\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"9288",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Design and Manufacturing",title:"Design and Manufacturing",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"In product development, decisions taken in design and manufacturing are considered the most influential factors for succeeding commercialisation. Product development is a complex integrated process of several steps starting from design where the market needs are identified and turned into competitive product specifications and different design concepts. In other words, design is about identifying a problem, developing solution proposals, and validating the most feasible solution with real users. Manufacturing technologies, on the other hand, help designers to make those virtual models into physical parts by transforming different types of raw materials. This book on design and manufacturing, written by a number of experts from all over the world, presents a design perspective and different manufacturing applications from various industrial sectors.",isbn:"978-1-78985-866-2",printIsbn:"978-1-78985-865-5",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83962-889-4",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.83290",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"design-and-manufacturing",numberOfPages:266,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"29172b8e746a303c2c48f39292fd4c10",bookSignature:"Evren Yasa, Mohsen Mhadhbi and Eleonora Santecchia",publishedDate:"July 29th 2020",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9288.jpg",numberOfDownloads:9781,numberOfWosCitations:2,numberOfCrossrefCitations:6,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:1,numberOfDimensionsCitations:22,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:1,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:30,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"March 14th 2019",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"August 28th 2019",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"October 27th 2019",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"January 15th 2020",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"March 15th 2020",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"219594",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Evren",middleName:null,surname:"Yasa",slug:"evren-yasa",fullName:"Evren Yasa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/219594/images/system/219594.jpg",biography:'Dr. Evren Yasa graduated with her degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Istanbul Technical University and completed her master\'s degree at the University of British Columbia on volumetric error modeling and compensation. She received her Ph.D. degree with the thesis on "Combined Process of Selective Laser Melting and Selective Laser Erosion/Laser Re-melting" at the Catholic University of Leuven, for which she was awarded the "Emerald Outstanding Doctoral Study-Highly commended" award. After her Ph.D. study, she worked as a senior engineer at TEI, a GE-joint venture company specializing in manufacturing aero-engine parts, where she led Additive Manufacturing projects. Later, she joined Eskisehir Osmangazi University as an assistant professor. Moreover, she has been working as an independent expert in laser-based manufacturing on behalf of the European Commission in Horizon 2020 projects.',institutionString:"Eskişehir Osmangazi University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Eskişehir Osmangazi University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:{id:"228366",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohsen",middleName:null,surname:"Mhadhbi",slug:"mohsen-mhadhbi",fullName:"Mohsen Mhadhbi",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/228366/images/system/228366.png",biography:"Dr. Mohsen Mhadhbi obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Sfax, Tunisia. He is currently an Assistant Professor of Chemistry at the National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis, Tunisia. His research interests include nanomaterials, energy, powder technology, ceramics, composites, modeling, and simulations. Dr. Mhadhbi has published works in national and international journals and books. He is a teacher in Materials Science and has supervised several researchers in this field. He is also a member of various scientific associations and an editorial board member and reviewer of many reputable scientific journals.",institutionString:"National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Tunis El Manar University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Tunisia"}}},coeditorTwo:{id:"270298",title:"Dr.",name:"Eleonora",middleName:null,surname:"Santecchia",slug:"eleonora-santecchia",fullName:"Eleonora Santecchia",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/270298/images/system/270298.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Eleonora Santecchia (PhD) is Assistant Professor in Metallurgy at the Marche Polytechnic University (UNIVPM) located in Ancona, Italy. Her current research activities are mainly\nfocused on metal additive manufacturing and, in particular, on\nthe laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and direct energy deposition\n(DED) techniques. She received her Master Degree (cum laude)\nin Thermomechanical Engineering at the Marche Polytechnic\nUniversity (Ancona, Italy) in 2010, and obtained her Ph.D. in Materials, Waters\nand Soils Engineering on March 2014 (Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona,\nItaly). She accomplished a two years postdoctorate fellowship at Qatar University\nin Doha (Qatar) working on the Project NPRP 5-423-2-167 “Advanced ultra-hard\nnanostructured coatings for innovative applications in mechanical and chemical\nindustries”. From 2016 to 2019 she worked as an INSTM Postdoctoral Researcher at\nthe Marche Polytechnic University (Ancona), within the European Project DREAM\nH2020 “Driving up Reliability and Efficiency of Additive Manufacturing”. She is\nexperienced in microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy,\nenergy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Furthermore, Dr.\nSantecchia is an enthusiastic additive manufacturing researcher, with a particular\npassion for laser-based 3D printing techniques.",institutionString:"Marche Polytechnic University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:null},coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1356",title:"Manufacturing Engineering",slug:"technology-industrial-engineering-manufacturing-engineering"}],chapters:[{id:"70110",title:"Design for Manufacturing of Electro-Mechanical Assemblies in the Aerospace Industry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90098",slug:"design-for-manufacturing-of-electro-mechanical-assemblies-in-the-aerospace-industry",totalDownloads:691,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Electronic design engineers struggle continuously to obtain a satisfactory trade-off between item performance and cost. On one hand, they would like to employ the best material and components available on the market and opt for time-consuming manufacturing processes in order to obtain high-performance parts. On the other hand, such choice would lead to high recurring cost making the part less attractive in the market. In this scenario, industrial engineering team becomes a crucial industrial entity. It assists the Design Engineers by providing design rules or guidelines. This guidance is intended to provide recommendation to the development team in order to define what is technically feasible and achievable inside an industrial process contest. These rules should not be too strict in order to guarantee acceptable part performance and therefore market attractiveness. The rules contain guidelines on mechanical, process and material aspects. This chapter will focus on design for manufacturing of electro-mechanical parts for the aerospace industry typically being a high-end and high-performance part. Nevertheless, cost and time remain a key aspect to guarantee. The effects of such rules on mechanical and electrical performance will be highlighted and discusses, with a specific focus ion high frequency electrical assemblies (1–30 GHz). It will also contain a review on microelectronic production techniques that impact on the part’s electrical performance.",signatures:"Ernesto Limiti and Patrick E. Longhi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70110",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70110",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"68474",title:"Industrial Applications of Intelligent Adaptive Sampling Methods for Multi-Objective Optimization",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88213",slug:"industrial-applications-of-intelligent-adaptive-sampling-methods-for-multi-objective-optimization",totalDownloads:852,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Multi-objective optimization is an essential component of nearly all engineering design. However, for industrial applications, the design process typically demands running expensive computer code and/or real-world experiments putting the design process at risk of finding suboptimal solutions and/or not meeting budget constraints. As a first step toward a remedy, meta-models are built to mimic the response surface at a much lower query cost. We cover a time-tested technology specifically tailored to limited-data scenarios called Bayesian hybrid modeling (GEBHM) developed and maintained at General Electric (GE) research. GEBHM offers Bayesian mean and principled uncertainty predictions allowing a second technology called intelligent design and analysis of experiments (GE-IDACE/IDACE) to perform the optimization task using an adaptive sampling strategy. This chapter first covers the theoretical framework of both GEBHM and GE-IDACE. Then, the impact of GEBHM/GE-IDACE is demonstrated on multiple real-world engineering applications including additive manufacturing, combustion testing, and computational fluid dynamic design modeling. GEBHM and GE-IDACE are used daily and extensively within GE with huge impact in the form of 30–90% cost reduction and superior engineering designs of competitive products.",signatures:"Jesper Kristensen, Waad Subber, Yiming Zhang, Sayan Ghosh, Natarajan Chennimalai Kumar, Genghis Khan and Liping Wang",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68474",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68474",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"68343",title:"Design for Sustainability with Biodegradable Composites",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88425",slug:"design-for-sustainability-with-biodegradable-composites",totalDownloads:847,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:6,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:"Many of the petroleum-based materials and products are causing problems with sustainability of resources and disposal at the end of their lives. Such problems can be solved if biodegradable materials from renewable resources are used in product design. For a material to be fully biodegradable, all its constituents must be biodegradable and should come from renewable resources if it is to