\\n\\n
These books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\\n\\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\\n\\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched formed a partnership to support researchers working in engineering sciences by enabling an easier approach to publishing Open Access content. Using the Knowledge Unlatched crowdfunding model to raise the publishing costs through libraries around the world, Open Access Publishing Fee (OAPF) was not required from the authors.
\n\nInitially, the partnership supported engineering research, but it soon grew to include physical and life sciences, attracting more researchers to the advantages of Open Access publishing.
\n\n\n\nThese books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\n\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\n\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
\n\n\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-supports-asapbio-s-new-initiative-publish-your-reviews-20220729",title:"IntechOpen Supports ASAPbio’s New Initiative Publish Your Reviews"},{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"1606",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Acoustic Emission",title:"Acoustic Emission",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"Acoustic emission (AE) is one of the most important non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for materials, constructions and machines. Acoustic emission is defined as the transient elastic energy that is spontaneously released when materials undergo deformation, fracture, or both. This interdisciplinary book consists of 17 chapters, which widely discuss the most important applications of AE method as machinery and civil structures condition assessment, fatigue and fracture materials research, detection of material defects and deformations, diagnostics of cutting tools and machine cutting process, monitoring of stress and ageing in materials, research, chemical reactions and phase transitions research, and earthquake prediction.",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0056-0",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-6128-8",doi:"10.5772/2070",price:139,priceEur:155,priceUsd:179,slug:"acoustic-emission",numberOfPages:410,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"cc8b94f6002f9f928cb9224f7da17a0a",bookSignature:"Wojciech Sikorski",publishedDate:"March 2nd 2012",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1606.jpg",numberOfDownloads:57008,numberOfWosCitations:73,numberOfCrossrefCitations:42,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:5,numberOfDimensionsCitations:91,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:5,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:206,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"March 28th 2011",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"April 25th 2011",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 30th 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"September 29th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"January 27th 2012",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"86930",title:"Dr.",name:"Wojciech",middleName:null,surname:"Sikorski",slug:"wojciech-sikorski",fullName:"Wojciech Sikorski",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/86930/images/811_n.jpg",biography:"Wojciech Sikorski was born in Poland in 1977. In 2001 he graduated from the Electrical Faculty in the Poznan University of Technology with the M.Sc. degree in high voltage engineering and in 2005 with the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering. He worked as a visiting researcher at the University of Stuttgart, Germany (2003), University of Manitoba (postdoctoral fellowship), Winnipeg, Canada (2007) and CG Power Systems Canada Inc. (2007). He participated in a few international and national research projects supported by the European Union and Polish Government. He published over 50 papers in journals and international conferences, mainly on measurement, diagnostics and on-line monitoring of power transformers with the use of acoustic emission (AE) method. He also carried out a number of technical expertise for electric power industry in the field of AE. Currently he specializes in development of AE signal source localization techniques. He is an active member of the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers and Polish Society for Theoretical and Applied Electrical Engineering.",institutionString:null,position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Poznań University of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"810",title:"Acoustical Engineering",slug:"mechanical-engineering-acoustical-engineering"}],chapters:[{id:"29801",title:"Acoustic Emission for Civil Structures",doi:"10.5772/32652",slug:"acoustic-emission-for-civil-structures",totalDownloads:4106,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:8,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Paul Ziehl and Adrian Pollock",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29801",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29801",authors:[{id:"92252",title:"Dr.",name:"Paul",surname:"Ziehl",slug:"paul-ziehl",fullName:"Paul Ziehl"},{id:"92716",title:"Dr.",name:"Adrian",surname:"Pollock",slug:"adrian-pollock",fullName:"Adrian Pollock"}],corrections:null},{id:"29802",title:"Exploring Plastic Deformation of Metallic Materials by the Acoustic Emission Technique",doi:"10.5772/31660",slug:"exploring-plastic-deformation-of-metallic-materials-by-the-acoustic-emission-technique",totalDownloads:3209,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:21,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Kristián Máthis and František Chmelík",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29802",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29802",authors:[{id:"16513",title:"Dr.",name:"František",surname:"Chmelik",slug:"frantisek-chmelik",fullName:"František Chmelik"},{id:"88156",title:"Dr.",name:"Kristián",surname:"Máthis",slug:"kristian-mathis",fullName:"Kristián Máthis"}],corrections:null},{id:"29803",title:"Detection, Recognition and Location of Partial Discharge Sources Using Acoustic Emission Method",doi:"10.5772/31394",slug:"detection-recognition-and-location-of-partial-discharge-sources-using-acoustic-emission-method",totalDownloads:8723,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:16,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Wojciech Sikorski and Waldemar Ziomek",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29803",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29803",authors:[{id:"86930",title:"Dr.",name:"Wojciech",surname:"Sikorski",slug:"wojciech-sikorski",fullName:"Wojciech Sikorski"}],corrections:null},{id:"29804",title:"Identifying and Monitoring Evolving AE Sources",doi:"10.5772/31398",slug:"identifying-and-monitoring-evolving-ae-sources",totalDownloads:2342,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Rúnar Unnþórsson",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29804",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29804",authors:[{id:"86966",title:"Dr.",name:"Runar",surname:"Unnthorsson",slug:"runar-unnthorsson",fullName:"Runar Unnthorsson"}],corrections:null},{id:"29805",title:"Advanced AE Technology for High-Power Microwave Radar Tubes",doi:"10.5772/33425",slug:"advanced-ae-technology-for-high-power-microwave-radar-tubes",totalDownloads:3788,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Narayan R. 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\r\n\tIn mathematics, operator theory is the study of linear operators on function spaces, beginning with differential operators and integral operators. The operators may be presented abstractly by their characteristics, such as bounded linear operators or closed operators and consideration may be given to nonlinear operators. The study, which depends heavily on the topology of function spaces, is a branch of functional analysis. If a collection of operators forms an algebra over a field, then it is an operator algebra. The description of operator algebras is part of operator theory. Single operator theory deals with the properties and classification of operators, considered one at a time. For example, the classification of normal operators in terms of their spectra falls into this category.
\r\n\r\n\tThe theory of operator algebras brings algebras of operators such as C*-algebras to the fore. Many operators that are studied are operators on Hilbert spaces of holomorphic functions, and the study of the operator is intimately linked to questions in function theory. For example, Beurling's theorem describes the invariant subspaces of the unilateral shift in terms of inner functions, which are bounded holomorphic functions on the unit disk with unimodular boundary values almost everywhere on the circle. Beurling interpreted the unilateral shift as multiplication by the independent variable on the Hardy space. The success in studying multiplication operators, and more generally Toeplitz operators (which are multiplication, followed by projection onto the Hardy space) has inspired the study of similar questions in other spaces, such as the Bergman space. Hence, operator theory has a connection with complex analysis. Additionally, this book will be intended to be an illustration of the use of operator theory when applied to solve specific problems in pure and applied mathematics, engineering, physics, or science in general.
