List of severe earthquakes in India (7 Mw): Magnitude-PGA-intensity.
\\n\\n
These books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\\n\\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\\n\\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched formed a partnership to support researchers working in engineering sciences by enabling an easier approach to publishing Open Access content. Using the Knowledge Unlatched crowdfunding model to raise the publishing costs through libraries around the world, Open Access Publishing Fee (OAPF) was not required from the authors.
\n\nInitially, the partnership supported engineering research, but it soon grew to include physical and life sciences, attracting more researchers to the advantages of Open Access publishing.
\n\n\n\nThese books synthesize perspectives of renowned scientists from the world’s most prestigious institutions - from Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute in Japan to Stanford University in the United States, including Columbia University (US), University of Sidney (AU), University of Miami (USA), Cardiff University (UK), and many others.
\n\nThis collaboration embodied the true essence of Open Access by simplifying the approach to OA publishing for Academic editors and authors who contributed their research and allowed the new research to be made available free and open to anyone anywhere in the world.
\n\nTo celebrate the 50 books published, we have gathered them at one location - just one click away, so that you can easily browse the subjects of your interest, download the content directly, share it or read online.
\n\n\n\n\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"865",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Perspectives on Nature Conservation - Patterns, Pressures and Prospects",title:"Perspectives on Nature Conservation",subtitle:"Patterns, Pressures and Prospects",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:'Perspectives on Nature Conservation demonstrates the diversity of information and viewpoints that are critical for appreciating the gaps and weaknesses in local, regional and hemispheric ecologies, and also for understanding the limitations and barriers to accomplishing critical nature conservation projects. The book is organized to emphasize the linkages between the geographic foci of conservation projects and the biological substances that we conceptualize as "nature", through original research. The reader moves through perspectives of diminishing spatial scales, from smaller to larger landscapes or larger portions of the Earth, to learn that the range of factors that promote or prevent conservation through the application of scholarship and academic concepts change with the space in question. The book reflects disciplinary diversity and a co-mingling of science and social science to promote understanding of the patterns of, pressures on and prospects for conservation.',isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-51-0033-1",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-5220-0",doi:"10.5772/1374",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"perspectives-on-nature-conservation-patterns-pressures-and-prospects",numberOfPages:286,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"4a4d39cf2a0c2a9416049331b508aa88",bookSignature:"John Tiefenbacher",publishedDate:"February 29th 2012",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/865.jpg",numberOfDownloads:27541,numberOfWosCitations:69,numberOfCrossrefCitations:25,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:1,numberOfDimensionsCitations:67,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:2,hasAltmetrics:1,numberOfTotalCitations:161,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"March 15th 2011",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"April 12th 2011",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"August 17th 2011",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"September 16th 2011",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"January 14th 2012",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",middleName:null,surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/73876/images/system/73876.jfif",biography:"Dr. John P. Tiefenbacher, Ph.D., is a Professor of Geography and Environmental Studies at Texas State University. His research has focused on various aspects of hazards and environmental management. Dr. Tiefenbacher has published on a diverse array of topics that examine perception and behaviors with regards to the application of pesticides, releases of toxic chemicals, environments of the US–Mexico borderlands, wildlife hazards, and the geography of wine. More recently his work pertains to adaptation to climate change, spatial responses of wine growing to climate change, the geographies of viticulture and wine, artificial intelligence and machine learning to predict patterns of natural processes, and disability as vulnerability to global warming-induced hazards in the Arctic.",institutionString:"Texas State University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"7",institution:{name:"Texas State University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"859",title:"Conservation",slug:"conservation"}],chapters:[{id:"29839",title:"Modelling Nature in Ecologically Oriented Urban Context",doi:"10.5772/30783",slug:"modelling-nature-in-ecologically-oriented-urban-context",totalDownloads:2213,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Krzysztof M. Rostański",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29839",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29839",authors:[{id:"84219",title:"Dr.",name:"Krzysztof M.",surname:"Rostański",slug:"krzysztof-m.-rostanski",fullName:"Krzysztof M. Rostański"}],corrections:null},{id:"29840",title:"Deciphering Early Angiosperm Landscape Ecology Using a Clustering Method on Cretaceous Plant Assemblages",doi:"10.5772/32125",slug:"deciphering-early-angiosperm-landscape-ecology-using-a-clustering-method-on-cretaceous-plant-assembl",totalDownloads:1501,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Clément Coiffard, Bernard Gomez and Véronique Daviero-Gomez",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29840",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29840",authors:[{id:"90260",title:"Dr.",name:"Bernard",surname:"Gomez",slug:"bernard-gomez",fullName:"Bernard Gomez"},{id:"125832",title:"Dr.",name:"Clément",surname:"Coiffard",slug:"clement-coiffard",fullName:"Clément Coiffard"},{id:"126117",title:"Dr.",name:"Véronique",surname:"Daviero-Gomez",slug:"veronique-daviero-gomez",fullName:"Véronique Daviero-Gomez"}],corrections:null},{id:"29841",title:"Diversity and Genetic Erosion of Ancient Crops and Wild Relatives of Agricultural Cultivars for Food: Implications for Nature Conservation in Georgia (Caucasus)",doi:"10.5772/30286",slug:"diversity-and-genetic-erosion-of-ancient-crops-and-wild-relatives-of-agricultural-cultivars-for-food",totalDownloads:4322,totalCrossrefCites:9,totalDimensionsCites:27,hasAltmetrics:1,abstract:null,signatures:"Maia Akhalkatsi, Jana Ekhvaia and Zezva Asanidze",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29841",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29841",authors:[{id:"81770",title:"Prof.",name:"Maia",surname:"Akhalkatsi",slug:"maia-akhalkatsi",fullName:"Maia Akhalkatsi"},{id:"89798",title:"MSc.",name:"Jana",surname:"Ekhvaia",slug:"jana-ekhvaia",fullName:"Jana Ekhvaia"},{id:"89800",title:"MSc.",name:"Zezva",surname:"Asanidze",slug:"zezva-asanidze",fullName:"Zezva Asanidze"}],corrections:null},{id:"29842",title:"Metallophytes and Metallicolous Vegetation: Evolutionary Aspects, Taxonomic Changes and Conservational Status in Central Europe",doi:"10.5772/30846",slug:"metallophytes-and-metallicolous-vegetation-evolutionary-aspects-taxonomic-changes-and-conservational",totalDownloads:3523,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:12,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Henryk Baumbach",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29842",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29842",authors:[{id:"84496",title:"Dr.",name:"Henryk",surname:"Baumbach",slug:"henryk-baumbach",fullName:"Henryk Baumbach"}],corrections:null},{id:"29843",title:"The Application of Landscape Indices in Landscape Ecology",doi:"10.5772/36182",slug:"the-application-of-landscape-indices-in-landscape-ecology",totalDownloads:2903,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:10,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Péter Csorba and Szilárd Szabó",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29843",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29843",authors:[{id:"107382",title:"Prof.",name:"Csorba",surname:"Peter",slug:"csorba-peter",fullName:"Csorba Peter"},{id:"128356",title:"Dr.",name:"Szilárd",surname:"Szabó",slug:"szilard-szabo",fullName:"Szilárd Szabó"}],corrections:null},{id:"29844",title:"Impacts of Woodland Fragmentation on Species’ Occurrences – The Combination of a Habitat Model with Landscape Metrics",doi:"10.5772/30791",slug:"impacts-of-woodland-fragmentation-on-species-occurrences-the-combination-of-a-habitat-model-with-lan",totalDownloads:2217,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Britta Eggers and Raul Köhler",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29844",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29844",authors:[{id:"84237",title:"Mrs.",name:"Britta",surname:"Eggers",slug:"britta-eggers",fullName:"Britta Eggers"},{id:"90377",title:"Dr.",name:"Raul",surname:"Köhler",slug:"raul-kohler",fullName:"Raul Köhler"}],corrections:null},{id:"29845",title:"The Role of Landscape in Contact Zones of Sister Species of Lizards",doi:"10.5772/31691",slug:"the-role-of-landscape-in-contact-zones-of-sister-species-of-lizards",totalDownloads:1680,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:11,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Gabriela Cardozo, Sergio Naretto, Marcelo Zak and Margarita Chiaraviglio",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29845",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29845",authors:[{id:"88276",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabriela",surname:"Cardozo",slug:"gabriela-cardozo",fullName:"Gabriela Cardozo"},{id:"89122",title:"Dr.",name:"Margarita",surname:"Chiaraviglio",slug:"margarita-chiaraviglio",fullName:"Margarita Chiaraviglio"},{id:"89126",title:"Mr.",name:"Sergio",surname:"Naretto",slug:"sergio-naretto",fullName:"Sergio Naretto"},{id:"127705",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcel",surname:"Zak",slug:"marcel-zak",fullName:"Marcel Zak"}],corrections:null},{id:"29846",title:"Landscape Approach to Bio-Cultural Diversity Conservation in Rural Lebanon",doi:"10.5772/33343",slug:"landscape-approach-to-bio-cultural-diversity-conservation-in-rural-lebanon",totalDownloads:2790,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Jala Makhzoumi, Salma Talhouk, Rami Zurayk and Riad Sadek",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29846",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29846",authors:[{id:"95001",title:"Prof.",name:"Jala",surname:"Makhzoumi",slug:"jala-makhzoumi",fullName:"Jala Makhzoumi"},{id:"95023",title:"Prof.",name:"Salma",surname:"Nashabi Talhouk",slug:"salma-nashabi-talhouk",fullName:"Salma Nashabi Talhouk"},{id:"95024",title:"Prof.",name:"Rami",surname:"Zurayk",slug:"rami-zurayk",fullName:"Rami Zurayk"},{id:"95026",title:"Dr.",name:"Riyad",surname:"Sadek",slug:"riyad-sadek",fullName:"Riyad Sadek"}],corrections:null},{id:"29847",title:"The Nature Conservation of Baikal Region: Special Natural Protected Areas System in Three Environmental Models",doi:"10.5772/30208",slug:"the-nature-conservation-of-baikal-region-special-natural-protected-areas-system-in-three-environment",totalDownloads:1869,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Tatyana P. Kalikhman",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29847",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29847",authors:[{id:"81362",title:"Dr.",name:"Tatyana",surname:"Kalikhman",slug:"tatyana-kalikhman",fullName:"Tatyana Kalikhman"}],corrections:null},{id:"29848",title:"Trail Impact Management Related to Vegetation Response in Termessos National Park, in Turkish Mediterranean",doi:"10.5772/31293",slug:"trail-impact-management-related-to-vegetation-response-in-termessos-national-park-in-turkish-mediter",totalDownloads:2488,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Meryem Atik, Selçuk Sayan, Osman Karagüzel and Emrah Yıldırım",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29848",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29848",authors:[{id:"86471",title:"Dr.",name:"Meryem",surname:"Atik",slug:"meryem-atik",fullName:"Meryem Atik"},{id:"91530",title:"Dr.",name:"Selcuk",surname:"Sayan",slug:"selcuk-sayan",fullName:"Selcuk Sayan"},{id:"91531",title:"Prof.",name:"Osman",surname:"Karagüzel",slug:"osman-karaguzel",fullName:"Osman Karagüzel"},{id:"91532",title:"MSc.",name:"Emrah",surname:"Yıldırım",slug:"emrah-yildirim",fullName:"Emrah Yıldırım"}],corrections:null},{id:"29849",title:"Applied Landscape Ecology, Future Socioeconomics and Policy-Making in the Neotropics",doi:"10.5772/30731",slug:"applied-landscape-ecology-future-socioeconomics-and-policy-making-in-the-neotropics",totalDownloads:2039,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Arturo Restrepo-Aristizábal, Valentina Heggestad and Ian Sajid Acuña-Rodríguez",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/29849",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/29849",authors:[{id:"83965",title:"Mr.",name:"Arturo",surname:"Restrepo Aristizábal",slug:"arturo-restrepo-aristizabal",fullName:"Arturo Restrepo Aristizábal"},{id:"110579",title:"MSc.",name:"Ian Sajid",surname:"Acuña",slug:"ian-sajid-acuna",fullName:"Ian Sajid Acuña"},{id:"125858",title:"MSc.",name:"Valentina",surname:"Heggestad",slug:"valentina-heggestad",fullName:"Valentina Heggestad"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},subseries:null,tags:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"600",title:"Approaches to Managing Disaster",subtitle:"Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e97caba8487382025a1e70eb85e4e390",slug:"approaches-to-managing-disaster-assessing-hazards-emergencies-and-disaster-impacts",bookSignature:"John Tiefenbacher",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/600.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3054",title:"Approaches to Disaster Management",subtitle:"Examining the Implications of Hazards, Emergencies and Disasters",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0d6576de4f4c7fc7b8db5e91cba6dc28",slug:"approaches-to-disaster-management-examining-the-implications-of-hazards-emergencies-and-disasters",bookSignature:"John Tiefenbacher",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3054.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9846",title:"Spatial Variability in Environmental Science",subtitle:"Patterns, Processes, and Analyses",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cfa4fa7b982bbff46ffbe6fbdbffbdf1",slug:"spatial-variability-in-environmental-science-patterns-processes-and-analyses",bookSignature:"John P. Tiefenbacher and Davod Poreh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9846.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9389",title:"Global Warming and Climate Change",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"435d35b33ec04fe921640a514feb19e4",slug:"global-warming-and-climate-change",bookSignature:"John P. Tiefenbacher",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9389.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8011",title:"Natural Hazards",subtitle:"Risk, Exposure, Response, and Resilience",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"43ca8c43ab0963f6c43350764f696b63",slug:"natural-hazards-risk-exposure-response-and-resilience",bookSignature:"John P. Tiefenbacher",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8011.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"73876",title:"Dr.",name:"John P.",surname:"Tiefenbacher",slug:"john-p.-tiefenbacher",fullName:"John P. Tiefenbacher"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1698",title:"Topics in Conservation Biology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"170be1c5efa6b1d9f0b8012c72613f45",slug:"topics-in-conservation-biology",bookSignature:"Tony Povilitis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1698.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"103004",title:"Dr.",name:"Tony",surname:"Povilitis",slug:"tony-povilitis",fullName:"Tony Povilitis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8069",title:"Protected Areas, National Parks and Sustainable Future",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cbfa2f8e9e9e6d0383298f88b71b4108",slug:"protected-areas-national-parks-and-sustainable-future",bookSignature:"Ahmad Naqiyuddin Bakar and Mohd Nazip Suratman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8069.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"216294",title:"Prof.",name:"Ahmad Naqiyuddin",surname:"Bakar",slug:"ahmad-naqiyuddin-bakar",fullName:"Ahmad Naqiyuddin Bakar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6359",title:"Wildlife Management",subtitle:"Failures, Successes and Prospects",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e85617f2bd2d0e93188963552f6f2c8f",slug:"wildlife-management-failures-successes-and-prospects",bookSignature:"Jafari R. Kideghesho and Alfan A. Rija",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6359.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"106119",title:"Prof.",name:"Jafari",surname:"Kideghesho",slug:"jafari-kideghesho",fullName:"Jafari Kideghesho"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10844",title:"Protected Area Management",subtitle:"Recent Advances",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7daa4d97e24204483c488a67fcd76a17",slug:"protected-area-management-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Mohd Nazip Suratman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10844.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"144417",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohd Nazip",surname:"Suratman",slug:"mohd-nazip-suratman",fullName:"Mohd Nazip Suratman"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"68989",slug:"erratum-public-perceptions-of-values-associated-with-wildfire-protection-at-the-wildland-urban-inter",title:"Erratum - Public Perceptions of Values Associated with Wildfire Protection at the Wildland-Urban Interface: A Synthesis of National Findings",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/68989.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/68989",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/68989",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/68989",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/68989",chapter:{id:"65057",slug:"public-perceptions-of-values-associated-with-wildfire-protection-at-the-wildland-urban-interface-a-s",signatures:"Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges",dateSubmitted:"June 21st 2018",dateReviewed:"October 22nd 2018",datePrePublished:"December 31st 2018",datePublished:"February 19th 2020",book:{id:"8295",title:"Landscape Reclamation",subtitle:"Rising From What's Left",fullTitle:"Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left",slug:"landscape-reclamation-rising-from-what-s-left",publishedDate:"February 19th 2020",bookSignature:"Luis Loures",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8295.