be sustainable. Starch-plant fiber composites satisfy both conditions. In addition to their environmental benefits, materials from renewable resources can also be economically advantageous in certain applications, such as motorcar and packaging industries. This chapter starts with a review of the characteristics of biodegradable materials and uses case studies to illustrate their use in the design of sustainable products. The concept of design for a life (DFL), in which the material used in making a given product that will biodegrade at the end of its useful life, will also be explored.",signatures:"Dina Fouad and Mahmoud Farag",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68343",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68343",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"70001",title:"Integrating Sustainability in the Strategic Stage of an Innovation Process: A Design Brief Perspective",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89604",slug:"integrating-sustainability-in-the-strategic-stage-of-an-innovation-process-a-design-brief-perspectiv",totalDownloads:631,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"This book chapter explores the uptake of environmental sustainability in the front end of an innovation process, and the outcome of this stage: the design brief. The study is based on a content analysis of 80 design briefs from Belgian enterprises, a focus group with representatives from 14 Belgian companies and an in-depth interview with two Belgian chief executives. The results show an overview of the most and least used environmental sustainability strategies in the design brief and demonstrate a remarkable difference in uptake between large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Findings show that companies often deal with sustainability on a hidden and decomposed level. Furthermore, a generic model for the design brief process is presented with the different entry points for sustainability. Crucial factors for integrating environmental sustainability in the design brief are discussed in the last section. The paper concludes with a recommendation to integrate ecodesign targets in the design brief and discussing them with the decision makers in all the stages of the design briefing process. With no environmental commitment in the design brief towards the final product, no time, budgets, and staff will be allocated on this subject during the operational stage.",signatures:"Kristel Dewulf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70001",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70001",authors:[{id:"154290",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Kristel",surname:"Dewulf",slug:"kristel-dewulf",fullName:"Kristel Dewulf"}],corrections:null},{id:"70473",title:"Prologue: The New Era of Sintering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.85338",slug:"prologue-the-new-era-of-sintering",totalDownloads:626,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Eleonora Santecchia and Mohsen Mhadhbi",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70473",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70473",authors:[{id:"228366",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohsen",surname:"Mhadhbi",slug:"mohsen-mhadhbi",fullName:"Mohsen Mhadhbi"},{id:"270298",title:"Dr.",name:"Eleonora",surname:"Santecchia",slug:"eleonora-santecchia",fullName:"Eleonora Santecchia"}],corrections:null},{id:"69701",title:"Utilization of Additive Manufacturing to Produce Tools",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89804",slug:"utilization-of-additive-manufacturing-to-produce-tools",totalDownloads:874,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"In the last decade, customized design and small series production gained importance in various industries. The production of these special tools becomes one of the most important costs for the production process. With the advances in additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, tools can be produced efficiently in short lead times and costs with additive manufacturing. In this chapter, first, an overview on the additive technologies to produces tools, also called rapid tooling, will be given. The advantages as well as disadvantages will be discussed. Following that, on an example of metal forming tools, different materials coupled with different additive production techniques will be compared. Also, most important points will be highlighted to select the most appropriate tool material and manufacturing method. Finally, a methodology to identify the tool life will be suggested, and its validation and verification on a simplified deep drawing geometry will be depicted. The comparison of numerical prediction and experimental results are shown to be in good agreement.",signatures:"Kıvılcım Ersoy and Berk Barış Çelik",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69701",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69701",authors:[{id:"219596",title:"Dr.",name:"Kıvılcım",surname:"Ersoy",slug:"kivilcim-ersoy",fullName:"Kıvılcım Ersoy"}],corrections:null},{id:"67294",title:"Fabrication of Fine-Grained Functional Ceramics by Two-Step Sintering or Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.86461",slug:"fabrication-of-fine-grained-functional-ceramics-by-two-step-sintering-or-spark-plasma-sintering-sps-",totalDownloads:477,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"The majority of functional materials today are based on ceramic materials which find use in a wide range of applications that include magnetic, electronic, optical, thermoelectric (TE) and piezoelectric energy. The properties and reliability of functional ceramic materials are highly depended on the density, grain size and existence of heterogeneities in the microstructure. It is a well-known fact that there is property enhancement at finer grain sizes for most functional materials through a multitude of mechanisms depending on the application. However, what remains a challenge is the success in maintaining fine-grained microstructures using conventional sintering methods. The use of such methods results in uncontrollable grain growth and coarse microstructures which negate the benefits of fine-grained related properties. The use of spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique offers an opportunity to produce fine-grained microstructures with minimum grain growth. However, grain refinement is not always guaranteed during SPS sintering especially under high-temperature sintering conditions. Therefore, sintering conditions that allow densification with minimal grain growth are well suited for microstructural refinement. A modified two-step sintering (TSS) methodology in SPS has proven to yield promising results and has potential use in the production of functional ceramic materials with controlled microstructures.",signatures:"Wallace R. Matizamhuka",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/67294",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/67294",authors:[{id:"216560",title:"Dr.",name:"Walace",surname:"Matizamhuka",slug:"walace-matizamhuka",fullName:"Walace Matizamhuka"}],corrections:null},{id:"69886",title:"Rapid Physical Models: A New Phase in Industrial Design",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.88788",slug:"rapid-physical-models-a-new-phase-in-industrial-design",totalDownloads:792,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Rapid prototyping, especially in the form of 3D printing, has pervaded over key aspects of design engineering since the start of this millennium. Today, rapid physical model making has applications in engineering, architecture, design, and fine art. While 3D printing today is mostly about prototyping of design as a precursor to production, not many have studied the use of 3D for industrial design in detail. With core responsibilities for three important nodes of user experience, namely function, human factors (ergonomics) and the aesthetics and emotion, 3D printing has been playing a major role in the process of industrial design. This chapter elucidates this through examples leading the reader to think about the future practice of rapid physical model making in industrial design. The chapter concludes by mentioning future scenarios that industrial design may take with constant innovations in 3D printing.",signatures:"Peer M. Sathikh",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69886",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69886",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"67448",title:"Effects of Dispersed Sulfides in Bronze During Sintering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.86385",slug:"effects-of-dispersed-sulfides-in-bronze-during-sintering",totalDownloads:775,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Bronze material sintered as sliding bearing is used. In particular, lead bronze is often used because lead acting as a solid lubricant has excellent friction characteristics. However, lead was replaced by another material according to environmental regulations. One candidate for a lead-free material is a sulfide that is well known as a solid lubricant. In this chapter we describe sintering properties and their mechanical properties. First, we investigate chemical components of copper sulfide system and realize stable phase in bronze matrix. After that, we consider the sintering condition of bronze with sulfide dispersed. The sulfides in the bronze may be subject to chemical reduction during sintering, especially when this is carried out under a reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen gas. The effect of the sulfides on the bronze, with a focus on the hardness of the bronze matrix and the reaction between sulfides and hydrogen gas, was investigated. Not only sinterability but also mechanical properties as hardness are discussed.",signatures:"Tomohiro Sato",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/67448",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/67448",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"70809",title:"Comprehensive Review on Full Bone Regeneration through 3D Printing Approaches",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.90864",slug:"comprehensive-review-on-full-bone-regeneration-through-3d-printing-approaches",totalDownloads:818,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Over the last decades, the number of work accidents associated with bone fractures has increased leading to a growing concern worldwide. Currently, autografts, allografts, and xenografts are used for bone regeneration. However, their application has associated risks. Tissue engineering (TE) has brought solutions to address these problems, through the production of temporary supports, providing mechanical support to the formation of new bone tissue and biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds, which allow cell adhesion and proliferation to ensure bone formation. The combination of materials and structure with the technique to be used will directly influence their physical and chemical properties and, consequently, their action in contributing to bone regeneration. Thus, the focus of this chapter is to perform an exhaustive literature review and a critical analysis of the state of the art in bone TE and present a proposal