\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-supports-asapbio-s-new-initiative-publish-your-reviews-20220729",title:"IntechOpen Supports ASAPbio’s New Initiative Publish Your Reviews"},{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"10561",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Health-Related Quality of Life - Measurement Tools, Predictors and Modifiers",title:"Health-Related Quality of Life",subtitle:"Measurement Tools, Predictors and Modifiers",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"The concept of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has evolved since the 1980s, with broad-based applications for clinical care, research, and health policy, as well as for individual and patient use. This book, Health-Related Quality of Life - Measurement Tools, Predictors and Modifiers, highlights measurement tools for HRQoL, as well as predictors and modifiers, examining HRQoL in various disease states, including psychological health. It also discusses ethical issues in the use of HRQoL measurements. The book is a compendium of original research, sharing perspectives from across developing and developed world settings. It is a useful text for researchers and students of academic disciplines in public health and clinical studies, extending to healthcare administrators and policymakers.",isbn:"978-1-83969-021-1",printIsbn:"978-1-83969-020-4",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83969-022-8",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.92935",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"health-related-quality-of-life-measurement-tools-predictors-and-modifiers",numberOfPages:196,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"eceab01f2adff820de3b93dcf2879ee4",bookSignature:"Jasneth Mullings, Sage Arbor and Medhane Cumbay",publishedDate:"April 6th 2022",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10561.jpg",numberOfDownloads:1889,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:1,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:0,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:2,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"October 6th 2020",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"November 3rd 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"January 2nd 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"March 23rd 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"May 22nd 2021",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"248594",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jasneth",middleName:null,surname:"Mullings",slug:"jasneth-mullings",fullName:"Jasneth Mullings",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/248594/images/system/248594.jpeg",biography:"Jasneth Mullings, Ph.D., is a social epidemiologist in the Faculty of Medical Sciences, the University of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica. Her research focuses on the mental health effects of neighborhood structural and social processes and she serves as a strategic advisor to UrbanHealth360, global thought leaders in urban health.",institutionString:"The University Of The West Indies - Mona Campus, Jamaica",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:{id:"245319",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sage",middleName:null,surname:"Arbor",slug:"sage-arbor",fullName:"Sage Arbor",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/245319/images/system/245319.png",biography:"Sage Arbor is a computational biologist whose research includes fields ranging from drug design, systems biology, and epigenetic database creation to fitness app development. His work spans a broad biomedical spectrum from drug design to clinical trial analysis, including being a medical school professor and researcher, project management of developers/analysts of globally distributed labs, electronic medical record data mining (SQL and NoSQL), Python/pandas coding, data segmentation, 6σ improvement, pathway mapping, and computational drug design and synthesis. Having worked at multiple academic institutions (Duke, Marian University) and companies (e.g., Pfizer and Dupont), his research has been on both proprietary and open-access datasets for publication to the wider scientific community. His recent publication topics include quality of life modifiers, therapeutic interventions for Alzheimer\\'s disease, bioethical versus religious standards, and scientific training in those deciding public policy.",institutionString:"Duke University School of Medicine",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Duke University School of Medicine",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"326464",title:"Dr.",name:"Medhane",middleName:null,surname:"Cumbay",slug:"medhane-cumbay",fullName:"Medhane Cumbay",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/326464/images/system/326464.jpg",biography:"Dr. Medhane Cumbay has extensive experience in cell surface receptor function as it relates to cellular signaling, elucidating drug-receptor interactions, neurodegenerative diseases, and drug development. He earned a BS in Biochemistry and Biophysics from Oregon State University in 1995. While working with multiple research groups at Oregon Health Sciences University between 1995 and 1998, Dr. Cumbay developed an interest in neuroscience and neuropharmacology. This led him to pursue a doctoral degree at Purdue University, Indiana, where he earned a Ph.D. in Molecular Pharmacology in 2004. He completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine. He joined the faculty at Butler University, Indiana, in 2007, and the Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indiana, in 2015.",institutionString:"Marian University - Indiana",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Marian University - Indiana",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1132",title:"Health Care",slug:"medicine-public-health-health-care"}],chapters:[{id:"76585",title:"Modifiers of Health-Related Quality of Life by Biological, Psychological and Social Factors",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97451",slug:"modifiers-of-health-related-quality-of-life-by-biological-psychological-and-social-factors",totalDownloads:191,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Healthcare workers, clinicians and/or researchers require information on the consequences of illness on their patients, as well as on the effects associated with treatments, when making decisions on recommended treatments and for follow-up evaluations of the same. Identifying health indicators which provide necessary and appropriate data for the evaluation of clinical outcomes in terms of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), as established by the WHO Biopsychosocial Model, and which provide appropriate and pertinent information on physical, mental and social factors in patients, can improve decision-making in relation to a comprehensive and global perspective of clinical outcomes of the various treatments and procedures given to patients. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the various tools for assessing Health-Related Quality of Life, as a growing number of clinicians, researchers and patient groups wish for comprehensive and not merely biological measures of health. This may be explained by the growing number of self-administered or interview questionnaires which have the aim of measuring changes in health as well as the consequences of the various treatments used mainly on chronicity and chronic health conditions. During recent decades, numerous tools have been developed and applied to the measurement of the effects of Health-Related Quality of Life in patients based on biological or physical aspects, psychological or mental aspects, and social aspects. This chapter will review the most frequently-used tools for the measurement of Health-Related Quality of Life, and recommendations are made for their use in medical care according to psychometric characteristics and quality criteria, as a guide for use in the field of healthcare, in public health, or in outcomes research.",signatures:"Jose Antonio Miron Canelo, Maria-Fernanda Lorenzo Gómez, Elena Iglesias De Sena and Luz Celia Fernández Martín",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/76585",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/76585",authors:[{id:"65054",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria-Fernanda",surname:"Gómez Lorenzo",slug:"maria-fernanda-gomez-lorenzo",fullName:"Maria-Fernanda Gómez Lorenzo"},{id:"120721",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose Antonio",surname:"Miron Canelo",slug:"jose-antonio-miron-canelo",fullName:"Jose Antonio Miron Canelo"},{id:"346684",title:"Prof.",name:"Elena",surname:"Iglesias De Sena",slug:"elena-iglesias-de-sena",fullName:"Elena Iglesias De Sena"},{id:"347161",title:"Prof.",name:"Luz Celia",surname:"Fernández Martín",slug:"luz-celia-fernandez-martin",fullName:"Luz Celia Fernández Martín"}],corrections:null},{id:"76548",title:"Ethical Issues Which Have Prevented the U.S. from Maximizing Quality of Life Years",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97561",slug:"ethical-issues-which-have-prevented-the-u-s-from-maximizing-quality-of-life-years",totalDownloads:161,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The cost of healthcare interventions varies greatly with age, with a significant fraction of cost being spent in the last two years of life. Treating a child can save orders of magnitude more life-years than an octogenarian treated for the same disease, such as cancer. While Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) can be used to plan a roadmap for how resources should be expended to maximize quality of life the execution of those plans often fail due to societal norms which trump the carefully measured QALYs, resulting in lowered average number and/or quality of years lived. The ethical issues concerning age, sex, lifestyle (smoking, drinking, obesity), cost transparency, and extreme examples (war, population explosion vs. collapse) will be discussed.",signatures:"Sage Arbor",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/76548",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/76548",authors:[{id:"245319",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sage",surname:"Arbor",slug:"sage-arbor",fullName:"Sage Arbor"}],corrections:null},{id:"76493",title:"Assessment of Pain, Acceptance of Illness, Adjustment to Life and Strategies of Coping with the Illness in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97325",slug:"assessment-of-pain-acceptance-of-illness-adjustment-to-life-and-strategies-of-coping-with-the-illnes",totalDownloads:141,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cancer causing death in the world. The prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer is relatively low, which may be reflected in the patients’ lack of acceptance of the illness and passive attitudes towards the illness. The aim of the study was to evaluate the strategy of coping with pain and its control, acceptance of the illness and adjustment to life with cancer in patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. Forty-six patients with pancreatic cancer were included in the study. They were treated as outpatients at the Center of Oncology at Maria Skłodowska-Curie’s Institute in Warsaw between 2017 and 2018. The questionnaire included four psychometric tests: BPCQ, CSQ, AIS and MiniMAC. In the BPCQ test the highest average test result was obtained by “internal factors” (M = 16.85; SD = 5.64). The most frequently chosen strategies for coping with pain are praying/hoping (M = 22.33; SD = 7.85). The average illness acceptance score was 23.13 (SD = 7.84). The most common methods of psychological adjustment to cancer for the studied group are the strategies of positive re-evaluation (M = 20.07, SD = 3.67). Patients with pancreatic cancer have a low level of acceptance of their illness.",signatures:"Urszula Religioni, Aleksandra Czerw, Anna M. Badowska-Kozakiewicz, Michał Budzik and Andrzej Deptała",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/76493",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/76493",authors:[{id:"186172",title:"Dr.",name:"Aleksandra",surname:"Czerw",slug:"aleksandra-czerw",fullName:"Aleksandra Czerw"},{id:"230329",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",surname:"Badowska-Kozakiewicz",slug:"anna-badowska-kozakiewicz",fullName:"Anna Badowska-Kozakiewicz"},{id:"241210",title:"Dr.",name:"Michał",surname:"Budzik",slug:"michal-budzik",fullName:"Michał Budzik"},{id:"337022",title:"Dr.",name:"Urszula",surname:"Religioni",slug:"urszula-religioni",fullName:"Urszula Religioni"},{id:"337023",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrzej",surname:"Deptała",slug:"andrzej-deptala",fullName:"Andrzej Deptała"}],corrections:null},{id:"77739",title:"Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99179",slug:"predictors-of-health-related-quality-of-life-among-patients-with-diabetes-mellitus",totalDownloads:145,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The health of general population cannot be well characterized from the analyses of mortality and morbidity statistics alone, particularly for patients of chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus. It is equally important to contemplate health in terms of people’s assessment of their sense of