\r\n\t
The ketogenic diet is a mixed diet containing low carbohydrates, consisting primarily of proteins and fat [1, 2]. Some healthy foods are eaten on a ketogenic diet, for example, seafood, low-carb vegetables, cheese, eggs, meat, poultry, coffee, and tea. The importance of high fat in aging-related sarcopenic obesity reducing regimens on different metabolic models are shown by comparing the effects of four different types of ketogenic dietary regimens [3, 4]. Standard ketogenic diet (SKD): This typically contains a very low, only 5% carbohydrate, 15% moderate proteins, 80% high fat diet. This classic SKD contains a 3:1 ratio to combined protein and carbohydrate. High protein ketogenic diet (HPKD): This contains 5% carbohydrate, 35% protein, and 60% fat. This type is similar to a standard ketogenic diet, but includes more protein [5]. Cyclical ketogenic diet (CKD): This ketogenic diet involves 5 periods of ketogenic days followed by 2 high carbohydrate days [6]. Targeted ketogenic diet (TKD): This ketogenic diet allows you to add carbohydrate around workouts. Although this ketogenic diet is usually safe for weight loss, diabetes, epilepsy, and aging-related sarcopenic obesity, there maybe have some initial side effects while your body adapts [7, 8, 9]. Ketogenic diets forces to burn fats rather than carbohydrates. A ketogenic diet, a high fat, in food is converted triglyceride (TG). The liver convers triacylglycerol (TAG) into fatty acid and ketone bodies [10]. Elevated ketone bodies in the blood eventually lowers the aging-related sarcopenic obesity. We hoped to obtain the benefits of ketone dietary therapy that could be maintained indefinitely. Ketone bodies were produced β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone by the liver in they consumed a very low-carbohydrate, and excess high-fat diet (Figure 1) [11, 12].
Ketone bodies. Interrelationships of these three substances. Under certain a high rate of fatty acid oxidation, the liver products collectively of β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone.
Sarcopenic obesity is caused reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength in order adults. Sarcopenic obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of age and excessive food energy intake, not exercising enough, smoking or heavy alcohol use, although a few caused by genes [13]. Inflammation with aging is known to be a major contributor to sarcopenia [14]. Therefore, sarcopenic obesity has been defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass and overweight in the older age. As sarcopenic obesity grow older, up to half of the muscle is lost and skeletal muscle is often replaced with fat tissue, particularly in sarcopenic obesity [15]. This is an importance of sarcopenic obesity in the health care for older people. Sarcopenia obesity starts at approximately 40 years of age and there is an estimated muscle mass loss of about 3 ~ 8% per decade, stretching process speeds up until the age of 70 years; after that age, a 15% loss ensues per decade [16]. This group proposed that sarcopenic obesity is diagnosed based on over whole-body weight combination with poor physical functioning [17].
The production of ketone bodies is from the liver. The reverse situation occurs in extrahepatic tissue. Responsible for ketone body formation are associated mainly with the mitochondria. Acetoacetate was formed from the terminal four carbons of a fatty acid upon oxidation. The liver is equipped with the production of acetoacetate from acetoacetyl-CoA (Figure 2). This accounts for the net production of ketone bodies by the liver. Sarcopenic obesity is a newly recognized geriatric syndrome by age-related decline of low skeletal muscle plus a combined approach of overweight body mass that occurs with advancing age [18]. There are several factors contributing to the disorder. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been identified as the initiator in the early stages of many disorders such as physical disability, poor nutrition, and smoking [19, 20]. However, a widely accepted definition of sarcopenic obesity or obese sarcopenia suitable for use in research and clinical practice is still lacking. Sarcopenic obesity is increases the risk of aging-related type 2 diabetes susceptibility to obesity, and it can be the cause of functional dependence and disability in the elderly population [21]. Sarcopenic obesity was significantly associated with greater odds of sarcopenia, overfat, and sarcopenic obesity in women, but not in men [22]. Among older adult sarcopenic obesity characteristics, reduced lean mass at its extreme termed sarcopenia and excess body fatness are predictors of poor health outcomes in the general population. Sarcopenic obesity is at its extreme referred to as ketogenic diet of theorized compound these individual risks [23]. On average, by 20–40% for both men and women in sarcopenic obesity-induced muscles loss and overweight. Overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 26.7% in women and 73.3% in men, which increased with age. Prevalence of obesity was 74.6% in women and 67.1% in men [24]. Thus, defining sarcopenic obesity only in terms of muscle mass is too narrow maybe of limited clinical value that becomes more common in people over the age of 65. Sarcopenic obesity factor seropositivity, and a lack of current treatment with disease-modifying anti-sarcopenic obesity drugs were significantly associated with abnormal body composition such as increasing joint deformity, disability scores and C-reactive protein levels [25]. After middle age, adults lose 3% of their muscle strength every year, on average, to perform many routine activities [26]. These factors contribute to sarcopenic obesity to the characteristic skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness. Sarcopenic obesity also shortens life expectancy in those it affects, compared to individuals with normal muscle strength. Aging-related-sarcopenic obesity is caused by an imbalance between signals for muscle cell growth and signals for teardown [27]. Skeletal muscle cell growth processes are called “muscle anabolism,” and fat cell teardown processes are called “fat catabolism” (Figure 3). Ketogenic diet acts with protein-destroying enzymes to keep muscle steady through a cycle of growth, stress or injury, destruction, and then healing. However, during aging your body becomes resistant to the growth signals, tipping the balance toward catabolism and muscle loss [28].
Ketogenesis.
The ketone bodies use. Extrahepatic tissues utilize them as respiratory substrates. The ketone bodies from the liver to the extrahepatic tissues coupled with very low activity of enzymes responsible for their utilization. Ketone bodies serve as a fuel for extrahepatic tissues.
The Older women with sarcopenic obesity have an increased all-cause mortality risk independent of obesity [29]. Sarcopenic obesity with obesity and aging, loss of muscle mass as a primary event, and this loss is a major contributor to fat gain, which in turn reinforces the muscle loss. Markedly elevated acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid production in the liver sarcopenic obesity. The various etiologic factors of sarcopenia in aging all lead to loss of muscle [30]. With the increase ketone body in skeletal muscle, acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid secretion are increased, and both lead to sarcopenic obesity resistance, which reduces the fat mass in sarcopenic obesity skeletal muscle and normal anabolic effect of insulin on amino acid transport in muscle [30, 31]. In addition, there is some evidence that acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid reduces fat mass secretion, suppressing another major anabolic stimulus. In addition, higher acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid levels may exert direct catabolic effects on muscle [32] (Figure 4).
