Subject Index

Adenosine triphosphosphate (ATP),
Adenosine cyclic 3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate, (cAMP),
ATP transformation into ADP
	under physiological circumstances,
	under different pathological conditions,
	human gastric basal acid out,
	human gastric maximal acid output,
	human gastric antral ulcer,
	human duodenal ulcer,
	human jejunal ulcer,
	gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats,
	under different drug actions,
ATP transformation into cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-AMP
	under physiological circumstances,
	under different pathological conditions,
	human gastric basal acid out,
	human gastric maximal acid output,
	gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats,
	gastric ulcer in pylorus-ligated rats,
	epinephrine ulcer model,
	stress ulcer model,
Aspirin-induced mucosal damage
	Gastric H^+ secretion,
	Gastric mucosal biochemistry
		During ulcer development
		During gastric mucosal protection produced by atropine
		During gastric mucosal protection by vitamin A and β-carotene
Indomethacin ulcer model
	Biochemical backgrounds
	Cellular mechanisms,
		During gastric ulcer development,
		During gastric mucosal protection
			by atropine,
			by cimetidine,
			β-carotene,
			by vitamin A,
		Gastric mucosal cAMP vs gastric mucosal damage,
		Gastric mucosal cAMP vs, gastric mucosal protection,
		Prostaglandin system vs gastric mucosal protection by β-carotene,
Reserpine ulcer model
NaOH, NaCl, HCl and ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage
	Time-sequence between the mucosal damage vs. introduction of chemical agents,
	Biochemical mechanisms vs. mucosal damage,
	Acid-dependent ulcer model vs. gastric mucosal biochemistry,
	Non- acid-dependent ulcer model vs. mucosal biochemistry,
	Gastric mucosal protection by PGI2
	Gastric mucosal protection by β-carotene
	Gastric mucosal damage vs. oxygen free radicals
	Gastric mucosal protection vs. oxygen free radicals,
Evidence-based medicine
Problem-orientated medice,
Human clinical pharmacology,
	Acute comparative clinical pharmacology in patients,
	Chronic atropine treatment in patients with duodenal ulcer
		Development of tolerance to atropine
		Development of drug tolerance to parasympatholytics,
		Pharmacological denervation phenomenon,
Cytoprotection
	In patients with duodenal ulcer,
	In patients with gastric ulcer,
	In experimental circumstances,
		Prostaglandins,
		Retinoids,
		Small doses of atropine, cimetidine,
		Biochemical mechanisms of cytoprotection,
Gastrointestinal mucosal biochemistry in patients,
	In gastric fundic mucosa with different gastric secretory responses,
	Biochemical and energetic gradients in mucosa of fundus vs. antrum vs. jejunum,
	Cholinergic ragulation of ATP-ADP transformation in the human gastric tissues
		Biochemistry of chronic ulcer in patients
			gastric antral ulcer,
			duodenal ulcer
			jenunal ulcer,
			exclusion of tissue hypoxia in the ulcerated mucosa,
			ATP-membrane ATPase- ADP system.
First and second messenger systems
	Feedback mechanisms between Na^+-K^+-dependent ATPase and adenylate; cyclase systems in intact gastrointestinal mucosal tissues
		In vitro observations
		In vivo observations
	Under development of mucosal damage in different animal models
Drug action on dependence of the funtional states of target organs
	Na^+-K^+-dependent ATPase vs. activity of membrane ATPase,
	Changes in the feedback regulations of cellular energy systems,
Cellular energy systems
„energy charge”[(ATP+0.5 ADP)/(ATP+ADP+AMP)]
Na^+-K^+-dependent (transport) energy system
	Short review,
	In the gastrointestinal mucosa
		Gastric basal acid ouput in humans
		Gastric maximanl acid ouput in humans
H^+-K^+-dependent ATPase
	Short review
Adenylate cyclase system
	Short review,
Isolated gastric mucosal cells (GMCs)
		Ethanol,
		Indomethacin,
		Helicobacter pylori
		Cellular damage at the levels of cell membrane mitochondion, DNA
Stable cell lines
	Mouse cell myeloma cell line (Sp2/0-Ag14 cell line),
	Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line ( Hep G2),
„surgical” and „ chemical „ vagotomy
	Gastric acid secretion,
	Gastric mucosal protection,
		Biochemistry in the gastric mucosal biochemistry,
Biochemistry of „use” and „disuse” in the rat gastric mucosa,
Chronic atropine treatment
	In patients with chronic duodenal ulcer
	In rats
Chronic treatment of rats with Neostigmine (choline)