well-being and ability to perform social roles. A number of reasons are there to measure the health-related quality of life among patients with diabetes mellitus. For one thing, diabetes patients are highly interested in functional capacity and well-being. On the other hand, patients in the same clinical manifestations might have different responses. Either general or specific instruments could be utilized to measure the health-related quality of life of diabetes patients. Choice of the instrument depends on time of the measurement, validity of the instrument and the interpretability. In Ethiopia, short form 36 (SF-36) instruments were utilized and the highest (63.2 ± 34.4) and the lowest (30.2 ± 22.9) mean score scored in physical functioning and general health domain respectively. The study indicated that age, sex, marital status, educational status, feeling of stigmatized, co-morbidity status, chronic complication and body mass index are some of the predictors of health-related quality of life for patients living with diabetes mellitus.",signatures:"Bikila Regassa Feyisa",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/77739",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/77739",authors:[{id:"335491",title:"Mr.",name:"Bikila Regassa",surname:"Feyisa",slug:"bikila-regassa-feyisa",fullName:"Bikila Regassa Feyisa"}],corrections:null},{id:"76558",title:"Quality of Life in Patients with Skin Disease and Their Cohabitants",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.97450",slug:"quality-of-life-in-patients-with-skin-disease-and-their-cohabitants",totalDownloads:246,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Health evaluation implies assess multidimensional aspects of a person’s development, such as physical, social, psychological, and emotional features. It is important to consider all these factors to apply a needs-oriented each patient approach. Chronic skin diseases have a great impact on quality of life, even more than other chronic conditions. For example, hidradenitis suppurativa is estimated to impair quality of life more than cardiovascular disease, lung disease or endocrine diseases. Multiple tools have been developed to measure health-related quality of life in patient, being the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) the most used. Psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, acne, atopic dermatitis and hair disorders are those with the greatest impact on patients’ quality of life. Moreover, chronic skin conditions impair not only patients’ quality of life, but also cohabitants. Nevertheless, there is scarce information regarding the impact on their cohabitants. So, the objective of this chapter is to review the literature to assess the psychological and social effects of dermatological conditions both on patients and cohabitants.",signatures:"Trinidad Montero-Vílchez, Manuel Sánchez-Díaz, Antonio Martínez-López and Salvador Arias-Santiago",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/76558",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/76558",authors:[{id:"335619",title:"M.D.",name:"Trinidad",surname:"Montero-Vílchez",slug:"trinidad-montero-vilchez",fullName:"Trinidad Montero-Vílchez"},{id:"336507",title:"Dr.",name:"Salvador",surname:"Arias-Santiago",slug:"salvador-arias-santiago",fullName:"Salvador Arias-Santiago"},{id:"345407",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",surname:"Martinez-López",slug:"antonio-martinez-lopez",fullName:"Antonio Martinez-López"},{id:"345408",title:"Mr.",name:"Manuel",surname:"Sánchez-Díaz",slug:"manuel-sanchez-diaz",fullName:"Manuel Sánchez-Díaz"}],corrections:null},{id:"78177",title:"Psychological Intervention Based on Psychoneuroimmunology in Children and Adults",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99501",slug:"psychological-intervention-based-on-psychoneuroimmunology-in-children-and-adults",totalDownloads:218,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a field that has developed significantly during the last three decades; it has come to scientifically demonstrate the importance of the mind in the prevention, development and treatment of diseases. Throughout this chapter, we describe the evolution of PNI, the interaction of these systems to actively develop them, not only in adults but also in children. Similarly, it explains the influence of stress on the health of the individual and the importance of knowledge of psychoneuroimmunology to achieve the proper management of disease and quality of life. It also accounts for how psychological interventions have been proven effective and can serve as a model for researching and treating other diseases.",signatures:"Margarita del Valle Chacin Fuenmayor and Josymar Chacin de Fernandez",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/78177",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/78177",authors:[{id:"336651",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Margarita",surname:"del Valle Chacin Fuenmayor",slug:"margarita-del-valle-chacin-fuenmayor",fullName:"Margarita del Valle Chacin Fuenmayor"},{id:"336656",title:"Dr.",name:"Josymar",surname:"Chacin de Fernandez",slug:"josymar-chacin-de-fernandez",fullName:"Josymar Chacin de Fernandez"}],corrections:null},{id:"75347",title:"Poverty and Social Psychology: The Importance of Integrative Manner",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95833",slug:"poverty-and-social-psychology-the-importance-of-integrative-manner",totalDownloads:460,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"As one of the most important social problems in the world, poverty has been studied by various disciplines. Although poverty is a basic subject of economics, it has also become one of the prominent research fields of social sciences in recent years. Poverty also relates to many psychological processes and mechanisms just as in the other social problems in the world. It is assumed that the social-psychological approach to poverty may contribute to establishing different road maps in combating poverty. Therefore this study aims at contributing to poverty reduction efforts from the social-psychological point of view by providing an integrative review of the social psychological correlates of poverty based on the empirical findings. Also, by including arguments such as social identity, migration, ideology and social context in poverty studies to be conducted with a social psychological perspective, a contribution can be made to poverty reduction with multidimensional research methods.",signatures:"Filiz Çömez Polat",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/75347",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/75347",authors:[{id:"326171",title:"Dr.",name:"Filiz",surname:"Çömez Polat",slug:"filiz-comez-polat",fullName:"Filiz Çömez Polat"}],corrections:null},{id:"74840",title:"Zambia’s Poorest Progressively Left Behind: Well-Being Denied",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95570",slug:"zambia-s-poorest-progressively-left-behind-well-being-denied",totalDownloads:243,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"After Independence in 1964, the government of Zambia set out to fashion a national of equals. In this, the school was seen to be a key strategy along the lines of the modernisation route to development. Initially, this seemed to be well directed but within a short time it was evident that this mode of schooling was elitist, promoting division between ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots.’ Today, the country is greatly divided between those who are well-off and those who are not. This article traces the path to this outcome historically.",signatures:"Brendan P. Carmody",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/74840",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/74840",authors:[{id:"325313",title:"Prof.",name:"Brendan P.",surname:"Carmody",slug:"brendan-p.-carmody",fullName:"Brendan P. Carmody"}],corrections:null},{id:"80511",title:"Living with Violence and Its Relationship with Executive Function in Childhood and Adolescence: Literature Review",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101470",slug:"living-with-violence-and-its-relationship-with-executive-function-in-childhood-and-adolescence-liter",totalDownloads:86,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The purpose of this article is to conduct a literature review of studies that have investigated the relationship between violence and the development of executive function (EF) in children and adolescents. A search was carried out in the PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, BVS, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and Gale databases with the following descriptors; violence, executive functions, child, children, adolescence, an adolescent. A total of 486 articles, published in the last 10 years, were found. After reading the abstracts and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight articles remain that are related to the topic. It was found that all the studies investigated the relationship of abuse in children and adolescents. Diversity was also observed in terms of the EF components evaluated as well as in the instruments for assessing EF. Moreover, seven of the eight studies established that victimization impairs EF.",signatures:"Daniela Sacramento Zanini, Larissa de Oliveira e Ferreira and Karina Ferreira Leao Junqueira",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/80511",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/80511",authors:[{id:"60299",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniela",surname:"Sacramento Zanini",slug:"daniela-sacramento-zanini",fullName:"Daniela Sacramento Zanini"},{id:"345299",title:"Dr.",name:"Larissa",surname:"de Oliveira e Ferreira",slug:"larissa-de-oliveira-e-ferreira",fullName:"Larissa de Oliveira e Ferreira"},{id:"345300",title:"Dr.",name:"Karina",surname:"Ferreira Leao Junqueira",slug:"karina-ferreira-leao-junqueira",fullName:"Karina Ferreira Leao Junqueira"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7158",title:"Strategies to Reduce Hospital Mortality in Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and Resource-Limited Settings",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"28578ca86344aba6996b5c666d6c9359",slug:"strategies-to-reduce-hospital-mortality-in-lower-and-middle-income-countries-lmics-and-resource-limited-settings",bookSignature:"Jasneth Mullings, Camille-Ann Thoms-Rodriguez, Affette M. McCaw-Binns and Tomlin Paul",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7158.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"248594",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jasneth",surname:"Mullings",slug:"jasneth-mullings",fullName:"Jasneth Mullings"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1673",title:"Evidence Based Medicine",subtitle:"Closer to Patients or Scientists?",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d767dfe22c65317eab3fd9ff465cb877",slug:"evidence-based-medicine-closer-to-patients-or-scientists-",bookSignature:"Nikolaos M. 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Prague",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}},{id:"338781",title:"Dr.",name:"Vratislav",middleName:null,surname:"Fabian",fullName:"Vratislav Fabian",slug:"vratislav-fabian",email:"fabian@medicton.com",position:null,institution:{name:"Czech Technical University in Prague",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Czech Republic"}}}]},book:{id:"10228",title:"Dyslexia",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Dyslexia",slug:"dyslexia",publishedDate:"June 16th 2021",bookSignature:"Jonathan Glazzard and Samuel Stones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10228.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"294281",title:"Prof.",name:"Jonathan",middleName:null,surname:"Glazzard",slug:"jonathan-glazzard",fullName:"Jonathan Glazzard"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"11695",leadTitle:null,title:"Biomechanical and Mechanobiological Analysis of Bone Mineral Density",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"\r\n\tBone mineral density (BMD) measures the percentage of inorganic minerals in the bones. BMD represents one of the most informative assessments of bone quality and strength in biomechanical and clinical studies. BMD depends on several factors, such as age, sex, disease, genetics, lifestyle as well as bone mechanobiology (cellular activities and bone remodeling process), which directly affect bone mass and density. Low BMD is directly associated with osteoporosis and a high risk of bone fracture.
\r\n\r\n\tThere are several techniques for measuring and qualifying BMD, such as single and dual-energy photon absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Each has advantages and limitations, depending on the objective of the analysis and the bone site to be examined. Modeling and simulation are also widely used to understand and study the variation and evolution of BMD, mechanical behavior, and the risk of bone fracture.
\r\n\r\n\tThis book aims to represent a collection of original research works, literature reviews, and technical notes related to topics that deal with bone mineral density:
\r\n\t- BMD measurement technology
\r\n\t- Osteoporosis and fracture risk
\r\n\t- Bone growth and remodeling
\r\n\t
\r\n\tThe submission is also open to any other original study related to these research topics.