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"108118",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Loures",slug:"luis-loures",fullName:"Luis Loures"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"264298",title:"Dr.",name:"Jason",middleName:null,surname:"Gordon",fullName:"Jason Gordon",slug:"jason-gordon",email:"jason.gordon@uga.edu",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Georgia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]}},chapter:{id:"65057",slug:"public-perceptions-of-values-associated-with-wildfire-protection-at-the-wildland-urban-interface-a-s",signatures:"Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges",dateSubmitted:"June 21st 2018",dateReviewed:"October 22nd 2018",datePrePublished:"December 31st 2018",datePublished:"February 19th 2020",book:{id:"8295",title:"Landscape Reclamation",subtitle:"Rising From What's Left",fullTitle:"Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left",slug:"landscape-reclamation-rising-from-what-s-left",publishedDate:"February 19th 2020",bookSignature:"Luis Loures",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8295.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"108118",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Loures",slug:"luis-loures",fullName:"Luis Loures"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:[{id:"264298",title:"Dr.",name:"Jason",middleName:null,surname:"Gordon",fullName:"Jason Gordon",slug:"jason-gordon",email:"jason.gordon@uga.edu",position:null,institution:{name:"University of Georgia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}]},book:{id:"8295",title:"Landscape Reclamation",subtitle:"Rising From What's Left",fullTitle:"Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left",slug:"landscape-reclamation-rising-from-what-s-left",publishedDate:"February 19th 2020",bookSignature:"Luis Loures",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8295.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"108118",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Loures",slug:"luis-loures",fullName:"Luis Loures"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"12026",leadTitle:null,title:"Induction Motor",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"This book will be a self-contained collection of scholarly papers targeting an audience of practicing researchers, academics, PhD students and other scientists. The contents of the book will be written by multiple authors and edited by experts in the field.",isbn:null,printIsbn:null,pdfIsbn:null,doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!0,isSalesforceBook:!1,isNomenclature:!1,hash:"0273a4ffd6bc66faed9db00380771240",bookSignature:"",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/12026.jpg",keywords:null,numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"February 28th 2022",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"March 21st 2022",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"May 20th 2022",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"August 8th 2022",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"October 7th 2022",dateConfirmationOfParticipation:null,remainingDaysToSecondStep:"2 months",secondStepPassed:!0,areRegistrationsClosed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:1,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:null,coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"11",title:"Engineering",slug:"engineering"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:null},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10198",title:"Response Surface Methodology in Engineering Science",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1942bec30d40572f519327ca7a6d7aae",slug:"response-surface-methodology-in-engineering-science",bookSignature:"Palanikumar Kayaroganam",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10198.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"321730",title:"Prof.",name:"Palanikumar",surname:"Kayaroganam",slug:"palanikumar-kayaroganam",fullName:"Palanikumar Kayaroganam"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophile",surname:"Theophanides",slug:"theophile-theophanides",fullName:"Theophile Theophanides"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"117",title:"Artificial Neural Networks",subtitle:"Methodological Advances and Biomedical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"artificial-neural-networks-methodological-advances-and-biomedical-applications",bookSignature:"Kenji Suzuki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/117.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"3095",title:"Prof.",name:"Kenji",surname:"Suzuki",slug:"kenji-suzuki",fullName:"Kenji Suzuki"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3828",title:"Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"51a27e7adbfafcfedb6e9683f209cba4",slug:"application-of-nanotechnology-in-drug-delivery",bookSignature:"Ali Demir Sezer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3828.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"872",title:"Organic Pollutants Ten Years After the Stockholm Convention",subtitle:"Environmental and Analytical Update",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f01dc7077e1d23f3d8f5454985cafa0a",slug:"organic-pollutants-ten-years-after-the-stockholm-convention-environmental-and-analytical-update",bookSignature:"Tomasz Puzyn and Aleksandra Mostrag-Szlichtyng",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/872.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"84887",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomasz",surname:"Puzyn",slug:"tomasz-puzyn",fullName:"Tomasz Puzyn"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"15059",title:"Spatial Dynamic Modelling of Deforestation in the Amazon",doi:"10.5772/16137",slug:"spatial-dynamic-modelling-of-deforestation-in-the-amazon",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/15059.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/15059",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/15059",totalDownloads:2755,totalViews:79,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:4,totalAltmetricsMentions:2,impactScore:2,impactScorePercentile:83,impactScoreQuartile:4,hasAltmetrics:1,dateSubmitted:"July 2nd 2010",dateReviewed:"November 1st 2010",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"April 11th 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/15059",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/15059",book:{id:"133",slug:"cellular-automata-simplicity-behind-complexity"},signatures:"Arimatéa C. Ximenes, Cláudia M. Almeida, Silvana Amaral, Maria Isabel S. Escada and Ana Paula D. Aguiar",authors:[{id:"23356",title:"Prof.",name:"Claudia M.",middleName:null,surname:"Almeida",fullName:"Claudia M. Almeida",slug:"claudia-m.-almeida",email:"almeida@dsr.inpe.br",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"23357",title:"MSc.",name:"Arimatea C.",middleName:null,surname:"Ximenes",fullName:"Arimatea C. Ximenes",slug:"arimatea-c.-ximenes",email:"arimatea@dpi.inpe.br",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"23358",title:"Prof.",name:"Silvana",middleName:null,surname:"Amaral",fullName:"Silvana Amaral",slug:"silvana-amaral",email:"silvana@dpi.inpe.br",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"23359",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Isabel S.",middleName:null,surname:"Escada",fullName:"Maria Isabel S. Escada",slug:"maria-isabel-s.-escada",email:"isabel@dpi.inpe.br",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null},{id:"23360",title:"Prof.",name:"Ana Paula D.",middleName:null,surname:"Aguiar",fullName:"Ana Paula D. Aguiar",slug:"ana-paula-d.-aguiar",email:"anapaula@dpi.inpe.br",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"133",type:"book",title:"Cellular Automata",subtitle:"Simplicity Behind Complexity",fullTitle:"Cellular Automata - Simplicity Behind Complexity",slug:"cellular-automata-simplicity-behind-complexity",publishedDate:"April 11th 2011",bookSignature:"Alejandro Salcido",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/133.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",isbn:null,printIsbn:"978-953-307-230-2",pdfIsbn:"978-953-51-4500-4",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",numberOfWosCitations:54,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,editors:[{id:"1120",title:"Dr.",name:"Alejandro",middleName:null,surname:"Salcido",slug:"alejandro-salcido",fullName:"Alejandro Salcido"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"598"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"15057",type:"chapter",title:"An Interactive Method to Dynamically Create Transition Rules in a Land-use Cellular Automata Model",slug:"an-interactive-method-to-dynamically-create-transition-rules-in-a-land-use-cellular-automata-model",totalDownloads:2024,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"Hasbani, J.-G., N. Wijesekara and D.J. Marceau",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19765",title:"Dr.",name:"Danielle J.",middleName:null,surname:"Marceau",fullName:"Danielle J. Marceau",slug:"danielle-j.-marceau"}]},{id:"15058",type:"chapter",title:"Cellular-Automata-Based Simulation of the Settlement Development in Vienna",slug:"cellular-automata-based-simulation-of-the-settlement-development-in-vienna",totalDownloads:1835,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Reinhard Koenig and Daniela Mueller",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22885",title:"Dr.",name:"Reinhard",middleName:null,surname:"Koenig",fullName:"Reinhard Koenig",slug:"reinhard-koenig"},{id:"22886",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniela",middleName:null,surname:"Mueller",fullName:"Daniela Mueller",slug:"daniela-mueller"}]},{id:"15059",type:"chapter",title:"Spatial Dynamic Modelling of Deforestation in the Amazon",slug:"spatial-dynamic-modelling-of-deforestation-in-the-amazon",totalDownloads:2755,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Arimatéa C. Ximenes, Cláudia M. Almeida, Silvana Amaral, Maria Isabel S. Escada and Ana Paula D. Aguiar",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23356",title:"Prof.",name:"Claudia M.",middleName:null,surname:"Almeida",fullName:"Claudia M. Almeida",slug:"claudia-m.-almeida"},{id:"23357",title:"MSc.",name:"Arimatea C.",middleName:null,surname:"Ximenes",fullName:"Arimatea C. Ximenes",slug:"arimatea-c.-ximenes"},{id:"23358",title:"Prof.",name:"Silvana",middleName:null,surname:"Amaral",fullName:"Silvana Amaral",slug:"silvana-amaral"},{id:"23359",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria Isabel S.",middleName:null,surname:"Escada",fullName:"Maria Isabel S. Escada",slug:"maria-isabel-s.-escada"},{id:"23360",title:"Prof.",name:"Ana Paula D.",middleName:null,surname:"Aguiar",fullName:"Ana Paula D. Aguiar",slug:"ana-paula-d.-aguiar"}]},{id:"15060",type:"chapter",title:"Spatial Optimization and Resource Allocation in a Cellular Automata Framework",slug:"spatial-optimization-and-resource-allocation-in-a-cellular-automata-framework",totalDownloads:2015,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Epaminondas Sidiropoulos and Dimitrios Fotakis",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23439",title:"Dr.",name:"Epaminondas",middleName:null,surname:"Sidiropoulos",fullName:"Epaminondas Sidiropoulos",slug:"epaminondas-sidiropoulos"},{id:"30405",title:"Dr.",name:"Dimitrios",middleName:null,surname:"Fotakis",fullName:"Dimitrios Fotakis",slug:"dimitrios-fotakis"}]},{id:"15061",type:"chapter",title:"CA City: Simulating Urban Growth through the Application of Cellular Automata",slug:"ca-city-simulating-urban-growth-through-the-application-of-cellular-automata",totalDownloads:2454,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Alison Heppenstall, Linda See, Khalid Al-Ahmadi and Bokhwan Kim",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"19142",title:"Dr.",name:"Linda",middleName:null,surname:"See",fullName:"Linda See",slug:"linda-see"},{id:"22881",title:"Dr.",name:"Alison",middleName:null,surname:"Heppenstall",fullName:"Alison Heppenstall",slug:"alison-heppenstall"},{id:"137051",title:"Dr.",name:"Khalid",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Ahmadi",fullName:"Khalid Al-Ahmadi",slug:"khalid-al-ahmadi"},{id:"137052",title:"Mr.",name:"Bok Hwan",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Bok Hwan Kim",slug:"bok-hwan-kim"}]},{id:"15062",type:"chapter",title:"Studies on Population Dynamics Using Cellular Automata",slug:"studies-on-population-dynamics-using-cellular-automata",totalDownloads:3572,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Rosana Motta Jafelice and Patrícia Nunes da Silva",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22588",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosana Motta",middleName:null,surname:"Jafelice",fullName:"Rosana Motta Jafelice",slug:"rosana-motta-jafelice"},{id:"23143",title:"Dr.",name:"Patrícia",middleName:null,surname:"Nunes Da Silva",fullName:"Patrícia Nunes Da Silva",slug:"patricia-nunes-da-silva"}]},{id:"15063",type:"chapter",title:"CA in Urban Systems and Ecology: From Individual Behaviour to Transport Equations and Population Dynamics",slug:"ca-in-urban-systems-and-ecology-from-individual-behaviour-to-transport-equations-and-population-dyna",totalDownloads:1789,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"José Luis Puliafito",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22688",title:"Dr.",name:"José Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Puliafito",fullName:"José Luis Puliafito",slug:"jose-luis-puliafito"}]},{id:"15064",type:"chapter",title:"Equilibrium Properties of the Cellular Automata Models for Traffic Flow in a Single Lane",slug:"equilibrium-properties-of-the-cellular-automata-models-for-traffic-flow-in-a-single-lane",totalDownloads:2738,totalCrossrefCites:8,signatures:"Alejandro Salcido",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"1120",title:"Dr.",name:"Alejandro",middleName:null,surname:"Salcido",fullName:"Alejandro Salcido",slug:"alejandro-salcido"}]},{id:"15065",type:"chapter",title:"Cellular Automata for Traffic Modelling and Simulations in a Situation of Evacuation from Disaster Areas",slug:"cellular-automata-for-traffic-modelling-and-simulations-in-a-situation-of-evacuation-from-disaster-a",totalDownloads:2321,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Kohei Arai, Tri Harsono and Achmad Basuki",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21947",title:"Dr.",name:"Kohei",middleName:null,surname:"Arai",fullName:"Kohei Arai",slug:"kohei-arai"},{id:"137053",title:"PhD.",name:"Tri",middleName:null,surname:"Harsono",fullName:"Tri Harsono",slug:"tri-harsono"},{id:"137054",title:"Prof.",name:"Achmad",middleName:null,surname:"Basuki",fullName:"Achmad Basuki",slug:"achmad-basuki"}]},{id:"15066",type:"chapter",title:"Cellular Automata for Bus Dynamics",slug:"cellular-automata-for-bus-dynamics",totalDownloads:1974,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Ding-wei Huang and Wei-neng Huang",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23680",title:"Prof.",name:"Ding-Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"Ding-Wei Huang",slug:"ding-wei-huang"},{id:"23681",title:"Prof.",name:"Wei-Neng",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"Wei-Neng Huang",slug:"wei-neng-huang"}]},{id:"15067",type:"chapter",title:"Application of Cellular Automaton Model to Advanced Information Feedback in Intelligent Transportation Systems",slug:"application-of-cellular-automaton-model-to-advanced-information-feedback-in-intelligent-transportati",totalDownloads:1949,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Chuanfei Dong and Binghong Wang",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20645",title:"Dr.",name:"Chuanfei",middleName:null,surname:"Dong",fullName:"Chuanfei Dong",slug:"chuanfei-dong"},{id:"24847",title:"Dr.",name:"Binghong",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Binghong Wang",slug:"binghong-wang"}]},{id:"15068",type:"chapter",title:"Network Systems Modelled by Complex Cellular Automata Paradigm",slug:"network-systems-modelled-by-complex-cellular-automata-paradigm",totalDownloads:2519,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Pawel Topa",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23264",title:"Dr.",name:"Paweł",middleName:null,surname:"Topa",fullName:"Paweł Topa",slug:"pawel-topa"}]},{id:"15069",type:"chapter",title:"Cellular Automata Modeling of Biomolecular Networks",slug:"cellular-automata-modeling-of-biomolecular-networks",totalDownloads:2245,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Danail Bonchev",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21753",title:"Prof.",name:"Danail",middleName:null,surname:"Bonchev",fullName:"Danail Bonchev",slug:"danail-bonchev"}]},{id:"15070",type:"chapter",title:"Simulation of Qualitative Peculiarities of Capillary System Regulation with Cellular Automata Models",slug:"simulation-of-qualitative-peculiarities-of-capillary-system-regulation-with-cellular-automata-models",totalDownloads:1968,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"G. Knyshov, Ie. Nastenko, V. Maksymenko and O. Kravchuk",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23317",title:"Dr.",name:"Ievgen",middleName:null,surname:"Nastenko",fullName:"Ievgen Nastenko",slug:"ievgen-nastenko"}]},{id:"15071",type:"chapter",title:"Social Simulation Based on Cellular Automata: Modeling Language Shifts",slug:"social-simulation-based-on-cellular-automata-modeling-language-shifts",totalDownloads:1996,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Francesc S. Beltran, Salvador Herrando, Violant Estreder, Doris Ferreres, Marc-Antoni Adell and Marcos Ruiz-Soler",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22136",title:"Prof.",name:"Francesc S.",middleName:null,surname:"Beltran",fullName:"Francesc S. Beltran",slug:"francesc-s.-beltran"},{id:"23329",title:"Prof.",name:"Salvador",middleName:null,surname:"Herrando",fullName:"Salvador Herrando",slug:"salvador-herrando"},{id:"23330",title:"Ms.",name:"Violant",middleName:null,surname:"Estreder",fullName:"Violant Estreder",slug:"violant-estreder"},{id:"23331",title:"Prof.",name:"Doris",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreres",fullName:"Doris Ferreres",slug:"doris-ferreres"},{id:"23332",title:"Prof.",name:"Marc-Antoni",middleName:null,surname:"Adell",fullName:"Marc-Antoni Adell",slug:"marc-antoni-adell"},{id:"23333",title:"Prof.",name:"Marc",middleName:null,surname:"Ruiz-Soler",fullName:"Marc Ruiz-Soler",slug:"marc-ruiz-soler"}]},{id:"15072",type:"chapter",title:"Cellular Automata Modelling of the Diffusion of Innovations",slug:"cellular-automata-modelling-of-the-diffusion-of-innovations",totalDownloads:1962,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Gergely Kocsis and Ferenc Kun",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21869",title:"Prof.",name:"Ferenc",middleName:null,surname:"Kun",fullName:"Ferenc Kun",slug:"ferenc-kun"},{id:"23395",title:"Dr.",name:"Gergely",middleName:null,surname:"Kocsis",fullName:"Gergely Kocsis",slug:"gergely-kocsis"}]},{id:"15073",type:"chapter",title:"Cellular Automata based Artificial Financial Market",slug:"cellular-automata-based-artificial-financial-market",totalDownloads:3698,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Jingyuan Ding",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22095",title:"PhD.",name:"Jingyuan",middleName:null,surname:"Ding",fullName:"Jingyuan Ding",slug:"jingyuan-ding"}]},{id:"15074",type:"chapter",title:"Some Results on Evolving Cellular Automata Applied to the Production Scheduling Problem",slug:"some-results-on-evolving-cellular-automata-applied-to-the-production-scheduling-problem",totalDownloads:1795,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Tadeusz Witkowski, Arkadiusz Antczak, Paweł Antczak and Soliman Elzway",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22878",title:"Prof.",name:"Tadeusz",middleName:null,surname:"Witkowski",fullName:"Tadeusz Witkowski",slug:"tadeusz-witkowski"},{id:"23292",title:"MSc.",name:"Arkadiusz",middleName:null,surname:"Antczak",fullName:"Arkadiusz Antczak",slug:"arkadiusz-antczak"},{id:"23293",title:"MSc.",name:"Paweł",middleName:null,surname:"Antczak",fullName:"Paweł Antczak",slug:"pawel-antczak"},{id:"135942",title:"Prof.",name:"Soliman",middleName:null,surname:"Elzway",fullName:"Soliman Elzway",slug:"soliman-elzway"}]},{id:"15075",type:"chapter",title:"Nonequilibrium Phase Transition of Elementary Cellular Automata with a Single Conserved Quantity",slug:"nonequilibrium-phase-transition-of-elementary-cellular-automata-with-a-single-conserved-quantity",totalDownloads:1960,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Shinji Takesue",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21940",title:"Prof.",name:"Shinji",middleName:null,surname:"Takesue",fullName:"Shinji Takesue",slug:"shinji-takesue"}]},{id:"15076",type:"chapter",title:"Cellular Automata – a Tool for Disorder, Noise and Dissipation Investigations",slug:"cellular-automata-a-tool-for-disorder-noise-and-dissipation-investigations",totalDownloads:1362,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"W. Leoński and A. Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21699",title:"Prof.",name:"Wieslaw",middleName:null,surname:"Leonski",fullName:"Wieslaw Leonski",slug:"wieslaw-leonski"},{id:"23192",title:"Dr.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Kowalewska-Kudlaszyk",fullName:"Anna Kowalewska-Kudlaszyk",slug:"anna-kowalewska-kudlaszyk"}]},{id:"15077",type:"chapter",title:"Cellular Automata Simulation of Two-Layer Ising and Potts Models",slug:"cellular-automata-simulation-of-two-layer-ising-and-potts-models",totalDownloads:2127,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Mehrdad Ghaemi",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"20768",title:"Prof.",name:"Mehrdad",middleName:null,surname:"Ghaemi",fullName:"Mehrdad Ghaemi",slug:"mehrdad-ghaemi"}]},{id:"15078",type:"chapter",title:"Propositional Proof Complexity and Cellular Automata",slug:"propositional-proof-complexity-and-cellular-automata",totalDownloads:1948,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Stefano Cavagnetto",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"22925",title:"Dr.",name:"Stefano",middleName:null,surname:"Cavagnetto",fullName:"Stefano Cavagnetto",slug:"stefano-cavagnetto"}]},{id:"15079",type:"chapter",title:"Biophysical Modeling using Cellular Automata",slug:"biophysical-modeling-using-cellular-automata",totalDownloads:1887,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Bernhard Pfeifer",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23035",title:"Prof.",name:"Bernhard",middleName:null,surname:"Pfeifer",fullName:"Bernhard Pfeifer",slug:"bernhard-pfeifer"}]},{id:"15080",type:"chapter",title:"Visual Spike Processing based on Cellular Automaton",slug:"visual-spike-processing-based-on-cellular-automaton",totalDownloads:2026,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"M. Rivas-Pérez, A. Linares-Barranco and G. Jiménez, A. Civit",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"21804",title:"Prof.",name:"Alejandro",middleName:null,surname:"Linares-Barranco",fullName:"Alejandro Linares-Barranco",slug:"alejandro-linares-barranco"},{id:"23440",title:"Prof.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Rivas-Pérez",fullName:"Manuel Rivas-Pérez",slug:"manuel-rivas-perez"},{id:"23441",title:"Prof.",name:"Gabriel",middleName:null,surname:"Jiménez",fullName:"Gabriel Jiménez",slug:"gabriel-jimenez"},{id:"23442",title:"Prof.",name:"Antón",middleName:null,surname:"Civit",fullName:"Antón Civit",slug:"anton-civit"}]},{id:"15081",type:"chapter",title:"Design and Implementation of CAOS: An Implicitly Parallel Language for the High-Performance Simulation of Cellular Automata",slug:"design-and-implementation-of-caos-an-implicitly-parallel-language-for-the-high-performance-simulatio",totalDownloads:1423,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Clemens Grelck and Frank Penczek",reviewType:"peer-reviewed",authors:[{id:"23810",title:"Mr.",name:"Frank",middleName:null,surname:"Penczek",fullName:"Frank Penczek",slug:"frank-penczek"},{id:"23811",title:"Dr.",name:"Clemens",middleName:null,surname:"Grelck",fullName:"Clemens Grelck",slug:"clemens-grelck"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1540",title:"Cellular Automata",subtitle:"Innovative Modelling for Science and Engineering",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a75c3ba71ed14d9f6a7edb3a8dd416f2",slug:"cellular-automata-innovative-modelling-for-science-and-engineering",bookSignature:"Alejandro Salcido",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1540.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"1120",title:"Dr.",name:"Alejandro",surname:"Salcido",slug:"alejandro-salcido",fullName:"Alejandro Salcido"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"15004",title:"Information-Theoretic Modeling and Analysis of Stochastic Behaviors in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata",slug:"information-theoretic-modeling-and-analysis-of-stochastic-behaviors-in-quantum-dot-cellular-automata",signatures:"Lei Wang, Faquir Jain and Fabrizio Lombardi",authors:[{id:"23167",title:"Prof.",name:"Lei",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Lei Wang",slug:"lei-wang"},{id:"23451",title:"Prof.",name:"Fabrizio",middleName:null,surname:"Lombardi",fullName:"Fabrizio Lombardi",slug:"fabrizio-lombardi"},{id:"23452",title:"Prof.",name:"Faquir",middleName:null,surname:"Jain",fullName:"Faquir Jain",slug:"faquir-jain"}]},{id:"15005",title:"Architectural Design of Quantum Cellular Automata to Implement Logical Computation",slug:"architectural-design-of-quantum-cellular-automata-to-implement-logical-computation",signatures:"Alejandro León",authors:[{id:"23466",title:"Dr.",name:"Alejandro",middleName:null,surname:"León",fullName:"Alejandro León",slug:"alejandro-leon"}]},{id:"15006",title:"Magnetic QCA Design: Modeling, Simulation and Circuits",slug:"magnetic-qca-design-modeling-simulation-and-circuits",signatures:"Mariagrazia Graziano, Marco Vacca and Maurizio Zamboni",authors:[{id:"13960",title:"Dr.",name:"Mariagrazia",middleName:null,surname:"Graziano",fullName:"Mariagrazia Graziano",slug:"mariagrazia-graziano"},{id:"22278",title:"Prof.",name:"Maurizio",middleName:null,surname:"Zamboni",fullName:"Maurizio Zamboni",slug:"maurizio-zamboni"},{id:"23124",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Vacca",fullName:"Marco Vacca",slug:"marco-vacca"}]},{id:"15007",title:"Conservative Reversible Elementary Cellular Automata and their Quantum Computations",slug:"conservative-reversible-elementary-cellular-automata-and-their-quantum-computations",signatures:"Anas N. Al-Rabadi",authors:[{id:"23457",title:"Prof.",name:"Anas N.",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Rabadi",fullName:"Anas N. Al-Rabadi",slug:"anas-n.-al-rabadi"}]},{id:"15008",title:"Quadra-Quantum Dots and Related Patterns of Quantum Dot Molecules: Basic Nanostructures for Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Application",slug:"quadra-quantum-dots-and-related-patterns-of-quantum-dot-molecules-basic-nanostructures-for-quantum-d",signatures:"Somsak Panyakeow",authors:[{id:"22822",title:"Prof.",name:"Somsak",middleName:null,surname:"Panyakeow",fullName:"Somsak Panyakeow",slug:"somsak-panyakeow"}]},{id:"15009",title:"Quantum Cellular Automata Controlled Self-Organizing Networks",slug:"quantum-cellular-automata-controlled-self-organizing-networks",signatures:"Laszlo Gyongyosi and Sandor Imre",authors:[{id:"11614",title:"Dr.",name:"Sandor",middleName:null,surname:"Imre",fullName:"Sandor Imre",slug:"sandor-imre"},{id:"21853",title:"MSc.",name:"Laszlo",middleName:null,surname:"Gyongyosi",fullName:"Laszlo Gyongyosi",slug:"laszlo-gyongyosi"}]},{id:"15010",title:"Quantum-Chemical Design of Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA): A New Approach from Frontier Molecular Orbitals",slug:"quantum-chemical-design-of-molecular-quantum-dot-cellular-automata-qca-a-new-approach-from-frontier-",signatures:"Ken Tokunaga",authors:[{id:"21658",title:"Dr.",name:"Ken",middleName:null,surname:"Tokunaga",fullName:"Ken Tokunaga",slug:"ken-tokunaga"}]},{id:"15011",title:"Modeling of Macrostructure Formation during the Solidification by using Frontal Cellular Automata",slug:"modeling-of-macrostructure-formation-during-the-solidification-by-using-frontal-cellular-automata",signatures:"Dmytro S. Svyetlichnyy",authors:[{id:"21960",title:"Prof.",name:"Dmytro",middleName:null,surname:"Svyetlichnyy",fullName:"Dmytro Svyetlichnyy",slug:"dmytro-svyetlichnyy"}]},{id:"15012",title:"Point Automata Method for Dendritic Growth",slug:"point-automata-method-for-dendritic-growth",signatures:"Agnieszka Zuzanna Lorbiecka and Božidar Šarler",authors:[{id:"23388",title:"Prof.",name:"Bozidar",middleName:null,surname:"Sarler",fullName:"Bozidar Sarler",slug:"bozidar-sarler"},{id:"23389",title:"Mrs.",name:"Agnieszka Zuzanna",middleName:null,surname:"Lorbiecka",fullName:"Agnieszka Zuzanna Lorbiecka",slug:"agnieszka-zuzanna-lorbiecka"}]},{id:"15013",title:"Simulation of Dendritic Growth in Solidification of Al-Cu alloy by Applying the Modified Cellular Automaton Model with the Growth Calculation of Nucleus within a Cell",slug:"simulation-of-dendritic-growth-in-solidification-of-al-cu-alloy-by-applying-the-modified-cellular-au",signatures:"Hsiun-Chang Peng and Long-Sun Chao",authors:[{id:"22271",title:"Prof.",name:"Long-Sun",middleName:null,surname:"Chao",fullName:"Long-Sun Chao",slug:"long-sun-chao"},{id:"22464",title:"Dr.",name:"Hsiun-Chang",middleName:null,surname:"Peng",fullName:"Hsiun-Chang Peng",slug:"hsiun-chang-peng"}]},{id:"15014",title:"Mesoscopic Modelling of Metallic Interface Evolution Using Cellular Automata Model",slug:"mesoscopic-modelling-of-metallic-interface-evolution-using-cellular-automata-model",signatures:"Abdelhafed. Taleb and Jean Pierre Badiali",authors:[{id:"20408",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdelhafed",middleName:null,surname:"Taleb",fullName:"Abdelhafed Taleb",slug:"abdelhafed-taleb"},{id:"23462",title:"Dr.",name:"Janusz",middleName:null,surname:"Stafiej",fullName:"Janusz Stafiej",slug:"janusz-stafiej"},{id:"23463",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean Pierre",middleName:null,surname:"Badiali",fullName:"Jean Pierre Badiali",slug:"jean-pierre-badiali"}]},{id:"15015",title:"Deeper Investigating Adequate Secret Key Specifications for a Variable Length Cryptographic Cellular Automata Based Model",slug:"deeper-investigating-adequate-secret-key-specifications-for-a-variable-length-cryptographic-cellular",signatures:"Gina M. B. Oliveira, Luiz G. A. Martins and Leonardo S. Alt",authors:[{id:"22085",title:"Dr.",name:"Gina M. B.",middleName:null,surname:"Oliveira",fullName:"Gina M. B. Oliveira",slug:"gina-m.-b.-oliveira"},{id:"23469",title:"MSc.",name:"Luiz G. A.",middleName:null,surname:"Martins",fullName:"Luiz G. A. Martins",slug:"luiz-g.-a.-martins"},{id:"23470",title:"MSc.",name:"Leonardo S.",middleName:null,surname:"Alt",fullName:"Leonardo S. Alt",slug:"leonardo-s.-alt"}]},{id:"15016",title:"Cryptography in Quantum Cellular Automata",slug:"cryptography-in-quantum-cellular-automata",signatures:"Mohammad Amin Amiri, Sattar Mirzakuchaki and Mojdeh Mahdavi",authors:[{id:"22708",title:"MSc.",name:"Mohammad Amin",middleName:null,surname:"Amiri",fullName:"Mohammad Amin Amiri",slug:"mohammad-amin-amiri"},{id:"60978",title:"Dr.",name:"Sattar",middleName:null,surname:"Mirzakuchaki",fullName:"Sattar Mirzakuchaki",slug:"sattar-mirzakuchaki"},{id:"60979",title:"MSc.",name:"Mojdeh",middleName:null,surname:"Mahdavi",fullName:"Mojdeh Mahdavi",slug:"mojdeh-mahdavi"}]},{id:"15017",title:"Research on Multi-Dimensional Cellular Automation Pseudorandom Generator of LFSR Architecture",slug:"research-on-multi-dimensional-cellular-automation-pseudorandom-generator-of-lfsr-architecture",signatures:"Yong Wang, Dawu Gu, Junrong Liu, Xiuxia Tian and Jing Li",authors:[{id:"22575",title:"Dr.",name:"Yong",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Yong Wang",slug:"yong-wang"},{id:"24085",title:"Prof.",name:"Dawu",middleName:null,surname:"Gu",fullName:"Dawu Gu",slug:"dawu-gu"},{id:"24086",title:"Dr.",name:"Junrong",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Junrong Liu",slug:"junrong-liu"},{id:"24087",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiuxia",middleName:null,surname:"Tian",fullName:"Xiuxia Tian",slug:"xiuxia-tian"},{id:"24088",title:"Dr.",name:"Jing",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Jing Li",slug:"jing-li"}]},{id:"15018",title:"An Improved PRNG Based on the Hybrid between One- and Two- Dimensional Cellular Automata",slug:"an-improved-prng-based-on-the-hybrid-between-one-and-two-dimensional-cellular-automata",signatures:"Sang-Ho Shin and Kee-Young Yoo",authors:[{id:"20812",title:"Dr.",name:"Sang-Ho",middleName:null,surname:"Shin",fullName:"Sang-Ho Shin",slug:"sang-ho-shin"},{id:"137022",title:"Dr.",name:"Kee-Young",middleName:null,surname:"Yoo",fullName:"Kee-Young Yoo",slug:"kee-young-yoo"}]},{id:"15019",title:"A Framework of Variant Logic Construction for Cellular Automata",slug:"a-framework-of-variant-logic-construction-for-cellular-automata",signatures:"Jeffrey Z.J. Zheng, Christian H.H. Zheng and Tosiyasu L. Kunii",authors:[{id:"20706",title:"Dr.",name:"Jeffrey",middleName:"Zhi Jie",surname:"Zheng",fullName:"Jeffrey Zheng",slug:"jeffrey-zheng"},{id:"20714",title:"Mr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Zheng",fullName:"Christian Zheng",slug:"christian-zheng"},{id:"24213",title:"Prof.",name:"Tosiyasu",middleName:null,surname:"Kunii",fullName:"Tosiyasu Kunii",slug:"tosiyasu-kunii"}]},{id:"15020",title:"Using Probabilistic Cellular Automaton for Adaptive Modules Selection in the Human State Problem",slug:"using-probabilistic-cellular-automaton-for-adaptive-modules-selection-in-the-human-state-problem",signatures:"Martin Lukac, Michitaka Kameyama and Marek Perkowski",authors:[{id:"3279",title:"Mr.",name:"Martin",middleName:null,surname:"Lukac",fullName:"Martin Lukac",slug:"martin-lukac"},{id:"23507",title:"Prof.",name:"Michitaka",middleName:null,surname:"Kameyama",fullName:"Michitaka Kameyama",slug:"michitaka-kameyama"},{id:"23508",title:"Prof.",name:"Marek",middleName:null,surname:"Perkowski",fullName:"Marek Perkowski",slug:"marek-perkowski"}]},{id:"15021",title:"Design of Self-Assembling, Self-Repairing 3D Irregular Cellular Automata",slug:"design-of-self-assembling-self-repairing-3d-irregular-cellular-automata",signatures:"David Huw Jones, Richard McWilliam and Alan Purvis",authors:[{id:"23559",title:"Dr.",name:"David Huw",middleName:null,surname:"Jones",fullName:"David Huw Jones",slug:"david-huw-jones"},{id:"23560",title:"Dr.",name:"Richard",middleName:null,surname:"McWilliam",fullName:"Richard McWilliam",slug:"richard-mcwilliam"},{id:"23561",title:"Prof.",name:"Alan",middleName:null,surname:"Purvis",fullName:"Alan Purvis",slug:"alan-purvis"}]},{id:"15022",title:"Cellular Automata for Medical Image Processing",slug:"cellular-automata-for-medical-image-processing",signatures:"Sartra Wongthanavasu",authors:[{id:"22205",title:"Dr.",name:"Sartra",middleName:null,surname:"Wongthanavasu",fullName:"Sartra Wongthanavasu",slug:"sartra-wongthanavasu"}]},{id:"15023",title:"Accelerating 3D Cellular Automata Computation with GP GPU in the Context of Integrative Biology",slug:"accelerating-3d-cellular-automata-computation-with-gp-gpu-in-the-context-of-integrative-biology",signatures:"Jonathan Caux, Pridi Siregar and David Hill",authors:[{id:"21948",title:"Prof.",name:"David R.C.",middleName:null,surname:"Hill",fullName:"David R.C. Hill",slug:"david-r.c.-hill"},{id:"23458",title:"Dr.",name:"Pridi",middleName:null,surname:"Siregar",fullName:"Pridi Siregar",slug:"pridi-siregar"},{id:"23459",title:"MSc.",name:"Jonathan",middleName:null,surname:"Caux",fullName:"Jonathan Caux",slug:"jonathan-caux"}]}]}],publishedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"3749",title:"Evolutionary Computation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"413cf10893f15955d121a4934493da16",slug:"evolutionary-computation",bookSignature:"Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3749.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"125844",title:"Prof.",name:"Wellington",surname:"Santos",slug:"wellington-santos",fullName:"Wellington Santos"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3759",title:"Particle Swarm Optimization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"85447c3d76565043803bbf8de76e5729",slug:"particle_swarm_optimization",bookSignature:"Aleksandar Lazinica",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3759.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6299",title:"Simulation and Gaming",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e86eaf984e70e1544d594f7df43189ed",slug:"simulation-and-gaming",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6299.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2713",title:"New Achievements in Evolutionary Computation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3e992f9525c0027064e28589d3889188",slug:"new-achievements-in-evolutionary-computation",bookSignature:"Peter Korosec",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2713.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4581",title:"prof. dr.",name:"Peter",surname:"Korosec",slug:"peter-korosec",fullName:"Peter Korosec"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7646",title:"Scientometrics Recent Advances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"86bbdd04d7e80be14283d44969d1cc32",slug:"scientometrics-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Suad Kunosic and Enver Zerem",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7646.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"88678",title:"Prof.",name:"Suad",surname:"Kunosic",slug:"suad-kunosic",fullName:"Suad Kunosic"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],publishedBooksByAuthor:[]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"73782",title:"Natural Hazards - Impacts, Adjustments and Resilience",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94303",slug:"natural-hazards-impacts-adjustments-and-resilience",body:'
Indian subcontinent is a region experiencing seismic activities since ancient times. According to BIS seismic zoning map, over 65% of the country is prone to earthquakes of intensity MSK VII or more, putting 38 cities in high risk zones. In 2011, there were 80 earthquakes in India, with magnitude ranges between 3.5 M to 6.5 M on Richter scale. The year 2012 was an equally eventful year with 19 earthquakes by 5th March. Great earthquake having magnitude of 8.0 M or higher occurs somewhere in the world every year. Seismic engineering of structures is in discussion since decades while the aspects of risk mitigation and hazard assessment are relatively new in this field which are in concern with our preparedness for future events. The aim of a structural design engineer is always the safety as against the sole aim of economy. However, architectural needs and budget compromises the higher target of an engineer to bring resilience as an important consideration in design of buildings in seismic prone regions. The code provisions give legal benefit to developers while the resilience aspects highlight the need to bring better scientific methods to safeguard the community during strong earthquakes. With the advancement in knowledge and promotion of performance-based design procedures, it has become possible to safeguard our interests against the fury of nature.