A ketogenic diet can rebuild skeletal muscle. A ketogenic diet can help you lose fat in the skeletal muscle from sarcopenic obesity. β-hydroxybutyric acid provides the main fuel for moderate and high-intensity exercise.
Sarcopenic obesity in older adults is associated with skeletal poorer performance and strength parameters. Despite β-hydroxybutyric acid in clinical use as a therapy for sarcopenic obesity for several years, the ketogenic diet remains a therapy in search of an explanation [33]. The action of the ketogenic diet is the optimal indications for its clinical use are incompletely defined. We defined the abnormalities in body composition and abdominal fat that occur in sarcopenic obesity is associated with the aging-related presence of skeletal muscle dysfunction. Some features of clinical experience have been replicated in animal models, including the role of ketosis, elevation of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HMG CoA reductase, testosterone. Sarcopenic obesity by both classic ketogenic and β-hydroxybutyric acid diets are better effective at younger ages, and rapid reversal of the sarcopenic obesity effect when the diet is discontinued [34]. Sarcopenic obesity have been implicated in muscle atrophy and dysfunction due to denervation, muscular dystrophy, and disuse. A ketogenic diet plays key roles in sarcopenic obesity in muscle atrophy and the potential of the ketogenic diet for the treatment of sarcopenic obesity in regulating metabolism in skeletal muscle. Several β-hydroxybutyric acid isoforms are potential targets for intervention in sarcopenic obesity. Supplementary of acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid prevents muscle atrophy due to nutrient deprivation [35]. A ketogenic diet regulates metabolism in skeletal muscle and may inhibit oxidative metabolism during aging. Both of acetoacetic acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid have been implicated in muscle atrophy due to skeletal muscle denervation, a process implicated in sarcopenic obesity. Acetoacetic acid or β-hydroxybutyric acid is already in use in the clinic, and there is promise in targeting skeletal muscle for the treatment of sarcopenic obesity [36]. As in the clinical arena, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in pursuing basic questions related to the ketogenic diet. There have been very few animal studies of the ketogenic diet, and those that have been performed are difficult to compare because of wide discrepancies in experimental methods [37]. Earlier models concentrated on the effect of the ketogenic diet on sarcopenic obesity. The effects on the ketogenic diet and satiety, weight loss, and nitrogen balance are discussed as well as influences on electrolytes and the sympathetic system [38]. Hormonal changes of the ketogenic diet regimens and the impact on mood and subjective acceptance are compared. Experimental approaches such as brain metabolic pathways and histological techniques hold much promise in the effort to understand this intriguing alternative to standard ketogenic diet [39]. Though no recommendation for a particular dietary regimen is given, the different implications on the parameters described are pointed out. The global population is aging, the disease is younger and the influence of modern lifestyle, the clinic promotes personalized anti-aging programs, natural nutritional prescriptions, and preventive medical health management to awaken the body’s original anti-aging self-healing power, allowing everyone to reverse the sub-healthy and healthy life, but it does also face the impact of modern diseases. It may be necessary to face the torture of the disease in advance, so the concept of health and advocating naturalness has gradually increased [40].
The ketogenic diet is good for your health. This results in the production of ketones, acetoacetic acid, and β-hydroxybutyric acid. The body uses for acetoacetic acid or β-hydroxybutyric acid to burns body fats, they can lead to weight loss. The possible mechanisms are a decrease in lipogenesis, an increase in lipolysis, and an increase in the metabolic cost of gluconeogenesis. Sarcopenia, obesity and their coexistence, obese sarcopenia, as well as sarcopenic obesity, are among the greatest health concerns in the aging population. A clear age-dependent increased prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity has been registered in the ketogenic diet therapy patients, suggesting mechanistic relationships.
Inflammation aging is a common ground for age-related sarcopenic obesity. Ketogenic diet therapy is observed greater weight loss compared with other balanced diets. The short-term ketogenic diet is by an almost carbohydrate-free oral diet might have weight loss effectively. Therefore, we suggest the benefits of the ketogenic diet and its risks including supports weight loss, reduce risk of cancers, improve heart health, protect brain function, aging-related sarcopenic obesity, and potentially reduces seizures. In this Chapter, we discuss the aging-related sarcopenic obesity. Nutrition, β-hydroxybutyric acid, in the early development of sarcopenic obesity, cardiomyopathy, dysbiosis and age-associated diseases is our future project. We want to know about sarcopenic obesity during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Like many difficult global health problems, the COVID-19 solutions maybe apparent but the logistics of implementing them may be lacking.
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Integrity - We are consistent and dependable, always striving for precision and accuracy in the true spirit of science.
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\n\nIntechOpen is a dynamic, vibrant company, where exceptional people are achieving great things. We offer a creative, dedicated, committed, and passionate environment but never lose sight of the fact that science and discovery is exciting and rewarding. We constantly strive to ensure that members of our community can work, travel, meet world-renowned researchers and grow their own career and develop their own experiences.