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites found in high concentrations in vascular florae and minor amounts in lichens. They get to build up in all structures and matters at various periods of expansion and in response to conservational factors. These compounds are of prodigious significance to social nourishment and wellbeing, and their many characteristics in plant progress and variation in the atmosphere. They do help in the organoleptic eminence of plant-derived goods, as well as being helpful to social wellbeing and cell aging anticipation. Increased consumption of vegetables and fruits has been known to protect against cancer and cardiovascular disease. These are a major class of natural antioxidants found in a plant-based diet and may have a role in this protective effect. Fruits (cherry, grapes, and apple), vegetables (onion, broccoli, and spinach), beverages (coffee and tea), soy products, and basils are all good sources of flavonoids [1]. They can be found inside the cells of all plant tissues as well as on the exteriors of many plant tissues. The phenylpropanoid unit, C6C3, is a common building component in the carbon skeleton of these phenols. This route creates a wide range of plant phenols during biosynthesis. The molecular structure of this class of composites is created on a diphenyl propane (C6-C3-C6) skeleton with 2 aromatic rings joined by a 3-carbon “bridge” to form a 6-member heterocyclic ring. Flavonoids are classified into 3 groups based on the aromatic ring’s link to the heterocyclic ring: flavonoids (2-phenylbenzopyrans), isoflavonoids (3-phenylbenzopyrans), and neoflavonoids (4-phenylbenzopyrans) [2]. They can be separated into numerous sets based on the degree of oxidation and saturation in the heterocyclic C-ring, as shown in Figure 1. Hydroxylation occurs in positions 3, 5, 7, 3′, 4′, and/or 5′ in flavonoids. Methylated, acylated, prenylated, or sulfated hydroxyl groups are frequently found. Flavonoids are commonly found in plants as O- or C-glycosides. Sugar substituents are destined to a hydroxyl group of the aglycone, commonly at site 3 or 7, in O-glycosides, whereas saccharide groups are connected to a carbon of the aglycone typically at site C6 or C8 in C-glycosides. Rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose are the most common saccharides. Plant metabolism, defense, signaling, disease, and symbiosis all benefit from flavonoids [3, 4]. These chemicals are accountable for floral color and are implicated in stress retort mechanisms, such as UV-B radiation [5, 6], microbial infection [7], and herbivore attacks by animals and insects [8].
Subclasses of flavonoids.
Polyphenols are a wide class of phenolic chemicals that includes flavonoids. Phenolic chemicals were important during evolution because they helped plants for the adaptation to life on land. At least 6000 molecules make up the flavonoid family, which could be split into, aurones, phlobaphenes, isoflavonoids, flavonols, flavones, anthocyanins, and flavonols [9]. The general phenylpropanoid route is utilized to produce these compounds from the starting compound phenylalanine. Several divisions of the general phenylpropanoid pathway supply precursors for synthesizing hundreds of chemicals. Lignins are structural polymers that give the secondary cell wall strength and stiffness and are necessary for waterproofing vascular cells [10]. Anthocyanin pigments are generated from the flavylium cation (2-phenyl benzo pyrylium) and are glycosylated anthocyanidin precursors, as shown below in Figure 2.
Biosynthetic route for phenolic compounds.
This subgroup contains at least 400 molecules that range in hue dependent on pH, co-pigmentation, obtainable positive metallic ion, and backbone alterations. The color ranges from orange-red to purple. They are synthesized in the ground plasm and subsequently stored in the follicle. They are also present in cell membranes, chloroplasts, centers, and even the extracellular space, depending on the plant types, material, or phase of progress. Flavonoids, and phenolic chemicals, play a role in biotic stress resistance [11]. Since most of these chemicals have antibacterial and pesticide capabilities, serving as a vile and preventing pest progress and change, they may be constitutively produced or gather in retort to the bacterial incursion. In addition to their many activities in plants, Flavonoids have a wide range of medical, pharmacological, and nutritional qualities, earning them the moniker “nutraceutical” chemicals [12]. These metabolites provide promise for the prevention of a variety of illnesses, including cancer. They cause cancer cells to die, stimulate DNA repair, protect them from oxidative stress, and prevent cancer cells from multiplying [13].
In the uptake of flavonoids, two major compartments must be considered. The first compartment contains tissues such as the small intestine, liver, and kidneys. The colon is the body’s second compartment (Figure 3). Flavonoids that have been consumed and then released with bile will make their way to the colon. Although around 40% of the absorbed ()-catechin was released in rats, the role of biliary secretion in humans is unclear in the small intestine with bile [14]. Metabolism of flavonoids in tissues and in the colon is discussed below in detail.
Compartments involved in the metabolism of plant phenols.
Biotransformation enzymes operate on flavonoids in the first compartment, including the small intestine and liver. Flavonol biotransformation enzymes can also be found in the kidney. Flavonoids and their colonic metabolites have been found to have polar hydroxyl groups conjugated with sulfate, glucuronic acid, or glycine [15]. Furthermore, O-methylation of flavonoids and their colonic metabolites by the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase is significant in the inactivation of the catechol moiety, that is, the two contiguous (ortho) aromatic hydroxyl groups. The conjugation reactions are exceedingly efficient in humans, as indicated by the fact that flavonoids primarily appear as conjugates in plasma and urine and that flavonoid aglycones in plasma are difficult to detect since they are mainly below the analytical methods’ detection limits. Differential (HPLC) tests demonstrate the existence of flavonoid conjugates in humans, including O-methylated couples, with and deprived of hydrolysis of the model with a combination of b-glucuronidases and sulfatases: flavonols, flavones, catechins, flavanones, and anthocyanins. Anthocyanins, on the other hand, take a diverse approach. The indication is mounting that anthocyanidin glycosides can tolerate deglycosylation events in humans, at least in part. LC-MS [16] has revealed the presence of peonidin-3-glucoside, as well as peonidin-3-sambubioside [17] and pelargonidin-3-glucoside in urine.
Microbes break down the flavonoid fragment, splitting the flavonoid core, i.e., heterocyclic oxygen-containing ring, and the breakdown products are detected in urine and plasma. Several hydroxylated phenyl carboxylic acids are among them. Flavonols are broken down into phenylacetic acids and phenyl propionic acids. However, the effects of these phenyl propionic acids have yet to be proven in humans [18, 19]. In bodily tissues, these phenyl carboxylic acids are extra degraded by bacteria and transformed by enzymes. The phenyl propionic acids will be oxidized to benzoic acids as a result. Although roughly 60 possible phenolic acid metabolites were recognized and measured, only a small amount of phenolic acids were discovered. Hippuric acid, the glycine ester of benzoic acid, was an actual significant metabolite in people who had subsequent tea consumption [19, 20]. Microorganisms in the colon have been found to show an imperative role in the conversion of flavonoids to phenolic acids. Colonic bacteria generate glucuronidases, glycosidases, and sulfatases, which can shred flavonoid conjugates of their sugar moieties, glucuronic acids, and sulfates, in addition to the destruction of the flavonoid ring structure O-glycosides and C-glycosides that could be hydrolyzed by human gut bacteria [21].
Flavonols were the initial to be examined, and human urine excretion was found to be quite modest. Only 0.1 percent to 3.6% of quercetin in the diet was eliminated in urine as quercetin conjugates. The sum of complete quercetin in blood plasma will be correlated with urinary excretion. Because the fascination of quercetin glucosides is high (up to 50%), while the evacuation of whole quercetin in urine is low, this indicates that quercetin undergoes substantial metabolism. Additional subclasses were investigated with helpers, and urine evacuation of metabolites with intact flavonoid structures was measured. Isoflavones have the highest rate of excretion of all flavonoids. Although isoflavones have a high bioavailability, flavonols glucosides have a higher bioavailability but a lower urine elimination. This would suggest that with isoflavones, the ring arrangement’s metabolic modification level is less than through flavonols.
Plant metabolites containing one oxygenated ring and two aromatic rings are known as flavonoids. Flavonoids are categorized depending on the degree of oxidation of their carbon rings; they can then undergo glycosylations, hydroxylations, acylations, methylations, or prenylations to modify their properties. As a result of these modifications, a new emergence of a huge number of different chemicals with varied functions in plants has occurred. UV wavelengths absorb all flavonoids, which are mostly present in the epidermis of plant cells and are produced in response to UV exposure. As a result, it has been proposed that they shield plants from this type of radiation. Anthocyanins, which absorb light in the visible range, are an example of flavonoids that absorb light at various wavelengths. Furthermore, certain flavonoids have antioxidant properties, which implies they serve as reactive oxygen species scavengers. However, most findings to date have remained based on in vitro studies, with little indication of how their functions are carried out in real life. In this assessment, we discuss recent advances in the study of the role of flavonols, flavones, and anthocyanins, three of the most prevalent flavonoids, in protecting plants from UV and high light exposure [22].
Topical delivery is one of the greatest popular methods for overcoming the disadvantages of other methods such as parenteral, oral, and so on. Oral distribution of phytochemicals is undesired due to the drug’s distinctive flavor and odor, as well as the possibility of gastrointestinal (GI) breakdown until absorption [23].
Flavonols are O-glycosidic, ketonic chemicals with a 3-position sugar fraction. Flavonols are antioxidants that prevent the development of ROS. Due to UV, ozone radiation, and other damaging substances, the skin is the most prevalent target for oxidative stress. The combination of conjugated double bonds in the C-ring and adjacent hydroxyl groups in the B-ring gives flavonols their antioxidant properties [24]. Quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and other compounds are included in this class.
Quercetin is a flavonol in various foods, including leafy greens, citrus fruits, berries, and other fruits and vegetables. Quercetin inhibits edema, leukocyte production, and irritation. It helps reconstruct the skin’s structure by endorsing the synthesis of new collagen fibers and generating ground substances [25]. Inflammatory mediators such as interleukins (IL) and prostaglandins (PGs), which are generated by COX, LOX, and LPS, are likewise suppressed by quercetin. The enzyme nitric oxide synthase, which also creates reactive nitrogen species like peroxynitrite, produces nitric oxide (NO), an inflammatory mediator. Quercetin is an antioxidant that prevents oxidative stress by inhibiting all of the mediators that cause it [26]. It avoids cell death by inhibiting the caspase-3 pathway and lowers mast cell development by inhibiting mast cell synthesis has an anti-allergic impact on histidine decarboxylase, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1).