The Bhuj earthquake (2001), had caused severe damage to property and more than 20,000 people were killed in Kuchchh area [1]. The reported PGA of the earthquake was 0.38 g having magnitude 7.7 Mw. Around 70 multistorey buildings collapsed in Ahmedabad, with reported PGA of 0.1 g for which the damage observed was higher than expected. Hence, the influence of present process of design of buildings on the performance of RC structures needs further check. There is another significant parameter for design consideration - the accurate hazard estimation. The observed damages better indicate hazard than the PGA values especially for mid-high rise buildings. The attenuation in Ahmedabad city is found to be around 1.8–2.0 [2], not considered in design. This is the serious limitation of force-based design wherein inaccurate estimate of hazard will give a sense of design to the engineer but is a gross-error in seismic design force calculations.
The expression of risk gives a good overview of each part that contributes to either the safety or to the weakness. In the equation, the term Hazard (H) represents the severity of earthquake expected in the region considered for risk estimation (refer Eq. (1)).
If the estimation of hazard is an under-estimate, then the risk increases substantially, though the design may be done with utmost care. Seismic micro-zonation of Ahmedabad gives understanding of hazard to design engineers.
The building typology and design methods followed in a region suggest vulnerability aspects. Without disturbing the cultural heritage of local region, the capacity of existing buildings can be increased to reduce the quantum of vulnerable stock to various intensities of earthquake likely to hit there [3]. The role of developer, owner and administration plays a vital role in upgradation of vulnerable facilities and investing efforts towards the mitigation of earthquake hazard by identifying the vulnerability (V) component in a region. The density of buildings in an area, important structures, and the type of facility under threat is covered by the risk as the exposure or asset (E) parameter to estimate the threat susceptibility. The impact of earthquakes in India show the concern due to recent earthquakes (2001;2005) on the number of people succumbed due to lesser engineering (refer Table 1).
Event | Year | Magnitude | PGA | Intensity | Casualty |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
India-Burma | 1988 | 7.2 | 0.34 g | VIII | 709 |
Garhwal | 1991 | 7.1 | 0.3 g | VIII | 768 |
Uttarkashi | 1991 | 7 | 0.29 g | IX | >2000 |
Koyna | 1967 | 6.5 | 0.4 g | VIII | 1500 |
Chamoli | 1999 | 6.6 | 0.34 g | VIII | 103 |
Bhuj | 2001 | 7.7 | 0.38 g | VIII | 20,000 |
Kashmir | 2005 | 7.6 | 0.23 g | VIII | >80,000 |
Sikkim | 2011 | 6.9 | 0.35 g | VI | 111 |
Nepal | 2015 | 7.9 | — | IX | >8000 |
List of severe earthquakes in India (7 Mw): Magnitude-PGA-intensity.
Hence, if we are better able to know our region, dedicated in identifying weak structures for upgradation and protect the important assets by identifying their importance, we can control the impact of earthquakes on our habitat. This study focuses on adopting resilience in mid-rise buildings using design tools.
A fifteen storey reinforced concrete building located in Ahmedabad city of Gujarat state is to be designed using Indian Standards (IS 456; IS 1893). The performance of this force-based design building will be evaluated using displacement-based method for performance-based design (PBD) using the procedures mentioned in Figure 1. The plan and section details are given in Figure 2.
Scheme for performance-based design method for standardization.
Plan and section sizes of building (20 m × 16 m).
The building design code for earthquake was first developed in Japan to consider 10% of dead weight as the lateral load. The code procedure developed based on understanding of severe damages in strong earthquakes around the globe [4]. Seismic risk mitigation is dependent on understanding exposure and vulnerability apart from seismic hazard for which effective design provisions are required for built environment to sustain the next event [5]. The present codes include the cyclic behavior through simpler procedures for performance-based design of building structures with reduced vulnerability [6, 7, 8, 9]. TEC-2007 has been upgraded to TBEC-2018 for design of new buildings with taller stature [10]. Also, the design of buildings with FIB Model Code 2010 is considered to upgrade the force-based provisions of EC-8 to displacement-based procedure [11]. Various studies have suggested competence of EC-8 towards better design of buildings compared to Indian and ACI codes [12]. SIRCO tool is developed to simulate and estimate seismic risk in Portugal to plan, prevent and respond to future earthquakes [13]. Engineering parameters are identified to rate the world-wide seismic code quality index and formally 166 countries have some form of seismic code with 510 revisions since 1900 [14]. Optimum solution technique is proposed to reduce computational efforts towards performance-based design using displacement procedure [15].
The above literatures do not focus towards mapping of performance of building and its elements using design codes and design tools to move towards standardization in performance-based design. The effectiveness of code provisions for building design and detailing are put under the lens, in-order to plan structures for the future H-V-E model in seismic prone regions.
The aim of design engineers is always towards the optimum use of materials with proper strength regulations. Seismic engineering requires separate framework to keep the structures functioning or regulate damages under multiple earthquake events. The providence of ductility and sizing hierarchy through strong column-weak beam philosophy is a different routine for design of structures. The importance of appropriate seismic hazard (PGA/PGV/Mw), modeling parameters, methodology and mapping of required performance thresholds are part of performance-based design procedure. The performance of building is evaluated following ASCE-41. The performance target for the building is Life Safety (LS) under MCE level earthquake (7.0 M in Bhuj, located at 250 kms from building).
The building is in a city where risk reduction measures are employed after observing severe damages in Bhuj earthquake in 2001. The hazard actions are handled by Institute of Seismological Research (ISR) and mitigation measures are suggested by Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority (GSDMA). The understanding of local seismic hazard of Ahmedabad city is done and there seems to be under-estimation of hazard in BIS zoning map (refer Figure 3). Hence, the three hazard levels suggested for Ahmedabad city will be used to check the performance of building using capacity-spectrum method (CSM, FEMA-440) and displacement-coefficient method (DCM, ASCE-41). The equivalent static analysis results are shown in Table 2.
Response spectrum for different hazard levels as per IS 1893–2016.
Time period (s) | Weight (W) | Acceleration ( | Base Shear ( | |
---|---|---|---|---|
X dir. = 0.9 Y dir. = 1.0 (with infill) | 31461.54 kN DL = 100% LL = 25% | BIS ISR NDMA | 0.058 0.065 0.079 | 1636 kN 2054 kN (+25%) 2485 kN (+52%) |
Equivalent static analysis as per IS-1893-2016.
Building information:
No. of stories: 15 Full height: 45 m
Location: Ahmedabad city Distance from fault: 250 kms
Time period (X,Y): (0.9,1.0)s Base shear: refer Table 2
Hazard information:
BIS hazard zone: III (0.16 g) Attenuation: 1.5–2 (ISR)
PSHA maps: 0.22 g (NDMA) Seismic micro-zonation: 0.18 g (ISR)
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the governing body that regulates the professional minimum standards to be followed in India. The codes that are applicable for seismic design of buildings are IS 1893 (P1)-2016 and IS 13920–2016. The building is designed using these provisions and the capacity of building at structure level is noted for comparison with design standards of US (ACI-318) and Europe (EC-8). This can be a significant evaluation criterion in terms of performance evaluation, as the design and evaluation standards are different due to lack of performance evaluation guidelines in India.
The nonlinear static analysis (NSA) is a simpler means to evaluate performance and behavior of buildings under multiple excitations, (4 Mw – 7 Mw). The capacity spectrum method (CSM) is much debated as the demand-capacity are compared in one graph where hazard may be a partial information. Displacement coefficient method (DCM) is a better means to employ performance-based design procedure (PBD) as displacement gives better control. The target displacement
The building passes Life Safety (LS) performance under MCE level earthquake in case of 0.16 g and 0.18 g seismic hazard in Ahmedabad city for IS code-design case (refer Figure 4). Also, the building designed with IS code had performance of Collapse Prevention (CP) level while the building design with ACI-318 and EC-8 will collapse in 0.22 g hazard level. However, the location of failure hinge shown in Figure 5, describes the better behavior of structure designed using US and EN code provisions for buildings as only the base columns are failing. The columns at 4th and 7th level are failing in IS design case, hence the energy dissipation in the graph is poor. Important to note the strength of building designed as per IS code is highest and ductility achieved is more than the other design codes though the location of failure is not acceptable.
Comparison of capacity curve of building as per design codes.
Location of failure hinge at the end of POA. (a) IS design. (b) ACI design. (c) EC8 design.
The performance of building at structure level is shown in previous section, which gives the global picture of stability in the building and the performance level achieved at the end of pushover analysis. However, the deformation in each element of building (beam and column) during each step of nonlinear analysis gives the local performance level for that element and the concerned storey of building as the weak link may be established. The elements are modeled in ETABS using confined concrete model [16]. The performance of elements that failed in the structure at end of POA are shown in Figure 6. Performance of elements designed as per ACI and EN code is found to be higher in terms of post yield deformation and hence better performance will be available at local level.
Results of
The building is designed using ETABS software which gives the structure and element level performance of building. The performance of building elements can be evaluated using prevalent concrete models of confined concrete and high strength concrete. RC Analysis-Columns [17], web-portal is developed by Virtual Laboratory for Earthquake Engineering (VLEE, UTPL). Also, the SEMAp software developed by Ozmen (2007) gives the element capacity based on four concrete models [18]. The element level performance is suggested by Euro-code and Turkish-code for design of buildings for earthquakes [8, 9]. Hence, evaluating the performance of columns (i.e. failed element at the end of POA) using ETABS, EC-8, RC-Analysis (RCA) and SEMAp is interesting segment for assessing the performance.
The change in geometry of elements is picturized in form of curvature (
The testing of beams and columns under transverse loading will be the basis for element level performance (refer Figure 7c). The building elements follow double curvature and under lateral loading both ends undergo plastic deformations forming two hinges (refer Figure 7a). The curvature can be found using strain rates and member (
Element level analysis framework under transverse loading. (a) Double curvature in beams/columns. (b) Plastic analysis of column. (c) Testing of elements under transverse loading.
Definition of criteria for life safety (LS) performance limit (TEC 2007).
However, such limits are not prescribed by IS-1893 and makes it more critical for engineers to select and debate performance levels with their clients or stakeholders. Similarly, ASCE-41 suggests the rotation limits for Life Safety (LS) performance level which is 75% use of post-elastic rotation of the member (refer Figure 9).
Definition of criteria for life safety (LS) performance limit (ASCE-41).
The ultimate rotation limit is suggested by EC-8 for Near Collapse (NC) performance i.e. 100% use of post-yield deformation and Life Safety (LS) is 75% of ultimate rotation limit (refer Eqs. (4)–(7)).
The section analysis of confined concrete is dependent on the type of detailing done for beams and columns which undergo in-elastic deformations. ETABS software uses
Section analysis results for RC column designed as per IS code. (a)
Section analysis results for RC column designed as per ACI-318 code. (a)
Section analysis results for RC column designed as per EC8 design code. (a)
The mapping of threshold limits using design tools and codes gives an envelope for comparison. The ultimate rotation (
[1] | [2] | [3] | [4] | [5] | [6] | [7] | [8] | [9] | [10] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Design case | Tool/Code | (kN.m) | (kN.m) | (kN.m) | (1/m) | (1/m) | (1/m) | ||
IS Design 300 × 800 12-32ϕ | RCA | 120.42 | 539.86 | 560.82 | 0.0021 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.024 | 0.032 |
SEMAp | 94.78 | 430.98 | 364.14 | 0.0025 | 0.025 | 0.22 | 0.035 | 0.036 | |
TEC’07 | — | — | 369.65 | 0.0025 | 0.025 | 0.139 | 0.018 | 0.029 | |
EC8 | — | — | 361.06 | — | — | — | 0.032 | 0.053 | |
ETABS | 314.58 | 314.58 | 348.49 | — | — | — | — | 0.003 | |
ACI Design 300 × 900 12-20ϕ | RCA | 120.77 | 399.97 | 329.53 | 0.0028 | 0.03 | 0.187 | 0.025 | 0.038 |
SEMAp | 103.16 | 259.14 | 183.21 | 0.0035 | 0.028 | 0.245 | 0.030 | 0.044 | |
TEC’07 | — | — | 369.65 | 0.0035 | 0.028 | 0.139 | 0.018 | 0.031 | |
EC8 | — | — | 366.34 | — | — | 0.192 | 0.026 | 0.055 | |
ETABS | 234.53 | 234.53 | 330.91 | — | — | — | — | 0.002 | |
EC8 Design 300 × 1000 10-20ϕ | RCA | 125.92 | 314.63 | 293.42 | 0.0026 | 0.043 | 0.133 | 0.011 | 0.035 |
SEMAp | 103.2 | 248.95 | 173.86 | 0.0033 | 0.027 | 0.218 | 0.028 | 0.042 | |
TEC’07 | — | — | 372.58 | 0.0033 | 0.027 | 0.103 | 0.018 | 0.025 | |
EC8 | — | — | 366.16 | — | — | 0.193 | 0.026 | 0.041 | |
ETABS | 265.30 | 265.30 | 296.86 | — | — | — | — | 0.003 |
Section analysis using design tools and design codes (limits mapping).
Comparison of moment (M) at yield and ultimate state for column C19.
The discussion on results is based on design output for three seismic design codes for buildings to mark the comparisons. The details of performance and failure pattern in the following part are discussed to encompass: hinge results, hinge locations, performance point and element level indexes.
The building designed as per Indian Standard codes lead to higher performance in terms of overall capacity of building owing to section sizes and higher rebar requirements. The distribution of steel is better in building designed using ACI-318 and EC-8 (refer Figure 14).
The concept of formation of hinges in columns is not appreciated by seismic design engineers for which the beam to column capacity ratio is maintained in all seismic design codes viz. 1.2 in ACI and 1.4 in IS-13920. Hence, strong column-weak beam is the basic philosophy followed by all codes in different capacities (refer Figure 15).