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Errecalde",authors:[{id:"88409",title:"Dr.",name:"Nora",middleName:null,surname:"Mestorino",slug:"nora-mestorino",fullName:"Nora Mestorino"},{id:"125928",title:"Prof.",name:"Jorge",middleName:null,surname:"Errecalde",slug:"jorge-errecalde",fullName:"Jorge Errecalde"}]},{id:"43196",doi:"10.5772/55550",title:"Feline Mammary Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia: A Clinical Approach",slug:"feline-mammary-fibroepithelial-hyperplasia-a-clinical-approach",totalDownloads:4691,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:12,abstract:null,book:{id:"3423",slug:"insights-from-veterinary-medicine",title:"Insights from Veterinary Medicine",fullTitle:"Insights from Veterinary Medicine"},signatures:"Rita Payan-Carreira",authors:[{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"43169",title:"Dermatology in Dogs and Cats",slug:"dermatology-in-dogs-and-cats",totalDownloads:10311,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:null,book:{id:"3423",slug:"insights-from-veterinary-medicine",title:"Insights from Veterinary Medicine",fullTitle:"Insights from Veterinary Medicine"},signatures:"Elisa Bourguignon, Luciana Diegues Guimarães, Tássia Sell Ferreira and Evandro Silva Favarato",authors:[{id:"124361",title:"Mrs.",name:"Elisa",middleName:null,surname:"Bourguignon",slug:"elisa-bourguignon",fullName:"Elisa Bourguignon"}]},{id:"52760",title:"Canine Parvovirus Type 2",slug:"canine-parvovirus-type-2",totalDownloads:3049,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"Canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis is characterized by intestinal hemorrhage with severe bloody diarrhea. The causative agent, CPV‐2, was first identified in the late 1970s. CPV is a nonenveloped, linear, single‐stranded DNA virus with a genome of approximately 5 kb, and it belongs to the genus Parvovirus, together with feline panleukopenia virus, mink enteritis virus, raccoon parvovirus, and porcine parvovirus. An antigenic variant, CPV‐2a, identified within a few years after the emergence of CPV‐2, and another variant, CPV‐2b, began appearing in the canine population in 1984. In 2000, a novel antigenic variant, CPV‐2c, was first detected in Italy. This chapter focuses on the history, viral evolution, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, vaccination, and prevention of CPV‐2.",book:{id:"5469",slug:"canine-medicine-recent-topics-and-advanced-research",title:"Canine Medicine",fullTitle:"Canine Medicine - Recent Topics and Advanced Research"},signatures:"Chao-Nan Lin and Shu-Yun Chiang",authors:[{id:"190874",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Chao-Nan",middleName:null,surname:"Lin",slug:"chao-nan-lin",fullName:"Chao-Nan Lin"},{id:"194988",title:"Dr.",name:"Shu-Yun",middleName:null,surname:"Chiang",slug:"shu-yun-chiang",fullName:"Shu-Yun Chiang"}]},{id:"52705",title:"Chronic Mitral Valve Insufficiency in Dogs: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment",slug:"chronic-mitral-valve-insufficiency-in-dogs-recent-advances-in-diagnosis-and-treatment",totalDownloads:3851,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Chronic mitral valvular insufficiency (CMVI) is the most common acquired heart disease in dogs and is characterized by degenerative valvular changes causing progressive thickening of mitral leaflets and incomplete closure of mitral valve. As the disease progresses, it causes congestive heart failure (CHF) and pulmonary edema if the LA dilation cannot accommodate the volume overload by mitral regurgitation. Therefore, it is the most common cause of cardiac mortality in dogs. This chapter discusses general features of CMVI in dogs focusing on recent advances in diagnosis and treatment.",book:{id:"5469",slug:"canine-medicine-recent-topics-and-advanced-research",title:"Canine Medicine",fullTitle:"Canine Medicine - Recent Topics and Advanced Research"},signatures:"Sang-II Suh, Dong-Hyun Han, Seung-Gon Lee, Yong-Wei Hung, Ran\nChoi and Changbaig Hyun",authors:[{id:"13534",title:"Prof.",name:"Changbaig",middleName:null,surname:"Hyun",slug:"changbaig-hyun",fullName:"Changbaig Hyun"},{id:"371146",title:"Dr.",name:"Sang-II",middleName:null,surname:"Suh",slug:"sang-ii-suh",fullName:"Sang-II Suh"},{id:"371147",title:"Dr.",name:"Dong-Hyun",middleName:null,surname:"Han",slug:"dong-hyun-han",fullName:"Dong-Hyun Han"},{id:"371148",title:"Dr.",name:"Seung-Gon",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",slug:"seung-gon-lee",fullName:"Seung-Gon Lee"},{id:"371149",title:"Dr.",name:"Yong-Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Hung",slug:"yong-wei-hung",fullName:"Yong-Wei Hung"},{id:"371150",title:"Dr.",name:"Ran",middleName:null,surname:"Choi",slug:"ran-choi",fullName:"Ran Choi"}]},{id:"52484",title:"Infectious Causes of Abortion, Stillbirth and Neonatal Death in Bitches",slug:"infectious-causes-of-abortion-stillbirth-and-neonatal-death-in-bitches",totalDownloads:2818,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"Problems in gestational development in dogs can be determined by infectious and non‐infectious causes. Among the non‐infectious causes, trauma during pregnancy, genetic characteristics of the animal, deficit nutrition, thyroid dysfunction, maternal problems and hormonal disorders are found. The majority of the cases are in relation to infectious diseases, one should consider viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal, which can interfere directly or indirectly in the foetal development. The progression of foetal development may be affected by the direct action of the microorganisms to overcome the placenta, but they are also able to affect pregnancy and release placental toxins by inflammatory processes and, may still cause maternal pathologies, which entail problems such as hyperthermia, hypoxia and endotoxemia, which can result in abortion. Several diseases can trigger pregnancy loss in dogs. This action can be direct by microorganisms, as well as indirectly triggering other problems that lead to abortion. This chapter discusses the infectious aetiologies of reproductive failures (abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death) in bitches.",book:{id:"5469",slug:"canine-medicine-recent-topics-and-advanced-research",title:"Canine Medicine",fullTitle:"Canine Medicine - Recent Topics and Advanced Research"},signatures:"João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula Antunes, Débora Alves de Carvalho\nFreire, Ilanna Vanessa Pristo de Medeiros Oliveira, Gabriela Hémylin\nFerreira Moura, Larissa de Castro Demoner and Heider Irinaldo\nPereira Ferreira",authors:[{id:"191197",title:"Ph.D.",name:"João",middleName:null,surname:"Antunes",slug:"joao-antunes",fullName:"João Antunes"},{id:"191203",title:"MSc.",name:"Débora Alves",middleName:null,surname:"De Carvalho Freire",slug:"debora-alves-de-carvalho-freire",fullName:"Débora Alves De Carvalho Freire"},{id:"191204",title:"MSc.",name:"Ilanna Vanessa",middleName:null,surname:"Pristo De Medeiros Oliveira",slug:"ilanna-vanessa-pristo-de-medeiros-oliveira",fullName:"Ilanna Vanessa Pristo De Medeiros Oliveira"},{id:"191205",title:"BSc.",name:"Gabriela Hémylin",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Moura",slug:"gabriela-hemylin-ferreira-moura",fullName:"Gabriela Hémylin Ferreira Moura"},{id:"191207",title:"Dr.",name:"Larissa",middleName:null,surname:"De Castro Demoner",slug:"larissa-de-castro-demoner",fullName:"Larissa De Castro Demoner"},{id:"194801",title:"MSc.",name:"Heider Irinaldo Pereira",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira",slug:"heider-irinaldo-pereira-ferreira",fullName:"Heider Irinaldo Pereira Ferreira"}]},{id:"28674",title:"Atresia Ani in Dogs and Cats",slug:"atresia-ani-in-dogs-and-cats",totalDownloads:15480,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:null,book:{id:"1667",slug:"a-bird-s-eye-view-of-veterinary-medicine",title:"A Bird's-Eye View of Veterinary Medicine",fullTitle:"A Bird's-Eye View of Veterinary Medicine"},signatures:"Lysimachos G. Papazoglou and Gary W. Ellison",authors:[{id:"85124",title:"Prof.",name:"Lysimachos",middleName:null,surname:"Papazoglou",slug:"lysimachos-papazoglou",fullName:"Lysimachos Papazoglou"},{id:"91413",title:"Prof.",name:"Gary",middleName:null,surname:"Ellison",slug:"gary-ellison",fullName:"Gary Ellison"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"299",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:140,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:123,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:22,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:11,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. 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",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/3.