of an optimized temporary support geometry for bone regeneration in case of large bone defects. For this, it was listed and identified the best choice of biomaterials, fabrication method, cell type and their culture conditions (static vs. dynamic), and/or the inclusion of growth factors for the repair of large bone defects.",signatures:"Cristiana Fernandes, Carla Moura, Rita M.T. Ascenso, Sandra Amado, Nuno Alves and Paula Pascoal-Faria",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/70809",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/70809",authors:[null],corrections:null},{id:"72320",title:"3D Printed Bioscaffolds for Developing Tissue-Engineered Constructs",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.92418",slug:"3d-printed-bioscaffolds-for-developing-tissue-engineered-constructs",totalDownloads:853,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Tissue engineering techniques enable the fabrication of tissue substitutes integrating cells, biomaterials, and bioactive compounds to replace or repair damaged or diseased tissues. Despite the early success, current technology is unable to fabricate reproducible tissue-engineered constructs with the structural and functional similarity of the native tissue. The recent development of 3D printing technology empowers the opportunities of developing biofunctional complex tissue substitutes via layer-by-layer fabrication of cell(s), biomaterial(s), and bioactive compound(s) in precision. In this chapter, the current development of fabricating tissue-engineered constructs using 3D bioprinting technology for potential biomedical applications such as tissue replacement therapy, personalized therapy, and in vitro 3D modeling for drug discovery will be discussed. The current challenges, limitations, and role of stakeholders to grasp the future success also will be highlighted.",signatures:"Shiplu Roy Chowdhury, Yogeswaran Lokanathan, Law Jia Xian, Fauzi Mh Busra, Muhammad Dain Yazid, Nadiah Sulaiman, Gargy Lahiry and Md Enamul Hoque",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/72320",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/72320",authors:[{id:"39279",title:"Prof.",name:"Md Enamul",surname:"Hoque",slug:"md-enamul-hoque",fullName:"Md Enamul Hoque"}],corrections:null},{id:"69997",title:"Application the Geometric Modeling Methods and Systems in Design Engineering and Manufacturing on Example of Agriculture Engineering",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.89974",slug:"application-the-geometric-modeling-methods-and-systems-in-design-engineering-and-manufacturing-on-ex",totalDownloads:700,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Geometric modeling, as widely used synthetic design method in design engineering and manufacturing, is a theoretical base for geometric modeling application (industrial design) and geometric modeling systems (CAD systems). Therefore this chapter is devoted to application geometric modeling methods and systems in design engineering and manufacturing. For example, we will considered designing agriculture machines’ tools by following case studies: development models of bulldozer’s moldboard by geometric modeling method (for design engineering); screening the concept select process of plow’s moldboard (for design engineering and manufacturing); determining integrative role of geometric modeling systems in agro machinery tools’ PLM (for manufacturing).",signatures:"Tojiddin Juraev Khayrullaevich, Murodov Nusrat Murtazoyevich and Naimov Sandjar Tulkunovich",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/69997",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/69997",authors:[{id:"268891",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Tojiddin",surname:"Juraev",slug:"tojiddin-juraev",fullName:"Tojiddin Juraev"}],corrections:null},{id:"71402",title:"Manufacturing a Ceramic Water Filter Press for Use in Nigeria",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.91378",slug:"manufacturing-a-ceramic-water-filter-press-for-use-in-nigeria",totalDownloads:846,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"A significant proportion of Nigerian households lack access to improved and safe drinking water supplies. This has resulted in high incidences of diarrhoeal-related deaths in the country, especially among young children. Several studies have shown that point-of-use water treatment options such as ceramic filtration are effective in reducing the occurrence of water-borne diseases; however, its use in Nigeria has been significantly low. There is a need to build entrepreneurial capacity among local potters and potteries to drive the scale up of ceramic water filter production across the nation in order to create demand for the filters, seeing that huge potential for its sales abounds. However, the high cost of acquisition of the ceramic water filter press, which is the most essential equipment in the production of the water filters, is a major limitation to the scale up of ceramic water filter production in the country. The goal of the study was to manufacture a ceramic water filter press, by adapting an existing design, using locally sourced materials and manpower, to achieve lower cost. The resulting filter press cost approximately $1000, proving the viability and cost efficiency of the local manufacture of ceramic water filter presses in Nigeria.",signatures:"Ebele A. Erhuanga, Isah Bolaji Kashim, Tolulope L. Akinbogun, Olusegun A. Fatuyi, Isiaka A. Amoo and Daniel J. 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Pereira",authors:[{id:"29417",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",fullName:"Roberto Pereira",slug:"roberto-pereira"},{id:"32098",title:"Dr.",name:"Dalni",middleName:null,surname:"Santo Filho",fullName:"Dalni Santo Filho",slug:"dalni-santo-filho"},{id:"37371",title:"Mr.",name:"José Renato",middleName:null,surname:"Siqueira",fullName:"José Renato Siqueira",slug:"jose-renato-siqueira"},{id:"37372",title:"Dr.",name:"Renata",middleName:null,surname:"Borges",fullName:"Renata Borges",slug:"renata-borges"},{id:"37373",title:"BSc.",name:"Claudio Roberto",middleName:null,surname:"Rodrigues",fullName:"Claudio Roberto Rodrigues",slug:"claudio-roberto-rodrigues"},{id:"37374",title:"BSc.",name:"Alex Pablo",middleName:null,surname:"Barbosa",fullName:"Alex Pablo Barbosa",slug:"alex-pablo-barbosa"},{id:"37375",title:"Mr.",name:"José Júlio",middleName:null,surname:"dos Santos Júnior",fullName:"José Júlio dos Santos Júnior",slug:"jose-julio-dos-santos-junior"}]},{id:"20056",title:"First Generation Biodiesel",slug:"first-generation-biodiesel",signatures:"Guomin Xiao and Lijing Gao",authors:[{id:"47601",title:"Prof.",name:"Guomin",middleName:null,surname:"Xiao",fullName:"Guomin Xiao",slug:"guomin-xiao"},{id:"47611",title:"Dr.",name:"Lijing",middleName:null,surname:"Gao",fullName:"Lijing Gao",slug:"lijing-gao"}]},{id:"20057",title:"Bioethanol – What Has Brazil Learned About Yeasts Inhabiting the Ethanol Production Processes from Sugar Cane?",slug:"bioethanol-what-has-brazil-learned-about-yeasts-inhabiting-the-ethanol-production-processes-from-sug",signatures:"Maria da Graça Stupiello Andrietta, Sílvio Roberto Andrietta and Érika Nogueira Andrade Stupiello",authors:[{id:"25627",title:"Dr.",name:"Graça",middleName:null,surname:"Andrietta",fullName:"Graça Andrietta",slug:"graca-andrietta"},{id:"34988",title:"Dr.",name:"Sílvio",middleName:null,surname:"Andrietta",fullName:"Sílvio Andrietta",slug:"silvio-andrietta"},{id:"34989",title:"Dr.",name:"Eríka",middleName:null,surname:"Stupiello",fullName:"Eríka Stupiello",slug:"erika-stupiello"}]},{id:"20058",title:"Ethanol Production in Brazil: The Industrial Process and Its Impact on Yeast Fermentation",slug:"ethanol-production-in-brazil-the-industrial-process-and-its-impact-on-yeast-fermentation",signatures:"Luiz Carlos Basso, Thiago Olitta Basso and Saul Nitsche Rocha",authors:[{id:"27097",title:"Dr.",name:"Luiz Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Basso",fullName:"Luiz Carlos Basso",slug:"luiz-carlos-basso"},{id:"27117",title:"Dr.",name:"Thiago Olitta",middleName:null,surname:"Basso",fullName:"Thiago Olitta Basso",slug:"thiago-olitta-basso"},{id:"84059",title:"Prof.",name:"Saul",middleName:"Nitsche",surname:"Rocha",fullName:"Saul Rocha",slug:"saul-rocha"}]},{id:"20059",title:"Ethanol Reforming in the Dynamic Plasma - Liquid Systems",slug:"ethanol-reforming-in-the-dynamic-plasma-liquid-systems",signatures:"Valeriy Ya. Chernyak, Eugen V. Martysh, Sergei V. Olszewski, Vitalij V. Yukhymenko, Sergei M. Sidoruk, Oleg A. Nedybaliuk, Iryna V. Prysiazhnevych, Anatolij I. Shchedrin and Dmitry S. Levko",authors:[{id:"29627",title:"Prof.",name:"Valeriy",middleName:null,surname:"Chernyak",fullName:"Valeriy Chernyak",slug:"valeriy-chernyak"}]},{id:"20060",title:"Developing Organisms for Consolidated Bioprocessing of Biomass to Ethanol",slug:"developing-organisms-for-consolidated-bioprocessing-of-biomass-to-ethanol",signatures:"Willem H. van Zyl, Riaan den Haan and Daniel C. la Grange",authors:[{id:"30646",title:"Prof.",name:"Willem",middleName:"H",surname:"van Zyl",fullName:"Willem van Zyl",slug:"willem-van-zyl"},{id:"38219",title:"Dr.",name:"Riaan",middleName:null,surname:"den haan",fullName:"Riaan den haan",slug:"riaan-den-haan"},{id:"38222",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel C.",middleName:null,surname:"la Grange",fullName:"Daniel C. la Grange",slug:"daniel-c.-la-grange"}]},{id:"20061",title:"Latest Frontiers in the Biotechnologies for Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass",slug:"latest-frontiers-in-the-biotechnologies-for-ethanol-production-from-lignocellulosic-biomass",signatures:"De Canio Paola, De Bari Isabella and Romano Patrizia",authors:[{id:"36344",title:"Dr",name:"Patrizia",middleName:null,surname:"Romano",fullName:"Patrizia Romano",slug:"patrizia-romano"},{id:"84991",title:"Dr",name:"Paola",middleName:null,surname:"De Canio",fullName:"Paola De Canio",slug:"paola-de-canio"},{id:"84992",title:"Dr",name:"Isabella",middleName:null,surname:"De Bari",fullName:"Isabella De Bari",slug:"isabella-de-bari"}]},{id:"20062",title:"Novel Approaches to Improve Cellulase Biosynthesis for Biofuel Production – Adjusting Signal Transduction Pathways in the Biotechnological Workhorse Trichoderma reesei",slug:"novel-approaches-to-improve-cellulase-biosynthesis-for-biofuel-production-adjusting-signal-transduct",signatures:"Doris Tisch and Monika Schmoll",authors:[{id:"24970",title:"Dr.",name:"Monika",middleName:null,surname:"Schmoll",fullName:"Monika Schmoll",slug:"monika-schmoll"},{id:"36153",title:"Dr.",name:"Doris",middleName:null,surname:"Tisch",fullName:"Doris Tisch",slug:"doris-tisch"}]},{id:"20063",title:"Detoxification of Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates for Improved Bioethanol Production",slug:"detoxification-of-lignocellulosic-hydrolysates-for-improved-bioethanol-production",signatures:"Anuj K. Chandel, Silvio Silvério da Silva and Om V. Singh",authors:[{id:"25160",title:"Prof.",name:"Om",middleName:"V",surname:"Singh",fullName:"Om Singh",slug:"om-singh"},{id:"51540",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvio",middleName:null,surname:"Silva",fullName:"Silvio Silva",slug:"silvio-silva"},{id:"76898",title:"Dr.",name:"Anuj",middleName:null,surname:"Chandel",fullName:"Anuj Chandel",slug:"anuj-chandel"}]},{id:"20064",title:"Biofuel From Cellulosic Mass with Incentive for Feed Industry Employing Thermophilic Microbes",slug:"biofuel-from-cellulosic-mass-with-incentive-for-feed-industry-employing-thermophilic-microbes",signatures:"Javed Iqbal Qazi, Naureen Chaudhary and Saima Shahzad Mirza",authors:[{id:"25478",title:"Dr.",name:"Javed Iqbal",middleName:null,surname:"Qazi",fullName:"Javed Iqbal Qazi",slug:"javed-iqbal-qazi"},{id:"136682",title:"PhD.",name:"Naureen",middleName:null,surname:"Chaudhary",fullName:"Naureen Chaudhary",slug:"naureen-chaudhary"},{id:"136683",title:"PhD.",name:"Saima Shahzad",middleName:null,surname:"Mirza",fullName:"Saima Shahzad Mirza",slug:"saima-shahzad-mirza"}]},{id:"20065",title:"Kinetic Modelling of Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass",slug:"kinetic-modelling-of-dilute-acid-hydrolysis-of-lignocellulosic-biomass",signatures:"P. Lenihan, A. Orozco, E. O’Neill, M.N.M. Ahmad, D.W. Rooney, C. Mangwandi and G.M. 