Comparison of reinforcement in columns. (a) IS code design. (b) ACI-318 code design. (c) EC8 design.
Comparison of column to beam capacity ratio for GF elements. (a) Design as per IS-13920: Minimum 1.4 ratio in strong direction. (b) Design as per ACI-318: Minimum 2.6 in weak direction. (c) Design as per EC-8: Minimum 3.13 in weak direction.
It was found that the building designed using IS code resulted in the formation of hinges in columns and the failed columns were at the GF, 3rd, 4th and 5th storey (refer Figure 5a). The hinge locations for three designs are given in Figure 16. The performance point is compared in Figure 17.
The capacity of building designed as per IS code is higher due to higher percentage of steel in the building elements:
Failure hinges in GF elements designed as per seismic codes. (a) IS design. (b) ACI design. (c) EC-8 design.
Performance point of building designed as per IS codes.
The yield strain (
The moment estimates using ETABS, RCA and SEMAp show similarities. The ultimate moment estimation of ETABS and RCA are nearer while the estimate of yield moment of ETABS and SEMAp are nearer. The ductility values are different in RCA and SEMAp (refer Table 4).
RCA and SEMAp tools have distinct advantages to explore. Both the platforms help to exercise performance-based design. These tools give engineers the domain to evaluate elements considering different concrete models and different expressions for plastic hinge length to give more practical output in terms of performance.
The mapping of threshold limits for Life Safety (LS) performance for column C19 is done based on results of Table 3. The ultimate curvature values obtained from RCA and SEMAp are the same i.e. 0.22 (1/m). However, the difference in LS threshold for C19 is in the limiting moment (refer Figure 18).
To map the threshold limits based on the ultimate strain (
Tool | IS-1893 | ACI-318 | EC-8 |
---|---|---|---|
RCA | 6.67 | 6.23 | 3.09 |
SEMAp | 7.32 | 8.75 | 8.07 |
Curvature ductility (
Comparison of column C19 limits based on ultimate curvature.
Comparison of column C19 thresholds based on strain-limits.
The building designed using IS codes showed Life Safety (LS) performance level under 0.16 g and 0.18 g hazards while the building performance was Near Collapse (NC) for 0.22 g hazard.
The building designed using ACI-318 and EC-8 behaved better in terms of failure mode, but it did not meet the LS performance target in three hazard levels. The effectiveness of ACI and EC-8 design provisions as the performance under defined hazard of 0.16 g was better in all respects.
Controlling the element performance is necessary for improving the overall performance. The use of EC-8 provisions, which shows lowest capacity of building in current case, is suggested. ASCE-41 can be used for existing buildings while the provisions of EC-8 apply towards design of building and leads to less iterations for achieving LS-NC performance level.
Similarly, TEC-2007 is systematic towards achieving target performance.
The building is designed as per current versions of seismic design codes (IS, US, EN) to understand the parameters that swing the performance. The effectiveness of design provisions was evaluated using the non-linear static analysis procedures outlined in ASCE-41 and tools available to support performance-based design. The following points can be summarized from the study:
Though, pushover analysis and displacement procedures have inaccuracy for capturing higher modes, they significantly contribute towards understanding design problems and highlight limitations of code designed buildings.
The building to be designed in Ahmedabad city shall consider higher hazard levels than that suggested by BIS.
Code provisions need to be updated for Gujarat state as it is having five seismic zones (0.36 g – 0.1 g) and a hazard map is required to consider it in design of buildings. BIS provisions are based on intensity parameters, but the seismic-micro-zonation results are not considered in IS-1893.
The building designed as per IS-1893 can sustain hazard of 0.22 g though it is designed for 0.16 g, due to higher reinforcement in elements (4.2% against 2% in ACI/EN for C19). However, the building did not satisfy the beam mechanism principle and hinges formed in mid stories.
The building designed as per ACI and EC have better performance in terms of energy dissipation and control of failure. EC-8 has better potential to apply more control for achieving target performance.
Design tools have significant effect on performance evaluation of building. RCA is based on ACI-08 while SEMAp covers TEC-07 & ACI-08 parameters.
SEMAp software gives results for four concrete models which can be a feature to use in performance evaluation and hence it has a wider range as compared to RCA tool.
RCA has feature of generating multiple curves for analysis of many sections and hence it can give faster results. Also, RCA tool has other important curves that can show better analysis insights.
The results of SEMAp for four concrete models show significant variations that can lead to change in local and global performance of building. This feature is a support to the design and quick method to attempt PBD.
The tools and software packages shall be checked for failure modes before applying them in design. Hence, correlation of results with physical testing shall be done.
The design tools support the outputs for new design as they simulate results better for flexure failure. The limitations are discussed in literature [22].
Without knowledge of hazard, design of building is a fluke attempt and seismic-micro-zonation helps in mitigation plan. The vulnerability is judged by design principles and its effectiveness towards safety. The study was concentrated towards design of buildings which will reduce its vulnerability in MCE level earthquakes.
The exposure can be controlled only when design engineers with wholesome view of hazards, methods and safety are able to change the outcome from local level to global level which is the new norm of
The focus in India is towards use of ASCE-41 performance limits while this scheme in design is not yet achieved. The performance of buildings has improved from past and newer methods are getting a place in design offices, yet the mechanism to control the performance of buildings shall be the way ahead in line with the disaster mitigation needs. Tools for displacement-based approaches need to be further developed. Experimental and computational procedures cannot be alienated.
IntechOpen books and journals are available online by accessing all published content on a chapter/article level.
",metaTitle:"Access policy",metaDescription:"IntechOpen books are available online by accessing all published content on a chapter level",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:null,contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"All IntechOpen published chapters and articles are available OPEN ACCESS and can be read without the requirement for registration of any kind, immediately upon publication, without any barrier.
\\n\\nThe HTML version, as well as the PDF version of publications dated before 2012 that are accessible through a reader, are available to readers with no restriction.
\\n\\nThe full content of chapters and articles can be read, copied and printed from the link location of the chapter/article and these actions are not limited or restricted in any way.
\\n\\nRegistration is requested only to download the PDF of the chapter/article. There are no subscription fees and there is no charge to user groups.
\\n\\nIntechOpen chapters and articles are distributed under CC BY 3.0 licences allowing users to “copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship...” and there is no non-commercial restriction.
\\n\\nAuthors may post published works to any repository or website with no delay, and Authors and Editors of IntechOpen books have direct access to the PDF of the full book.
\\n\\nAll published content can be crawled for indexing. Full text and metadata may be accessed with instructions publicly posted.
\\n\\nAll IntechOpen books and Journal articles are indexed in CLOCKSS and preservation of access to published content is clearly indicated.
\\n\\nPolicy last updated: 2022-04-14
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"All IntechOpen published chapters and articles are available OPEN ACCESS and can be read without the requirement for registration of any kind, immediately upon publication, without any barrier.
\n\nThe HTML version, as well as the PDF version of publications dated before 2012 that are accessible through a reader, are available to readers with no restriction.
\n\nThe full content of chapters and articles can be read, copied and printed from the link location of the chapter/article and these actions are not limited or restricted in any way.
\n\nRegistration is requested only to download the PDF of the chapter/article. There are no subscription fees and there is no charge to user groups.
\n\nIntechOpen chapters and articles are distributed under CC BY 3.0 licences allowing users to “copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship...” and there is no non-commercial restriction.
\n\nAuthors may post published works to any repository or website with no delay, and Authors and Editors of IntechOpen books have direct access to the PDF of the full book.
\n\nAll published content can be crawled for indexing. Full text and metadata may be accessed with instructions publicly posted.
\n\nAll IntechOpen books and Journal articles are indexed in CLOCKSS and preservation of access to published content is clearly indicated.
\n\nPolicy last updated: 2022-04-14
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{},profiles:[{id:"396",title:"Dr.",name:"Vedran",middleName:null,surname:"Kordic",slug:"vedran-kordic",fullName:"Vedran Kordic",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/396/images/7281_n.png",biography:"After obtaining his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering he continued his education at the Vienna University of Technology where he obtained his PhD degree in 2004. He worked as a researcher at the Automation and Control Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology until 2008. His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. On September, 29th 2006 he has won a post PhD fellowship from the university of Bologna (from October 2006 to October 2008), at the competitive examination he was ranked first in the industrial engineering area. He extensively served as referee for several international journals. He is author/coauthor of more than 100 research papers. He has been involved in some projects supported by MURST and European Community. His research interests include pattern recognition, bioinformatics, and biometric systems (fingerprint classification and recognition, signature verification, face recognition).",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"496",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Leon",slug:"carlos-leon",fullName:"Carlos Leon",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Seville",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"512",title:"Dr.",name:"Dayang",middleName:null,surname:"Jawawi",slug:"dayang-jawawi",fullName:"Dayang Jawawi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Technology Malaysia",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}},{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",middleName:null,surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/528/images/system/528.jpg",biography:"K. Delac received his B.Sc.E.E. degree in 2003 and is currentlypursuing a Ph.D. degree at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing. His current research interests are digital image analysis, pattern recognition andbiometrics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Zagreb",country:{name:"Croatia"}}},{id:"557",title:"Dr.",name:"Andon",middleName:"Venelinov",surname:"Topalov",slug:"andon-topalov",fullName:"Andon Topalov",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/557/images/1927_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Andon V. Topalov received the MSc degree in Control Engineering from the Faculty of Information Systems, Technologies, and Automation at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGGU) in 1979. He then received his PhD degree in Control Engineering from the Department of Automation and Remote Control at Moscow State Mining University (MGSU), Moscow, in 1984. From 1985 to 1986, he was a Research Fellow in the Research Institute for Electronic Equipment, ZZU AD, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In 1986, he joined the Department of Control Systems, Technical University of Sofia at the Plovdiv campus, where he is presently a Full Professor. He has held long-term visiting Professor/Scholar positions at various institutions in South Korea, Turkey, Mexico, Greece, Belgium, UK, and Germany. And he has coauthored one book and authored or coauthored more than 80 research papers in conference proceedings and journals. His current research interests are in the fields of intelligent control and robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Technical University of Sofia",country:{name:"Bulgaria"}}},{id:"585",title:"Prof.",name:"Munir",middleName:null,surname:"Merdan",slug:"munir-merdan",fullName:"Munir Merdan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/585/images/system/585.jpg",biography:"Munir Merdan received the M.Sc. degree in mechanical engineering from the Technical University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2001, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, in 2009.Since 2005, he has been at the Automation and Control Institute, Vienna University of Technology, where he is currently a Senior Researcher. His research interests include the application of agent technology for achieving agile control in the manufacturing environment.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"605",title:"Prof",name:"Dil",middleName:null,surname:"Hussain",slug:"dil-hussain",fullName:"Dil Hussain",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/605/images/system/605.jpg",biography:"Dr. Dil Muhammad Akbar Hussain is a professor of Electronics Engineering & Computer Science at the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University Denmark. Professor Akbar has a Master degree in Digital Electronics from Govt. College University, Lahore Pakistan and a P-hD degree in Control Engineering from the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Sussex United Kingdom. Aalborg University has Two Satellite Campuses, one in Copenhagen (Aalborg University Copenhagen) and the other in Esbjerg (Aalborg University Esbjerg).\n· He is a member of prestigious IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), and IAENG (International Association of Engineers) organizations. \n· He is the chief Editor of the Journal of Software Engineering.\n· He is the member of the Editorial Board of International Journal of Computer Science and Software Technology (IJCSST) and International Journal of Computer Engineering and Information Technology. \n· He is also the Editor of Communication in Computer and Information Science CCIS-20 by Springer.\n· Reviewer For Many Conferences\nHe is the lead person in making collaboration agreements between Aalborg University and many universities of Pakistan, for which the MOU’s (Memorandum of Understanding) have been signed.\nProfessor Akbar is working in Academia since 1990, he started his career as a Lab demonstrator/TA at the University of Sussex. After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. He has contributed in stochastic estimation of control area especially, in the Multiple Target Tracking and Interactive Multiple Model (IMM) research, Ball & Beam Control Problem, Robotics, Levitation Control. He has contributed in developing Algorithms for Fingerprint Matching, Computer Vision and Face Recognition. He has been supervising Pattern Recognition, Formal Languages and Distributed Processing projects for several years. He has reviewed many books on Management, Computer Science. Currently, he is an active and permanent reviewer for many international conferences and symposia and the program committee member for many international conferences.\nIn teaching he has taught the core computer science subjects like, Digital Design, Real Time Embedded System Programming, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, Data Structures, Databases, Compiler Construction. In the Engineering side, Digital Signal Processing, Computer Architecture, Electronics Devices, Digital Filtering and Engineering Management.\nApart from his Academic Interest and activities he loves sport especially, Cricket, Football, Snooker and Squash. He plays cricket for Esbjerg city in the second division team as an opener wicket keeper batsman. He is a very good player of squash but has not played squash since his arrival in Denmark.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"611",title:"Prof.",name:"T",middleName:null,surname:"Nagarajan",slug:"t-nagarajan",fullName:"T Nagarajan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universiti Teknologi Petronas",country:{name:"Malaysia"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:6630},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5913},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:2404},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:12563},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:1009},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:17575}],offset:12,limit:12,total:132968},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"1",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish"},books:[{type:"book",id:"11254",title:"Optical Coherence Tomography",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"a958c09ceaab1fc44c1dd0a817f48c92",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11254.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11554",title:"Information Systems Management",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"3134452ff2fdec020663f241c7a9a748",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11554.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11436",title:"Beauty",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0e15ba86bab1a64f950318f3ab2584ed",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11436.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11438",title:"Fake News in the Era of Pandemics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"bc9e4cab86c76f35cd70b39086d9b69e",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11438.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11472",title:"21st Century Slavery",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b341f3fc3411ced881e43ce007a892b8",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11472.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11473",title:"Social Inequality",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"20307129f7fb39aa443d5449acb6a784",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11473.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11546",title:"Smart and Sustainable Transportation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e8ea27a1ff85cde00efcb6f6968c20f8",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11546.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11605",title:"Bamboo",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"378d957561b27c86b750a9c7841a5d18",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11605.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11616",title:"Foraging",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"955b60bb658c8d1a09dd4efc9bf6674b",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11616.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11632",title:"Updated Research on Bacteriophages",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d34dfa0d5d10511184f97ddaeef9936b",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11632.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11649",title:"Carnivora",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"cfe96fa2ecf64b22057163f9896dc476",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11649.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11650",title:"Aquifers",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"2a7acb5c7fbf3f244aefa79513407b5e",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11650.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:36},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:16},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:14},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:31},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:95},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:31},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1}],offset:12,limit:12,total:314},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11001",title:"Density Functional Theory",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"82d53383af78ab41eb982086c02fb2bb",slug:"density-functional-theory-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11001.jpg",editors:[{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11752",title:"Natural Drugs from Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a0a83c0822608ef7592bf16a5ed0ada4",slug:"natural-drugs-from-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11752.jpg",editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9670",title:"Current Trends in Wheat Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"89d795987f1747a76eee532700d2093d",slug:"current-trends-in-wheat-research",bookSignature:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9670.jpg",editors:[{id:"185476",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman",middleName:null,surname:"Ansari",slug:"mahmood-ur-rahman-ansari",fullName:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9808",title:"Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety",subtitle:"Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb6371607c2c6c02c6a2af8892765aba",slug:"contemporary-topics-in-patient-safety-volume-1",bookSignature:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki and Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9808.jpg",editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",middleName:null,surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9544",title:"Global Trade in the Emerging Business Environment",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fb8cb09b9599246add78d508a98273d5",slug:"global-trade-in-the-emerging-business-environment",bookSignature:"Muhammad Mohiuddin, Jingbin Wang , Md. Samim Al Azad and Selim Ahmed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9544.jpg",editors:[{id:"418514",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Mohiuddin",slug:"muhammad-mohiuddin",fullName:"Muhammad Mohiuddin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4387},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"9974",title:"E-Learning and Digital Education in the Twenty-First Century",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"88b58d66e975df20425fc1dfd22d53aa",slug:"e-learning-and-digital-education-in-the-twenty-first-century",bookSignature:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9974.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3385,editors:[{id:"94099",title:"Dr.",name:"M. Mahruf C.",middleName:null,surname:"Shohel",slug:"m.