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"August 12th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:9,editor:{id:"419588",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sergio",middleName:"Alexandre",surname:"Gehrke",slug:"sergio-gehrke",fullName:"Sergio Gehrke",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000038WgMKQA0/Profile_Picture_2022-06-02T11:44:20.jpg",biography:"Dr. Sergio Alexandre Gehrke is a doctorate holder in two fields. The first is a Ph.D. in Cellular and Molecular Biology from the Pontificia Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Brazil, in 2010 and the other is an International Ph.D. in Bioengineering from the Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Elche/Alicante, Spain, obtained in 2020. In 2018, he completed a postdoctoral fellowship in Materials Engineering in the NUCLEMAT of the Pontificia Catholic University, Porto Alegre, Brazil. He is currently the Director of the Postgraduate Program in Implantology of the Bioface/UCAM/PgO (Montevideo, Uruguay), Director of the Cathedra of Biotechnology of the Catholic University of Murcia (Murcia, Spain), an Extraordinary Full Professor of the Catholic University of Murcia (Murcia, Spain) as well as the Director of the private center of research Biotecnos – Technology and Science (Montevideo, Uruguay). Applied biomaterials, cellular and molecular biology, and dental implants are among his research interests. He has published several original papers in renowned journals. In addition, he is also a Collaborating Professor in several Postgraduate programs at different universities all over the world.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:2,paginationItems:[{id:"1",title:"Oral Health",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/1.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11397,editor:{id:"173955",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandra",middleName:null,surname:"Marinho",slug:"sandra-marinho",fullName:"Sandra Marinho",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRGYMQA4/Profile_Picture_2022-06-01T13:22:41.png",biography:"Dr. Sandra A. Marinho is an Associate Professor and Brazilian researcher at the State University of Paraíba (Universidade Estadual da Paraíba- UEPB), Campus VIII, located in Araruna, state of Paraíba since 2011. She holds a degree in Dentistry from the Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), while her specialization and professional improvement in Stomatology took place at Hospital Heliopolis (São Paulo, SP). Her qualifications are: a specialist in Dental Imaging and Radiology, Master in Dentistry (Periodontics) from the University of São Paulo (FORP-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP), and Doctor (Ph.D.) in Dentistry (Stomatology Clinic) from Hospital São Lucas of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (HSL-PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS). She held a postdoctoral internship at the Federal University from Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM, Diamantina, MG). She is currently a member of the Brazilian Society for Dental Research (SBPqO) and the Brazilian Society of Stomatology and Pathology (SOBEP). Dr. Marinho's experience in Dentistry mainly covers the following subjects: oral diagnosis, oral radiology; oral medicine; lesions and oral infections; oral pathology, laser therapy and epidemiological studies.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"State University of Paraíba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"2",title:"Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/2.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11398,editor:{id:"179568",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Wen Lin",middleName:null,surname:"Chai",slug:"wen-lin-chai",fullName:"Wen Lin Chai",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRHGAQA4/Profile_Picture_2022-05-23T14:31:12.png",biography:"Professor Dr. Chai Wen Lin is currently a lecturer at the Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Malaya. She obtained a Master of Dental Science in 2006 and a Ph.D. in 2011. Her Ph.D. research work on the soft tissue-implant interface at the University of Sheffield has yielded several important publications in the key implant journals. She was awarded an Excellent Exchange Award by the University of Sheffield which gave her the opportunity to work at the famous Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, under the tutelage of Prof. Peter Thomsen. In 2016, she was appointed as a visiting scholar at UCLA, USA, with attachment in Hospital Dentistry, and involvement in research work related to zirconia implant. In 2016, her contribution to dentistry was recognized by the Royal College of Surgeon of Edinburgh with her being awarded a Fellowship in Dental Surgery. She has authored numerous papers published both in local and international journals. She was the Editor of the Malaysian Dental Journal for several years. Her main research interests are implant-soft tissue interface, zirconia implant, photofunctionalization, 3D-oral mucosal model and pulpal regeneration.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaya",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},editorTwo:{id:"479686",title:"Dr.",name:"Ghee Seong",middleName:null,surname:"Lim",slug:"ghee-seong-lim",fullName:"Ghee Seong Lim",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003ScjLZQAZ/Profile_Picture_2022-06-08T14:17:06.png",biography:"Assoc. Prof Dr. Lim Ghee Seong graduated with a Bachelor of Dental Surgery from University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur in 2008. He then pursued his Master in Clinical Dentistry, specializing in Restorative Dentistry at Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK, where he graduated with distinction. He has also been awarded the International Training Fellowship (Restorative Dentistry) from the Royal College of Surgeons. His passion for teaching then led him to join the faculty of dentistry at University Malaya and he has since became a valuable lecturer and clinical specialist in the Department of Restorative Dentistry. He is currently the removable prosthodontic undergraduate year 3 coordinator, head of the undergraduate module on occlusion and a member of the multidisciplinary team for the TMD clinic. He has previous membership in the British Society for Restorative Dentistry, the Malaysian Association of Aesthetic Dentistry and he is currently a lifetime member of the Malaysian Association for Prosthodontics. Currently, he is also the examiner for the Restorative Specialty Membership Examinations, Royal College of Surgeons, England. He has authored and co-authored handful of both local and international journal articles. His main interest is in prosthodontics, dental material, TMD and regenerative dentistry.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaya",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:42,paginationItems:[{id:"82914",title:"Glance on the Critical Role of IL-23 Receptor Gene Variations in Inflammation-Induced Carcinogenesis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105049",signatures:"Mohammed El-Gedamy",slug:"glance-on-the-critical-role-of-il-23-receptor-gene-variations-in-inflammation-induced-carcinogenesis",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Chemokines Updates",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11672.jpg",subseries:{id:"18",title:"Proteomics"}}},{id:"82875",title:"Lipidomics as a Tool in the Diagnosis and Clinical Therapy",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105857",signatures:"María Elizbeth Alvarez Sánchez, Erick Nolasco Ontiveros, Rodrigo Arreola, Adriana Montserrat Espinosa González, Ana María García Bores, Roberto Eduardo López Urrutia, Ignacio Peñalosa Castro, María del Socorro Sánchez Correa and Edgar Antonio Estrella Parra",slug:"lipidomics-as-a-tool-in-the-diagnosis-and-clinical-therapy",totalDownloads:7,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Fatty Acids - Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11669.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82440",title:"Lipid Metabolism and Associated Molecular Signaling Events in Autoimmune Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105746",signatures:"Mohan Vanditha, Sonu Das and Mathew John",slug:"lipid-metabolism-and-associated-molecular-signaling-events-in-autoimmune-disease",totalDownloads:17,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Fatty Acids - Recent Advances",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11669.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82483",title:"Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105891",signatures:"Laura Mourino-Alvarez, Tamara Sastre-Oliva, Nerea Corbacho-Alonso and Maria G. 