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Labbe, Lee E. Gunter, Poornima Sukumar, Anne Borland, Jin-Gui Chen, Stan D. Wullschleger, Timothy J. Tschaplinski and Gerald A. Tuskan",authors:[{id:"28445",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiaohan",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",fullName:"Xiaohan Yang",slug:"xiaohan-yang"},{id:"38876",title:"Dr.",name:"Ting",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Ting Li",slug:"ting-li"},{id:"38877",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Weston",fullName:"David Weston",slug:"david-weston"},{id:"38878",title:"Dr.",name:"Anne",middleName:null,surname:"Borland",fullName:"Anne Borland",slug:"anne-borland"},{id:"38879",title:"Dr.",name:"Stan",middleName:null,surname:"Wullschleger",fullName:"Stan Wullschleger",slug:"stan-wullschleger"},{id:"38880",title:"Dr.",name:"Timothy",middleName:null,surname:"Tschaplinski",fullName:"Timothy Tschaplinski",slug:"timothy-tschaplinski"},{id:"38881",title:"Dr.",name:"Gerald",middleName:null,surname:"Tuskan",fullName:"Gerald Tuskan",slug:"gerald-tuskan"},{id:"94926",title:"Dr.",name:"Abhijit",middleName:null,surname:"Karve",fullName:"Abhijit Karve",slug:"abhijit-karve"},{id:"94930",title:"Dr.",name:"Jessy",middleName:null,surname:"Labbe",fullName:"Jessy Labbe",slug:"jessy-labbe"},{id:"94931",title:"Ms.",name:"Lee",middleName:null,surname:"Gunter",fullName:"Lee Gunter",slug:"lee-gunter"},{id:"94934",title:"Dr.",name:"Jin-Gui",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Jin-Gui Chen",slug:"jin-gui-chen"}]},{id:"20069",title:"Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Biofuels",slug:"microwave-assisted-synthesis-of-biofuels",signatures:"Armando T. Quitain, Shunsaku Katoh and Motonobu Goto",authors:[{id:"31504",title:"Dr.",name:"Motonobu",middleName:null,surname:"Goto",fullName:"Motonobu Goto",slug:"motonobu-goto"},{id:"37904",title:"Dr.",name:"Armando",middleName:"Tibigin",surname:"Quitain",fullName:"Armando Quitain",slug:"armando-quitain"},{id:"37905",title:"Dr.",name:"Shunsaku",middleName:null,surname:"Katoh",fullName:"Shunsaku Katoh",slug:"shunsaku-katoh"}]},{id:"20070",title:"Fertilizer Potential of Biofuel Byproducts",slug:"fertilizer-potential-of-biofuel-byproducts",signatures:"Amber Moore",authors:[{id:"24938",title:"Prof.",name:"Amber",middleName:"Dawn",surname:"Moore",fullName:"Amber Moore",slug:"amber-moore"}]},{id:"20071",title:"The Past, Present, and Future of Biofuels – Biobutanol as Promising Alternative",slug:"the-past-present-and-future-of-biofuels-biobutanol-as-promising-alternative",signatures:"Köpke Michael, Noack Steffi and Dürre Peter",authors:[{id:"37463",title:"Dr.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Dürre",fullName:"Peter Dürre",slug:"peter-durre"},{id:"38074",title:"Dr.",name:"Steffi",middleName:null,surname:"Noack",fullName:"Steffi Noack",slug:"steffi-noack"},{id:"38075",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Köpke",fullName:"Michael Köpke",slug:"michael-kopke"}]},{id:"20072",title:"DMF - A New Biofuel Candidate",slug:"dmf-a-new-biofuel-candidate",signatures:"Guohong Tian, Ritchie Daniel and Hongming Xu",authors:[{id:"44550",title:"Prof.",name:"Hongming",middleName:null,surname:"Xu",fullName:"Hongming Xu",slug:"hongming-xu"},{id:"100409",title:"Dr.",name:"Guohong",middleName:null,surname:"Tian",fullName:"Guohong Tian",slug:"guohong-tian"},{id:"100412",title:"Mr.",name:"Ritchie",middleName:null,surname:"Daniel",fullName:"Ritchie Daniel",slug:"ritchie-daniel"}]},{id:"20073",title:"Biofuels: From Hopes to Reality",slug:"biofuels-from-hopes-to-reality",signatures:"Carioca J.O.B., Friedrich, H. and Ehrenberger, S.",authors:[{id:"82687",title:"Dr",name:"José Osvaldo",middleName:null,surname:"Beserra Carioca",fullName:"José Osvaldo Beserra Carioca",slug:"jose-osvaldo-beserra-carioca"},{id:"82693",title:"Dr",name:"Horst",middleName:null,surname:"Friedrich",fullName:"Horst Friedrich",slug:"horst-friedrich"},{id:"82694",title:"Mrs",name:"Simone",middleName:null,surname:"Ehrenberger",fullName:"Simone Ehrenberger",slug:"simone-ehrenberger"}]},{id:"20074",title:"Bioproduction of Hydrogen with the Assistance of Electrochemical Technology",slug:"bioproduction-of-hydrogen-with-the-assistance-of-electrochemical-technology",signatures:"Soundarrajan Chandrasekaran and Dachamir Hotza",authors:[{id:"25552",title:"Prof.",name:"Dachamir",middleName:null,surname:"Hotza",fullName:"Dachamir Hotza",slug:"dachamir-hotza"},{id:"44695",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Soundarrajan",middleName:null,surname:"Chandrasekaran",fullName:"Soundarrajan Chandrasekaran",slug:"soundarrajan-chandrasekaran"}]},{id:"20075",title:"A Genetic-Fuzzy System for Modelling of Selected Processes in Diesel Engine Fuelled by Biofuels",slug:"a-genetic-fuzzy-system-for-modelling-of-selected-processes-in-diesel-engine-fuelled-by-biofuels",signatures:"Michał Kekez and Leszek Radziszewski",authors:[{id:"38787",title:"Dr.",name:"Michał",middleName:null,surname:"Kekez",fullName:"Michał Kekez",slug:"michal-kekez"},{id:"38812",title:"Prof.",name:"Leszek",middleName:null,surname:"Radziszewski",fullName:"Leszek Radziszewski",slug:"leszek-radziszewski"}]},{id:"20076",title:"Determination of the Impact of Biogas on the Engine Oil Condition Using a Sensor Based on Corrosiveness",slug:"determination-of-the-impact-of-biogas-on-the-engine-oil-condition-using-a-sensor-based-on-corrosiven",signatures:"C. Schneidhofer, S. Sen and N. Dörr",authors:[{id:"38255",title:"MSc",name:"Christoph",middleName:null,surname:"Schneidhofer",fullName:"Christoph Schneidhofer",slug:"christoph-schneidhofer"},{id:"38280",title:"BSc.",name:"Sedat",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",fullName:"Sedat Sen",slug:"sedat-sen"},{id:"38281",title:"Dr.",name:"Nicole",middleName:null,surname:"Dörr",fullName:"Nicole Dörr",slug:"nicole-dorr"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"296",title:"Developments in Heat Transfer",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"06bca9a8a622c1fa728dc3943bff471e",slug:"developments-in-heat-transfer",bookSignature:"Marco Aurélio dos Santos Bernardes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/296.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6625",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Aurelio",surname:"Dos Santos Bernardes",slug:"marco-aurelio-dos-santos-bernardes",fullName:"Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"531",title:"Evaporation, Condensation and Heat transfer",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"df4a2b5264d9893eafab9c49f7dec835",slug:"evaporation-condensation-and-heat-transfer",bookSignature:"Amimul Ahsan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/531.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36782",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Amimul",surname:"Ahsan",slug:"amimul-ahsan",fullName:"Amimul Ahsan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"533",title:"Heat Analysis and Thermodynamic Effects",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"43307d6e3a4a15728222e1ae75451353",slug:"heat-analysis-and-thermodynamic-effects",bookSignature:"Amimul Ahsan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/533.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36782",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Amimul",surname:"Ahsan",slug:"amimul-ahsan",fullName:"Amimul Ahsan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"625",title:"Heat Conduction",subtitle:"Basic Research",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fc597dbd40f10cbb8c09323c48d8bb15",slug:"heat-conduction-basic-research",bookSignature:"Vyacheslav S. Vikhrenko",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/625.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"66215",title:"Prof.",name:"Vyacheslav",surname:"Vikhrenko",slug:"vyacheslav-vikhrenko",fullName:"Vyacheslav Vikhrenko"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"926",title:"Thermodynamics",subtitle:"Kinetics of Dynamic Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"650764e8e17cc7d7bd87cbee632246f1",slug:"thermodynamics-kinetics-of-dynamic-systems",bookSignature:"Juan Carlos Moreno Piraján",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/926.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"14015",title:"Dr.",name:"Juan Carlos",surname:"Moreno Piraján",slug:"juan-carlos-moreno-pirajan",fullName:"Juan Carlos Moreno Piraján"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[{type:"book",id:"296",title:"Developments in Heat Transfer",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"06bca9a8a622c1fa728dc3943bff471e",slug:"developments-in-heat-transfer",bookSignature:"Marco Aurélio dos Santos Bernardes",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/296.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6625",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Aurelio",surname:"Dos Santos Bernardes",slug:"marco-aurelio-dos-santos-bernardes",fullName:"Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"80223",title:"Bridging the Gap: Nasoalveolar Moulding in Early Cleft Palate Rehabilitation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.101986",slug:"bridging-the-gap-nasoalveolar-moulding-in-early-cleft-palate-rehabilitation",body:'Each year, around 250,000 babies are born with some form of orofacial clefts [1]. Worldwide, the incidence of cleft is reported in one of every 600–800 newborns [2]. A vast majority of these babies are born in underdeveloped or developing countries. This already deplorable situation is aggravated by the fact that most of these cases are concentrated in rural areas where access to health care is severely inadequate or unavailable as compared to urban cities [3, 4].
In developed countries, cleft lip/palate (CL/P) is identified before birth by ultrasonography, which gives the parents much needed time for education and counselling regarding the additional care needed after birth. Consequently, due to the widespread access to medical care and scientific data, aetiology is scientifically understood to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In contrast, in developing countries prenatal care is less advanced or limited, a CL/P is usually unexpected and families rely less on medical explanations for the cleft and rely more on religion and folklore to explain the deformity [5].
