anisotropy of some physicochemical characteristics, spatial limitations of segmental mobility that are inherent in nanosized objects, controlled biodegradation, and controlled diffusion transport. The structural-dynamic approach to the study of the morphology and diffusion properties of biopolymer fibers based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is considered from several angles. In the submission, the electrospinning (ES) application to reach specific characteristics of materials for controlled release drug delivery is discussed.",book:{id:"11127",title:"Electrospinning - Material Technology of the Future",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11127.jpg"},signatures:"Anatoly A. Olkhov, Svetlana G. Karpova, Anna V. Bychkova, Alexandre A. Vetcher and Alexey L. Iordanskii"},{id:"81249",title:"Electrospun Polymeric Substrates for Tissue Engineering: Viewpoints on Fabrication, Application, and Challenges",slug:"electrospun-polymeric-substrates-for-tissue-engineering-viewpoints-on-fabrication-application-and-ch",totalDownloads:8,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102596",abstract:"Electrospinning is the technique for producing nonwoven fibrous structures, to mimic the fabrication and function of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue. Prepared fibrous with this method can act as potential polymeric substrates for proliferation and differentiation of stem cells (with the cellular growth pattern similar to damaged tissue cells) and facilitation of artificial tissue remodeling. Moreover, such substrates can improve biological functions, and lead to a decrease in organ transplantation. In this chapter, we focus on the fundamental parameters and principles of the electrospinning technique to generate natural ECM-like substrates, in terms of structural and functional complexity. In the following, the application of these substrates in regenerating various tissues and the role of polymers (synthetic/natural) in the formation of such substrates is evaluated. Finally, challenges of this technique (such as cellular infiltration and inadequate mechanical strength) and solutions to overcome these limitations are studied.",book:{id:"11127",title:"Electrospinning - Material Technology of the Future",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11127.jpg"},signatures:"Azadeh Izadyari Aghmiuni, Arezoo Ghadi, Elmira Azmoun, Niloufar Kalantari, Iman Mohammadi and Hossein Hemati Kordmahaleh"},{id:"82145",title:"Slope Casting Process: A Review",slug:"slope-casting-process-a-review",totalDownloads:9,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102742",abstract:"Semi solid processing is a near net shape casting process and one of the promising techniques to obtain dendritic free structure of metals. Semi solid casting gives numerous advantages than solid processing and liquid processing. Semi solid casting process gives, Laminar flow filling of die without turbulence, Lower metal temperature, Less shrinkage, Less porosity, Higher mechanical properties. Semi solid casting process is industrially successful, producing a variety of products with good quality. Slope Casting process is a simple technique to produce semi solid feed-stoke with globular microstructure and dendrite free structure castings. Slope casting process depends on different process parameters like slope length, slope angle, pouring temperature etc. The present study mainly focuses on review of various explorations made by researchers with different process parameters of the Slope casting process and explain the mechanisms that lead to microstructural changes which leads to good mechanical properties.",book:{id:"11119",title:"Casting Processes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11119.jpg"},signatures:"Mukkollu Sambasiva Rao and Amitesh Kumar"},{id:"81611",title:"Biomass Electrospinning: Recycling Materials for Green Economy Applications",slug:"biomass-electrospinning-recycling-materials-for-green-economy-applications",totalDownloads:35,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.103096",abstract:"The development and advancement of electrospinning (ES) presents a unique material technology of the future achieved by fabricating novel nanofibrous materials with multifunctional physical (three-dimensional [3D] structure, nanoscalable sizes) and chemical characteristics (functional groups). Advancing the possibility of preparing various classes of novel organic and inorganic electrospun fiber composites with unique features such as polymer alloys, nanoparticles (NPs), active agents, and devices. This feature gives provision for internal access of the setup parameters such as polymer precursor material, polymer concentration, solvent, and the method of fiber collection that consequentially improves the intrinsic control of the construction mechanism of the final nanofibrous architecture. In synthetic electrospinning, the nanofibrous material processing allows for internal control of the electrospinning mechanism and foster chemical crosslinking to generate covalent connections between polymeric fibers. Comparing technologies according to materials of the future revealed that electrospinning supports the formation of micro-scale and in some cases nano-scale fibers while the formation of thin films is facilitated by the electrospraying system. Recent innovations point to various biomass waste streams that may be used as an alternative source of polymeric materials for application in electrospinning to produce materials for the future.",book:{id:"11127",title:"Electrospinning - Material Technology of the Future",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11127.jpg"},signatures:"Farai Dziike, Phylis Makurunje and Refilwe Matshitse"},{id:"81245",title:"Functional Nanofibers for Sensors",slug:"functional-nanofibers-for-sensors",totalDownloads:30,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102597",abstract:"Electrospun nanomaterials and their applications have increasingly gained interest over the last decade. Nanofibers are known for their exceptional surface area and wide opportunities for their functionalization. These properties have been attractive for various sensing applications; however, mostly electric sensing principles have been reported. An overview of most frequently studied concepts will be presented. A novel approach based on optical detection will be described. Various functionalized nanofiber materials have been used to demonstrate feasibility of realization of miniature sensors of biomedical and chemical values (enzymes reactions, metal ions content, concentration, etc.). Compactness and sensitivity of the sensors are significantly enhanced through original hybrid fiber-optic/nanofiber design. The potential of the new detection principle for various applications (bio-medical, chemical, forensic, automotive, etc.) will be discussed.",book:{id:"11127",title:"Electrospinning - Material Technology of the Future",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11127.jpg"},signatures:"Stanislav Petrík and Mayza Ibrahim"},{id:"80458",title:"Production of Nanofibers from Plant Extracts by Electrospinning Method",slug:"production-of-nanofibers-from-plant-extracts-by-electrospinning-method",totalDownloads:32,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102614",abstract:"The fact that different plants grow in each climate type, that each plant has different and many benefits, and that it can obtain bio-structured, sustainable, economic, and ecological products has increased the work of researchers in this field. The long-term toxicity and harmful side effects of herbal extracts are generally less compared to synthetic drugs. Studies on the production of nanofibrous membrane structures from plant extracts are relatively limited and are an emerging field. Herbal extracts have a positive effect in electrospinning applications with their biodiversity, ability to maintain biological functionality, and wound healing effects against pathogenic microorganisms. With the creation of nanofiber structures of plants obtained from natural sources, applications in fields such as wound healing, tissue engineering, drug release are increasing day by day.",book:{id:"11127",title:"Electrospinning - Material Technology of the Future",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11127.jpg"},signatures:"Nilşen Sünter Eroğlu"}],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:11},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:122,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:21,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",issn:"2633-1403",scope:"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing multidisciplinary research area that aims to solve increasingly complex problems. In today's highly integrated world, AI promises to become a robust and powerful means for obtaining solutions to previously unsolvable problems. This Series is intended for researchers and students alike interested in this fascinating field and its many applications.