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He has both an MS and Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering. He was previously a research scientist at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and visiting professor and researcher at the University of North Dakota. He is currently working in artificial intelligence and its applications in medical signal processing. In addition, he is using digital signal processing in medical imaging and speech processing. Dr. Asadpour has developed brain-computer interfacing algorithms and has published books, book chapters, and several journal and conference papers in this field and other areas of intelligent signal processing. 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Dr. Gaiceanu is a member of the National Council for Attesting Titles, Diplomas and Certificates, an expert of the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research Funding, and a member of the Senate of the Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. He has been the head of the Integrated Energy Conversion Systems and Advanced Control of Complex Processes Research Center, Romania, since 2016. He has conducted several projects in power converter systems for electrical drives, power quality, PEM and SOFC fuel cell power converters for utilities, electric vehicles, and marine applications with the Department of Regulation and Control, SIEI S.pA. (2002–2004) and the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy (2002–2004, 2006–2007). He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and cofounder-member of the IEEE Power Electronics Romanian Chapter. He is a guest editor at Energies and an academic book editor for IntechOpen. He is also a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science and Sustainability. Dr. Gaiceanu has been General Chairman of the IEEE International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the last six editions.",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",biography:"Jaydip Sen is associated with Praxis Business School, Kolkata, India, as a professor in the Department of Data Science. His research areas include security and privacy issues in computing and communication, intrusion detection systems, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence in the financial domain. He has more than 200 publications in reputed international journals, refereed conference proceedings, and 20 book chapters in books published by internationally renowned publishing houses, such as Springer, CRC press, IGI Global, etc. Currently, he is serving on the editorial board of the prestigious journal Frontiers in Communications and Networks and in the technical program committees of a number of high-ranked international conferences organized by the IEEE, USA, and the ACM, USA. He has been listed among the top 2% of scientists in the world for the last three consecutive years, 2019 to 2021 as per studies conducted by the Stanford University, USA.",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null},{id:"320071",title:"Dr.",name:"Sidra",middleName:null,surname:"Mehtab",slug:"sidra-mehtab",fullName:"Sidra Mehtab",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002v6KHoQAM/Profile_Picture_1584512086360",biography:"Sidra Mehtab has completed her BS with honors in Physics from Calcutta University, India in 2018. She has done MS in Data Science and Analytics from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), Kolkata, India in 2020. Her research areas include Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer and Network Security with a particular focus on Cyber Security Analytics. Ms. Mehtab has published seven papers in international conferences and one of her papers has been accepted for publication in a reputable international journal. She has won the best paper awards in two prestigious international conferences – BAICONF 2019, and ICADCML 2021, organized in the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India in December 2019, and SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India in January 2021. Besides, Ms. Mehtab has also published two book chapters in two books. Seven of her book chapters will be published in a volume shortly in 2021 by Cambridge Scholars’ Press, UK. Currently, she is working as the joint editor of two edited volumes on Time Series Analysis and Forecasting to be published in the first half of 2021 by an international house. Currently, she is working as a Data Scientist with an MNC in Delhi, India.",institutionString:"NSHM College of Management and Technology",institution:{name:"Association for Computing Machinery",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"226240",title:"Dr.",name:"Andri Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Rifai",slug:"andri-irfan-rifai",fullName:"Andri Irfan Rifai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/226240/images/7412_n.jpg",biography:"Andri IRFAN is a Senior Lecturer of Civil Engineering and Planning. He completed the PhD at the Universitas Indonesia & Universidade do Minho with Sandwich Program Scholarship from the Directorate General of Higher Education and LPDP scholarship. He has been teaching for more than 19 years and much active to applied his knowledge in the project construction in Indonesia. His research interest ranges from pavement management system to advanced data mining techniques for transportation engineering. He has published more than 50 papers in journals and 2 books.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universitas Internasional Batam",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"314576",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibai",middleName:null,surname:"Laña",slug:"ibai-lana",fullName:"Ibai Laña",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314576/images/system/314576.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ibai Laña works at TECNALIA as a data analyst. He received his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain, in 2018. He is currently a senior researcher at TECNALIA. His research interests fall within the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, machine learning, traffic data analysis, and data science. He has dealt with urban traffic forecasting problems, applying machine learning models and evolutionary algorithms. He has experience in origin-destination matrix estimation or point of interest and trajectory detection. Working with large volumes of data has given him a good command of big data processing tools and NoSQL databases. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"314575",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus",middleName:null,surname:"L. Lobo",slug:"jesus-l.-lobo",fullName:"Jesus L. Lobo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314575/images/system/314575.png",biography:"Dr. Jesús López is currently based in Bilbao (Spain) working at TECNALIA as Artificial Intelligence Research Scientist. In most cases, a project idea or a new research line needs to be investigated to see if it is good enough to take into production or to focus on it. That is exactly what he does, diving into Machine Learning algorithms and technologies to help TECNALIA to decide whether something is great in theory or will actually impact on the product or processes of its projects. So, he is expert at framing experiments, developing hypotheses, and proving whether they’re true or not, in order to investigate fundamental problems with a longer time horizon. He is also able to design and develop PoCs and system prototypes in simulation. He has participated in several national and internacional R&D projects.\n\nAs another relevant part of his everyday research work, he usually publishes his findings in reputed scientific refereed journals and international conferences, occasionally acting as reviewer and Programme Commitee member. Concretely, since 2018 he has published 9 JCR (8 Q1) journal papers, 9 conference papers (e.g. ECML PKDD 2021), and he has co-edited a book. He is also active in popular science writing data science stories for reputed blogs (KDNuggets, TowardsDataScience, Naukas). Besides, he has recently embarked on mentoring programmes as mentor, and has also worked as data science trainer.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"103779",title:"Prof.",name:"Yalcin",middleName:null,surname:"Isler",slug:"yalcin-isler",fullName:"Yalcin Isler",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRyQ8QAK/Profile_Picture_1628834958734",biography:"Yalcin Isler (1971 - Burdur / Turkey) received the B.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, in 1993, the M.Sc. degree from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, in 1996, the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey, in 2009, and the Competence of Associate Professorship from the Turkish Interuniversity Council in 2019.