Kaempferol is primarily present in berries and plants of the allium and brassica family. It has antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties. It works as an anti-inflammatory drug by inhibiting NO synthase, which produces NO, a pro-inflammatory mediator. With the help of nuclear factor-inducing kinase (NIK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), it also suppresses (NF-kappa B) [27]. It also inhibits COX-2 via decreasing nitric oxide synthase and TNF-, resulting in anti-inflammatory action. However, because kaempferol suffers significant first-pass metabolism and has a bioavailability of about 2%, topical application is preferable. UVB-induced cancer and photo-inflammation are treated with kaempferol, a new drug. It has been tested in skin cancer patients who have high levels of COX 2 enzymes. JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells reduce AP-1 (Activator protein) activity via reducing COX-2. To test for AP-1 transactivation, JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells were transfected with a luciferase reporter plasmid containing AP-1, and it was discovered that kaempferol reduces COX and AP-1 activities in a dose-dependent way, assisting in anticancer activity. The protooncogene tyrosine protein-kinase Src (Src) is a protooncogene that plays a key role in cell propagation, differentiation, and survival. Src activity is inhibited by kaempferol, which strives with ATP for the Src requisite position.
Consequent to the flavones origin, these fragrant ketones in citrus fruits like oranges and lemons. As a byproduct of citrus farming, a substantial quantity of hesperidin is produced. They are cytotoxic and inhibit tumor development; therefore, they might be used as anticancer drugs. Flavanones also serve as an anti-inflammatory and constrain protein tyrosine kinase, affecting cell development, distinction, mitosis, and death [28].
Hesperidin has anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and other properties. The aglycone component of hesperidin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by intruding with arachidonic acid, inhibiting COX and LOX enzymes, and limiting inflammatory mediator production [29]. It can whiten skin by reducing hyperpigmentation caused by UV radiation. Hesperetin and hesperidin generate anti-allergic action by constraining the issue of histamine from mast cells. They can also lower HMG CoA reductase and acyl CoA levels, resulting in a hypolipidemic effect. Hesperetin has a log P value ranging from 1.7 to 2.20, making it lipophilic and hard to absorb orally.
Naringenin has numerous properties, including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. It demonstrates antioxidants. MC1R: Melanocortin 1 receptor, MSH: Melanocyte stimulating hormone, MiTF: Microphthalmia associated transcription factor, Type-1: Tyrosinase related protein 1, Type-2: Tyrosinase related protein 2, ASIP: Agouti signaling protein] [− MSH: Melanocyte stimulating hormone, MC1R: Melanocortin 1 receptor, MiTF: Microphthalmia associated transcription factor, Type-2: Tyrosina Journal of Controlled Release 296 (2019) 190–201 R.L. Nagula, S. Wairkar 195 acts via chelating metal ions and constraining xanthine oxidase, averting oxygen radical generation and lipid peroxidation. It can also scavenge ROS through the ▬OH substitution. Because naringenin is hydrophobic and has low solubility and bioavailability, it can be used topically to create an effective formulation [30].
They are not to be mistaken with flavonol since they lack the ketone group. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, proanthocyanidins, and other members of this class are included. Tea, chocolate, and a variety of vegetables and fruits contain them naturally [31]. The FDA, for use in a variety of medicinal formulations, has approved catechins and their derivatives.
Catechins have antioxidant, photoprotective, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, among others. Epigallocatechin and epicatechin are abundant in grape seed extract and tea polyphenols. By scavenging free radicals, it has an antioxidant action [32]. Anti-inflammatory action is induced via inhibiting the COX enzyme, NO, PGs, and H2O2 production. Catechins help wounds heal faster by foraging free radicals at the wound site.
Anthocyanins are colorful glycosylated, water-soluble pigments that give fruits and vegetables their blue, red, and purple hues. They have been revealed to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and depigmentation qualities in numerous scientific research.
Delphinidin contains anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumorigenic, and antiangiogenic effects and is identified to suppress osteoclastogenesis in osteoporosis. Delphinidin inhibits the production of seditious intermediaries such as iNOS, NO, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-, which are produced when LPS inhibits the NF-B pathway and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling [33]. It was tested for psoriasis on flaky skin mice and shown to reduce epidermal thickness. Infiltrating macrophages and caspase 14 downregulation were also seen. Keratin-14, which induces hyperproliferation, was also reduced. By inhibiting keratin-14, delphinidin serves as an antiproliferative. The level of pathological indicators of psoriasis lesions is reduced when delphinidin is applied to flaky mouse skin.
Anthocyanins may play a beneficial role in human health, according to numerous research. They function as neuroprotective agents and have antidiabetic and antiobesity properties. These substances could be helpful in lowering inflammation and protecting the heart [34]. Additionally, they appear to be effective in halting and preventing the spread of cancer. The biological activity of anthocyanins in rats was recently confirmed by a study by Vanzo and colleagues [35], where the ability of anthocyanins to influence mammalian metabolism was shown in an investigation of metabolomic changes in the brain and plasma of adult rats after intravenously administering cy-3- glc [36]. In the blood, kidneys, and liver of rats, it was demonstrated that cy-3-glc changes a number of significant cellular metabolites, including bile acids, glutathione, oxidized glutathione, and certain lipids [35]. Due to the high anthocyanin concentration in blueberries, this fruit may be a food that improves or promotes health. Routray and Orsat [37] provided evidence for this in a study that analyzed a number of factors related to the potential health effects of anthocyanins, emphasizing understanding [35].
Prebiotics present in brown rice, such as arabinoxylan and -glucan, are advantageous for the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus that make up the human gut microbiota. They are thought to play a part in creating an anti-obesity impact. Additionally, brown rice was employed as a preventative measure for type 2 diabetes due to its antidiabetic benefits. This is probably because one of their constituents, −oryzanol, is crucial in regulating the ER stress brought on by a high-fat diet in the hypothalamus, which aids in lowering the desire for fatty foods. Additionally, brown rice’s oryzanol has been shown to lower blood cholesterol levels and stop pancreatic cells from dying. Through their antioxidant action, dietary rice brans, which give brown rice its brown color, also demonstrate powerful anticancer properties [37, 38].
Accepting the complex control of flavonoid production has apparent implications, such as the generation of distinct flower colors and fruit types with appealing esthetic and/or agronomic traits, thereby increasing natural selection that has happened from the beginning of time. Petunia an1 (bHLH) or an2 (MYB) variations, morning glory Ipivs (bHLH), c (InMYB1), and ca (InWDR1) mutants, and gentian GtMYB3 mutants have all been characterized as having flowers with a diversity of coloration produced by mutations in the encrypting arrangement of one or more components of the MBW composite. An alteration produces the lack of coloration in fruits in the coding arrangement of the MYB genetic factor VvMYBA2 and MrMYB1, as well as a jumping gene pullout in the promoter of the MYBA1 gene. Grape berry and Chinese bayberry are two examples. Manipulation of flavonoid production to produce fruit and vegetables high in antioxidants and nutritious components, befitting the moniker “superfruit. Nutraceuticals,” would be of prodigious importance to human wellbeing than ever [39]. Anthocyanin accumulation was caused by the ectopic appearance of the MYB-encoding gene LeANT1 in tomato skin and subepidermal cell layers. Likewise, co-expression of the bHLH Delila and MYB Rosea 1 genes below the regulator of the fruit-specific promoter E8 resulted in a significant upsurge in anthocyanin pigments in the flesh and skin resulting in dark purple fruits. Their lifespan was significantly increased when cancer-prone p53 knockout mice were given these transgenic tomatoes. This study is the first step in developing fruits that are high in flavonoid bioactive components and might be part of a healthy daily diet. MdMYB10 and IbMYB1 are two genes that control anthocyanin accumulation in apples [40]. This flavonoid is found by modifying the expression of these commonly eaten foods. The content of these foods might be raised. In tomatoes, constitutive expression of ZmLc, Delila, and MYC-RP/GP led to anthocyanin accumulation in aerial tissues and roots, suggesting that plant transformation with bHLH transcription factors may be investigated. Finally, increasing PA content in forage crops (mainly alfalfa and clover) may assist in preventing pasture bloat in ruminant animals by delaying fermentation in the rumen. PA accumulation may arise from overexpression of ZmLc in alfalfa leaves. Overexpression of ZmSn in the bird’s foot trefoil increased PA biogenesis and anthocyanin accumulation in certain leaf areas. However, constitutive expression of a transgene in many circumstances under Ecological pressure, such as cold and bright light, is necessary since a heterologous system is insufficient to stimulate flavonoid accumulation automatically. In Arabidopsis 35S::PAP1 plants, for example, poor growth circumstances led to the downregulation of positive regulators and the overexpression of putative transcriptional repressors AtMYB6, AtMYB3, and AtMYBL2 [41].
We currently have extraordinary knowledge about how different chemical components in plants are controlled in abundance, thanks to the recent rapid development of metabolomics and the use of varied populations for genetic mapping [42]. In a population of rice Zhenshan 97 and Minghui 63 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), metabolic QTL were discovered using high-throughput genotyping and metabolomics data, and some of the candidate genes for flavonoid content were further validated by looking at over-expression transgenic rice lines [43]. Flavonol 3-O-gentiobioside 7-O-rhamnoside (F3GG7R) synthesis in an Arabidopsis RIL population has recently been linked to a novel gene (BETA GLUCOSIDASE 6; BGLU6) [44, 45]. Following genome wide association studies (GWAS) on a diverse maize population that revealed the genetic effects underpinning metabolic heterogeneity, hundreds of loci related with metabolites from numerous pathways, including flavonoid metabolism, were found in maize [46]. The co-expression and direct target genes of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor P1 were also studied using near isogenic lines (NILs) carrying P1-rr and P1-ww. This discovery marked a significant advancement in our understanding of P1’s gene regulation circuitry because targeted molecular tests showed that P1 regulates some well-known genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, such as FLS1 and A1 [47]. The corn earworm (
Over the last 5 years, our understanding of the metabolism of entire subclasses of flavonoids has progressively improved. Flavonoids are probable nutraceuticals abundantly distributed in vegetables and fruits, given the special focus on wellbeing and illness anticipation over stable nourishment incorporating ordinary goods. This information is crucial for fully assessing their possible health implications, and it still needs to be expanded. We still need to explore information on the quantities and metabolic forms of flavonoids that tissues and cells get exposed to after their consumption. The next stage is investigating possible biological impacts at the tissue and cellular levels. New genomic approaches will open up a world of possibilities in this discipline. Knowing which metabolites will reach tissues and cells, at what concentrations, and to what extent they will be taken up and changed in cells after a flavonoid-rich diet is crucial. The high-throughput genomics technologies will then help us better understand how flavonoids influence metabolic paths and, as a result, improve social health.