Veau [6] classified clefts into (Figure 1).
Veau’s classification.
Group I: Cleft involving the soft palate alone.
Group II: Cleft involving the hard and soft palate up to the incisive foramen.
Group III: Complete unilateral cleft involving the soft and hard palate, the lip and alveolar ridge on one side.
Group IV: Complete bilateral cleft involving the soft and hard palate, the lip and alveolar ridge on both sides.
Successful rehabilitation of all these cases requires a multidisciplinary approach. Patients with orofacial clefts need to be treated at the right time and age to achieve functional and aesthetic well-being. The management of the child born with a cleft lip and palate requires coordinated care provided by a cleft care team [7], comprising of different individuals belonging to several specialities in:
Dental specialities (orthodontics, oral surgery, paediatric dentistry and prosthodontics),
Medical specialities (genetics, otolaryngology, paediatrics, plastic surgery and psychiatry),
Allied health care fields (audiology, nursing, psychology, social work and speech pathology)
In many developing countries, there are several unrepaired cleft patients due to the mismatch between the volume of patients and resources. Furthermore, babies who are born underweight or anaemic are not suitable for surgery. There is also an acute shortage of qualified surgeons available to treat them [8]. This results in patients who cannot reach their full social and economic potential [9]. Surgical repair alone cannot address the multiple issues encountered in patients with cleft lip and palate. One specific task is the aesthetic recreation of the deficient columella. The earliest mention of presurgical infant orthopaedics was in the 1950s. This adjunctive therapy reduced the severity of the initial cleft deformity before surgery. This enabled the surgeon to enjoy the benefits associated with surgical repair in an infant with a minimal cleft deformity and reduced the need for a secondary surgery [10].
This chapter describes the technique of presurgical nasoalveolar moulding (PNAM), which was first described by Grayson et al. [11] in 1993 and had several modifications made over the years by Brecht et al. [12] in 1995, Grayson and Santiago [13] in 1997 and Cutting et al. [14] in 1998. This approach involves the active moulding and repositioning of the deformed nasal cartilages and alveolar process and lengthening the deficient columella, using the NAM appliance which consists of nasal stents attached to an intraoral moulding plate to aid in the moulding of the clefted alveolar ridge and nasal cartilage. The primary goal of PNAM is to achieve good arch form and eventually stabilisation.
The concept of NAM works on Matsuo’s principle that a high degree of plasticity is seen in the cartilages of infants in the first few months after birth. A high amount of circulating maternal oestrogen causes an increase in the amount of hyaluronic acid in the fetal cartilage, rendering it plastic. Hence, active soft tissue and cartilage moulding are most successful if initiated within the first 6 weeks of life [15].
Clinical examinations of babies born with unilateral cleft lip and palate often show significant nasal deformities. The lower lateral alar cartilage is concave and depressed in the alar rim and separated from the contralateral cartilage. This results in a depressed nasal tip and possibly an overhang of the apex of the nostril. The columella and nasal septum are deviated towards the cleft, and the base towards the non-cleft side. Furthermore, the orbicularis oris muscle in the lateral lip segments contracts into a bulge with some fibres running superiorly along the margins of the cleft towards the nasal tip (Figure 2) [16, 17].
Unilateral orofacial cleft lip and palate.
Babies born with bilateral cleft lip and palate often present a challenge to the cleft care team. In these cases, the alar cartilages have failed to migrate up into the nasal tip and stretch the columella. So, the cartilages are positioned along the alar margins and are stretched over the cleft as flaring alae. The prolabium also lacks muscle tissue and is positioned directly on the end of the shortened columella. In the complete bilateral cleft, the premaxilla is suspended from the tip of the nasal septum, while the clefted alveolar segments stay behind (Figure 3) [18, 19]. The primary issue in these cases is that the premaxilla is unattached laterally and is positioned far too anteriorly by the time lip surgery is scheduled. Secondly, in some cases, the lateral width of the premaxilla exceeds the anterior space between the two lateral maxillary segments. A combination of these two challenges may also exist.
Bilateral orofacial cleft lip and palate.
Before commencing any treatment procedures, the parents/caregivers are counselled about PNAM therapy. The procedure, goals, possible complications and their role is explained to them.
Several impression materials and techniques have been advocated for making the impression of the clefted alveolar segments. Grayson and Shetye [20] advised keeping the child nil orally for about 4 hours and making the impression while holding the baby upside down to prevent aspiration in the event of vomiting and asphyxia due to airway obstruction. A thick mix of tissue conditioning material was loaded onto the tray and inserted intraorally. The impression is allowed to set while the baby is making suckling actions in order to create the desired border seal and ensure the baby’s ability to perform nasal breathing. The baby’s oxygen level was monitored during the entire duration of impression making.
Retnakumari et al. [21] used heavy body silicone impression material with the baby in a supine position during the procedure. Dubey et al. [22] kept the baby in the mother’s lap with the head facing downward and her hands supporting the baby’s chest and lap region while making the impression. Yang et al. [23] advised alginate impressions using a beaded pretrimmed paediatric tray. Splengler et al. [24] made intraoral and extraoral alginate impressions with the baby under general anaesthesia. This method is generally not recommended as the patient is subjected to hospitalisation for an impression procedure.
Irrespective of the material and technique used, the sole objective of including all the available undercuts in the dental cast should be met. An ideal impression material must be rigid and set fairly quickly in the baby’s mouth. The baby is positioned in an upright position, fully awake on the caregiver’s lap. It is preferable if the baby is crying, as it allows better visuals of the extent of the cleft. The entire clefted palate should be recorded (Figure 4) and the size of the cleft should be determined on the resultant cast using a Vernier calliper.
Impression of the clefted segments in a unilateral cleft (A) and a bilateral cleft (B).
The moulding plate is fabricated on the dental stone cast obtained from the impression. All the undercuts and the cleft space are blocked with wax. The moulding plate is made up of clear acrylic. A 5 mm hole is incorporated to facilitate breathing in case of accidental dislodgement (Figure 5). The plate must be 2–3 mm in thickness to provide structural integrity and permit adjustments during the process of moulding.
On the obtained cast (A), cleft space is blocked out with wax (B) and the moulding plate is fabricated with a breathing hole (C).
A retentive acrylic arm is fabricated and positioned labially at an angle of 40 degrees to the plate. It should be placed at the junction of the upper and lower lip. The retentive arm adequately secures the moulding plate in the mouth with the help of orthodontic elastics and tapes. In bilateral cases, there is a need for two retentive arms (Figure 6) [13]. The appliance has to be finished and polished ensuring that no sharp borders are present.
Two retentive arms are incorporated in bilateral cases.
The NAM appliance was tried on the baby. The intaglio surface of the plate was then modified to allow for selective pressure on the two segments of the arch using tissue conditioner. There is selective removal of acrylic in the region into which the movement of alveolar bone is desired; and tissue conditioner was added to regions from which, the alveolar bone needed to be reduced. Selective pressure was applied on the greater and lesser alveolar segments to permit moulding. 1 mm thickness of tissue conditioner was applied onto the outer surface in the region of the greater segment and the inner surface was relieved by 1 mm. Tissue conditioner was also applied on the inner surface in the region of the lesser segment and the outer region was relieved by 1 mm (Figure 7). This caused a force that was directed inward on the greater segment and outward on the lesser segment that would cause approximation of alveolar tissue [25].
Selective pressure applied on the clefted alveolar segments.
The NAM appliance is secured extra orally to the cheeks and bilaterally by surgical tapes with orthodontic elastic bands at one end. A muslin head cap with Velcro strips at the side is tailor-made for the baby (Figure 8). The Velcro strips provided attachment of the elastic bands, as well as facilitated their placement and removal. The elastic band is looped on the retentive arm of the moulding plate and secured with tape to the cheeks. The elastics with an inner diameter of 0.25 inch, and heavy wall thickness, should be stretched to about twice their resting diameter in order to achieve an ideal activation force of about 100 g. The amount of force could vary depending on the clinical objective and the mucosal tolerance to ulceration. Additional tapes may be necessary to secure the horizontal tape to the cheeks.
A custom made muslin head cap used to secure the NAM appliance.
The infant may require time to adjust to feeding with the NAM appliance in the first few days. The baby is seen weekly to make adjustments to the moulding plate. These adjustments are made by selectively removing the hard acrylic and adding the soft tissue conditioner to the moulding plate. No more than 1 mm of modification of the moulding plate should be made per visit. The desired movement can usually be accomplished within 6 to 8 weeks.
The NAM appliance needs to be worn 24 hours a day and removed only for daily cleaning, and needs to be inserted back soon afterwards. Even after 3 weeks, most cases did not show any clinical evidence of tissue irritation or accumulation of debris.
The effectiveness of the selective moulding is enhanced by adequately supporting the appliance against the palatal tissues and taping the lip segments across the cheek. This tight apposition of the lip segments provides the same benefit of traditional lip adhesion, but without the consequent scarring. It also serves to improve the alignment of the nasal base by bringing the columella towards the midsagittal plane, thereby improving the symmetry of the nostrils. Lip adhesion in isolation produces an uncontrolled orthopaedic movement. However, if carried out along with the moulding plate, the movements can be more precise and controlled.
The nasal stent is added to the NAM appliance when the width of the cleft is reduced to a size of ≥6 mm. The reasoning behind delaying the addition of the nasal stent is that when the cleft size reduces, the alignment of the base of the nose and the lip segment also improves. The alar rim, which was initially stretched over the clefted segments at birth, will show some laxity, now that the cleft size has reduced and thus can be elevated into a symmetrical and convex form with the nasal stent. Any attempt to correct this deformity before reducing the cleft size may result in an undesirable increase in the lateral alar wall [26].