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/14.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"July 5th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:9,editor:{id:"218714",title:"Prof.",name:"Andries",middleName:null,surname:"Engelbrecht",slug:"andries-engelbrecht",fullName:"Andries Engelbrecht",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRNR8QAO/Profile_Picture_1622640468300",biography:"Andries Engelbrecht received the Masters and PhD degrees in Computer Science from the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, in 1994 and 1999 respectively. He is currently appointed as the Voigt Chair in Data Science in the Department of Industrial Engineering, with a joint appointment as Professor in the Computer Science Division, Stellenbosch University. Prior to his appointment at Stellenbosch University, he has been at the University of Pretoria, Department of Computer Science (1998-2018), where he was appointed as South Africa Research Chair in Artifical Intelligence (2007-2018), the head of the Department of Computer Science (2008-2017), and Director of the Institute for Big Data and Data Science (2017-2018). In addition to a number of research articles, he has written two books, Computational Intelligence: An Introduction and Fundamentals of Computational Swarm Intelligence.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Stellenbosch University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:6,paginationItems:[{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/22.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"27170",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos",middleName:"M.",surname:"Travieso-Gonzalez",slug:"carlos-travieso-gonzalez",fullName:"Carlos Travieso-Gonzalez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/27170/images/system/27170.jpeg",biography:"Carlos M. Travieso-González received his MSc degree in Telecommunication Engineering at Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain in 1997, and his Ph.D. degree in 2002 at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC-Spain). He is a full professor of signal processing and pattern recognition and is head of the Signals and Communications Department at ULPGC, teaching from 2001 on subjects on signal processing and learning theory. His research lines are biometrics, biomedical signals and images, data mining, classification system, signal and image processing, machine learning, and environmental intelligence. He has researched in 52 international and Spanish research projects, some of them as head researcher. He is co-author of 4 books, co-editor of 27 proceedings books, guest editor for 8 JCR-ISI international journals, and up to 24 book chapters. He has over 450 papers published in international journals and conferences (81 of them indexed on JCR – ISI - Web of Science). He has published seven patents in the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office. He has been a supervisor on 8 Ph.D. theses (11 more are under supervision), and 130 master theses. He is the founder of The IEEE IWOBI conference series and the president of its Steering Committee, as well as the founder of both the InnoEducaTIC and APPIS conference series. He is an evaluator of project proposals for the European Union (H2020), Medical Research Council (MRC, UK), Spanish Government (ANECA, Spain), Research National Agency (ANR, France), DAAD (Germany), Argentinian Government, and the Colombian Institutions. He has been a reviewer in different indexed international journals (<70) and conferences (<250) since 2001. He has been a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Image Processing from 2007 and a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems from 2011. \n\nHe has held the general chair position for the following: ACM-APPIS (2020, 2021), IEEE-IWOBI (2019, 2020 and 2020), A PPIS (2018, 2019), IEEE-IWOBI (2014, 2015, 2017, 2018), InnoEducaTIC (2014, 2017), IEEE-INES (2013), NoLISP (2011), JRBP (2012), and IEEE-ICCST (2005)\n\nHe is an associate editor of the Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Journal (Hindawi – Q2 JCR-ISI). He was vice dean from 2004 to 2010 in the Higher Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers at ULPGC and the vice dean of Graduate and Postgraduate Studies from March 2013 to November 2017. He won the “Catedra Telefonica” Awards in Modality of Knowledge Transfer, 2017, 2018, and 2019 editions, and awards in Modality of COVID Research in 2020.\n\nPublic References:\nResearcher ID http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-5967-2014\nORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-2768 \nScopus Author ID https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602376272\nScholar Google https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=G1ks9nIAAAAJ&hl=en \nResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carlos_Travieso",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/23.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"14004",title:"Dr.",name:"Magnus",middleName:null,surname:"Johnsson",slug:"magnus-johnsson",fullName:"Magnus Johnsson",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/14004/images/system/14004.png",biography:"Dr Magnus Johnsson is a cross-disciplinary scientist, lecturer, scientific editor and AI/machine learning consultant from Sweden. \n\nHe is currently at Malmö University in Sweden, but also held positions at Lund University in Sweden and at Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. \nHe holds editorial positions at several international scientific journals and has served as a scientific editor for books and special journal issues. \nHis research interests are wide and include, but are not limited to, autonomous systems, computer modeling, artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive robotics, cognitive architectures, cognitive aids and the philosophy of mind. \n\nDr. Johnsson has experience from working in the industry and he has a keen interest in the application of neural networks and artificial intelligence to fields like industry, finance, and medicine. \n\nWeb page: www.magnusjohnsson.se",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Malmö University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"294154",title:"Prof.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Papakostas",slug:"george-papakostas",fullName:"George Papakostas",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002hYaGbQAK/Profile_Picture_1624519712088",biography:"George A. Papakostas has received a diploma in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1999 and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2002 and 2007, respectively, from the Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Greece. Dr. Papakostas serves as a Tenured Full Professor at the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, Greece. Dr. Papakostas has 10 years of experience in large-scale systems design as a senior software engineer and technical manager, and 20 years of research experience in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Currently, he is the Head of the “Visual Computing” division of HUman-MAchines INteraction Laboratory (HUMAIN-Lab) and the Director of the MPhil program “Advanced Technologies in Informatics and Computers” hosted by the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University. He has (co)authored more than 150 publications in indexed journals, international conferences and book chapters, 1 book (in Greek), 3 edited books, and 5 journal special issues. His publications have more than 2100 citations with h-index 27 (GoogleScholar). His research interests include computer/machine vision, machine learning, pattern recognition, computational intelligence. \nDr. Papakostas served as a reviewer in numerous journals, as a program\ncommittee member in international conferences and he is a member of the IAENG, MIR Labs, EUCogIII, INSTICC and the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"International Hellenic University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"25",title:"Evolutionary Computation",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"136112",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Ventura Soto",slug:"sebastian-ventura-soto",fullName:"Sebastian Ventura Soto",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/136112/images/system/136112.png",biography:"Sebastian Ventura is a Spanish researcher, a full professor with the Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba. Dr Ventura also holds the positions of Affiliated Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, USA) and Distinguished Adjunct Professor at King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Additionally, he is deputy director of the Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI) and heads the Knowledge Discovery and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory. He has published more than ten books and over 300 articles in journals and scientific conferences. Currently, his work has received over 18,000 citations according to Google Scholar, including more than 2200 citations in 2020. In the last five years, he has published more than 60 papers in international journals indexed in the JCR (around 70% of them belonging to first quartile journals) and he has edited some Springer books “Supervised Descriptive Pattern Mining” (2018), “Multiple Instance Learning - Foundations and Algorithms” (2016), and “Pattern Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms” (2016). He has also been involved in more than 20 research projects supported by the Spanish and Andalusian governments and the European Union. He currently belongs to the editorial board of PeerJ Computer Science, Information Fusion and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence journals, being also associate editor of Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing and IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics. Finally, he is editor-in-chief of Progress in Artificial Intelligence. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE Computer, the IEEE Computational Intelligence, and the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Societies, and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Finally, his main research interests include data science, computational intelligence, and their applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Córdoba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/26.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"27",title:"Multi-Agent Systems",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/27.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"148497",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Emin",surname:"Aydin",slug:"mehmet-aydin",fullName:"Mehmet Aydin",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/148497/images/system/148497.jpg",biography:"Dr. Mehmet Emin Aydin is a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Computer Science and Creative Technology, the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. His research interests include swarm intelligence, parallel and distributed metaheuristics, machine learning, intelligent agents and multi-agent systems, resource planning, scheduling and optimization, combinatorial optimization. Dr. Aydin is currently a Fellow of Higher Education Academy, UK, a member of EPSRC College, a senior member of IEEE and a senior member of ACM. In addition to being a member of advisory committees of many international conferences, he is an Editorial Board Member of various peer-reviewed international journals. He has served as guest editor for a number of special issues of peer-reviewed international journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of the West of England",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:20,paginationItems:[{id:"82526",title:"Deep Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Methods Addressing the Scalability Challenge",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105627",signatures:"Theocharis Kravaris and George A. Vouros",slug:"deep-multiagent-reinforcement-learning-methods-addressing-the-scalability-challenge",totalDownloads:19,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Multi-Agent Technologies and Machine Learning",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11445.jpg",subseries:{id:"27",title:"Multi-Agent Systems"}}},{id:"82196",title:"Multi-Features Assisted Age Invariant Face Recognition and Retrieval Using CNN with Scale Invariant Heat Kernel Signature",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104944",signatures:"Kamarajugadda Kishore Kumar and Movva Pavani",slug:"multi-features-assisted-age-invariant-face-recognition-and-retrieval-using-cnn-with-scale-invariant-",totalDownloads:14,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"82063",title:"Evaluating Similarities and Differences between Machine Learning and Traditional Statistical Modeling in Healthcare Analytics",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105116",signatures:"Michele Bennett, Ewa J. Kleczyk, Karin Hayes and Rajesh Mehta",slug:"evaluating-similarities-and-differences-between-machine-learning-and-traditional-statistical-modelin",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining - Annual Volume 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11422.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81791",title:"Self-Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning in Computer Vision",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104785",signatures:"Yalin Bastanlar and Semih Orhan",slug:"self-supervised-contrastive-representation-learning-in-computer-vision",totalDownloads:59,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7723",title:"Artificial Intelligence",subtitle:"Applications in Medicine and Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7723.jpg",slug:"artificial-intelligence-applications-in-medicine-and-biology",publishedDate:"July 31st 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernandez",hash:"a3852659e727f95c98c740ed98146011",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Artificial Intelligence - Applications in Medicine and Biology",editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7726",title:"Swarm Intelligence",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7726.jpg",slug:"swarm-intelligence-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Javier Del Ser, Esther Villar and Eneko Osaba",hash:"e7ea7e74ce7a7a8e5359629e07c68d31",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",editors:[{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. 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He is the author or co-author of more than seventy papers in peer-reviewed journals and conferences as well as the co-author of several books. He serves as a reviewer for many scientific journals, international conferences, and research foundations. Since 2010, Dr. Placzek has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in the field of information technologies.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"35000",title:"Prof.",name:"Ulrich H.P",middleName:"H.P.",surname:"Fischer",slug:"ulrich-h.p-fischer",fullName:"Ulrich H.P Fischer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/35000/images/3052_n.jpg",biography:"Academic and Professional Background\nUlrich H. P. has Diploma and PhD degrees in Physics from the Free University Berlin, Germany. He has been working on research positions in the Heinrich-Hertz-Institute in Germany. Several international research projects has been performed with European partners from France, Netherlands, Norway and the UK. He is currently Professor of Communications Systems at the Harz University of Applied Sciences, Germany.\n\nPublications and Publishing\nHe has edited one book, a special interest book about ‘Optoelectronic Packaging’ (VDE, Berlin, Germany), and has published over 100 papers and is owner of several international patents for WDM over POF key elements.\n\nKey Research and Consulting Interests\nUlrich’s research activity has always been related to Spectroscopy and Optical Communications Technology. Specific current interests include the validation of complex instruments, and the application of VR technology to the development and testing of measurement systems. He has been reviewer for several publications of the Optical Society of America\\'s including Photonics Technology Letters and Applied Optics.\n\nPersonal Interests\nThese include motor cycling in a very relaxed manner and performing martial arts.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Charité",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"341622",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Rojas Alvarez",slug:"eduardo-rojas-alvarez",fullName:"Eduardo Rojas Alvarez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/341622/images/15892_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Cuenca",country:{name:"Ecuador"}}},{id:"215610",title:"Prof.