The authors are thankful to the Institute of the Pharmaceutical Technology, Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests to declare.
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
HPLC | High Performance Liquid Chromatography |
LC-MS | Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry |
UV | ultra violet |
GI | gastro intestinal |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
IL | interleukins |
PGs | prostaglandins |
COX | cyclooxygenase |
LOX | lipoxygenase |
LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
NO | nitric oxide |
MCP | monocyte chemoattractant protein |
NIK | nuclear factor-inducing kinase |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
PAs | proanthocyanidins |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
AP | activator protein |
Src proto | oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase |
ATP | adenosine tri phosphate |
HMG-CoA β | hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA |
MC1R | melanocortin 1 receptor |
MSH | melanocyte stimulating hormone |
MiTF | microphthalmia associated transcription factor |
ASIP | agouti signaling protein |
MiTF | microphthalmia associated transcription factor |
FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
MEK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
TFs | transcription factors |
BGLU6 | beta glucosidase 6 |
F3G | flavonol 3-O-glucoside |
FLS1 | flavonoid 7-O-glucoside; FLS1 |
BGLU6 | beta glucosidase |
F3GG7R | flavonol 3-O-gentiobioside 7-O-rhamnoside |
NILs | near isogenic lines |
sm1 | Salmon silks 1 |
sm2 | Salmon silks 2 |
GWAS | genome wide association studies |
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Integrity - We are consistent and dependable, always striving for precision and accuracy in the true spirit of science.
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\n\nIntechOpen is a dynamic, vibrant company, where exceptional people are achieving great things. We offer a creative, dedicated, committed, and passionate environment but never lose sight of the fact that science and discovery is exciting and rewarding. We constantly strive to ensure that members of our community can work, travel, meet world-renowned researchers and grow their own career and develop their own experiences.
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Advances in aeronautical engineering have enabled next-generation aircraft to operate well beyond the natural limits of human endurance. Although the demand for unmanned systems is increasing exponentially, continued use of manned aircraft is still desirable within civilian and military operations for various safety and security reasons. With the continued presence of pilots in cockpits, future aircraft designers will require a basic understanding of the unique physiological factors affecting human performance in this domain. 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The forces acting on the spacecraft will be considered, along with the implications of conservation of energy. The fundamentals of orbital mechanics will be presented, so common orbits can be visualized and discussed in terms of the six classical orbital elements. Perturbations impacting the orbit are covered for a better understanding of how orbits change over time. The inertial frame of reference will be defined and then transformed into body coordinates of the satellite using the direction cosine matrix and quaternions to describe the attitude of the spacecraft. A variety of modern attitude control techniques will be developed in the following chapters.",book:{id:"7761",slug:"advances-in-spacecraft-attitude-control",title:"Advances in Spacecraft Attitude Control",fullTitle:"Advances in Spacecraft Attitude Control"},signatures:"Henry Travis",authors:[{id:"290765",title:"Mr.",name:"Henry",middleName:null,surname:"Travis",slug:"henry-travis",fullName:"Henry Travis"}]},{id:"56312",title:"Design and Development of Aerial Robotic Systems for Sampling Operations in Industrial Environment",slug:"design-and-development-of-aerial-robotic-systems-for-sampling-operations-in-industrial-environment",totalDownloads:1480,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"This chapter describes the development of an autonomous fluid sampling system for outdoor facilities, and the localization solution to be used. 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To conclude, results from experiments performed with simulated data and real data captured with a prototype UAV are presented and discussed.",book:{id:"5847",slug:"aerial-robots-aerodynamics-control-and-applications",title:"Aerial Robots",fullTitle:"Aerial Robots - Aerodynamics, Control and Applications"},signatures:"Rodrigo Munguia, Edmundo Guerra, Sarquis Urzua, Yolanda Bolea\nand Antoni Grau",authors:[{id:"13038",title:"Prof.",name:"Antoni",middleName:null,surname:"Grau",slug:"antoni-grau",fullName:"Antoni Grau"},{id:"18024",title:"Dr.",name:"Yolanda",middleName:null,surname:"Bolea",slug:"yolanda-bolea",fullName:"Yolanda Bolea"},{id:"163432",title:"Dr.",name:"Rodrigo",middleName:null,surname:"Munguia",slug:"rodrigo-munguia",fullName:"Rodrigo Munguia"},{id:"165970",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Edmundo",middleName:null,surname:"Guerra",slug:"edmundo-guerra",fullName:"Edmundo Guerra"},{id:"201103",title:"Mr.",name:"Sarquis",middleName:null,surname:"Urzua",slug:"sarquis-urzua",fullName:"Sarquis Urzua"}]},{id:"61403",title:"Aircraft Gas-Turbine Engine with Coolant Injection for Effective Thrust Augmentation as Controlled Object",slug:"aircraft-gas-turbine-engine-with-coolant-injection-for-effective-thrust-augmentation-as-controlled-o",totalDownloads:1435,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:5,abstract:"This chapter deals with some intensive methods regarding aircraft gas-turbine-engine performance enhancement, which are suitable alternatives for the most common temporarily thrust increasing method—the afterburning. Coolant injection method, into the compressor or into the combustor, realizes the desired thrust increase for a short period, when the flight conditions or other aircraft necessities require this. Both methods were studied from aircraft engine’s point of view, considering it as controlled object. New engine’s mathematical model was built up, following the thermo- and gas-dynamics changes and some quality studies were performed, based on engine’s time behavior simulations; some control options and schemes were also studied. Quantitative studies were based on the model of an existing turbo-engine; mathematical model’s coefficients are both experimentally determined (in the Aerospace Engineering Division labs) as well as estimated based on graphic-analytic methods. This approach and the presented methods could be applied to any other turbo-jet engine and used even in the stage of pre-design of a new engine, to estimate its stability and quality.",book:{id:"6399",slug:"aircraft-technology",title:"Aircraft Technology",fullTitle:"Aircraft Technology"},signatures:"Alexandru Nicolae Tudosie",authors:[{id:"30042",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandru Nicolae",middleName:"Nicolae",surname:"Tudosie",slug:"alexandru-nicolae-tudosie",fullName:"Alexandru Nicolae Tudosie"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"111",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:90,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:107,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:33,numberOfPublishedChapters:330,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:14,numberOfPublishedChapters:145,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:122,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:112,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:21,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:10,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-6580",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",issn:"2633-1403",scope:"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing multidisciplinary research area that aims to solve increasingly complex problems. In today's highly integrated world, AI promises to become a robust and powerful means for obtaining solutions to previously unsolvable problems. This Series is intended for researchers and students alike interested in this fascinating field and its many applications.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/14.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"July 5th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:9,editor:{id:"218714",title:"Prof.",name:"Andries",middleName:null,surname:"Engelbrecht",slug:"andries-engelbrecht",fullName:"Andries Engelbrecht",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRNR8QAO/Profile_Picture_1622640468300",biography:"Andries Engelbrecht received the Masters and PhD degrees in Computer Science from the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, in 1994 and 1999 respectively. He is currently appointed as the Voigt Chair in Data Science in the Department of Industrial Engineering, with a joint appointment as Professor in the Computer Science Division, Stellenbosch University. Prior to his appointment at Stellenbosch University, he has been at the University of Pretoria, Department of Computer Science (1998-2018), where he was appointed as South Africa Research Chair in Artifical Intelligence (2007-2018), the head of the Department of Computer Science (2008-2017), and Director of the Institute for Big Data and Data Science (2017-2018). 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He is a full professor of signal processing and pattern recognition and is head of the Signals and Communications Department at ULPGC, teaching from 2001 on subjects on signal processing and learning theory. His research lines are biometrics, biomedical signals and images, data mining, classification system, signal and image processing, machine learning, and environmental intelligence. He has researched in 52 international and Spanish research projects, some of them as head researcher. He is co-author of 4 books, co-editor of 27 proceedings books, guest editor for 8 JCR-ISI international journals, and up to 24 book chapters. He has over 450 papers published in international journals and conferences (81 of them indexed on JCR – ISI - Web of Science). He has published seven patents in the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office. He has been a supervisor on 8 Ph.D. theses (11 more are under supervision), and 130 master theses. He is the founder of The IEEE IWOBI conference series and the president of its Steering Committee, as well as the founder of both the InnoEducaTIC and APPIS conference series. He is an evaluator of project proposals for the European Union (H2020), Medical Research Council (MRC, UK), Spanish Government (ANECA, Spain), Research National Agency (ANR, France), DAAD (Germany), Argentinian Government, and the Colombian Institutions. He has been a reviewer in different indexed international journals (<70) and conferences (<250) since 2001. He has been a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Image Processing from 2007 and a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems from 2011. \n\nHe has held the general chair position for the following: ACM-APPIS (2020, 2021), IEEE-IWOBI (2019, 2020 and 2020), A PPIS (2018, 2019), IEEE-IWOBI (2014, 2015, 2017, 2018), InnoEducaTIC (2014, 2017), IEEE-INES (2013), NoLISP (2011), JRBP (2012), and IEEE-ICCST (2005)\n\nHe is an associate editor of the Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Journal (Hindawi – Q2 JCR-ISI). He was vice dean from 2004 to 2010 in the Higher Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers at ULPGC and the vice dean of Graduate and Postgraduate Studies from March 2013 to November 2017. He won the “Catedra Telefonica” Awards in Modality of Knowledge Transfer, 2017, 2018, and 2019 editions, and awards in Modality of COVID Research in 2020.\n\nPublic References:\nResearcher ID http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-5967-2014\nORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-2768 \nScopus Author ID https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602376272\nScholar Google https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=G1ks9nIAAAAJ&hl=en \nResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carlos_Travieso",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/23.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"14004",title:"Dr.",name:"Magnus",middleName:null,surname:"Johnsson",slug:"magnus-johnsson",fullName:"Magnus Johnsson",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/14004/images/system/14004.png",biography:"Dr Magnus Johnsson is a cross-disciplinary scientist, lecturer, scientific editor and AI/machine learning consultant from Sweden. \n\nHe is currently at Malmö University in Sweden, but also held positions at Lund University in Sweden and at Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. \nHe holds editorial positions at several international scientific journals and has served as a scientific editor for books and special journal issues. \nHis research interests are wide and include, but are not limited to, autonomous systems, computer modeling, artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive robotics, cognitive architectures, cognitive aids and the philosophy of mind. \n\nDr. Johnsson has experience from working in the industry and he has a keen interest in the application of neural networks and artificial intelligence to fields like industry, finance, and medicine. \n\nWeb page: www.magnusjohnsson.se",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Malmö University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"294154",title:"Prof.