-mahruf-c.-shohel",fullName:"M. Mahruf C. Shohel"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11001",title:"Density Functional Theory",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"82d53383af78ab41eb982086c02fb2bb",slug:"density-functional-theory-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11001.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1875,editors:[{id:"198499",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Glossman-Mitnik",slug:"daniel-glossman-mitnik",fullName:"Daniel Glossman-Mitnik"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10356",title:"Natural Medicinal Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"943e56ccaaf19ff696d25aa638ae37d6",slug:"natural-medicinal-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10356.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3842,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"11752",title:"Natural Drugs from Plants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a0a83c0822608ef7592bf16a5ed0ada4",slug:"natural-drugs-from-plants",bookSignature:"Hany A. El-Shemy",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11752.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3008,editors:[{id:"54719",title:"Prof.",name:"Hany",middleName:null,surname:"El-Shemy",slug:"hany-el-shemy",fullName:"Hany El-Shemy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10251",title:"Plankton Communities",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e11e441ca2d2d5f631b1b4704505cfb6",slug:"plankton-communities",bookSignature:"Leonel Pereira and Ana Marta Gonçalves",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10251.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1109,editors:[{id:"279788",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonel",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",slug:"leonel-pereira",fullName:"Leonel Pereira"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10830",title:"Animal Feed Science and Nutrition",subtitle:"Production, Health and Environment",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"79944fc8fbbaa329aed6fde388154832",slug:"animal-feed-science-and-nutrition-production-health-and-environment",bookSignature:"Amlan Kumar Patra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10830.jpg",publishedDate:"May 18th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1010,editors:[{id:"310962",title:"Dr.",name:"Amlan",middleName:"Kumar",surname:"Patra",slug:"amlan-patra",fullName:"Amlan Patra"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10584",title:"Engineered Wood Products for Construction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"421757c56a3735986055250821275a51",slug:"engineered-wood-products-for-construction",bookSignature:"Meng Gong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10584.jpg",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3918,editors:[{id:"274242",title:"Dr.",name:"Meng",middleName:null,surname:"Gong",slug:"meng-gong",fullName:"Meng Gong"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9670",title:"Current Trends in Wheat Research",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"89d795987f1747a76eee532700d2093d",slug:"current-trends-in-wheat-research",bookSignature:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9670.jpg",publishedDate:"May 11th 2022",numberOfDownloads:1654,editors:[{id:"185476",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman",middleName:null,surname:"Ansari",slug:"mahmood-ur-rahman-ansari",fullName:"Mahmood-ur-Rahman Ansari"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9032",title:"Corporate Social Responsibility",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f609bf3251d7cc7bae0099a4374adfc3",slug:"corporate-social-responsibility",bookSignature:"Beatrice Orlando",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9032.jpg",publishedDate:"March 16th 2022",numberOfDownloads:7686,editors:[{id:"232969",title:"Prof.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Orlando",slug:"beatrice-orlando",fullName:"Beatrice Orlando"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10681",title:"Biodegradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9a6e10e02788092872fd249436898e97",slug:"biodegradation-technology-of-organic-and-inorganic-pollutants",bookSignature:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes, Rodrigo Nogueira de Sousa and Kamila Cabral Mielke",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10681.jpg",publishedDate:"April 20th 2022",numberOfDownloads:3444,editors:[{id:"197720",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Kassio",middleName:null,surname:"Ferreira Mendes",slug:"kassio-ferreira-mendes",fullName:"Kassio Ferreira Mendes"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10522",title:"Coding Theory",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6357e1dd7d38adeb519ca7a10dc9e5a0",slug:"coding-theory-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Sudhakar Radhakrishnan and Sudev Naduvath",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10522.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"26327",title:"Dr.",name:"Sudhakar",middleName:null,surname:"Radhakrishnan",slug:"sudhakar-radhakrishnan",fullName:"Sudhakar Radhakrishnan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10821",title:"Automation and Control",subtitle:"Theories and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"18463c2291ba306c4dcbabd988227eea",slug:"automation-and-control-theories-and-applications",bookSignature:"Elmer P. Dadios",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10821.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"111683",title:"Prof.",name:"Elmer P.",middleName:"P.",surname:"Dadios",slug:"elmer-p.-dadios",fullName:"Elmer P. Dadios"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11348",title:"Mutagenesis and Mitochondrial-Associated Pathologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"001972b3c5b49367314b13025a449232",slug:"mutagenesis-and-mitochondrial-associated-pathologies",bookSignature:"Michael Fasullo and Angel Catala",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11348.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"258231",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:"Thomas",surname:"Fasullo",slug:"michael-fasullo",fullName:"Michael Fasullo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"11123",title:"Epoxy-Based Composites",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c1c5447cf3b9d6c7688276ac30e80de6",slug:"epoxy-based-composites",bookSignature:"Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai, Ramesh Arthanari and M.R.Meera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11123.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"247421",title:"Dr.",name:"Samson Jerold Samuel",middleName:null,surname:"Chelladurai",slug:"samson-jerold-samuel-chelladurai",fullName:"Samson Jerold Samuel Chelladurai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10632",title:"Theory and Practice of Tunnel Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7ba17749f9d0b6a62d584a3c320a1f49",slug:"theory-and-practice-of-tunnel-engineering",bookSignature:"Hasan Tosun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10632.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"79083",title:"Prof.",name:"Hasan",middleName:null,surname:"Tosun",slug:"hasan-tosun",fullName:"Hasan Tosun"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10906",title:"Fungal Reproduction and Growth",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f84de0280d54f3b52e3e4585cff24ac1",slug:"fungal-reproduction-and-growth",bookSignature:"Sadia Sultan and Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10906.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"176737",title:"Dr.",name:"Sadia",middleName:null,surname:"Sultan",slug:"sadia-sultan",fullName:"Sadia Sultan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10914",title:"Effective Elimination of Structural Racism",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f6a2562646c0fd664aca8335bc3b3e69",slug:"effective-elimination-of-structural-racism",bookSignature:"Erick Guerrero",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10914.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"294761",title:"Dr.",name:"Erick",middleName:null,surname:"Guerrero",slug:"erick-guerrero",fullName:"Erick Guerrero"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10664",title:"Animal Reproduction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2d66af42fb17d0a6556bb9ef28e273c7",slug:"animal-reproduction",bookSignature:"Yusuf Bozkurt and Mustafa Numan Bucak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10664.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"90846",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",middleName:null,surname:"Bozkurt",slug:"yusuf-bozkurt",fullName:"Yusuf Bozkurt"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10940",title:"Plant Hormones",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5aae8a345f8047ed528914ff3491f643",slug:"plant-hormones-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",bookSignature:"Christophe Hano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10940.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"313856",title:"Dr.",name:"Christophe",middleName:"F.E.",surname:"Hano",slug:"christophe-hano",fullName:"Christophe Hano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10207",title:"Sexual Abuse",subtitle:"An Interdisciplinary Approach",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e1ec1d5a7093490df314d7887e0b3809",slug:"sexual-abuse-an-interdisciplinary-approach",bookSignature:"Ersi Kalfoğlu and Sotirios Kalfoglou",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10207.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",publishedDate:"May 25th 2022",editors:[{id:"68678",title:"Dr.",name:"Ersi",middleName:null,surname:"Kalfoglou",slug:"ersi-kalfoglou",fullName:"Ersi Kalfoglou"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"161",title:"Algebra",slug:"algebra",parent:{id:"15",title:"Mathematics",slug:"mathematics"},numberOfBooks:5,numberOfSeries:0,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:56,numberOfWosCitations:29,numberOfCrossrefCitations:7,numberOfDimensionsCitations:25,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicId:"161",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"10853",title:"Recent Advances in Polynomials",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9e8671bae09ccaa8b8e276c639a737fc",slug:"recent-advances-in-polynomials",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10853.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8599",title:"Polynomials",subtitle:"Theory and Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1c36cace7f309250a777c0f404a2d79f",slug:"polynomials-theory-and-application",bookSignature:"Cheon Seoung Ryoo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8599.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"230100",title:"Prof.",name:"Cheon Seoung",middleName:null,surname:"Ryoo",slug:"cheon-seoung-ryoo",fullName:"Cheon Seoung Ryoo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6526",title:"Matrix Theory",subtitle:"Applications and Theorems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"007221e88f11abf3c1bee9ba865c51b3",slug:"matrix-theory-applications-and-theorems",bookSignature:"Hassan A. Yasser",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6526.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"68107",title:"Prof.",name:"Hassan",middleName:"Abid",surname:"Yasser",slug:"hassan-yasser",fullName:"Hassan Yasser"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5134",title:"Applied Linear Algebra in Action",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2aeb0040a0135ad33564d0f5f19d6103",slug:"applied-linear-algebra-in-action",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5134.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2738",title:"Linear Algebra",subtitle:"Theorems and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7d4a676338d6da7a444a01743804f93a",slug:"linear-algebra-theorems-and-applications",bookSignature:"Hassan Abid Yasser",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2738.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"68107",title:"Prof.",name:"Hassan",middleName:"Abid",surname:"Yasser",slug:"hassan-yasser",fullName:"Hassan Yasser"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:5,seriesByTopicCollection:[],seriesByTopicTotal:0,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"37780",doi:"10.5772/46482",title:"Algebraic Theory of Appell Polynomials with Application to General Linear Interpolation Problem",slug:"algebraic-theory-of-appell-polynomials-with-application-to-general-linear-interpolation-problem",totalDownloads:3031,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:4,abstract:null,book:{id:"2738",slug:"linear-algebra-theorems-and-applications",title:"Linear Algebra",fullTitle:"Linear Algebra - Theorems and Applications"},signatures:"Francesco Aldo Costabile and Elisabetta Longo",authors:[{id:"143684",title:"Prof.",name:"Francesco A.",middleName:null,surname:"Costabile",slug:"francesco-a.-costabile",fullName:"Francesco A. Costabile"},{id:"145195",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisabetta",middleName:null,surname:"Longo",slug:"elisabetta-longo",fullName:"Elisabetta Longo"}]},{id:"37785",doi:"10.5772/48198",title:"Partition-Matrix Theory Applied to the Computation of Generalized-Inverses for MIMO Systems in Rayleigh Fading Channels",slug:"partition-matrix-theory-applied-to-the-computation-of-generalized-inverses-for-mimo-systems-in-rayle",totalDownloads:3222,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"2738",slug:"linear-algebra-theorems-and-applications",title:"Linear Algebra",fullTitle:"Linear Algebra - Theorems and Applications"},signatures:"P. Cervantes, L.F. González, F.J. Ortiz and A.D. García",authors:[{id:"140284",title:"Mr.",name:"Pedro C.",middleName:null,surname:"Lozano",slug:"pedro-c.-lozano",fullName:"Pedro C. Lozano"},{id:"154942",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis",middleName:null,surname:"Gonzalez",slug:"luis-gonzalez",fullName:"Luis Gonzalez"}]},{id:"37787",doi:"10.5772/48279",title:"Nonnegative Inverse Eigenvalue Problem",slug:"nonnegative-inverse-eigenvalue-problem",totalDownloads:3156,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:3,abstract:null,book:{id:"2738",slug:"linear-algebra-theorems-and-applications",title:"Linear Algebra",fullTitle:"Linear Algebra - Theorems and Applications"},signatures:"Ricardo L. Soto",authors:[{id:"141560",title:"PhD.",name:"Ricardo",middleName:null,surname:"Soto",slug:"ricardo-soto",fullName:"Ricardo Soto"}]},{id:"60350",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.74105",title:"Cramer’s Rules for the System of Two-Sided Matrix Equations and of Its Special Cases",slug:"cramer-s-rules-for-the-system-of-two-sided-matrix-equations-and-of-its-special-cases",totalDownloads:1102,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Within the framework of the theory of row-column determinants previously introduced by the author, we get determinantal representations (analogs of Cramer’s rule) of a partial solution to the system of two-sided quaternion matrix equations A1XB1=C1, A2XB2=C2. We also give Cramer’s rules for its special cases when the first equation be one-sided. Namely, we consider the two systems with the first equation A1X=C1 and XB1=C1, respectively, and with an unchanging second equation. Cramer’s rules for special cases when two equations are one-sided, namely the system of the equations A1X=C1, XB2=C2, and the system of the equations A1X=C1, A2X=C2 are studied as well. Since the Moore-Penrose inverse is a necessary tool to solve matrix equations, we use its determinantal representations previously obtained by the author in terms of row-column determinants as well.",book:{id:"6526",slug:"matrix-theory-applications-and-theorems",title:"Matrix Theory",fullTitle:"Matrix Theory - Applications and Theorems"},signatures:"Ivan I. Kyrchei",authors:[{id:"226980",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Kyrchei",slug:"ivan-kyrchei",fullName:"Ivan Kyrchei"}]},{id:"66332",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.82728",title:"Polynomials with Symmetric Zeros",slug:"polynomials-with-symmetric-zeros",totalDownloads:999,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Polynomials whose zeros are symmetric either to the real line or to the unit circle are very important in mathematics and physics. We can classify them into three main classes: the self-conjugate polynomials, whose zeros are symmetric to the real line; the self-inversive polynomials, whose zeros are symmetric to the unit circle; and the self-reciprocal polynomials, whose zeros are symmetric by an inversion with respect to the unit circle followed by a reflection in the real line. Real self-reciprocal polynomials are simultaneously self-conjugate and self-inversive so that their zeros are symmetric to both the real line and the unit circle. In this survey, we present a short review of these polynomials, focusing on the distribution of their zeros.",book:{id:"8599",slug:"polynomials-theory-and-application",title:"Polynomials",fullTitle:"Polynomials - Theory and Application"},signatures:"Ricardo Vieira",authors:null}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"50675",title:"Eigenvalue Problems",slug:"eigenvalue-problems",totalDownloads:2551,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"In natural sciences and engineering, are often used differential equations and systems of differential equations. Their solution leads to the problem of eigenvalues. Because of that, problem of eigenvalues occupies an important place in linear algebra. In this caption we will consider the problem of eigenvalues, and to linear and quadratic problems of eigenvalues. During the studying of linear problem of eigenvalues, we put emphasis on QR algorithm for unsymmetrical case and on minmax characterization of symmetric case. During the studying of quadratic problems of eingenvalue, we consider the linearization and variational characterization. We illustrate all with practical examples.",book:{id:"5134",slug:"applied-linear-algebra-in-action",title:"Applied Linear Algebra in Action",fullTitle:"Applied Linear Algebra in Action"},signatures:"Aleksandra Kostić",authors:[{id:"178893",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Aleksandra",middleName:null,surname:"Kostić",slug:"aleksandra-kostic",fullName:"Aleksandra Kostić"}]},{id:"60260",title:"Nature of Phyllotaxy and Topology of H-matrix",slug:"nature-of-phyllotaxy-and-topology-of-h-matrix",totalDownloads:1204,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"The main purpose of this chapter is to introduce a new type of regular matrix generated by Fibonacci numbers and we shall investigate its various topological properties. The concept of mathematical regularity in terms of Fibonacci numbers and phyllotaxy have been discussed.",book:{id:"6526",slug:"matrix-theory-applications-and-theorems",title:"Matrix Theory",fullTitle:"Matrix Theory - Applications and Theorems"},signatures:"Ab. Hamid Ganie",authors:[{id:"228760",title:"Dr.",name:"Abdul Hamid",middleName:null,surname:"Ganie",slug:"abdul-hamid-ganie",fullName:"Abdul Hamid Ganie"}]},{id:"60350",title:"Cramer’s Rules for the System of Two-Sided Matrix Equations and of Its Special Cases",slug:"cramer-s-rules-for-the-system-of-two-sided-matrix-equations-and-of-its-special-cases",totalDownloads:1102,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:2,abstract:"Within the framework of the theory of row-column determinants previously introduced by the author, we get determinantal representations (analogs of Cramer’s rule) of a partial solution to the system of two-sided quaternion matrix equations A1XB1=C1, A2XB2=C2. We also give Cramer’s rules for its special cases when the first equation be one-sided. Namely, we consider the two systems with the first equation A1X=C1 and XB1=C1, respectively, and with an unchanging second equation. Cramer’s rules for special cases when two equations are one-sided, namely the system of the equations A1X=C1, XB2=C2, and the system of the equations A1X=C1, A2X=C2 are studied as well. Since the Moore-Penrose inverse is a necessary tool to solve matrix equations, we use its determinantal representations previously obtained by the author in terms of row-column determinants as well.",book:{id:"6526",slug:"matrix-theory-applications-and-theorems",title:"Matrix Theory",fullTitle:"Matrix Theory - Applications and Theorems"},signatures:"Ivan I. Kyrchei",authors:[{id:"226980",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Kyrchei",slug:"ivan-kyrchei",fullName:"Ivan Kyrchei"}]},{id:"65322",title:"A Numerical Investigation on the Structure of the Zeros of the Q-Tangent Polynomials",slug:"a-numerical-investigation-on-the-structure-of-the-zeros-of-the-q-tangent-polynomials",totalDownloads:957,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,abstract:"We introduce q-tangent polynomials and their basic properties including q-derivative and q-integral. By using Mathematica, we find approximate roots of q-tangent polynomials. We also investigate relations of zeros between q-tangent polynomials and classical tangent polynomials.",book:{id:"8599",slug:"polynomials-theory-and-application",title:"Polynomials",fullTitle:"Polynomials - Theory and Application"},signatures:"Jung Yoog Kang and Cheon Seoung Ryoo",authors:null},{id:"59479",title:"Matrices Which are Discrete Versions of Linear Operations",slug:"matrices-which-are-discrete-versions-of-linear-operations",totalDownloads:952,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,abstract:"We introduce and study a matrix which has the exponential function as one of its eigenvectors. We realize that this matrix represents a set of finite differences derivation of vectors on a partition. This matrix leads to new expressions for finite differences derivatives which are exact for the exponential function. We find some properties of this matrix, the induced derivatives and of its inverse. We provide an expression for the derivative of a product, of a ratio, of the inverse of vectors, and we also find the equivalent of the summation by parts theorem of continuous functions. This matrix could be of interest to discrete quantum mechanics theory.",book:{id:"6526",slug:"matrix-theory-applications-and-theorems",title:"Matrix Theory",fullTitle:"Matrix Theory - Applications and Theorems"},signatures:"Armando Martínez Pérez and Gabino Torres Vega",authors:[{id:"93519",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabino",middleName:null,surname:"Torres-Vega",slug:"gabino-torres-vega",fullName:"Gabino Torres-Vega"},{id:"219225",title:"MSc.",name:"Armando",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Pérez",slug:"armando-martinez-perez",fullName:"Armando Martínez-Pérez"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"161",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:87,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:99,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:27,numberOfPublishedChapters:290,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:9,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:139,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:0,numberOfUpcomingTopics:2,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:108,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:1,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!1},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}},{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",issn:"2633-1403",scope:"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing multidisciplinary research area that aims to solve increasingly complex problems. In today's highly integrated world, AI promises to become a robust and powerful means for obtaining solutions to previously unsolvable problems. This Series is intended for researchers and students alike interested in this fascinating field and its many applications.",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series/covers/14.jpg",latestPublicationDate:"May 18th, 2022",hasOnlineFirst:!0,numberOfPublishedBooks:9,editor:{id:"218714",title:"Prof.",name:"Andries",middleName:null,surname:"Engelbrecht",slug:"andries-engelbrecht",fullName:"Andries Engelbrecht",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRNR8QAO/Profile_Picture_1622640468300",biography:"Andries Engelbrecht received the Masters and PhD degrees in Computer Science from the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, in 1994 and 1999 respectively. He is currently appointed as the Voigt Chair in Data Science in the Department of Industrial Engineering, with a joint appointment as Professor in the Computer Science Division, Stellenbosch University. Prior to his appointment at Stellenbosch University, he has been at the University of Pretoria, Department of Computer Science (1998-2018), where he was appointed as South Africa Research Chair in Artifical Intelligence (2007-2018), the head of the Department of Computer Science (2008-2017), and Director of the Institute for Big Data and Data Science (2017-2018). In addition to a number of research articles, he has written two books, Computational Intelligence: An Introduction and Fundamentals of Computational Swarm Intelligence.