Matsuo and Hirose [27] suggested a silicone nasal conformer, which can be used for presurgical nasal moulding. The height of the conformer is adjusted by gradually adding some soft resin or flat silicone sheets on the domes. It can be used for presurgical elongation of the columella in incomplete clefts or postoperative maintenance of the nostril configuration. Blanching occurs at the nasal tip as infant suckles and activates the appliance. It also exerts a reciprocal intraoral moulding force against the clefted alveolar segments.
Grayson and Shetye [20] adapted nasal stent to extend from the anterior flange of an intraoral moulding plate. The greatest advantage of NAM is that it enables the practitioner to apply force skilfully to shape the nasal cartilage. Figueroa’s technique [28] involves the simultaneous moulding of the alveolar cleft and nasal cartilage using a rigid acrylic nasal extension attached to an acrylic plate. Elastics are attached to the acrylic plate to allow gentle retraction of the premaxilla. A soft resin ball may also be attached to the acrylic plate across the prolabium in order to maintain the nasolabial angle. In bilateral cases, there is a need for two retentive arms as well as two nasal stents which are similar in shape to the unilateral stent.
The nasal stent is made from 19 gauge (0.36 inch), round stainless-steel wire, in the shape of a ‘Swan Neck’ (Figure 9). The base of the stent should be located midway between the clefted lip segments. The superior loop is adjusted to fit passively in the nostril on the cleft side. The nasal portion of the wire is then covered with self-cure clear acrylic and then by a layer of the tissue conditioner until mild blanching is evident. This superior lobe gently lifts the nasal dome forward, while the lower lobe lifts the tip of the nose and defines the top of the columella.
Nasal stent.
Through gradual increments of tissue conditioner, the nostril on the cleft side is lifted to achieve acceptable elevation, and symmetry moulding continued until the desired nasal cartilage and alveolar shape is achieved.
Shetty et al [29] used the following protocol for presurgical NAM therapy:
Parent education and counselling: Use of audiovisual aids and live demonstrations
Interaction with parents of older NAM patients
Diet counselling
Detailed documentation: Photographs and Dentofacial impressions
Medical evaluation of patients
Demonstration of daily appliance care
Awareness and management of possible complications
Evaluation of patient and parent compliance
Detailed documentation
Evaluation of fit of the appliance and required modifications
About 8–10 mm gap between the clefted segments—aggressive alveolar moulding
Evaluation of patient and parent compliance
Detailed documentation
Comparison of dentofacial impressions recorded before treatment outcome and assessment.
Fit of the appliance and required modifications
Nasal moulding
Active alveolar moulding continued till completion
Passive alveolar moulding started once complete approximation of alveolar segment achieved
Fabrication of new appliance every 2 months
Parents participation in periodic NAM workshops
Washing of plate should be with warm water
Never use a brush to clean the plate that will damage the resin
Never drop the plate
Clean after every feeding to avoid fungal infection
Feed the baby at an upright position not sleeping
In case of rash – discontinue plate – apply cream – continue plate wearing
In case of gag inform doctor
In case of incessant crying—discontinue plate
In case of bleeding areas discontinue plate – inform the doctor
Gag—trim posterior ends
Bleeding—trim sharp ends
Bleeding from skin—stop wearing the plate—use soothing lotions
Plate gets dislodged—reduce force or change direction of tapes, change angulations of the handle
Baby dislodges the plate by tongue—flatten the palatal surface so that the tongue does not get a grip
The success of PNAM depends upon the surgical procedure and the treating surgeon’s skill. The surgical procedure, most commonly recommended is the modified gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP), described by Millard and Lantham [30] carried out usually within 12–16 weeks of age. The surgery may be delayed in cases where additional weeks of PNAM therapy is needed. The surgical procedure involves a first stage primary lip nose repair to close the alveolar defect followed by one-stage palatal repair at 11–13 months of age when speech begins to develope (Figure 10) [31].
Lip and nose surgery.
Postsurgery, an additional external nasal stent can be given for 1 year to improve the nasal morphology if it did not resemble the unaffected side and also maintain the nasal correction if needed. The postsurgical external nasal stent is fabricated by making an impression of the unaffected nostril using tissue conditioner, and using it to mould the nasal contour on the cleft side [32].
The most common complication with the NAM therapy is irritation of the oral mucosa, gingival tissue and nasal mucosa. These issues arise due to the forces applied by the appliance [20]. They can be avoided by careful examination and modification of the extent and fit of the appliance. Fungal infection is another complication that can occur due to poor oral hygiene and continuous wear of the appliance. This can be avoided by following a meticulous oral hygiene routine and following the wash care instructions for the NAM plate. In severe cases, local nystatin or systemic amphotericin can be used [33].
Presurgical infant orthopaedics by means of nasoalveolar moulding enables the surgeon to carry out gingivoperiosteoplasty, which decreases the need for a second surgery. Bilateral cases, especially benefit as columella lengthening is carried out nonsurgically. It also minimises scar tissue formation and provides for more consistent outcomes. PNAM is most successful when initiated early and through meticulous planning and collaboration between the various disciplines.
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Her research interests include archaea metabolism, enzymes purification and characterization, gene regulation, carotenoids and bioplastics production, antioxidant\ncompounds, waste water treatments, and brines bioremediation.\nRosa María’s other roles include editorial board member for several journals related\nto biochemistry, reviewer for more than 60 journals (biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, chemistry and microbiology) and president of several organizing committees in international meetings related to the N-cycle or respiratory processes.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/15.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11411,editor:{id:"441442",title:"Dr.",name:"Şükrü",middleName:null,surname:"Beydemir",slug:"sukru-beydemir",fullName:"Şükrü Beydemir",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00003GsUoIQAV/Profile_Picture_1634557147521",biography:"Dr. Şükrü Beydemir obtained a BSc in Chemistry in 1995 from Yüzüncü Yıl University, MSc in Biochemistry in 1998, and PhD in Biochemistry in 2002 from Atatürk University, Turkey. 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He is a member of the Turkish Biochemical Society, American Chemical Society, and German Genetics society. Dr. Ekinci published around ninety scientific papers, reviews and book chapters, and presented several conferences to scientists. He has received numerous publication awards from several scientific councils. 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She gained considerable experience in developing and validating new methodologies whose applications allowed her to determine both the amount of biomarkers (Desmosine and Isodesmosine) in the urine of patients affected by COPD, and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (HNE, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in the sputa of these patients. Simona Viglio was also involved in research dealing with the supplementation of amino acids in patients with brain injury and chronic heart failure. She is presently engaged in the development of 2-DE and LC-MS techniques for the study of proteomics in biological fluids. The aim of this research is the identification of potential biomarkers of lung diseases. 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He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. 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He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. 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He has both an MS and Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering. He was previously a research scientist at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and visiting professor and researcher at the University of North Dakota. He is currently working in artificial intelligence and its applications in medical signal processing. In addition, he is using digital signal processing in medical imaging and speech processing. Dr. Asadpour has developed brain-computer interfacing algorithms and has published books, book chapters, and several journal and conference papers in this field and other areas of intelligent signal processing. He has also designed medical devices, including a laser Doppler monitoring system.",institutionString:"Kaiser Permanente Southern California",institution:null},{id:"169608",title:"Prof.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Găiceanu",slug:"marian-gaiceanu",fullName:"Marian Găiceanu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/169608/images/system/169608.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Marian Gaiceanu graduated from the Naval and Electrical Engineering Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania, in 1997. He received a Ph.D. (Magna Cum Laude) in Electrical Engineering in 2002. Since 2017, Dr. Gaiceanu has been a Ph.D. supervisor for students in Electrical Engineering. He has been employed at Dunarea de Jos University of Galati since 1996, where he is currently a professor. Dr. Gaiceanu is a member of the National Council for Attesting Titles, Diplomas and Certificates, an expert of the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research Funding, and a member of the Senate of the Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. He has been the head of the Integrated Energy Conversion Systems and Advanced Control of Complex Processes Research Center, Romania, since 2016. He has conducted several projects in power converter systems for electrical drives, power quality, PEM and SOFC fuel cell power converters for utilities, electric vehicles, and marine applications with the Department of Regulation and Control, SIEI S.pA. (2002–2004) and the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy (2002–2004, 2006–2007). He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and cofounder-member of the IEEE Power Electronics Romanian Chapter. He is a guest editor at Energies and an academic book editor for IntechOpen. He is also a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science and Sustainability. Dr. Gaiceanu has been General Chairman of the IEEE International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the last six editions.",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",biography:"Jaydip Sen is associated with Praxis Business School, Kolkata, India, as a professor in the Department of Data Science. His research areas include security and privacy issues in computing and communication, intrusion detection systems, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence in the financial domain. He has more than 200 publications in reputed international journals, refereed conference proceedings, and 20 book chapters in books published by internationally renowned publishing houses, such as Springer, CRC press, IGI Global, etc. Currently, he is serving on the editorial board of the prestigious journal Frontiers in Communications and Networks and in the technical program committees of a number of high-ranked international conferences organized by the IEEE, USA, and the ACM, USA. He has been listed among the top 2% of scientists in the world for the last three consecutive years, 2019 to 2021 as per studies conducted by the Stanford University, USA.",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null},{id:"320071",title:"Dr.",name:"Sidra",middleName:null,surname:"Mehtab",slug:"sidra-mehtab",fullName:"Sidra Mehtab",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002v6KHoQAM/Profile_Picture_1584512086360",biography:"Sidra Mehtab has completed her BS with honors in Physics from Calcutta University, India in 2018. She has done MS in Data Science and Analytics from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), Kolkata, India in 2020. Her research areas include Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer and Network Security with a particular focus on Cyber Security Analytics. Ms. Mehtab has published seven papers in international conferences and one of her papers has been accepted for publication in a reputable international journal. She has won the best paper awards in two prestigious international conferences – BAICONF 2019, and ICADCML 2021, organized in the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India in December 2019, and SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India in January 2021. Besides, Ms. Mehtab has also published two book chapters in two books. Seven of her book chapters will be published in a volume shortly in 2021 by Cambridge Scholars’ Press, UK. Currently, she is working as the joint editor of two edited volumes on Time Series Analysis and Forecasting to be published in the first half of 2021 by an international house. Currently, she is working as a Data Scientist with an MNC in Delhi, India.",institutionString:"NSHM College of Management and Technology",institution:null},{id:"226240",title:"Dr.",name:"Andri Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Rifai",slug:"andri-irfan-rifai",fullName:"Andri Irfan Rifai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/226240/images/7412_n.jpg",biography:"Andri IRFAN is a Senior Lecturer of Civil Engineering and Planning. He completed the PhD at the Universitas Indonesia & Universidade do Minho with Sandwich Program Scholarship from the Directorate General of Higher Education and LPDP scholarship. He has been teaching for more than 19 years and much active to applied his knowledge in the project construction in Indonesia. His research interest ranges from pavement management system to advanced data mining techniques for transportation engineering. He has published more than 50 papers in journals and 2 books.