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Sarfraz",slug:"muhammad-sarfraz",fullName:"Muhammad Sarfraz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/215610/images/system/215610.jpeg",biography:"Muhammad Sarfraz is a professor in the Department of Information Science, Kuwait University. His research interests include computer graphics, computer vision, image processing, machine learning, pattern recognition, soft computing, data science, intelligent systems, information technology, and information systems. Prof. Sarfraz has been a keynote/invited speaker on various platforms around the globe. He has advised various students for their MSc and Ph.D. theses. He has published more than 400 publications as books, journal articles, and conference papers. He is a member of various professional societies and a chair and member of the International Advisory Committees and Organizing Committees of various international conferences. Prof. Sarfraz is also an editor-in-chief and editor of various international journals.",institutionString:"Kuwait University",institution:{name:"Kuwait University",country:{name:"Kuwait"}}},{id:"32650",title:"Prof.",name:"Lukas",middleName:"Willem",surname:"Snyman",slug:"lukas-snyman",fullName:"Lukas Snyman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/32650/images/4136_n.jpg",biography:"Lukas Willem Snyman received his basic education at primary and high schools in South Africa, Eastern Cape. He enrolled at today's Nelson Metropolitan University and graduated from this university with a BSc in Physics and Mathematics, B.Sc Honors in Physics, MSc in Semiconductor Physics, and a Ph.D. in Semiconductor Physics in 1987. After his studies, he chose an academic career and devoted his energy to the teaching of physics to first, second, and third-year students. After positions as a lecturer at the University of Port Elizabeth, he accepted a position as Associate Professor at the University of Pretoria, South Africa.\r\n\r\nIn 1992, he motivates the concept of 'television and computer-based education” as means to reach large student numbers with only the best of teaching expertise and publishes an article on the concept in the SA Journal of Higher Education of 1993 (and later in 2003). The University of Pretoria subsequently approved a series of test projects on the concept with outreach to Mamelodi and Eerste Rust in 1993. In 1994, the University established a 'Unit for Telematic Education ' as a support section for multiple faculties at the University of Pretoria. In subsequent years, the concept of 'telematic education” subsequently becomes well established in academic circles in South Africa, grew in popularity, and is adopted by many universities and colleges throughout South Africa as a medium of enhancing education and training, as a method to reaching out to far out communities, and as a means to enhance study from the home environment.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman in subsequent years pursued research in semiconductor physics, semiconductor devices, microelectronics, and optoelectronics.\r\n\r\nIn 2000 he joined the TUT as a full professor. Here served for a period as head of the Department of Electronic Engineering. Here he makes contributions to solar energy development, microwave and optoelectronic device development, silicon photonics, as well as contributions to new mobile telecommunication systems and network planning in SA.\r\n\r\nCurrently, he teaches electronics and telecommunications at the TUT to audiences ranging from first-year students to Ph.D. level.\r\n\r\nFor his research in the field of 'Silicon Photonics” since 1990, he has published (as author and co-author) about thirty internationally reviewed articles in scientific journals, contributed to more than forty international conferences, about 25 South African provisional patents (as inventor and co-inventor), 8 PCT international patent applications until now. Of these, two USA patents applications, two European Patents, two Korean patents, and ten SA patents have been granted. A further 4 USA patents, 5 European patents, 3 Korean patents, 3 Chinese patents, and 3 Japanese patents are currently under consideration.\r\n\r\nRecently he has also published an extensive scholarly chapter in an internet open access book on 'Integrating Microphotonic Systems and MOEMS into standard Silicon CMOS Integrated circuitry”.\r\n\r\nFurthermore, Professor Snyman recently steered a new initiative at the TUT by introducing a 'Laboratory for Innovative Electronic Systems ' at the Department of Electrical Engineering. The model of this laboratory or center is to primarily combine outputs as achieved by high-level research with lower-level system development and entrepreneurship in a technical university environment. Students are allocated to projects at different levels with PhDs and Master students allocated to the generation of new knowledge and new technologies, while students at the diploma and Baccalaureus level are allocated to electronic systems development with a direct and a near application for application in industry or the commercial and public sectors in South Africa.\r\n\r\nProfessor Snyman received the WIRSAM Award of 1983 and the WIRSAM Award in 1985 in South Africa for best research papers by a young scientist at two international conferences on electron microscopy in South Africa. He subsequently received the SA Microelectronics Award for the best dissertation emanating from studies executed at a South African university in the field of Physics and Microelectronics in South Africa in 1987. In October of 2011, Professor Snyman received the prestigious Institutional Award for 'Innovator of the Year” for 2010 at the Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa. This award was based on the number of patents recognized and granted by local and international institutions as well as for his contributions concerning innovation at the TUT.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of South Africa",country:{name:"South Africa"}}},{id:"317279",title:"Mr.",name:"Ali",middleName:"Usama",surname:"Syed",slug:"ali-syed",fullName:"Ali Syed",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/317279/images/16024_n.png",biography:"A creative, talented, and innovative young professional who is dedicated, well organized, and capable research fellow with two years of experience in graduate-level research, published in engineering journals and book, with related expertise in Bio-robotics, equally passionate about the aesthetics of the mechanical and electronic system, obtained expertise in the use of MS Office, MATLAB, SolidWorks, LabVIEW, Proteus, Fusion 360, having a grasp on python, C++ and assembly language, possess proven ability in acquiring research grants, previous appointments with social and educational societies with experience in administration, current affiliations with IEEE and Web of Science, a confident presenter at conferences and teacher in classrooms, able to explain complex information to audiences of all levels.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Air University",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"75526",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Zihni Onur",middleName:null,surname:"Uygun",slug:"zihni-onur-uygun",fullName:"Zihni Onur Uygun",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/75526/images/12_n.jpg",biography:"My undergraduate education and my Master of Science educations at Ege University and at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University have given me a firm foundation in Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Biosensors, Bioelectronics, Physical Chemistry and Medicine. After obtaining my degree as a MSc in analytical chemistry, I started working as a research assistant in Ege University Medical Faculty in 2014. In parallel, I enrolled to the MSc program at the Department of Medical Biochemistry at Ege University to gain deeper knowledge on medical and biochemical sciences as well as clinical chemistry in 2014. In my PhD I deeply researched on biosensors and bioelectronics and finished in 2020. Now I have eleven SCI-Expanded Index published papers, 6 international book chapters, referee assignments for different SCIE journals, one international patent pending, several international awards, projects and bursaries. In parallel to my research assistant position at Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, in April 2016, I also founded a Start-Up Company (Denosens Biotechnology LTD) by the support of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. Currently, I am also working as a CEO in Denosens Biotechnology. The main purposes of the company, which carries out R&D as a research center, are to develop new generation biosensors and sensors for both point-of-care diagnostics; such as glucose, lactate, cholesterol and cancer biomarker detections. My specific experimental and instrumental skills are Biochemistry, Biosensor, Analytical Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Mobile phone based point-of-care diagnostic device, POCTs and Patient interface designs, HPLC, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Spectrophotometry, ELISA.