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Stellenbosch University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"South Africa"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},subseries:{paginationCount:6,paginationItems:[{id:"22",title:"Applied Intelligence",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/22.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11418,editor:{id:"27170",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos",middleName:"M.",surname:"Travieso-Gonzalez",slug:"carlos-travieso-gonzalez",fullName:"Carlos Travieso-Gonzalez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/27170/images/system/27170.jpeg",biography:"Carlos M. Travieso-González received his MSc degree in Telecommunication Engineering at Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain in 1997, and his Ph.D. degree in 2002 at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC-Spain). He is a full professor of signal processing and pattern recognition and is head of the Signals and Communications Department at ULPGC, teaching from 2001 on subjects on signal processing and learning theory. His research lines are biometrics, biomedical signals and images, data mining, classification system, signal and image processing, machine learning, and environmental intelligence. He has researched in 52 international and Spanish research projects, some of them as head researcher. He is co-author of 4 books, co-editor of 27 proceedings books, guest editor for 8 JCR-ISI international journals, and up to 24 book chapters. He has over 450 papers published in international journals and conferences (81 of them indexed on JCR – ISI - Web of Science). He has published seven patents in the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office. He has been a supervisor on 8 Ph.D. theses (11 more are under supervision), and 130 master theses. He is the founder of The IEEE IWOBI conference series and the president of its Steering Committee, as well as the founder of both the InnoEducaTIC and APPIS conference series. He is an evaluator of project proposals for the European Union (H2020), Medical Research Council (MRC, UK), Spanish Government (ANECA, Spain), Research National Agency (ANR, France), DAAD (Germany), Argentinian Government, and the Colombian Institutions. He has been a reviewer in different indexed international journals (<70) and conferences (<250) since 2001. He has been a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Image Processing from 2007 and a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems from 2011. \n\nHe has held the general chair position for the following: ACM-APPIS (2020, 2021), IEEE-IWOBI (2019, 2020 and 2020), A PPIS (2018, 2019), IEEE-IWOBI (2014, 2015, 2017, 2018), InnoEducaTIC (2014, 2017), IEEE-INES (2013), NoLISP (2011), JRBP (2012), and IEEE-ICCST (2005)\n\nHe is an associate editor of the Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Journal (Hindawi – Q2 JCR-ISI). He was vice dean from 2004 to 2010 in the Higher Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers at ULPGC and the vice dean of Graduate and Postgraduate Studies from March 2013 to November 2017. He won the “Catedra Telefonica” Awards in Modality of Knowledge Transfer, 2017, 2018, and 2019 editions, and awards in Modality of COVID Research in 2020.\n\nPublic References:\nResearcher ID http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-5967-2014\nORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-2768 \nScopus Author ID https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602376272\nScholar Google https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=G1ks9nIAAAAJ&hl=en \nResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carlos_Travieso",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/23.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11419,editor:{id:"14004",title:"Dr.",name:"Magnus",middleName:null,surname:"Johnsson",slug:"magnus-johnsson",fullName:"Magnus Johnsson",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/14004/images/system/14004.png",biography:"Dr Magnus Johnsson is a cross-disciplinary scientist, lecturer, scientific editor and AI/machine learning consultant from Sweden. \n\nHe is currently at Malmö University in Sweden, but also held positions at Lund University in Sweden and at Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. \nHe holds editorial positions at several international scientific journals and has served as a scientific editor for books and special journal issues. \nHis research interests are wide and include, but are not limited to, autonomous systems, computer modeling, artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive robotics, cognitive architectures, cognitive aids and the philosophy of mind. \n\nDr. Johnsson has experience from working in the industry and he has a keen interest in the application of neural networks and artificial intelligence to fields like industry, finance, and medicine. \n\nWeb page: www.magnusjohnsson.se",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Malmö University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11420,editor:{id:"294154",title:"Prof.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Papakostas",slug:"george-papakostas",fullName:"George Papakostas",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002hYaGbQAK/Profile_Picture_1624519712088",biography:"George A. Papakostas has received a diploma in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1999 and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2002 and 2007, respectively, from the Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Greece. Dr. Papakostas serves as a Tenured Full Professor at the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, Greece. Dr. Papakostas has 10 years of experience in large-scale systems design as a senior software engineer and technical manager, and 20 years of research experience in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Currently, he is the Head of the “Visual Computing” division of HUman-MAchines INteraction Laboratory (HUMAIN-Lab) and the Director of the MPhil program “Advanced Technologies in Informatics and Computers” hosted by the Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University. He has (co)authored more than 150 publications in indexed journals, international conferences and book chapters, 1 book (in Greek), 3 edited books, and 5 journal special issues. His publications have more than 2100 citations with h-index 27 (GoogleScholar). His research interests include computer/machine vision, machine learning, pattern recognition, computational intelligence. \nDr. Papakostas served as a reviewer in numerous journals, as a program\ncommittee member in international conferences and he is a member of the IAENG, MIR Labs, EUCogIII, INSTICC and the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"International Hellenic University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"25",title:"Evolutionary Computation",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11421,editor:{id:"136112",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Ventura Soto",slug:"sebastian-ventura-soto",fullName:"Sebastian Ventura Soto",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/136112/images/system/136112.png",biography:"Sebastian Ventura is a Spanish researcher, a full professor with the Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba. Dr Ventura also holds the positions of Affiliated Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, USA) and Distinguished Adjunct Professor at King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Additionally, he is deputy director of the Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI) and heads the Knowledge Discovery and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory. He has published more than ten books and over 300 articles in journals and scientific conferences. Currently, his work has received over 18,000 citations according to Google Scholar, including more than 2200 citations in 2020. In the last five years, he has published more than 60 papers in international journals indexed in the JCR (around 70% of them belonging to first quartile journals) and he has edited some Springer books “Supervised Descriptive Pattern Mining” (2018), “Multiple Instance Learning - Foundations and Algorithms” (2016), and “Pattern Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms” (2016). He has also been involved in more than 20 research projects supported by the Spanish and Andalusian governments and the European Union. He currently belongs to the editorial board of PeerJ Computer Science, Information Fusion and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence journals, being also associate editor of Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing and IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics. Finally, he is editor-in-chief of Progress in Artificial Intelligence. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE Computer, the IEEE Computational Intelligence, and the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Societies, and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Finally, his main research interests include data science, computational intelligence, and their applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Córdoba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/26.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11422,editor:{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"27",title:"Multi-Agent Systems",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/27.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,annualVolume:11423,editor:{id:"148497",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Emin",surname:"Aydin",slug:"mehmet-aydin",fullName:"Mehmet Aydin",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/148497/images/system/148497.jpg",biography:"Dr. Mehmet Emin Aydin is a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Computer Science and Creative Technology, the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. His research interests include swarm intelligence, parallel and distributed metaheuristics, machine learning, intelligent agents and multi-agent systems, resource planning, scheduling and optimization, combinatorial optimization. Dr. Aydin is currently a Fellow of Higher Education Academy, UK, a member of EPSRC College, a senior member of IEEE and a senior member of ACM. In addition to being a member of advisory committees of many international conferences, he is an Editorial Board Member of various peer-reviewed international journals. He has served as guest editor for a number of special issues of peer-reviewed international journals.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of the West of England",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:17,paginationItems:[{id:"81791",title:"Self-Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning in Computer Vision",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104785",signatures:"Yalin Bastanlar and Semih Orhan",slug:"self-supervised-contrastive-representation-learning-in-computer-vision",totalDownloads:12,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Pattern Recognition - New Insights",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11442.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"79345",title:"Application of Jump Diffusion Models in Insurance Claim Estimation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.99853",signatures:"Leonard Mushunje, Chiedza Elvina Mashiri, Edina Chandiwana and Maxwell Mashasha",slug:"application-of-jump-diffusion-models-in-insurance-claim-estimation-1",totalDownloads:2,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Data Clustering",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10820.jpg",subseries:{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining"}}},{id:"81557",title:"Object Tracking Using Adapted Optical Flow",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102863",signatures:"Ronaldo Ferreira, Joaquim José de Castro Ferreira and António José Ribeiro Neves",slug:"object-tracking-using-adapted-optical-flow",totalDownloads:11,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}},{id:"81558",title:"Thresholding Image Techniques for Plant Segmentation",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104587",signatures:"Miguel Ángel Castillo-Martínez, Francisco Javier Gallegos-Funes, Blanca E. Carvajal-Gámez, Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa and Alberto J. Rosales-Silva",slug:"thresholding-image-techniques-for-plant-segmentation",totalDownloads:16,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Information Extraction and Object Tracking in Digital Video",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10652.jpg",subseries:{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:9,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7723",title:"Artificial Intelligence",subtitle:"Applications in Medicine and Biology",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7723.jpg",slug:"artificial-intelligence-applications-in-medicine-and-biology",publishedDate:"July 31st 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernandez",hash:"a3852659e727f95c98c740ed98146011",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Artificial Intelligence - Applications in Medicine and Biology",editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"7726",title:"Swarm Intelligence",subtitle:"Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7726.jpg",slug:"swarm-intelligence-recent-advances-new-perspectives-and-applications",publishedDate:"December 4th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Javier Del Ser, Esther Villar and Eneko Osaba",hash:"e7ea7e74ce7a7a8e5359629e07c68d31",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",editors:[{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null}]},{type:"book",id:"7656",title:"Fuzzy Logic",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7656.jpg",slug:"fuzzy-logic",publishedDate:"February 5th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Constantin Volosencu",hash:"54f092d4ffe0abf5e4172a80025019bc",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Fuzzy Logic",editors:[{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Romania"}}}]},{type:"book",id:"9963",title:"Advances and Applications in Deep Learning",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9963.jpg",slug:"advances-and-applications-in-deep-learning",publishedDate:"December 9th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marco Antonio Aceves-Fernandez",hash:"0d51ba46f22e55cb89140f60d86a071e",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Advances and Applications in Deep Learning",editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}}]}]},openForSubmissionBooks:{paginationCount:4,paginationItems:[{id:"11445",title:"Multi-Agent Technologies and Machine Learning",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11445.jpg",hash:"d980826615baa6e33456e2a79064c5e8",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,submissionDeadline:"March 29th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"265237",title:"Prof.",name:"Igor",surname:"Sheremet",slug:"igor-sheremet",fullName:"Igor Sheremet"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11446",title:"Industry 4.0 - Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11446.jpg",hash:"be984f45b90c1003798661ef885d8a34",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,submissionDeadline:"May 12th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"303193",title:"Dr.",name:"Meisam",surname:"Gordan",slug:"meisam-gordan",fullName:"Meisam Gordan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11448",title:"Artificial Neural Networks - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11448.jpg",hash:"e57ff97a39cfc6fe68a1ac62b503dbe9",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 3rd 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"22866",title:"Dr.",name:"Chi Leung Patrick",surname:"Hui",slug:"chi-leung-patrick-hui",fullName:"Chi Leung Patrick Hui"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{id:"11447",title:"Swarm Intelligence - Recent Advances and Current Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11447.jpg",hash:"f68e3c3430a74fc7a7eb97f6ea2bb42e",secondStepPassed:!1,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:2,submissionDeadline:"June 14th 2022",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editors:[{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},onlineFirstChapters:{paginationCount:5,paginationItems:[{id:"81972",title:"The Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa; Current Understanding of the Host Immune System and New Perspectives",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105086",signatures:"Kwame Kumi Asare",slug:"the-submicroscopic-plasmodium-falciparum-malaria-in-sub-saharan-africa-current-understanding-of-the-",totalDownloads:0,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Malaria - Recent Advances, and New Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11576.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"81821",title:"Pneumococcal Carriage in Jordanian Children and the Importance of Vaccination",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104999",signatures:"Adnan Al-Lahham",slug:"pneumococcal-carriage-in-jordanian-children-and-the-importance-of-vaccination",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Streptococcal Infections",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10828.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"81813",title:"Schistosomiasis: Discovery of New Molecules for Disease Treatment and Vaccine Development",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104738",signatures:"Andressa Barban do Patrocinio",slug:"schistosomiasis-discovery-of-new-molecules-for-disease-treatment-and-vaccine-development",totalDownloads:10,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"New Horizons for Schistosomiasis Research",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10829.jpg",subseries:{id:"5",title:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"81644",title:"Perspective Chapter: Ethics of Using Placebo Controlled Trials for Covid-19 Vaccine Development in Vulnerable Populations",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104776",signatures:"Lesley Burgess, Jurie Jordaan and Matthew Wilson",slug:"perspective-chapter-ethics-of-using-placebo-controlled-trials-for-covid-19-vaccine-development-in-vu",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"SARS-CoV-2 Variants - Two Years After",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11573.jpg",subseries:{id:"6",title:"Viral Infectious Diseases"}}},{id:"80546",title:"Streptococcal Skin and Skin-Structure Infections",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.102894",signatures:"Alwyn Rapose",slug:"streptococcal-skin-and-skin-structure-infections",totalDownloads:48,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Streptococcal Infections",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10828.jpg",subseries:{id:"3",title:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases"}}}]},subseriesFiltersForOFChapters:[{caption:"Viral Infectious Diseases",value:6,count:1,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",value:3,count:2,group:"subseries"},{caption:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",value:5,count:2,group:"subseries"}],publishedBooks:{paginationCount:11,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"10795",title:"Plant Stress Physiology",subtitle:"Perspectives in Agriculture",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10795.jpg",slug:"plant-stress-physiology-perspectives-in-agriculture",publishedDate:"April 28th 2022",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mirza Hasanuzzaman and Kamran Nahar",hash:"c5a7932b74fe612b256bf95d0709756e",volumeInSeries:11,fullTitle:"Plant Stress Physiology - Perspectives in Agriculture",editors:[{id:"76477",title:"Prof.",name:"Mirza",middleName:null,surname:"Hasanuzzaman",slug:"mirza-hasanuzzaman",fullName:"Mirza Hasanuzzaman",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/76477/images/system/76477.png",institutionString:"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University",institution:{name:"Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Bangladesh"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7999",title:"Free Radical Medicine and Biology",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7999.jpg",slug:"free-radical-medicine-and-biology",publishedDate:"July 15th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Kusal Das, Swastika Das, Mallanagouda Shivanagouda Biradar, Varaprasad Bobbarala and S. Subba Tata",hash:"083e5d427097d368a3f8a02bd6c76bf8",volumeInSeries:10,fullTitle:"Free Radical Medicine and Biology",editors:[{id:"187859",title:"Prof.",name:"Kusal",middleName:"K.",surname:"Das",slug:"kusal-das",fullName:"Kusal Das",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSBDeQAO/Profile_Picture_1623411145568",institutionString:"BLDE (Deemed to be University), India",institution:null}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8762",title:"Melatonin",subtitle:"The Hormone of Darkness and its Therapeutic Potential and Perspectives",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8762.jpg",slug:"melatonin-the-hormone-of-darkness-and-its-therapeutic-potential-and-perspectives",publishedDate:"June 