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Papakostas",slug:"george-papakostas",fullName:"George Papakostas",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002hYaGbQAK/Profile_Picture_1624519712088",biography:"George A. Papakostas has received a diploma in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1999 and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2002 and 2007, respectively, from the Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Greece. Dr. Papakostas serves as a Tenured Full Professor at the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, Greece. Dr. Papakostas has 10 years of experience in large-scale systems design as a senior software engineer and technical manager, and 20 years of research experience in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Currently, he is the Head of the “Visual Computing” division of HUman-MAchines INteraction Laboratory (HUMAIN-Lab) and the Director of the MPhil program “Advanced Technologies in Informatics and Computers” hosted by the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University. He has (co)authored more than 150 publications in indexed journals, international conferences and book chapters, 1 book (in Greek), 3 edited books, and 5 journal special issues. His publications have more than 2100 citations with h-index 27 (GoogleScholar). His research interests include computer/machine vision, machine learning, pattern recognition, computational intelligence. \nDr. Papakostas served as a reviewer in numerous journals, as a program\ncommittee member in international conferences and he is a member of the IAENG, MIR Labs, EUCogIII, INSTICC and the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"International Hellenic University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"25",title:"Evolutionary Computation",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"136112",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Ventura Soto",slug:"sebastian-ventura-soto",fullName:"Sebastian Ventura Soto",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/136112/images/system/136112.png",biography:"Sebastian Ventura is a Spanish researcher, a full professor with the Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba. Dr Ventura also holds the positions of Affiliated Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, USA) and Distinguished Adjunct Professor at King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Additionally, he is deputy director of the Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI) and heads the Knowledge Discovery and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory. He has published more than ten books and over 300 articles in journals and scientific conferences. Currently, his work has received over 18,000 citations according to Google Scholar, including more than 2200 citations in 2020. In the last five years, he has published more than 60 papers in international journals indexed in the JCR (around 70% of them belonging to first quartile journals) and he has edited some Springer books “Supervised Descriptive Pattern Mining” (2018), “Multiple Instance Learning - Foundations and Algorithms” (2016), and “Pattern Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms” (2016). He has also been involved in more than 20 research projects supported by the Spanish and Andalusian governments and the European Union. He currently belongs to the editorial board of PeerJ Computer Science, Information Fusion and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence journals, being also associate editor of Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing and IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics. Finally, he is editor-in-chief of Progress in Artificial Intelligence. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE Computer, the IEEE Computational Intelligence, and the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Societies, and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Finally, his main research interests include data science, computational intelligence, and their applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Córdoba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/26.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"27",title:"Multi-Agent Systems",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/27.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"148497",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Emin",surname:"Aydin",slug:"mehmet-aydin",fullName:"Mehmet Aydin",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/148497/images/system/148497.jpg",biography:"Dr. Mehmet Emin Aydin is a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Computer Science and Creative Technology, the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. His research interests include swarm intelligence, parallel and distributed metaheuristics, machine learning, intelligent agents and multi-agent systems, resource planning, scheduling and optimization, combinatorial optimization. Dr. Aydin is currently a Fellow of Higher Education Academy, UK, a member of EPSRC College, a senior member of IEEE and a senior member of ACM. In addition to being a member of advisory committees of many international conferences, he is an Editorial Board Member of various peer-reviewed international journals. He has served as guest editor for a number of special issues of peer-reviewed international journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of the West of England",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:20,paginationItems:[{id:"82526",title:"Deep Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Methods Addressing the Scalability Challenge",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105627",signatures:"Theocharis Kravaris and George A. 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(Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7726",title:"Swarm Intelligence",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7726.jpg",slug:"swarm-intelligence-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Javier Del Ser, Esther Villar and Eneko Osaba",hash:"e7ea7e74ce7a7a8e5359629e07c68d31",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",editors:[{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7656",title:"Fuzzy Logic",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7656.jpg",slug:"fuzzy-logic",publishedDate:"February 5th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Constantin Volosencu",hash:"54f092d4ffe0abf5e4172a80025019bc",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Fuzzy Logic",editors:[{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. 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Then take a masters degree in science in Germany (Animal breeding). Take a doctorate in animal science at the UANL.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"309250",title:"Dr.",name:"Miguel",middleName:null,surname:"Quaresma",slug:"miguel-quaresma",fullName:"Miguel Quaresma",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/309250/images/9059_n.jpg",biography:"Miguel Nuno Pinheiro Quaresma was born on May 26, 1974 in Dili, Timor Island. He is married with two children: a boy and a girl, and he is a resident in Vila Real, Portugal. He graduated in Veterinary Medicine in August 1998 and obtained his Ph.D. degree in Veterinary Sciences -Clinical Area in February 2015, both from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. He is currently enrolled in the Alternative Residency of the European College of Animal Reproduction. He works as a Senior Clinician at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of UTAD (HVUTAD) with a role in clinical activity in the area of livestock and equine species as well as to support teaching and research in related areas. He teaches as an Invited Professor in Reproduction Medicine I and II of the Master\\'s in Veterinary Medicine degree at UTAD. Currently, he holds the position of Chairman of the Portuguese Buiatrics Association. He is a member of the Consultive Group on Production Animals of the OMV. He has 19 publications in indexed international journals (ISIS), as well as over 60 publications and oral presentations in both Portuguese and international journals and congresses.",institutionString:"University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro",institution:{name:"University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"38652",title:"Prof.",name:"Rita",middleName:null,surname:"Payan-Carreira",slug:"rita-payan-carreira",fullName:"Rita Payan-Carreira",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRiFPQA0/Profile_Picture_1614601496313",biography:"Rita Payan Carreira earned her Veterinary Degree from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1985. She obtained her Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences from the University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal. After almost 32 years of teaching at the University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, she recently moved to the University of Évora, Department of Veterinary Medicine, where she teaches in the field of Animal Reproduction and Clinics. Her primary research areas include the molecular markers of the endometrial cycle and the embryo–maternal interaction, including oxidative stress and the reproductive physiology and disorders of sexual development, besides the molecular determinants of male and female fertility. She often supervises students preparing their master's or doctoral theses. She is also a frequent referee for various journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Évora",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"283019",title:"Dr.",name:"Oudessa",middleName:null,surname:"Kerro Dego",slug:"oudessa-kerro-dego",fullName:"Oudessa Kerro Dego",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/283019/images/system/283019.png",biography:"Dr. Kerro Dego is a veterinary microbiologist with training in veterinary medicine, microbiology, and anatomic pathology. Dr. Kerro Dego is an assistant professor of dairy health in the department of animal science, the University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee. He received his D.V.M. (1997), M.S. (2002), and Ph.D. (2008) degrees in Veterinary Medicine, Animal Pathology and Veterinary Microbiology from College of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia; College of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands and Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Canada respectively. He did his Postdoctoral training in microbial pathogenesis (2009 - 2015) in the Department of Animal Science, the University of Tennessee, Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee. Dr. Kerro Dego’s research focuses on the prevention and control of infectious diseases of farm animals, particularly mastitis, improving dairy food safety, and mitigation of antimicrobial resistance. Dr. Kerro Dego has extensive experience in studying the pathogenesis of bacterial infections, identification of virulence factors, and vaccine development and efficacy testing against major bacterial mastitis pathogens. Dr. Kerro Dego conducted numerous controlled experimental and field vaccine efficacy studies, vaccination, and evaluation of immunological responses in several species of animals, including rodents (mice) and large animals (bovine and ovine).",institutionString:"University of Tennessee at Knoxville",institution:{name:"University of Tennessee at Knoxville",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"251314",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Gardón Poggi",slug:"juan-carlos-gardon-poggi",fullName:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/251314/images/system/251314.jpeg",biography:"Juan Carlos Gardón Poggi received University degree from the Faculty of Agrarian Science in Argentina, in 1983. Also he received Masters Degree and PhD from Córdoba University, Spain. He is currently a Professor at the Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, at the Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery. He teaches diverse courses in the field of Animal Reproduction and he is the Director of the Veterinary Farm. He also participates in academic postgraduate activities at the Veterinary Faculty of Murcia University, Spain. His research areas include animal physiology, physiology and biotechnology of reproduction either in males or females, the study of gametes under in vitro conditions and the use of ultrasound as a complement to physiological studies and development of applied biotechnologies. Routinely, he supervises students preparing their doctoral, master thesis or final degree projects.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Valencia Catholic University Saint Vincent Martyr",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"309529",title:"Dr.",name:"Albert",middleName:null,surname:"Rizvanov",slug:"albert-rizvanov",fullName:"Albert Rizvanov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/309529/images/9189_n.jpg",biography:'Albert A. Rizvanov is a Professor and Director of the Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine at the Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University (KFU), Russia. He is the Head of the Center of Excellence “Regenerative Medicine” and Vice-Director of Strategic Academic Unit \\"Translational 7P Medicine\\". Albert completed his Ph.D. at the University of Nevada, Reno, USA and Dr.Sci. at KFU. He is a corresponding member of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation. Albert is an author of more than 300 peer-reviewed journal articles and 22 patents. He has supervised 11 Ph.D. and 2 Dr.Sci. dissertations. Albert is the Head of the Dissertation Committee on Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Genetics at KFU.\nORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-5739\nWebsite https://kpfu.ru/Albert.Rizvanov?p_lang=2',institutionString:"Kazan Federal University",institution:{name:"Kazan Federal University",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"210551",title:"Dr.",name:"Arbab",middleName:null,surname:"Sikandar",slug:"arbab-sikandar",fullName:"Arbab Sikandar",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/210551/images/system/210551.jpg",biography:"Dr. Arbab Sikandar, PhD, M. Phil, DVM was born on April 05, 1981. He is currently working at the College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences as an Assistant Professor. He previously worked as a lecturer at the same University. \nHe is a Member/Secretory of Ethics committee (No. CVAS-9377 dated 18-04-18), Member of the QEC committee CVAS, Jhang (Regr/Gen/69/873, dated 26-10-2017), Member, Board of studies of Department of Basic Sciences (No. CVAS. 2851 Dated. 12-04-13, and No. CVAS, 9024 dated 20/11/17), Member of Academic Committee, CVAS, Jhang (No. CVAS/2004, Dated, 25-08-12), Member of the technical committee (No. CVAS/ 4085, dated 20,03, 2010 till 2016).\n\nDr. Arbab Sikandar contributed in five days hands-on-training on Histopathology at the Department of Pathology, UVAS from 12-16 June 2017. He received a Certificate of appreciation for contributions for Popularization of Science and Technology in the Society on 17-11-15. He was the resource person in the lecture series- ‘scientific writing’ at the Department of Anatomy and Histology, UVAS, Lahore on 29th October 2015. He won a full fellowship as a principal candidate for the year 2015 in the field of Agriculture, EICA, Egypt with ref. to the Notification No. 12(11) ACS/Egypt/2014 from 10 July 2015 to 25th September 2015.; he received a grant of Rs. 55000/- as research incentives from Director, Advanced Studies and Research, UVAS, Lahore upon publications of research papers in IF Journals (DR/215, dated 19-5-2014.. He obtained his PhD by winning a HEC Pakistan indigenous Scholarship, ‘Ph.D. fellowship for 5000 scholars – Phase II’ (2av1-147), 17-6/HEC/HRD/IS-II/12, November 15, 2012. \n\nDr. Sikandar is a member of numerous societies: Registered Veterinary Medical Practitioner (life member) and Registered Veterinary Medical Faculty of Pakistan Veterinary Medical Council. The Registration code of PVMC is RVMP/4298 and RVMF/ 0102.; Life member of the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Alumni Association with S# 664, dated: 6-4-12. ; Member 'Vets Care Organization Pakistan” with Reference No. VCO-605-149, dated 05-04-06. :Member 'Vet Crescent” (Society of Animal Health and Production), UVAS, Lahore.",institutionString:"University of Veterinary & Animal Science",institution:{name:"University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"311663",title:"Dr.",name:"Prasanna",middleName:null,surname:"Pal",slug:"prasanna-pal",fullName:"Prasanna Pal",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/311663/images/13261_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Dairy Research Institute",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"202192",title:"Dr.",name:"Catrin",middleName:null,surname:"Rutland",slug:"catrin-rutland",fullName:"Catrin Rutland",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/202192/images/system/202192.png",biography:"Catrin Rutland is an Associate Professor of Anatomy and Developmental Genetics at the University of Nottingham, UK. She obtained a BSc from the University of Derby, England, a master’s degree from Technische Universität München, Germany, and a Ph.D. from the University of Nottingham. She undertook a post-doctoral research fellowship in the School of Medicine before accepting tenure in Veterinary Medicine and Science. Dr. Rutland also obtained an MMedSci (Medical Education) and a Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE). She is the author of more than sixty peer-reviewed journal articles, twelve books/book chapters, and more than 100 research abstracts in cardiovascular biology and oncology. She is a board member of the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Fellow of the Anatomical Society, and Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. Dr. Rutland has also written popular science books for the public. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-4898. www.nottingham.ac.uk/vet/people/catrin.rutland",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Nottingham",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"283315",title:"Prof.",name:"Samir",middleName:null,surname:"El-Gendy",slug:"samir-el-gendy",fullName:"Samir El-Gendy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRduYQAS/Profile_Picture_1606215849748",biography:"Samir El-Gendy is a Professor of anatomy and embryology at the faculty of veterinary medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt. Samir obtained his PhD in veterinary science in 2007 from the faculty of veterinary medicine, Alexandria University and has been a professor since 2017. Samir is an author on 24 articles at Scopus and 12 articles within local journals and 2 books/book chapters. His research focuses on applied anatomy, imaging techniques and computed tomography. Samir worked as a member of different local projects on E-learning and he is a board member of the African Association of Veterinary Anatomists and of anatomy societies and as an associated author at local and international journals. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-389X",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Alexandria University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"246149",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Kubale",slug:"valentina-kubale",fullName:"Valentina Kubale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246149/images/system/246149.jpg",biography:"Valentina Kubale is Associate Professor of Veterinary Medicine at the Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. Since graduating from the Veterinary faculty she obtained her PhD in 2007, performed collaboration with the Department of Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. She continued as a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Copenhagen with a Lundbeck foundation fellowship. She is the editor of three books and author/coauthor of 23 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, 16 book chapters, and 68 communications at scientific congresses. Since 2008 she has been the Editor Assistant for the Slovenian Veterinary Research journal. She is a member of Slovenian Biochemical Society, The Endocrine Society, European Association of Veterinary Anatomists and Society for Laboratory Animals, where she is board member.",institutionString:"University of Ljubljana",institution:{name:"University of Ljubljana",country:{name:"Slovenia"}}},{id:"258334",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Eduardo",middleName:null,surname:"Fonseca-Alves",slug:"carlos-eduardo-fonseca-alves",fullName:"Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/258334/images/system/258334.jpg",biography:"Dr. Fonseca-Alves earned his DVM from Federal University of Goias – UFG in 2008. He completed an internship in small animal internal medicine at UPIS university in 2011, earned his MSc in 2013 and PhD in 2015 both in Veterinary Medicine at Sao Paulo State University – UNESP. Dr. Fonseca-Alves currently serves as an Assistant Professor at Paulista University – UNIP teaching small animal internal medicine.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Paulista",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"245306",title:"Dr.",name:"María Luz",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia Pardo",slug:"maria-luz-garcia-pardo",fullName:"María Luz Garcia Pardo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/245306/images/system/245306.png",biography:"María de la Luz García Pardo is an agricultural engineer from Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain. She has a Ph.D. in Animal Genetics. Currently, she is a lecturer at the Agrofood Technology Department of Miguel Hernández University, Spain. Her research is focused on genetics and reproduction in rabbits. The major goal of her research is the genetics of litter size through novel methods such as selection by the environmental sensibility of litter size, with forays into the field of animal welfare by analysing the impact on the susceptibility to diseases and stress of the does. Details of her publications can be found at https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9504-8290.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Miguel Hernandez University",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"350704",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Camila",middleName:"Silva Costa",surname:"Ferreira",slug:"camila-ferreira",fullName:"Camila Ferreira",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/350704/images/17280_n.jpg",biography:"Graduated in Veterinary Medicine at the Fluminense Federal University, specialist in Equine Reproduction at the Brazilian Veterinary Institute (IBVET) and Master in Clinical Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction at the Fluminense Federal University. She has experience in analyzing zootechnical indices in dairy cattle and organizing events related to Veterinary Medicine through extension grants. I have experience in the field of diagnostic imaging and animal reproduction in veterinary medicine through monitoring and scientific initiation scholarships. I worked at the Equus Central Reproduction Equine located in Santo Antônio de Jesus – BA in the 2016/2017 breeding season. I am currently a doctoral student with a scholarship from CAPES of the Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Medicine (Pathology and Clinical Sciences) at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) with a research project with an emphasis on equine endometritis.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"41319",title:"Prof.",name:"Lung-Kwang",middleName:null,surname:"Pan",slug:"lung-kwang-pan",fullName:"Lung-Kwang Pan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/41319/images/84_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"125292",title:"Dr.",name:"Katy",middleName:null,surname:"Satué Ambrojo",slug:"katy-satue-ambrojo",fullName:"Katy Satué Ambrojo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/125292/images/system/125292.jpeg",biography:"Katy Satué Ambrojo received her Veterinary Medicine degree, Master degree in Equine Technology and doctorate in Veterinary Medicine from the Faculty of Veterinary, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University in Valencia, Spain.Dr. Satué is accredited as a Private University Doctor Professor, Doctor Assistant, and Contracted Doctor by AVAP (Agència Valenciana d'Avaluació i Prospectiva) and currently, as a full professor by ANECA (since January 2022). To date, Katy has taught 22 years in the Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery at the CEU-Cardenal Herrera University in undergraduate courses in Veterinary Medicine (General Pathology, integrated into the Applied Basis of Veterinary Medicine module of the 2nd year, Clinical Equine I of 3rd year, and Equine Clinic II of 4th year). Dr. Satué research activity is in the field of Endocrinology, Hematology, Biochemistry, and Immunology in the Spanish Purebred mare. She has directed 5 Doctoral Theses and 5 Diplomas of Advanced Studies, and participated in 11 research projects as a collaborating researcher. She has written 2 books and 14 book chapters in international publishers related to the area, and 68 scientific publications in international journals. Dr. Satué has attended 63 congresses, participating with 132 communications in international congresses and 19 in national congresses related to the area. Dr. Satué is a scientific reviewer for various prestigious international journals such as Animals, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Reproduction in Domestic Animals, Research Veterinary Science, Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, Livestock Production Science and Theriogenology, among others. Since 2014 she has been responsible for the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the CEU-Cardenal Herrera University Veterinary Clinical Hospital.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"201721",title:"Dr.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Funiciello",slug:"beatrice-funiciello",fullName:"Beatrice Funiciello",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/201721/images/11089_n.jpg",biography:"Graduated from the University of Milan in 2011, my post-graduate education included CertAVP modules mainly on equines (dermatology and internal medicine) and a few on small animal (dermatology and anaesthesia) at the University of Liverpool. After a general CertAVP (2015) I gained the designated Certificate in Veterinary Dermatology (2017) after taking the synoptic examination and then applied for the RCVS ADvanced Practitioner status. After that, I completed the Postgraduate Diploma in Veterinary Professional Studies at the University of Liverpool (2018). My main area of work is cross-species veterinary dermatology.