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ege University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"267434",title:"Dr.",name:"Rohit",middleName:null,surname:"Raja",slug:"rohit-raja",fullName:"Rohit Raja",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/267434/images/system/267434.jpg",biography:"Dr. Rohit Raja received Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering from Dr. CVRAMAN University in 2016. His main research interest includes Face recognition and Identification, Digital Image Processing, Signal Processing, and Networking. Presently he is working as Associate Professor in IT Department, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (CG), India. He has authored several Journal and Conference Papers. He has good Academics & Research experience in various areas of CSE and IT. He has filed and successfully published 27 Patents. He has received many time invitations to be a Guest at IEEE Conferences. He has published 100 research papers in various International/National Journals (including IEEE, Springer, etc.) and Proceedings of the reputed International/ National Conferences (including Springer and IEEE). He has been nominated to the board of editors/reviewers of many peer-reviewed and refereed Journals (including IEEE, Springer).",institutionString:"Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya",institution:{name:"Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"246502",title:"Dr.",name:"Jaya T.",middleName:"T",surname:"Varkey",slug:"jaya-t.-varkey",fullName:"Jaya T. Varkey",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246502/images/11160_n.jpg",biography:"Jaya T. Varkey, PhD, graduated with a degree in Chemistry from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India. She obtained a PhD in Chemistry from the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India, and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of Minnesota, USA. She is a research guide at Mahatma Gandhi University and Associate Professor in Chemistry, St. Teresa’s College, Kochi, Kerala, India.\nDr. Varkey received a National Young Scientist award from the Indian Science Congress (1995), a UGC Research award (2016–2018), an Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Visiting Scientist award (2018–2019), and a Best Innovative Faculty award from the All India Association for Christian Higher Education (AIACHE) (2019). She Hashas received the Sr. Mary Cecil prize for best research paper three times. She was also awarded a start-up to develop a tea bag water filter. \nDr. Varkey has published two international books and twenty-seven international journal publications. She is an editorial board member for five international journals.",institutionString:"St. Teresa’s College",institution:null},{id:"250668",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Nabipour Chakoli",slug:"ali-nabipour-chakoli",fullName:"Ali Nabipour Chakoli",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/250668/images/system/250668.jpg",biography:"Academic Qualification:\r\n•\tPhD in Materials Physics and Chemistry, From: Sep. 2006, to: Sep. 2010, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Thesis: Structure and Shape Memory Effect of Functionalized MWCNTs/poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) Nanocomposites. Supervisor: Prof. Wei Cai,\r\n•\tM.Sc in Applied Physics, From: 1996, to: 1998, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Determination of Boron in Micro alloy Steels with solid state nuclear track detectors by neutron induced auto radiography, Supervisors: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi and Dr. A. Hosseini.\r\n•\tB.Sc. in Applied Physics, From: 1991, to: 1996, Faculty of Physics & Nuclear Science, Amirkabir Uni. of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Thesis: Design of shielding for Am-Be neutron sources for In Vivo neutron activation analysis, Supervisor: Dr. M. Hosseini Ashrafi.\r\n\r\nResearch Experiences:\r\n1.\tNanomaterials, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene: Synthesis, Functionalization and Characterization,\r\n2.\tMWCNTs/Polymer Composites: Fabrication and Characterization, \r\n3.\tShape Memory Polymers, Biodegradable Polymers, ORC, Collagen,\r\n4.\tMaterials Analysis and Characterizations: TEM, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, Raman, DSC, DMA, TGA, XRD, GPC, Fluoroscopy, \r\n5.\tInteraction of Radiation with Mater, Nuclear Safety and Security, NDT(RT),\r\n6.\tRadiation Detectors, Calibration (SSDL),\r\n7.\tCompleted IAEA e-learning Courses:\r\nNuclear Security (15 Modules),\r\nNuclear Safety:\r\nTSA 2: Regulatory Protection in Occupational Exposure,\r\nTips & Tricks: Radiation Protection in Radiography,\r\nSafety and Quality in Radiotherapy,\r\nCourse on Sealed Radioactive Sources,\r\nCourse on Fundamentals of Environmental Remediation,\r\nCourse on Planning for Environmental Remediation,\r\nKnowledge Management Orientation Course,\r\nFood Irradiation - Technology, Applications and Good Practices,\r\nEmployment:\r\nFrom 2010 to now: Academic staff, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Kargar Shomali, Tehran, Iran, P.O. Box: 14395-836.\r\nFrom 1997 to 2006: Expert of Materials Analysis and Characterization. Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine. Rajaeeshahr, Karaj, Iran, P. O. Box: 31585-498.",institutionString:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",institution:{name:"Atomic Energy Organization of Iran",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"248279",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",middleName:"Elzbieta",surname:"Machoy",slug:"monika-machoy",fullName:"Monika Machoy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248279/images/system/248279.jpeg",biography:"Monika Elżbieta Machoy, MD, graduated with distinction from the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the Pomeranian Medical University in 2009, defended her PhD thesis with summa cum laude in 2016 and is currently employed as a researcher at the Department of Orthodontics of the Pomeranian Medical University. She expanded her professional knowledge during a one-year scholarship program at the Ernst Moritz Arndt University in Greifswald, Germany and during a three-year internship at the Technical University in Dresden, Germany. She has been a speaker at numerous orthodontic conferences, among others, American Association of Orthodontics, European Orthodontic Symposium and numerous conferences of the Polish Orthodontic Society. She conducts research focusing on the effect of orthodontic treatment on dental and periodontal tissues and the causes of pain in orthodontic patients.",institutionString:"Pomeranian Medical University",institution:{name:"Pomeranian Medical University",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"252743",title:"Prof.",name:"Aswini",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kar",slug:"aswini-kar",fullName:"Aswini Kar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/252743/images/10381_n.jpg",biography:"uploaded in cv",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"KIIT University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"204256",title:"Dr.",name:"Anil",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Kumar Sahu",slug:"anil-kumar-sahu",fullName:"Anil Kumar Sahu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/204256/images/14201_n.jpg",biography:"I have nearly 11 years of research and teaching experience. I have done my master degree from University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh India. I have published 16 review and research articles in international and national journals and published 4 chapters in IntechOpen, the world’s leading publisher of Open access books. I have presented many papers at national and international conferences. I have received research award from Indian Drug Manufacturers Association in year 2015. My research interest extends from novel lymphatic drug delivery systems, oral delivery system for herbal bioactive to formulation optimization.