\n\nHe was Lecturer at Burdur Vocational School in Suleyman Demirel University (1993-2000, Burdur / Turkey), Software Engineer (2000-2002, Izmir / Turkey), Research Assistant in Bulent Ecevit University (2002-2003, Zonguldak / Turkey), Research Assistant in Dokuz Eylul University (2003-2010, Izmir / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Bulent Ecevit University (2010-2012, Zonguldak / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Izmir Katip Celebi University (2012-2019, Izmir / Turkey). He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir / Turkey, since 2019. In addition to academics, he has also founded Islerya Medical and Information Technologies Company, Izmir / Turkey, since 2017.\n\nHis main research interests cover biomedical signal processing, pattern recognition, medical device design, programming, and embedded systems. He has many scientific papers and participated in several projects in these study fields. He was an IEEE Student Member (2009-2011) and IEEE Member (2011-2014) and has been IEEE Senior Member since 2014.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"339677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mrinmoy",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",slug:"mrinmoy-roy",fullName:"Mrinmoy Roy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/339677/images/16768_n.jpg",biography:"An accomplished Sales & Marketing professional with 12 years of cross-functional experience in well-known organisations such as CIPLA, LUPIN, GLENMARK, ASTRAZENECA across different segment of Sales & Marketing, International Business, Institutional Business, Product Management, Strategic Marketing of HIV, Oncology, Derma, Respiratory, Anti-Diabetic, Nutraceutical & Stomatological Product Portfolio and Generic as well as Chronic Critical Care Portfolio. A First Class MBA in International Business & Strategic Marketing, B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Google Certified Digital Marketing Professional. Qualified PhD Candidate in Operations and Management with special focus on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning adoption, analysis and use in Healthcare, Hospital & Pharma Domain. Seasoned with diverse therapy area of Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing ranging from generating revenue through generating prescriptions, launching new products, and making them big brands with continuous strategy execution at the Physician and Patients level. Moved from Sales to Marketing and Business Development for 3.5 years in South East Asian Market operating from Manila, Philippines. Came back to India and handled and developed Brands such as Gluconorm, Lupisulin, Supracal, Absolut Woman, Hemozink, Fabiflu (For COVID 19), and many more. In my previous assignment I used to develop and execute strategies on Sales & Marketing, Commercialization & Business Development for Institution and Corporate Hospital Business portfolio of Oncology Therapy Area for AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd. Being a Research Scholar and Student of ‘Operations Research & Management: Artificial Intelligence’ I published several pioneer research papers and book chapters on the same in Internationally reputed journals and Books indexed in Scopus, Springer and Ei Compendex, Google Scholar etc. Currently, I am launching PGDM Pharmaceutical Management Program in IIHMR Bangalore and spearheading the course curriculum and structure of the same. I am interested in Collaboration for Healthcare Innovation, Pharma AI Innovation, Future trend in Marketing and Management with incubation on Healthcare, Healthcare IT startups, AI-ML Modelling and Healthcare Algorithm based training module development. I am also an affiliated member of the Institute of Management Consultant of India, looking forward to Healthcare, Healthcare IT and Innovation, Pharma and Hospital Management Consulting works.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lovely Professional University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"310576",title:"Prof.",name:"Erick Giovani",middleName:null,surname:"Sperandio Nascimento",slug:"erick-giovani-sperandio-nascimento",fullName:"Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0033Y00002pDKxDQAW/ProfilePicture%202022-06-20%2019%3A57%3A24.788",biography:"Prof. Erick Sperandio is the Lead Researcher and professor of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at SENAI CIMATEC, Bahia, Brazil, also working with Computational Modeling (CM) and HPC. He holds a PhD in Environmental Engineering in the area of Atmospheric Computational Modeling, a Master in Informatics in the field of Computational Intelligence and Graduated in Computer Science from UFES. He currently coordinates, leads and participates in R&D projects in the areas of AI, computational modeling and supercomputing applied to different areas such as Oil and Gas, Health, Advanced Manufacturing, Renewable Energies and Atmospheric Sciences, advising undergraduate, master's and doctoral students. He is the Lead Researcher at SENAI CIMATEC's Reference Center on Artificial Intelligence. In addition, he is a Certified Instructor and University Ambassador of the NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute (DLI) in the areas of Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing and Recommender Systems, and Principal Investigator of the NVIDIA/CIMATEC AI Joint Lab, the first in Latin America within the NVIDIA AI Technology Center (NVAITC) worldwide program. He also works as a researcher at the Supercomputing Center for Industrial Innovation (CS2i) and at the SENAI Institute of Innovation for Automation (ISI Automação), both from SENAI CIMATEC. He is a member and vice-coordinator of the Basic Board of Scientific-Technological Advice and Evaluation, in the area of Innovation, of the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB). He serves as Technology Transfer Coordinator and one of the Principal Investigators at the National Applied Research Center in Artificial Intelligence (CPA-IA) of SENAI CIMATEC, focusing on Industry, being one of the six CPA-IA in Brazil approved by MCTI / FAPESP / CGI.br. He also participates as one of the representatives of Brazil in the BRICS Innovation Collaboration Working Group on HPC, ICT and AI. He is the coordinator of the Work Group of the Axis 5 - Workforce and Training - of the Brazilian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (EBIA), and member of the MCTI/EMBRAPII AI Innovation Network Training Committee. He is the coordinator, by SENAI CIMATEC, of the Artificial Intelligence Reference Network of the State of Bahia (REDE BAH.IA). He leads the working group of experts representing Brazil in the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), on the theme \"AI and the Pandemic Response\".",institutionString:"Manufacturing and Technology Integrated Campus – SENAI CIMATEC",institution:null},{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:'"Politechnica" University Timişoara',institution:null},{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",biography:"Dr. Eneko Osaba works at TECNALIA as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence in 2015. He has participated in more than twenty-five local and European research projects, and in the publication of more than 130 papers. He has performed several stays at universities in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Malta. Dr. Osaba has served as a program committee member in more than forty international conferences and participated in organizing activities in more than ten international conferences. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data in Brief, and Journal of Advanced Transportation. He is also a guest editor for the Journal of Computational Science, Neurocomputing, Swarm, and Evolutionary Computation and IEEE ITS Magazine.