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universitas Internasional Batam",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"314576",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibai",middleName:null,surname:"Laña",slug:"ibai-lana",fullName:"Ibai Laña",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314576/images/system/314576.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ibai Laña works at TECNALIA as a data analyst. He received his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain, in 2018. He is currently a senior researcher at TECNALIA. His research interests fall within the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, machine learning, traffic data analysis, and data science. He has dealt with urban traffic forecasting problems, applying machine learning models and evolutionary algorithms. He has experience in origin-destination matrix estimation or point of interest and trajectory detection. Working with large volumes of data has given him a good command of big data processing tools and NoSQL databases. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"314575",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus",middleName:null,surname:"L. Lobo",slug:"jesus-l.-lobo",fullName:"Jesus L. Lobo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314575/images/system/314575.png",biography:"Dr. Jesús López is currently based in Bilbao (Spain) working at TECNALIA as Artificial Intelligence Research Scientist. In most cases, a project idea or a new research line needs to be investigated to see if it is good enough to take into production or to focus on it. That is exactly what he does, diving into Machine Learning algorithms and technologies to help TECNALIA to decide whether something is great in theory or will actually impact on the product or processes of its projects. So, he is expert at framing experiments, developing hypotheses, and proving whether they’re true or not, in order to investigate fundamental problems with a longer time horizon. He is also able to design and develop PoCs and system prototypes in simulation. He has participated in several national and internacional R&D projects.\n\nAs another relevant part of his everyday research work, he usually publishes his findings in reputed scientific refereed journals and international conferences, occasionally acting as reviewer and Programme Commitee member. Concretely, since 2018 he has published 9 JCR (8 Q1) journal papers, 9 conference papers (e.g. ECML PKDD 2021), and he has co-edited a book. He is also active in popular science writing data science stories for reputed blogs (KDNuggets, TowardsDataScience, Naukas). Besides, he has recently embarked on mentoring programmes as mentor, and has also worked as data science trainer.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"103779",title:"Prof.",name:"Yalcin",middleName:null,surname:"Isler",slug:"yalcin-isler",fullName:"Yalcin Isler",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRyQ8QAK/Profile_Picture_1628834958734",biography:"Yalcin Isler (1971 - Burdur / Turkey) received the B.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, in 1993, the M.Sc. degree from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, in 1996, the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey, in 2009, and the Competence of Associate Professorship from the Turkish Interuniversity Council in 2019.\n\nHe was Lecturer at Burdur Vocational School in Suleyman Demirel University (1993-2000, Burdur / Turkey), Software Engineer (2000-2002, Izmir / Turkey), Research Assistant in Bulent Ecevit University (2002-2003, Zonguldak / Turkey), Research Assistant in Dokuz Eylul University (2003-2010, Izmir / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Bulent Ecevit University (2010-2012, Zonguldak / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Izmir Katip Celebi University (2012-2019, Izmir / Turkey). He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir / Turkey, since 2019. In addition to academics, he has also founded Islerya Medical and Information Technologies Company, Izmir / Turkey, since 2017.\n\nHis main research interests cover biomedical signal processing, pattern recognition, medical device design, programming, and embedded systems. He has many scientific papers and participated in several projects in these study fields. He was an IEEE Student Member (2009-2011) and IEEE Member (2011-2014) and has been IEEE Senior Member since 2014.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"339677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mrinmoy",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",slug:"mrinmoy-roy",fullName:"Mrinmoy Roy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/339677/images/16768_n.jpg",biography:"An accomplished Sales & Marketing professional with 12 years of cross-functional experience in well-known organisations such as CIPLA, LUPIN, GLENMARK, ASTRAZENECA across different segment of Sales & Marketing, International Business, Institutional Business, Product Management, Strategic Marketing of HIV, Oncology, Derma, Respiratory, Anti-Diabetic, Nutraceutical & Stomatological Product Portfolio and Generic as well as Chronic Critical Care Portfolio. A First Class MBA in International Business & Strategic Marketing, B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Google Certified Digital Marketing Professional. Qualified PhD Candidate in Operations and Management with special focus on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning adoption, analysis and use in Healthcare, Hospital & Pharma Domain. Seasoned with diverse therapy area of Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing ranging from generating revenue through generating prescriptions, launching new products, and making them big brands with continuous strategy execution at the Physician and Patients level. Moved from Sales to Marketing and Business Development for 3.5 years in South East Asian Market operating from Manila, Philippines. Came back to India and handled and developed Brands such as Gluconorm, Lupisulin, Supracal, Absolut Woman, Hemozink, Fabiflu (For COVID 19), and many more. In my previous assignment I used to develop and execute strategies on Sales & Marketing, Commercialization & Business Development for Institution and Corporate Hospital Business portfolio of Oncology Therapy Area for AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd. Being a Research Scholar and Student of ‘Operations Research & Management: Artificial Intelligence’ I published several pioneer research papers and book chapters on the same in Internationally reputed journals and Books indexed in Scopus, Springer and Ei Compendex, Google Scholar etc. Currently, I am launching PGDM Pharmaceutical Management Program in IIHMR Bangalore and spearheading the course curriculum and structure of the same. I am interested in Collaboration for Healthcare Innovation, Pharma AI Innovation, Future trend in Marketing and Management with incubation on Healthcare, Healthcare IT startups, AI-ML Modelling and Healthcare Algorithm based training module development. I am also an affiliated member of the Institute of Management Consultant of India, looking forward to Healthcare, Healthcare IT and Innovation, Pharma and Hospital Management Consulting works.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lovely Professional University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"310576",title:"Prof.",name:"Erick Giovani",middleName:null,surname:"Sperandio Nascimento",slug:"erick-giovani-sperandio-nascimento",fullName:"Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0033Y00002pDKxDQAW/ProfilePicture%202022-06-20%2019%3A57%3A24.788",biography:"Prof. Erick Sperandio is the Lead Researcher and professor of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at SENAI CIMATEC, Bahia, Brazil, also working with Computational Modeling (CM) and HPC. He holds a PhD in Environmental Engineering in the area of Atmospheric Computational Modeling, a Master in Informatics in the field of Computational Intelligence and Graduated in Computer Science from UFES. He currently coordinates, leads and participates in R&D projects in the areas of AI, computational modeling and supercomputing applied to different areas such as Oil and Gas, Health, Advanced Manufacturing, Renewable Energies and Atmospheric Sciences, advising undergraduate, master's and doctoral students. He is the Lead Researcher at SENAI CIMATEC's Reference Center on Artificial Intelligence. In addition, he is a Certified Instructor and University Ambassador of the NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute (DLI) in the areas of Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing and Recommender Systems, and Principal Investigator of the NVIDIA/CIMATEC AI Joint Lab, the first in Latin America within the NVIDIA AI Technology Center (NVAITC) worldwide program. He also works as a researcher at the Supercomputing Center for Industrial Innovation (CS2i) and at the SENAI Institute of Innovation for Automation (ISI Automação), both from SENAI CIMATEC. He is a member and vice-coordinator of the Basic Board of Scientific-Technological Advice and Evaluation, in the area of Innovation, of the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB). He serves as Technology Transfer Coordinator and one of the Principal Investigators at the National Applied Research Center in Artificial Intelligence (CPA-IA) of SENAI CIMATEC, focusing on Industry, being one of the six CPA-IA in Brazil approved by MCTI / FAPESP / CGI.br. He also participates as one of the representatives of Brazil in the BRICS Innovation Collaboration Working Group on HPC, ICT and AI. He is the coordinator of the Work Group of the Axis 5 - Workforce and Training - of the Brazilian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (EBIA), and member of the MCTI/EMBRAPII AI Innovation Network Training Committee. He is the coordinator, by SENAI CIMATEC, of the Artificial Intelligence Reference Network of the State of Bahia (REDE BAH.IA). He leads the working group of experts representing Brazil in the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), on the theme \"AI and the Pandemic Response\".",institutionString:"Manufacturing and Technology Integrated Campus – SENAI CIMATEC",institution:null},{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",biography:"Dr. Eneko Osaba works at TECNALIA as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence in 2015. He has participated in more than twenty-five local and European research projects, and in the publication of more than 130 papers. He has performed several stays at universities in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Malta. Dr. Osaba has served as a program committee member in more than forty international conferences and participated in organizing activities in more than ten international conferences. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data in Brief, and Journal of Advanced Transportation. He is also a guest editor for the Journal of Computational Science, Neurocomputing, Swarm, and Evolutionary Computation and IEEE ITS Magazine.