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"253468",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariusz",middleName:null,surname:"Marzec",slug:"mariusz-marzec",fullName:"Mariusz Marzec",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/253468/images/system/253468.png",biography:"An assistant professor at Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, at Institute of Computer Science, Silesian University in Katowice. Scientific interests: computer analysis and processing of images, biomedical images, databases and programming languages. He is an author and co-author of scientific publications covering analysis and processing of biomedical images and development of database systems.",institutionString:"University of Silesia",institution:{name:"University of Silesia",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"212432",title:"Prof.",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Mohammadi",slug:"hadi-mohammadi",fullName:"Hadi Mohammadi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212432/images/system/212432.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Hadi Mohammadi is a biomedical engineer with hands-on experience in the design and development of many engineering structures and medical devices through various projects that he has been involved in over the past twenty years. Dr. Mohammadi received his BSc. and MSc. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, and his PhD. degree in Biomedical Engineering (biomaterials) from the University of Western Ontario. He was a postdoctoral trainee for almost four years at University of Calgary and Harvard Medical School. He is an industry innovator having created the technology to produce lifelike synthetic platforms that can be used for the simulation of almost all cardiovascular reconstructive surgeries. He’s been heavily involved in the design and development of cardiovascular devices and technology for the past 10 years. He is currently an Assistant Professor with the University of British Colombia, Canada.",institutionString:"University of British Columbia",institution:{name:"University of British Columbia",country:{name:"Canada"}}},{id:"254463",title:"Prof.",name:"Haisheng",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"haisheng-yang",fullName:"Haisheng Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/254463/images/system/254463.jpeg",biography:"Haisheng Yang, Ph.D., Professor and Director of the Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology. He received his Ph.D. degree in Mechanics/Biomechanics from Harbin Institute of Technology (jointly with University of California, Berkeley). Afterwards, he worked as a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Purdue Musculoskeletal Biology and Mechanics Lab at the Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, USA. He also conducted research in the Research Centre of Shriners Hospitals for Children-Canada at McGill University, Canada. Dr. Yang has over 10 years research experience in orthopaedic biomechanics and mechanobiology of bone adaptation and regeneration. He earned an award from Beijing Overseas Talents Aggregation program in 2017 and serves as Beijing Distinguished Professor.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Beijing University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"89721",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Cuneyt",surname:"Ozmen",slug:"mehmet-ozmen",fullName:"Mehmet Ozmen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89721/images/7289_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Gazi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"265335",title:"Mr.",name:"Stefan",middleName:"Radnev",surname:"Stefanov",slug:"stefan-stefanov",fullName:"Stefan Stefanov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/265335/images/7562_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Medical University Plovdiv",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"242893",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Joaquim",middleName:null,surname:"De Moura",slug:"joaquim-de-moura",fullName:"Joaquim De Moura",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/242893/images/7133_n.jpg",biography:"Joaquim de Moura received his degree in Computer Engineering in 2014 from the University of A Coruña (Spain). In 2016, he received his M.Sc degree in Computer Engineering from the same university. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D degree in Computer Science in a collaborative project between ophthalmology centers in Galicia and the University of A Coruña. His research interests include computer vision, machine learning algorithms and analysis and medical imaging processing of various kinds.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of A Coruña",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"294334",title:"B.Sc.",name:"Marc",middleName:null,surname:"Bruggeman",slug:"marc-bruggeman",fullName:"Marc Bruggeman",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/294334/images/8242_n.jpg",biography:"Chemical engineer graduate, with a passion for material science and specific interest in polymers - their near infinite applications intrigue me. \n\nI plan to continue my scientific career in the field of polymeric biomaterials as I am fascinated by intelligent, bioactive and biomimetic materials for use in both consumer and medical applications.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"255757",title:"Dr.",name:"Igor",middleName:"Victorovich",surname:"Lakhno",slug:"igor-lakhno",fullName:"Igor Lakhno",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/255757/images/system/255757.jpg",biography:"Igor Victorovich Lakhno was born in 1971 in Kharkiv (Ukraine). \nMD – 1994, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nOb&Gyn; – 1997, master courses in Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education.\nPh.D. – 1999, Kharkiv National Medical Univesity.\nDSC – 2019, PL Shupik National Academy of Postgraduate Education \nProfessor – 2021, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of VN Karazin Kharkiv National University\nHead of Department – 2021, Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and gynecology of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education\nIgor Lakhno has been graduated from international training courses on reproductive medicine and family planning held at Debrecen University (Hungary) in 1997. Since 1998 Lakhno Igor has worked as an associate professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and an associate professor of the perinatology, obstetrics, and gynecology department of Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education. Since June 2019 he’s been a professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of VN Karazin National University and a professor of the perinatology, obstetrics, and gynecology department. He’s affiliated with Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education as a Head of Department from November 2021. Igor Lakhno has participated in several international projects on fetal non-invasive electrocardiography (with Dr. J. A. Behar (Technion), Prof. D. Hoyer (Jena University), and José Alejandro Díaz Méndez (National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics, and Electronics, Mexico). He’s an author of about 200 printed works and there are 31 of them in Scopus or Web of Science databases. Igor Lakhno is a member of the Editorial Board of Reproductive Health of Woman, Emergency Medicine, and Technology Transfer Innovative Solutions in Medicine (Estonia). He is a medical Editor of “Z turbotoyu pro zhinku”. Igor Lakhno is a reviewer of the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Taylor and Francis), British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Wiley), Informatics in Medicine Unlocked (Elsevier), The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research (Wiley), Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Bentham Open), The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal (Bentham Open), etc. He’s defended a dissertation for a DSc degree “Pre-eclampsia: prediction, prevention, and treatment”. Three years ago Igor Lakhno has participated in a training course on innovative technologies in medical education at Lublin Medical University (Poland). Lakhno Igor has participated as a speaker in several international conferences and congresses (International Conference on Biological Oscillations April 10th-14th 2016, Lancaster, UK, The 9th conference of the European Study Group on Cardiovascular Oscillations). His main scientific interests: are obstetrics, women’s health, fetal medicine, and cardiovascular medicine. \nIgor Lakhno is a consultant at Kharkiv municipal perinatal center. He’s graduated from training courses on endoscopy in gynecology. He has 28 years of practical experience in the field.