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"275829",title:"Dr.",name:"Esther",middleName:null,surname:"Villar-Rodriguez",slug:"esther-villar-rodriguez",fullName:"Esther Villar-Rodriguez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275829/images/system/275829.jpg",biography:"Dr. Esther Villar obtained a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Alcalá, Spain, in 2015. She obtained a degree in Computer Science from the University of Deusto, Spain, in 2010, and an MSc in Computer Languages and Systems from the National University of Distance Education, Spain, in 2012. Her areas of interest and knowledge include natural language processing (NLP), detection of impersonation in social networks, semantic web, and machine learning. Dr. Esther Villar made several contributions at conferences and publishing in various journals in those fields. Currently, she is working within the OPTIMA (Optimization Modeling & Analytics) business of TECNALIA’s ICT Division as a data scientist in projects related to the prediction and optimization of management and industrial processes (resource planning, energy efficiency, etc).",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"278948",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"carlos-pedro-goncalves",fullName:"Carlos Pedro Gonçalves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRcmyQAC/Profile_Picture_1564224512145",biography:'Carlos Pedro Gonçalves (PhD) is an Associate Professor at Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies and a researcher on Complexity Sciences, Quantum Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Studies, Studies in Intelligence and Security, FinTech and Financial Risk Modeling. He is also a progammer with programming experience in:\n\nA) Quantum Computing using Qiskit Python module and IBM Quantum Experience Platform, with software developed on the simulation of Quantum Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Cybersecurity;\n\nB) Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning programming in Python;\n\nC) Artificial Intelligence, Multiagent Systems Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling in Netlogo, with models developed in the areas of Chaos Theory, Econophysics, Artificial Intelligence, Classical and Quantum Complex Systems Science, with the Econophysics models having been cited worldwide and incorporated in PhD programs by different Universities.\n\nReceived an Arctic Code Vault Contributor status by GitHub, due to having developed open source software preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\" for future generations (https://archiveprogram.github.com/arctic-vault/), with the Strategy Analyzer A.I. module for decision making support (based on his PhD thesis, used in his Classes on Decision Making and in Strategic Intelligence Consulting Activities) and QNeural Python Quantum Neural Network simulator also preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\", for access to these software modules see: https://github.com/cpgoncalves. He is also a peer reviewer with outsanding review status from Elsevier journals, including Physica A, Neurocomputing and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Science CV available at: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//pt/8E1C-A8B3-78C5 and ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3974',institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"Universidade Lusófona",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"241400",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Bsiss",slug:"mohammed-bsiss",fullName:"Mohammed Bsiss",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241400/images/8062_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"276128",title:"Dr.",name:"Hira",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"hira-fatima",fullName:"Hira Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/276128/images/14420_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hira Fatima\nAssistant Professor\nDepartment of Mathematics\nInstitute of Applied Science\nMangalayatan University, Aligarh\nMobile: no : 8532041179\nhirafatima2014@gmal.com\n\nDr. Hira Fatima has received his Ph.D. degree in pure Mathematics from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India. Currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied Science, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh. She taught so many courses of Mathematics of UG and PG level. Her research Area of Expertise is Functional Analysis & Sequence Spaces. She has been working on Ideal Convergence of double sequence. She has published 17 research papers in National and International Journals including Cogent Mathematics, Filomat, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Advances in Difference Equations, Journal of Mathematical Analysis, Journal of Mathematical & Computer Science etc. She has also reviewed few research papers for the and international journals. She is a member of Indian Mathematical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"414880",title:"Dr.",name:"Maryam",middleName:null,surname:"Vatankhah",slug:"maryam-vatankhah",fullName:"Maryam Vatankhah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Borough of Manhattan Community College",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"414879",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammad-Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",slug:"mohammad-reza-akbarzadeh-totonchi",fullName:"Mohammad-Reza Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"414878",title:"Prof.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Fazel-Rezai",slug:"reza-fazel-rezai",fullName:"Reza Fazel-Rezai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"American Public University System",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"426586",title:"Dr.",name:"Oladunni A.",middleName:null,surname:"Daramola",slug:"oladunni-a.-daramola",fullName:"Oladunni A. Daramola",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Technology",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"357014",title:"Prof.",name:"Leon",middleName:null,surname:"Bobrowski",slug:"leon-bobrowski",fullName:"Leon Bobrowski",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Bialystok University of Technology",country:{name:"Poland"}}},{id:"302698",title:"Dr.",name:"Yao",middleName:null,surname:"Shan",slug:"yao-shan",fullName:"Yao Shan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Dalian University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"354126",title:"Dr.",name:"Setiawan",middleName:null,surname:"Hadi",slug:"setiawan-hadi",fullName:"Setiawan Hadi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Padjadjaran University",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"125911",title:"Prof.",name:"Jia-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"jia-ching-wang",fullName:"Jia-Ching Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Central University",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"332603",title:"Prof.",name:"Kumar S.",middleName:null,surname:"Ray",slug:"kumar-s.-ray",fullName:"Kumar S. Ray",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Statistical Institute",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"415409",title:"Prof.",name:"Maghsoud",middleName:null,surname:"Amiri",slug:"maghsoud-amiri",fullName:"Maghsoud Amiri",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Allameh Tabataba'i University",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"357085",title:"Mr.",name:"P. Mohan",middleName:null,surname:"Anand",slug:"p.-mohan-anand",fullName:"P. Mohan Anand",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356696",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"P.V.",middleName:null,surname:"Sai Charan",slug:"p.v.-sai-charan",fullName:"P.V. Sai Charan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"357086",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandeep K.",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",slug:"sandeep-k.-shukla",fullName:"Sandeep K. Shukla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"17",type:"subseries",title:"Metabolism",keywords:"Biomolecules Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Metabolic Pathways, Key Metabolic Enzymes, Metabolic Adaptation",scope:"Metabolism is frequently defined in biochemistry textbooks as the overall process that allows living systems to acquire and use the free energy they need for their vital functions or the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. Behind these definitions are hidden all the aspects of normal and pathological functioning of all processes that the topic ‘Metabolism’ will cover within the Biochemistry Series. Thus all studies on metabolism will be considered for publication.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/17.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11413,editor:{id:"138626",title:"Dr.",name:"Yannis",middleName:null,surname:"Karamanos",slug:"yannis-karamanos",fullName:"Yannis Karamanos",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002g6Jv2QAE/Profile_Picture_1629356660984",biography:"Yannis Karamanos, born in Greece in 1953, completed his pre-graduate studies at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, then his Masters and Doctoral degree at the Université de Lille (1983). He was associate professor at the University of Limoges (1987) before becoming full professor of biochemistry at the Université d’Artois (1996). 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