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"275829",title:"Dr.",name:"Esther",middleName:null,surname:"Villar-Rodriguez",slug:"esther-villar-rodriguez",fullName:"Esther Villar-Rodriguez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275829/images/system/275829.jpg",biography:"Dr. Esther Villar obtained a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Alcalá, Spain, in 2015. She obtained a degree in Computer Science from the University of Deusto, Spain, in 2010, and an MSc in Computer Languages and Systems from the National University of Distance Education, Spain, in 2012. Her areas of interest and knowledge include natural language processing (NLP), detection of impersonation in social networks, semantic web, and machine learning. Dr. Esther Villar made several contributions at conferences and publishing in various journals in those fields. Currently, she is working within the OPTIMA (Optimization Modeling & Analytics) business of TECNALIA’s ICT Division as a data scientist in projects related to the prediction and optimization of management and industrial processes (resource planning, energy efficiency, etc).",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null},{id:"278948",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"carlos-pedro-goncalves",fullName:"Carlos Pedro Gonçalves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRcmyQAC/Profile_Picture_1564224512145",biography:'Carlos Pedro Gonçalves (PhD) is an Associate Professor at Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies and a researcher on Complexity Sciences, Quantum Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Studies, Studies in Intelligence and Security, FinTech and Financial Risk Modeling. He is also a progammer with programming experience in:\n\nA) Quantum Computing using Qiskit Python module and IBM Quantum Experience Platform, with software developed on the simulation of Quantum Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Cybersecurity;\n\nB) Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning programming in Python;\n\nC) Artificial Intelligence, Multiagent Systems Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling in Netlogo, with models developed in the areas of Chaos Theory, Econophysics, Artificial Intelligence, Classical and Quantum Complex Systems Science, with the Econophysics models having been cited worldwide and incorporated in PhD programs by different Universities.\n\nReceived an Arctic Code Vault Contributor status by GitHub, due to having developed open source software preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\" for future generations (https://archiveprogram.github.com/arctic-vault/), with the Strategy Analyzer A.I. module for decision making support (based on his PhD thesis, used in his Classes on Decision Making and in Strategic Intelligence Consulting Activities) and QNeural Python Quantum Neural Network simulator also preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\", for access to these software modules see: https://github.com/cpgoncalves. He is also a peer reviewer with outsanding review status from Elsevier journals, including Physica A, Neurocomputing and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Science CV available at: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//pt/8E1C-A8B3-78C5 and ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3974',institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"Universidade Lusófona",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"241400",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Bsiss",slug:"mohammed-bsiss",fullName:"Mohammed Bsiss",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241400/images/8062_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"276128",title:"Dr.",name:"Hira",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"hira-fatima",fullName:"Hira Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/276128/images/14420_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hira Fatima\nAssistant Professor\nDepartment of Mathematics\nInstitute of Applied Science\nMangalayatan University, Aligarh\nMobile: no : 8532041179\nhirafatima2014@gmal.com\n\nDr. Hira Fatima has received his Ph.D. degree in pure Mathematics from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India. Currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied Science, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh. She taught so many courses of Mathematics of UG and PG level. Her research Area of Expertise is Functional Analysis & Sequence Spaces. She has been working on Ideal Convergence of double sequence. She has published 17 research papers in National and International Journals including Cogent Mathematics, Filomat, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Advances in Difference Equations, Journal of Mathematical Analysis, Journal of Mathematical & Computer Science etc. She has also reviewed few research papers for the and international journals. She is a member of Indian Mathematical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"414880",title:"Dr.",name:"Maryam",middleName:null,surname:"Vatankhah",slug:"maryam-vatankhah",fullName:"Maryam Vatankhah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Borough of Manhattan Community College",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"414879",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammad-Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",slug:"mohammad-reza-akbarzadeh-totonchi",fullName:"Mohammad-Reza Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"414878",title:"Prof.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Fazel-Rezai",slug:"reza-fazel-rezai",fullName:"Reza Fazel-Rezai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"American Public University System",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"302698",title:"Dr.",name:"Yao",middleName:null,surname:"Shan",slug:"yao-shan",fullName:"Yao Shan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Dalian University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"125911",title:"Prof.",name:"Jia-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"jia-ching-wang",fullName:"Jia-Ching Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Central University",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"357085",title:"Mr.",name:"P. Mohan",middleName:null,surname:"Anand",slug:"p.-mohan-anand",fullName:"P. Mohan Anand",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356696",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"P.V.",middleName:null,surname:"Sai Charan",slug:"p.v.-sai-charan",fullName:"P.V. Sai Charan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"357086",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandeep K.",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",slug:"sandeep-k.-shukla",fullName:"Sandeep K. Shukla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356823",title:"MSc.",name:"Seonghee",middleName:null,surname:"Min",slug:"seonghee-min",fullName:"Seonghee Min",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Daegu University",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"353307",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoosoo",middleName:null,surname:"Oh",slug:"yoosoo-oh",fullName:"Yoosoo Oh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:"Yoosoo Oh received his Bachelor's degree in the Department of Electronics and Engineering from Kyungpook National University in 2002. He obtained his Master’s degree in the Department of Information and Communications from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) in 2003. In 2010, he received his Ph.D. degree in the School of Information and Mechatronics from GIST. In the meantime, he was an executed team leader at Culture Technology Institute, GIST, 2010-2012. In 2011, he worked at Lancaster University, the UK as a visiting scholar. In September 2012, he joined Daegu University, where he is currently an associate professor in the School of ICT Conver, Daegu University. Also, he served as the Board of Directors of KSIIS since 2019, and HCI Korea since 2016. From 2017~2019, he worked as a center director of the Mixed Reality Convergence Research Center at Daegu University. From 2015-2017, He worked as a director in the Enterprise Supporting Office of LINC Project Group, Daegu University. His research interests include Activity Fusion & Reasoning, Machine Learning, Context-aware Middleware, Human-Computer Interaction, etc.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"262719",title:"Dr.",name:"Esma",middleName:null,surname:"Ergüner Özkoç",slug:"esma-erguner-ozkoc",fullName:"Esma Ergüner Özkoç",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Başkent University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"346530",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibrahim",middleName:null,surname:"Kaya",slug:"ibrahim-kaya",fullName:"Ibrahim Kaya",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"419199",title:"Dr.",name:"Qun",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"qun-yang",fullName:"Qun Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Auckland",country:{name:"New Zealand"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"25",type:"subseries",title:"Evolutionary Computation",keywords:"Genetic Algorithms, Genetic Programming, Evolutionary Programming, Evolution Strategies, Hybrid Algorithms, Bioinspired Metaheuristics, Ant Colony Optimization, Evolutionary Learning, Hyperparameter Optimization",scope:"Evolutionary computing is a paradigm that has grown dramatically in recent years. This group of bio-inspired metaheuristics solves multiple optimization problems by applying the metaphor of natural selection. It so far has solved problems such as resource allocation, routing, schedule planning, and engineering design. Moreover, in the field of machine learning, evolutionary computation has carved out a significant niche both in the generation of learning models and in the automatic design and optimization of hyperparameters in deep learning models. This collection aims to include quality volumes on various topics related to evolutionary algorithms and, alternatively, other metaheuristics of interest inspired by nature. For example, some of the issues of interest could be the following: Advances in evolutionary computation (Genetic algorithms, Genetic programming, Bio-inspired metaheuristics, Hybrid metaheuristics, Parallel ECs); Applications of evolutionary algorithms (Machine learning and Data Mining with EAs, Search-Based Software Engineering, Scheduling, and Planning Applications, Smart Transport Applications, Applications to Games, Image Analysis, Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition, Applications to Sustainability).",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",hasOnlineFirst:!1,hasPublishedBooks:!0,annualVolume:11421,editor:{id:"136112",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Ventura Soto",slug:"sebastian-ventura-soto",fullName:"Sebastian Ventura Soto",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/136112/images/system/136112.png",biography:"Sebastian Ventura is a Spanish researcher, a full professor with the Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba. Dr Ventura also holds the positions of Affiliated Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, USA) and Distinguished Adjunct Professor at King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Additionally, he is deputy director of the Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI) and heads the Knowledge Discovery and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory. He has published more than ten books and over 300 articles in journals and scientific conferences. Currently, his work has received over 18,000 citations according to Google Scholar, including more than 2200 citations in 2020. In the last five years, he has published more than 60 papers in international journals indexed in the JCR (around 70% of them belonging to first quartile journals) and he has edited some Springer books “Supervised Descriptive Pattern Mining” (2018), “Multiple Instance Learning - Foundations and Algorithms” (2016), and “Pattern Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms” (2016). He has also been involved in more than 20 research projects supported by the Spanish and Andalusian governments and the European Union. He currently belongs to the editorial board of PeerJ Computer Science, Information Fusion and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence journals, being also associate editor of Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing and IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics. Finally, he is editor-in-chief of Progress in Artificial Intelligence. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE Computer, the IEEE Computational Intelligence, and the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Societies, and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Finally, his main research interests include data science, computational intelligence, and their applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Córdoba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,series:{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",issn:"2633-1403"},editorialBoard:[{id:"111683",title:"Prof.",name:"Elmer P.",middleName:"P.",surname:"Dadios",slug:"elmer-p.-dadios",fullName:"Elmer P. 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