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"244950",title:"Dr.",name:"Salvatore",middleName:null,surname:"Di Lauro",slug:"salvatore-di-lauro",fullName:"Salvatore Di Lauro",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0030O00002bSF1HQAW/ProfilePicture%202021-12-20%2014%3A54%3A14.482",biography:"Name:\n\tSALVATORE DI LAURO\nAddress:\n\tHospital Clínico Universitario Valladolid\nAvda Ramón y Cajal 3\n47005, Valladolid\nSpain\nPhone number: \nFax\nE-mail:\n\t+34 983420000 ext 292\n+34 983420084\nsadilauro@live.it\nDate and place of Birth:\nID Number\nMedical Licence \nLanguages\t09-05-1985. Villaricca (Italy)\n\nY1281863H\n474707061\nItalian (native language)\nSpanish (read, written, spoken)\nEnglish (read, written, spoken)\nPortuguese (read, spoken)\nFrench (read)\n\t\t\nCurrent position (title and company)\tDate (Year)\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. Private practise.\t2017-today\n\n2019-today\n\t\n\t\nEducation (High school, university and postgraduate training > 3 months)\tDate (Year)\nDegree in Medicine and Surgery. University of Neaples 'Federico II”\nResident in Opthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid\nMaster in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nFellow of the European Board of Ophthalmology. Paris\nMaster in Research in Ophthalmology. University of Valladolid\t2003-2009\n2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2016\n2012-2013\n\t\nEmployments (company and positions)\tDate (Year)\nResident in Ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl.\nFellow in Vitreo-Retina. IOBA. University of Valladolid\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Hospital Clinico Universitario Valladolid. Sacyl. National Health System.\nVitreo-Retinal consultant in ophthalmology. Instituto Oftalmologico Recoletas. Red Hospitalaria Recoletas. \n\t2012-2016\n2016-2017\n2017-today\n\n2019-Today\n\n\n\t\nClinical Research Experience (tasks and role)\tDate (Year)\nAssociated investigator\n\n' FIS PI20/00740: DESARROLLO DE UNA CALCULADORA DE RIESGO DE\nAPARICION DE RETINOPATIA DIABETICA BASADA EN TECNICAS DE IMAGEN MULTIMODAL EN PACIENTES DIABETICOS TIPO 1. Grant by: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion \n\n' (BIO/VA23/14) Estudio clínico multicéntrico y prospectivo para validar dos\nbiomarcadores ubicados en los genes p53 y MDM2 en la predicción de los resultados funcionales de la cirugía del desprendimiento de retina regmatógeno. Grant by: Gerencia Regional de Salud de la Junta de Castilla y León.\n' Estudio multicéntrico, aleatorizado, con enmascaramiento doble, en 2 grupos\nparalelos y de 52 semanas de duración para comparar la eficacia, seguridad e inmunogenicidad de SOK583A1 respecto a Eylea® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad' (CSOK583A12301; N.EUDRA: 2019-004838-41; FASE III). Grant by Hexal AG\n\n' Estudio de fase III, aleatorizado, doble ciego, con grupos paralelos, multicéntrico para comparar la eficacia y la seguridad de QL1205 frente a Lucentis® en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. (EUDRACT: 2018-004486-13). Grant by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co\n\n' Estudio NEUTON: Ensayo clinico en fase IV para evaluar la eficacia de aflibercept en pacientes Naive con Edema MacUlar secundario a Oclusion de Vena CenTral de la Retina (OVCR) en regimen de tratamientO iNdividualizado Treat and Extend (TAE)”, (2014-000975-21). Grant by Fundacion Retinaplus\n\n' Evaluación de la seguridad y bioactividad de anillos de tensión capsular en conejo. Proyecto Procusens. Grant by AJL, S.A.\n\n'Estudio epidemiológico, prospectivo, multicéntrico y abierto\\npara valorar la frecuencia de la conjuntivitis adenovírica diagnosticada mediante el test AdenoPlus®\\nTest en pacientes enfermos de conjuntivitis aguda”\\n. National, multicenter study. Grant by: NICOX.\n\nEuropean multicentric trial: 'Evaluation of clinical outcomes following the use of Systane Hydration in patients with dry eye”. Study Phase 4. Grant by: Alcon Labs'\n\nVLPs Injection and Activation in a Rabbit Model of Uveal Melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nUpdating and characterization of a rabbit model of uveal melanoma. Grant by Aura Bioscience\n\nEnsayo clínico en fase IV para evaluar las variantes genéticas de la vía del VEGF como biomarcadores de eficacia del tratamiento con aflibercept en pacientes con degeneración macular asociada a la edad (DMAE) neovascular. Estudio BIOIMAGE. IMO-AFLI-2013-01\n\nEstudio In-Eye:Ensayo clínico en fase IV, abierto, aleatorizado, de 2 brazos,\nmulticçentrico y de 12 meses de duración, para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de un régimen de PRN flexible individualizado de 'esperar y extender' versus un régimen PRN según criterios de estabilización mediante evaluaciones mensuales de inyecciones intravítreas de ranibizumab 0,5 mg en pacientes naive con neovascularización coriodea secunaria a la degeneración macular relacionada con la edad. CP: CRFB002AES03T\n\nTREND: Estudio Fase IIIb multicéntrico, randomizado, de 12 meses de\nseguimiento con evaluador de la agudeza visual enmascarado, para evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de ranibizumab 0.5mg en un régimen de tratar y extender comparado con un régimen mensual, en pacientes con degeneración macular neovascular asociada a la edad. CP: CRFB002A2411 Código Eudra CT:\n2013-002626-23\n\n\n\nPublications\t\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n\n2021\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2015-16\n\n\n\n2015\n\n\n2014\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2014\n\nJose Carlos Pastor; Jimena Rojas; Salvador Pastor-Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Lucia Gonzalez-Buendia; Santiago Delgado-Tirado. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A new concept of disease pathogenesis and practical\nconsequences. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 51, pp. 125 - 155. 03/2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.07.005\n\n\nLabrador-Velandia S; Alonso-Alonso ML; Di Lauro S; García-Gutierrez MT; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Mesenchymal stem cells provide paracrine neuroprotective resources that delay degeneration of co-cultured organotypic neuroretinal cultures.Experimental Eye Research. 185, 17/05/2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.05.011\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Maria Teresa Garcia Gutierrez; Ivan Fernandez Bueno. Quantification of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in an ex vivo coculture of retinal pigment epithelium cells and neuroretina.\nJournal of Allbiosolution. 2019. ISSN 2605-3535\n\nSonia Labrador Velandia; Salvatore Di Lauro; Alonso-Alonso ML; Tabera Bartolomé S; Srivastava GK; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I. Biocompatibility of intravitreal injection of human mesenchymal stem cells in immunocompetent rabbits. Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. 256 - 1, pp. 125 - 134. 01/2018. DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3842-3\n\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro, David Rodriguez-Crespo, Manuel J Gayoso, Maria T Garcia-Gutierrez, J Carlos Pastor, Girish K Srivastava, Ivan Fernandez-Bueno. A novel coculture model of porcine central neuroretina explants and retinal pigment epithelium cells. Molecular Vision. 2016 - 22, pp. 243 - 253. 01/2016.\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro. Classifications for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy ({PVR}): An Analysis of Their Use in Publications over the Last 15 Years. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016, pp. 1 - 6. 01/2016. DOI: 10.1155/2016/7807596\n\nSalvatore Di Lauro; Rosa Maria Coco; Rosa Maria Sanabria; Enrique Rodriguez de la Rua; Jose Carlos Pastor. Loss of Visual Acuity after Successful Surgery for Macula-On Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in a Prospective Multicentre Study. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:821864, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/821864\n\nIvan Fernandez-Bueno; Salvatore Di Lauro; Ivan Alvarez; Jose Carlos Lopez; Maria Teresa Garcia-Gutierrez; Itziar Fernandez; Eva Larra; Jose Carlos Pastor. Safety and Biocompatibility of a New High-Density Polyethylene-Based\nSpherical Integrated Porous Orbital Implant: An Experimental Study in Rabbits. Journal of Ophthalmology. 2015:904096, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/904096\n\nPastor JC; Pastor-Idoate S; Rodríguez-Hernandez I; Rojas J; Fernandez I; Gonzalez-Buendia L; Di Lauro S; Gonzalez-Sarmiento R. Genetics of PVR and RD. Ophthalmologica. 232 - Suppl 1, pp. 28 - 29. 2014\n\nRodriguez-Crespo D; Di Lauro S; Singh AK; Garcia-Gutierrez MT; Garrosa M; Pastor JC; Fernandez-Bueno I; Srivastava GK. Triple-layered mixed co-culture model of RPE cells with neuroretina for evaluating the neuroprotective effects of adipose-MSCs. Cell Tissue Res. 358 - 3, pp. 705 - 716. 2014.\nDOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1987-5\n\nCarlo De Werra; Salvatore Condurro; Salvatore Tramontano; Mario Perone; Ivana Donzelli; Salvatore Di Lauro; Massimo Di Giuseppe; Rosa Di Micco; Annalisa Pascariello; Antonio Pastore; Giorgio Diamantis; Giuseppe Galloro. Hydatid disease of the liver: thirty years of surgical experience.Chirurgia italiana. 59 - 5, pp. 611 - 636.\n(Italia): 2007. ISSN 0009-4773\n\nChapters in books\n\t\n' Salvador Pastor Idoate; Salvatore Di Lauro; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. PVR: Pathogenesis, Histopathology and Classification. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy with Small Gauge Vitrectomy. Springer, 2018. ISBN 978-3-319-78445-8\nDOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78446-5_2. \n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Maria Isabel Lopez Galvez. Quistes vítreos en una mujer joven. Problemas diagnósticos en patología retinocoroidea. Sociedad Española de Retina-Vitreo. 2018.\n\n' Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor Jimeno. iOCT in PVR management. OCT Applications in Opthalmology. pp. 1 - 8. INTECH, 2018. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.78774.\n\n' Rosa Coco Martin; Salvatore Di Lauro; Salvador Pastor Idoate; Jose Carlos Pastor. amponadores, manipuladores y tinciones en la cirugía del traumatismo ocular.Trauma Ocular. Ponencia de la SEO 2018..\n\n' LOPEZ GALVEZ; DI LAURO; CRESPO. OCT angiografia y complicaciones retinianas de la diabetes. PONENCIA SEO 2021, CAPITULO 20. (España): 2021.\n\n' Múltiples desprendimientos neurosensoriales bilaterales en paciente joven. Enfermedades Degenerativas De Retina Y Coroides. SERV 04/2016. \n' González-Buendía L; Di Lauro S; Pastor-Idoate S; Pastor Jimeno JC. Vitreorretinopatía proliferante (VRP) e inflamación: LA INFLAMACIÓN in «INMUNOMODULADORES Y ANTIINFLAMATORIOS: MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS CORTICOIDES. RELACION DE PONENCIAS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA. 10/2014.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"243698",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaogang",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"xiaogang-wang",fullName:"Xiaogang Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/243698/images/system/243698.png",biography:"Dr. Xiaogang Wang, a faculty member of Shanxi Eye Hospital specializing in the treatment of cataract and retinal disease and a tutor for postgraduate students of Shanxi Medical University, worked in the COOL Lab as an international visiting scholar under the supervision of Dr. David Huang and Yali Jia from October 2012 through November 2013. Dr. Wang earned an MD from Shanxi Medical University and a Ph.D. from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Dr. Wang was awarded two research project grants focused on multimodal optical coherence tomography imaging and deep learning in cataract and retinal disease, from the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He has published around 30 peer-reviewed journal papers and four book chapters and co-edited one book.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"7227",title:"Dr.",name:"Hiroaki",middleName:null,surname:"Matsui",slug:"hiroaki-matsui",fullName:"Hiroaki Matsui",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Tokyo",country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"312999",title:"Dr.",name:"Bernard O.",middleName:null,surname:"Asimeng",slug:"bernard-o.-asimeng",fullName:"Bernard O. Asimeng",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ghana",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"318905",title:"Prof.",name:"Elvis",middleName:"Kwason",surname:"Tiburu",slug:"elvis-tiburu",fullName:"Elvis Tiburu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Ghana",country:{name:"Ghana"}}},{id:"336193",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdullah",middleName:null,surname:"Alamoudi",slug:"abdullah-alamoudi",fullName:"Abdullah Alamoudi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Majmaah University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"318657",title:"MSc.",name:"Isabell",middleName:null,surname:"Steuding",slug:"isabell-steuding",fullName:"Isabell Steuding",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Harz University of Applied Sciences",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"318656",title:"BSc.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Kußmann",slug:"peter-kussmann",fullName:"Peter Kußmann",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Harz University of Applied Sciences",country:{name:"Germany"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"25",type:"subseries",title:"Evolutionary Computation",keywords:"Genetic Algorithms, Genetic Programming, Evolutionary Programming, Evolution Strategies, Hybrid Algorithms, Bioinspired Metaheuristics, Ant Colony Optimization, Evolutionary Learning, Hyperparameter Optimization",scope:"Evolutionary computing is a paradigm that has grown dramatically in recent years. This group of bio-inspired metaheuristics solves multiple optimization problems by applying the metaphor of natural selection. It so far has solved problems such as resource allocation, routing, schedule planning, and engineering design. Moreover, in the field of machine learning, evolutionary computation has carved out a significant niche both in the generation of learning models and in the automatic design and optimization of hyperparameters in deep learning models. This collection aims to include quality volumes on various topics related to evolutionary algorithms and, alternatively, other metaheuristics of interest inspired by nature. For example, some of the issues of interest could be the following: Advances in evolutionary computation (Genetic algorithms, Genetic programming, Bio-inspired metaheuristics, Hybrid metaheuristics, Parallel ECs); Applications of evolutionary algorithms (Machine learning and Data Mining with EAs, Search-Based Software Engineering, Scheduling, and Planning Applications, Smart Transport Applications, Applications to Games, Image Analysis, Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition, Applications to Sustainability).",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!1,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11421,editor:{id:"136112",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Ventura Soto",slug:"sebastian-ventura-soto",fullName:"Sebastian Ventura Soto",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/136112/images/system/136112.png",biography:"Sebastian Ventura is a Spanish researcher, a full professor with the Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba. Dr Ventura also holds the positions of Affiliated Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, USA) and Distinguished Adjunct Professor at King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Additionally, he is deputy director of the Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI) and heads the Knowledge Discovery and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory. He has published more than ten books and over 300 articles in journals and scientific conferences. Currently, his work has received over 18,000 citations according to Google Scholar, including more than 2200 citations in 2020. In the last five years, he has published more than 60 papers in international journals indexed in the JCR (around 70% of them belonging to first quartile journals) and he has edited some Springer books “Supervised Descriptive Pattern Mining” (2018), “Multiple Instance Learning - Foundations and Algorithms” (2016), and “Pattern Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms” (2016). He has also been involved in more than 20 research projects supported by the Spanish and Andalusian governments and the European Union. He currently belongs to the editorial board of PeerJ Computer Science, Information Fusion and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence journals, being also associate editor of Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing and IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics. Finally, he is editor-in-chief of Progress in Artificial Intelligence. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE Computer, the IEEE Computational Intelligence, and the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Societies, and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Finally, his main research interests include data science, computational intelligence, and their applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Córdoba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",issn:"2633-1403"},editorialBoard:[{id:"111683",title:"Prof.",name:"Elmer P.",middleName:"P.",surname:"Dadios",slug:"elmer-p.-dadios",fullName:"Elmer P. 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