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"291226",title:"Dr.",name:"Monica",middleName:null,surname:"Cassel",slug:"monica-cassel",fullName:"Monica Cassel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/291226/images/8232_n.jpg",biography:'Degree in Biological Sciences at the Federal University of Mato Grosso with scholarship for Scientific Initiation by FAPEMAT (2008/1) and CNPq (2008/2-2009/2): Project \\"Histological evidence of reproductive activity in lizards of the Manso region, Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil\\". Master\\\'s degree in Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation at Federal University of Mato Grosso with a scholarship by CAPES/REUNI program: Project \\"Reproductive biology of Melanorivulus punctatus\\". PhD\\\'s degree in Science (Cell and Tissue Biology Area) \n at University of Sao Paulo with scholarship granted by FAPESP; Project \\"Development of morphofunctional changes in ovary of Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 (Teleostei, Characidae)\\". She has experience in Reproduction of vertebrates and Morphology, with emphasis in Cellular Biology and Histology. She is currently a teacher in the medium / technical level courses at IFMT-Alta Floresta, as well as in the Bachelor\\\'s degree in Animal Science and in the Bachelor\\\'s degree in Business.',institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"442807",title:"Dr.",name:"Busani",middleName:null,surname:"Moyo",slug:"busani-moyo",fullName:"Busani Moyo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Gwanda State University",country:{name:"Zimbabwe"}}},{id:"439435",title:"Dr.",name:"Feda S.",middleName:null,surname:"Aljaser",slug:"feda-s.-aljaser",fullName:"Feda S. Aljaser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"King Saud University",country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}},{id:"423023",title:"Dr.",name:"Yosra",middleName:null,surname:"Soltan",slug:"yosra-soltan",fullName:"Yosra Soltan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Alexandria University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"349788",title:"Dr.",name:"Florencia Nery",middleName:null,surname:"Sompie",slug:"florencia-nery-sompie",fullName:"Florencia Nery Sompie",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sam Ratulangi University",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"428600",title:"MSc.",name:"Adriana",middleName:null,surname:"García-Alarcón",slug:"adriana-garcia-alarcon",fullName:"Adriana García-Alarcón",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"428599",title:"MSc.",name:"Gabino",middleName:null,surname:"De La Rosa-Cruz",slug:"gabino-de-la-rosa-cruz",fullName:"Gabino De La Rosa-Cruz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}},{id:"428601",title:"MSc.",name:"Juan Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Campuzano-Caballero",slug:"juan-carlos-campuzano-caballero",fullName:"Juan Carlos Campuzano-Caballero",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Autonomous University of Mexico",country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"24",type:"subseries",title:"Computer Vision",keywords:"Image Analysis, Scene Understanding, Biometrics, Deep Learning, Software Implementation, Hardware Implementation, Natural Images, Medical Images, Robotics, VR/AR",scope:"The scope of this topic is to disseminate the recent advances in the rapidly growing field of computer vision from both the theoretical and practical points of view. Novel computational algorithms for image analysis, scene understanding, biometrics, deep learning and their software or hardware implementations for natural and medical images, robotics, VR/AR, applications are some research directions relevant to this topic.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!0,hasPublishedBooks:!1,annualVolume:11420,editor:{id:"294154",title:"Prof.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Papakostas",slug:"george-papakostas",fullName:"George Papakostas",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002hYaGbQAK/Profile_Picture_1624519712088",biography:"George A. Papakostas has received a diploma in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1999 and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2002 and 2007, respectively, from the Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Greece. Dr. Papakostas serves as a Tenured Full Professor at the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, Greece. Dr. Papakostas has 10 years of experience in large-scale systems design as a senior software engineer and technical manager, and 20 years of research experience in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Currently, he is the Head of the “Visual Computing” division of HUman-MAchines INteraction Laboratory (HUMAIN-Lab) and the Director of the MPhil program “Advanced Technologies in Informatics and Computers” hosted by the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University. He has (co)authored more than 150 publications in indexed journals, international conferences and book chapters, 1 book (in Greek), 3 edited books, and 5 journal special issues. His publications have more than 2100 citations with h-index 27 (GoogleScholar). 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The applications of this research cover many related fields, such as biotechnology and medicine, where, for example, Bioinformatics contributes to faster drug design, DNA analysis in forensics, and DNA sequence analysis in the field of personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is a type of medical care in which treatment is customized individually for each patient. Personalized medicine enables more effective therapy, reduces the costs of therapy and clinical trials, and also minimizes the risk of side effects. Nevertheless, advances in personalized medicine would not have been possible without bioinformatics, which can analyze the human genome and other vast amounts of biomedical data, especially in genetics. The rapid growth of information technology enabled the development of new tools to decode human genomes, large-scale studies of genetic variations and medical informatics. 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Main aspects of the topic are: Applying bioinformatics in drug discovery and development; Bioinformatics in clinical diagnostics (genetic variants that act as markers for a condition or a disease); Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in personalized medicine; Customize disease-prevention strategies in personalized medicine; Big data analysis in personalized medicine; Translating stratification algorithms into clinical practice of personalized medicine.",annualVolume:11403,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/7.jpg",editor:{id:"351533",title:"Dr.",name:"Slawomir",middleName:null,surname:"Wilczynski",fullName:"Slawomir Wilczynski",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000035U1loQAC/Profile_Picture_1630074514792",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Medical University of Silesia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"5886",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandros",middleName:"T.",surname:"Tzallas",fullName:"Alexandros Tzallas",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/5886/images/system/5886.png",institutionString:"University of Ioannina, Greece & Imperial College London",institution:{name:"University of Ioannina",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},{id:"257388",title:"Distinguished Prof.",name:"Lulu",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Lulu Wang",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRX6kQAG/Profile_Picture_1630329584194",institutionString:"Shenzhen Technology University",institution:{name:"Shenzhen Technology University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"225387",title:"Prof.",name:"Reda R.",middleName:"R.",surname:"Gharieb",fullName:"Reda R. Gharieb",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/225387/images/system/225387.jpg",institutionString:"Assiut University",institution:{name:"Assiut University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}]},{id:"8",title:"Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics",keywords:"Bioinspired Systems, Biomechanics, Assistive Technology, Rehabilitation",scope:'Bioinspired technologies take advantage of understanding the actual biological system to provide solutions to problems in several areas. Recently, bioinspired systems have been successfully employing biomechanics to develop and improve assistive technology and rehabilitation devices. The research topic "Bioinspired Technology and Biomechanics" welcomes studies reporting recent advances in bioinspired technologies that contribute to individuals\' health, inclusion, and rehabilitation. Possible contributions can address (but are not limited to) the following research topics: Bioinspired design and control of exoskeletons, orthoses, and prostheses; Experimental evaluation of the effect of assistive devices (e.g., influence on gait, balance, and neuromuscular system); Bioinspired technologies for rehabilitation, including clinical studies reporting evaluations; Application of neuromuscular and biomechanical models to the development of bioinspired technology.',annualVolume:11404,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/8.jpg",editor:{id:"144937",title:"Prof.",name:"Adriano",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Andrade",fullName:"Adriano Andrade",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRC8QQAW/Profile_Picture_1625219101815",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Federal University of Uberlândia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"49517",title:"Prof.",name:"Hitoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsunashima",fullName:"Hitoshi Tsunashima",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYTP4QAO/Profile_Picture_1625819726528",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Nihon University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},{id:"425354",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcus",middleName:"Fraga",surname:"Vieira",fullName:"Marcus Vieira",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003BJSgIQAX/Profile_Picture_1627904687309",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Goiás",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"196746",title:"Dr.",name:"Ramana",middleName:null,surname:"Vinjamuri",fullName:"Ramana Vinjamuri",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196746/images/system/196746.jpeg",institutionString:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institution:{name:"University of Maryland, Baltimore County",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},{id:"9",title:"Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering",keywords:"Biotechnology, Biosensors, Biomaterials, Tissue Engineering",scope:"The Biotechnology - Biosensors, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering topic within the Biomedical Engineering Series aims to rapidly publish contributions on all aspects of biotechnology, biosensors, biomaterial and tissue engineering. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that provide novel and mechanistic insights that report significant advances in the fields. Topics can include but are not limited to: Biotechnology such as biotechnological products and process engineering; Biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; Bioenergy and biofuels; Applied genetics and molecular biotechnology; Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics; Applied microbial and cell physiology; Environmental biotechnology; Methods and protocols. Moreover, topics in biosensor technology, like sensors that incorporate enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, whole cells, tissues and organelles, and other biological or biologically inspired components will be considered, and topics exploring transducers, including those based on electrochemical and optical piezoelectric, thermal, magnetic, and micromechanical elements. Chapters exploring biomaterial approaches such as polymer synthesis and characterization, drug and gene vector design, biocompatibility, immunology and toxicology, and self-assembly at the nanoscale, are welcome. Finally, the tissue engineering subcategory will support topics such as the fundamentals of stem cells and progenitor cells and their proliferation, differentiation, bioreactors for three-dimensional culture and studies of phenotypic changes, stem and progenitor cells, both short and long term, ex vivo and in vivo implantation both in preclinical models and also in clinical trials.",annualVolume:11405,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/9.jpg",editor:{id:"126286",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:"Jesús",surname:"Villarreal-Gómez",fullName:"Luis Villarreal-Gómez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/126286/images/system/126286.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Baja California",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"35539",title:"Dr.",name:"Cecilia",middleName:null,surname:"Cristea",fullName:"Cecilia Cristea",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYQ65QAG/Profile_Picture_1621007741527",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"40735",title:"Dr.",name:"Gil",middleName:"Alberto Batista",surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Gil Gonçalves",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002aYRLGQA4/Profile_Picture_1628492612759",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Aveiro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"211725",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Johann F.",middleName:null,surname:"Osma",fullName:"Johann F. 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