24th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Marilena Vlachou",hash:"bfbc5538173f11acb0f9549a85b70489",volumeInSeries:9,fullTitle:"Melatonin - The Hormone of Darkness and its Therapeutic Potential and Perspectives",editors:[{id:"246279",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Marilena",middleName:null,surname:"Vlachou",slug:"marilena-vlachou",fullName:"Marilena Vlachou",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/246279/images/system/246279.jpg",institutionString:"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens",institution:{name:"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8002",title:"Tumor Progression and Metastasis",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8002.jpg",slug:"tumor-progression-and-metastasis",publishedDate:"April 8th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Ahmed Lasfar and Karine Cohen-Solal",hash:"db17b0fe0a9b6e80ff02b81a93bafa4e",volumeInSeries:8,fullTitle:"Tumor Progression and Metastasis",editors:[{id:"32546",title:"Dr.",name:"Ahmed",middleName:null,surname:"Lasfar",slug:"ahmed-lasfar",fullName:"Ahmed Lasfar",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/32546/images/system/32546.png",institutionString:"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey",institution:{name:"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6897",title:"Biophysical Chemistry",subtitle:"Advance Applications",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6897.jpg",slug:"biophysical-chemistry-advance-applications",publishedDate:"February 19th 2020",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Mohammed A. A. Khalid",hash:"0ad18ab382e2ffb9ff202d15282297eb",volumeInSeries:7,fullTitle:"Biophysical Chemistry - Advance Applications",editors:[{id:"137240",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Khalid",slug:"mohammed-khalid",fullName:"Mohammed Khalid",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/137240/images/system/137240.png",institutionString:"Taif University",institution:{name:"Taif University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Saudi Arabia"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8430",title:"Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disorder",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8430.jpg",slug:"neurodevelopment-and-neurodevelopmental-disorder",publishedDate:"November 27th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Michael Fitzgerald",hash:"696c96d038de473216e48b199613c111",volumeInSeries:6,fullTitle:"Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disorder",editors:[{id:"205005",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Fitzgerald",slug:"michael-fitzgerald",fullName:"Michael Fitzgerald",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/205005/images/system/205005.jpg",institutionString:"Independant Researcher",institution:{name:"Trinity College Dublin",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Ireland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8008",title:"Antioxidants",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8008.jpg",slug:"antioxidants",publishedDate:"November 6th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Emad Shalaby",hash:"76361b4061e830906267933c1c670027",volumeInSeries:5,fullTitle:"Antioxidants",editors:[{id:"63600",title:"Prof.",name:"Emad",middleName:null,surname:"Shalaby",slug:"emad-shalaby",fullName:"Emad Shalaby",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/63600/images/system/63600.png",institutionString:"Cairo University",institution:{name:"Cairo University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Egypt"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8797",title:"Adipose Tissue",subtitle:"An Update",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8797.jpg",slug:"adipose-tissue-an-update",publishedDate:"November 6th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Leszek Szablewski",hash:"34880b7b450ef96fa5063c867c028b02",volumeInSeries:4,fullTitle:"Adipose Tissue - An Update",editors:[{id:"49739",title:"Dr.",name:"Leszek",middleName:null,surname:"Szablewski",slug:"leszek-szablewski",fullName:"Leszek Szablewski",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49739/images/system/49739.jpg",institutionString:"Medical University of Warsaw",institution:{name:"Medical University of Warsaw",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Poland"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6924",title:"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6924.jpg",slug:"adenosine-triphosphate-in-health-and-disease",publishedDate:"April 24th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Gyula Mozsik",hash:"04106c232a3c68fec07ba7cf00d2522d",volumeInSeries:3,fullTitle:"Adenosine Triphosphate in Health and Disease",editors:[{id:"58390",title:"Dr.",name:"Gyula",middleName:null,surname:"Mozsik",slug:"gyula-mozsik",fullName:"Gyula Mozsik",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/58390/images/system/58390.png",institutionString:"University of Pécs",institution:{name:"University of Pecs",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Hungary"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"6925",title:"Endoplasmic Reticulum",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6925.jpg",slug:"endoplasmic-reticulum",publishedDate:"April 17th 2019",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Angel Català",hash:"a9e90d2dbdbc46128dfe7dac9f87c6b4",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Endoplasmic Reticulum",editors:[{id:"196544",title:"Prof.",name:"Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Catala",slug:"angel-catala",fullName:"Angel Catala",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/196544/images/system/196544.jpg",institutionString:"Universidad Nacional de La Plata",institution:{name:"National University of La Plata",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Argentina"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"7264",title:"Calcium and Signal Transduction",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7264.jpg",slug:"calcium-and-signal-transduction",publishedDate:"October 24th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"John N. Buchholz and Erik J. Behringer",hash:"e373a3d1123dbd45fddf75d90e3e7c38",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Calcium and Signal Transduction",editors:[{id:"89438",title:"Dr.",name:"John N.",middleName:null,surname:"Buchholz",slug:"john-n.-buchholz",fullName:"John N. Buchholz",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/89438/images/6463_n.jpg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Loma Linda University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Plant Physiology",value:13,count:1},{group:"subseries",caption:"Human Physiology",value:12,count:2},{group:"subseries",caption:"Cell Physiology",value:11,count:8}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:1},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:4},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:5},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:148,paginationItems:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165328/images/system/165328.jpg",biography:"Vahid Asadpour, MS, Ph.D., is currently with the Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California. He has both an MS and Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering. He was previously a research scientist at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and visiting professor and researcher at the University of North Dakota. He is currently working in artificial intelligence and its applications in medical signal processing. In addition, he is using digital signal processing in medical imaging and speech processing. Dr. Asadpour has developed brain-computer interfacing algorithms and has published books, book chapters, and several journal and conference papers in this field and other areas of intelligent signal processing. He has also designed medical devices, including a laser Doppler monitoring system.",institutionString:"Kaiser Permanente Southern California",institution:null},{id:"169608",title:"Prof.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Găiceanu",slug:"marian-gaiceanu",fullName:"Marian Găiceanu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/169608/images/system/169608.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Marian Gaiceanu graduated from the Naval and Electrical Engineering Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania, in 1997. He received a Ph.D. (Magna Cum Laude) in Electrical Engineering in 2002. Since 2017, Dr. Gaiceanu has been a Ph.D. supervisor for students in Electrical Engineering. He has been employed at Dunarea de Jos University of Galati since 1996, where he is currently a professor. Dr. Gaiceanu is a member of the National Council for Attesting Titles, Diplomas and Certificates, an expert of the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research Funding, and a member of the Senate of the Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. He has been the head of the Integrated Energy Conversion Systems and Advanced Control of Complex Processes Research Center, Romania, since 2016. He has conducted several projects in power converter systems for electrical drives, power quality, PEM and SOFC fuel cell power converters for utilities, electric vehicles, and marine applications with the Department of Regulation and Control, SIEI S.pA. (2002–2004) and the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy (2002–2004, 2006–2007). He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and cofounder-member of the IEEE Power Electronics Romanian Chapter. He is a guest editor at Energies and an academic book editor for IntechOpen. He is also a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science and Sustainability. Dr. Gaiceanu has been General Chairman of the IEEE International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the last six editions.",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",biography:"Jaydip Sen is associated with Praxis Business School, Kolkata, India, as a professor in the Department of Data Science. His research areas include security and privacy issues in computing and communication, intrusion detection systems, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence in the financial domain. He has more than 200 publications in reputed international journals, refereed conference proceedings, and 20 book chapters in books published by internationally renowned publishing houses, such as Springer, CRC press, IGI Global, etc. Currently, he is serving on the editorial board of the prestigious journal Frontiers in Communications and Networks and in the technical program committees of a number of high-ranked international conferences organized by the IEEE, USA, and the ACM, USA. He has been listed among the top 2% of scientists in the world for the last three consecutive years, 2019 to 2021 as per studies conducted by the Stanford University, USA.",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null},{id:"320071",title:"Dr.",name:"Sidra",middleName:null,surname:"Mehtab",slug:"sidra-mehtab",fullName:"Sidra Mehtab",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002v6KHoQAM/Profile_Picture_1584512086360",biography:"Sidra Mehtab has completed her BS with honors in Physics from Calcutta University, India in 2018. She has done MS in Data Science and Analytics from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), Kolkata, India in 2020. Her research areas include Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer and Network Security with a particular focus on Cyber Security Analytics. Ms. Mehtab has published seven papers in international conferences and one of her papers has been accepted for publication in a reputable international journal. She has won the best paper awards in two prestigious international conferences – BAICONF 2019, and ICADCML 2021, organized in the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India in December 2019, and SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India in January 2021. Besides, Ms. Mehtab has also published two book chapters in two books. Seven of her book chapters will be published in a volume shortly in 2021 by Cambridge Scholars’ Press, UK. Currently, she is working as the joint editor of two edited volumes on Time Series Analysis and Forecasting to be published in the first half of 2021 by an international house. Currently, she is working as a Data Scientist with an MNC in Delhi, India.",institutionString:"NSHM College of Management and Technology",institution:null},{id:"226240",title:"Dr.",name:"Andri Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Rifai",slug:"andri-irfan-rifai",fullName:"Andri Irfan Rifai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/226240/images/7412_n.jpg",biography:"Andri IRFAN is a Senior Lecturer of Civil Engineering and Planning. He completed the PhD at the Universitas Indonesia & Universidade do Minho with Sandwich Program Scholarship from the Directorate General of Higher Education and LPDP scholarship. He has been teaching for more than 19 years and much active to applied his knowledge in the project construction in Indonesia. His research interest ranges from pavement management system to advanced data mining techniques for transportation engineering. He has published more than 50 papers in journals and 2 books.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universitas Internasional Batam",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"314576",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibai",middleName:null,surname:"Laña",slug:"ibai-lana",fullName:"Ibai Laña",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314576/images/system/314576.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ibai Laña works at TECNALIA as a data analyst. He received his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain, in 2018. He is currently a senior researcher at TECNALIA. His research interests fall within the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, machine learning, traffic data analysis, and data science. He has dealt with urban traffic forecasting problems, applying machine learning models and evolutionary algorithms. He has experience in origin-destination matrix estimation or point of interest and trajectory detection. Working with large volumes of data has given him a good command of big data processing tools and NoSQL databases. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"314575",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus",middleName:null,surname:"L. Lobo",slug:"jesus-l.-lobo",fullName:"Jesus L. Lobo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314575/images/system/314575.png",biography:"Dr. Jesús López is currently based in Bilbao (Spain) working at TECNALIA as Artificial Intelligence Research Scientist. In most cases, a project idea or a new research line needs to be investigated to see if it is good enough to take into production or to focus on it. That is exactly what he does, diving into Machine Learning algorithms and technologies to help TECNALIA to decide whether something is great in theory or will actually impact on the product or processes of its projects. So, he is expert at framing experiments, developing hypotheses, and proving whether they’re true or not, in order to investigate fundamental problems with a longer time horizon. He is also able to design and develop PoCs and system prototypes in simulation. He has participated in several national and internacional R&D projects.\n\nAs another relevant part of his everyday research work, he usually publishes his findings in reputed scientific refereed journals and international conferences, occasionally acting as reviewer and Programme Commitee member. Concretely, since 2018 he has published 9 JCR (8 Q1) journal papers, 9 conference papers (e.g. ECML PKDD 2021), and he has co-edited a book. He is also active in popular science writing data science stories for reputed blogs (KDNuggets, TowardsDataScience, Naukas). Besides, he has recently embarked on mentoring programmes as mentor, and has also worked as data science trainer.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"103779",title:"Prof.",name:"Yalcin",middleName:null,surname:"Isler",slug:"yalcin-isler",fullName:"Yalcin Isler",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRyQ8QAK/Profile_Picture_1628834958734",biography:"Yalcin Isler (1971 - Burdur / Turkey) received the B.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, in 1993, the M.Sc. degree from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, in 1996, the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey, in 2009, and the Competence of Associate Professorship from the Turkish Interuniversity Council in 2019.\n\nHe was Lecturer at Burdur Vocational School in Suleyman Demirel University (1993-2000, Burdur / Turkey), Software Engineer (2000-2002, Izmir / Turkey), Research Assistant in Bulent Ecevit University (2002-2003, Zonguldak / Turkey), Research Assistant in Dokuz Eylul University (2003-2010, Izmir / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Bulent Ecevit University (2010-2012, Zonguldak / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Izmir Katip Celebi University (2012-2019, Izmir / Turkey). He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir / Turkey, since 2019. In addition to academics, he has also founded Islerya Medical and Information Technologies Company, Izmir / Turkey, since 2017.\n\nHis main research interests cover biomedical signal processing, pattern recognition, medical device design, programming, and embedded systems. He has many scientific papers and participated in several projects in these study fields. He was an IEEE Student Member (2009-2011) and IEEE Member (2011-2014) and has been IEEE Senior Member since 2014.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"339677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mrinmoy",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",slug:"mrinmoy-roy",fullName:"Mrinmoy Roy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/339677/images/16768_n.jpg",biography:"An accomplished Sales & Marketing professional with 12 years of cross-functional experience in well-known organisations such as CIPLA, LUPIN, GLENMARK, ASTRAZENECA across different segment of Sales & Marketing, International Business, Institutional Business, Product Management, Strategic Marketing of HIV, Oncology, Derma, Respiratory, Anti-Diabetic, Nutraceutical & Stomatological Product Portfolio and Generic as well as Chronic Critical Care Portfolio. A First Class MBA in International Business & Strategic Marketing, B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Google Certified Digital Marketing Professional. Qualified PhD Candidate in Operations and Management with special focus on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning adoption, analysis and use in Healthcare, Hospital & Pharma Domain. Seasoned with diverse therapy area of Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing ranging from generating revenue through generating prescriptions, launching new products, and making them big brands with continuous strategy execution at the Physician and Patients level. Moved from Sales to Marketing and Business Development for 3.5 years in South East Asian Market operating from Manila, Philippines. Came back to India and handled and developed Brands such as Gluconorm, Lupisulin, Supracal, Absolut Woman, Hemozink, Fabiflu (For COVID 19), and many more. In my previous assignment I used to develop and execute strategies on Sales & Marketing, Commercialization & Business Development for Institution and Corporate Hospital Business portfolio of Oncology Therapy Area for AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd. Being a Research Scholar and Student of ‘Operations Research & Management: Artificial Intelligence’ I published several pioneer research papers and book chapters on the same in Internationally reputed journals and Books indexed in Scopus, Springer and Ei Compendex, Google Scholar etc. Currently, I am launching PGDM Pharmaceutical Management Program in IIHMR Bangalore and spearheading the course curriculum and structure of the same. I am interested in Collaboration for Healthcare Innovation, Pharma AI Innovation, Future trend in Marketing and Management with incubation on Healthcare, Healthcare IT startups, AI-ML Modelling and Healthcare Algorithm based training module development. I am also an affiliated member of the Institute of Management Consultant of India, looking forward to Healthcare, Healthcare IT and Innovation, Pharma and Hospital Management Consulting works.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lovely Professional University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",biography:"Dr. Eneko Osaba works at TECNALIA as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence in 2015. He has participated in more than twenty-five local and European research projects, and in the publication of more than 130 papers. He has performed several stays at universities in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Malta. Dr. Osaba has served as a program committee member in more than forty international conferences and participated in organizing activities in more than ten international conferences. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data in Brief, and Journal of Advanced Transportation. He is also a guest editor for the Journal of Computational Science, Neurocomputing, Swarm, and Evolutionary Computation and IEEE ITS Magazine.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"275829",title:"Dr.",name:"Esther",middleName:null,surname:"Villar-Rodriguez",slug:"esther-villar-rodriguez",fullName:"Esther Villar-Rodriguez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275829/images/system/275829.jpg",biography:"Dr. Esther Villar obtained a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Alcalá, Spain, in 2015. She obtained a degree in Computer Science from the University of Deusto, Spain, in 2010, and an MSc in Computer Languages and Systems from the National University of Distance Education, Spain, in 2012. Her areas of interest and knowledge include natural language processing (NLP), detection of impersonation in social networks, semantic web, and machine learning. Dr. Esther Villar made several contributions at conferences and publishing in various journals in those fields. Currently, she is working within the OPTIMA (Optimization Modeling & Analytics) business of TECNALIA’s ICT Division as a data scientist in projects related to the prediction and optimization of management and industrial processes (resource planning, energy efficiency, etc).",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null},{id:"278948",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"carlos-pedro-goncalves",fullName:"Carlos Pedro Gonçalves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRcmyQAC/Profile_Picture_1564224512145",biography:'Carlos Pedro Gonçalves (PhD) is an Associate Professor at Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies and a researcher on Complexity Sciences, Quantum Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Studies, Studies in Intelligence and Security, FinTech and Financial Risk Modeling. He is also a progammer with programming experience in:\n\nA) Quantum Computing using Qiskit Python module and IBM Quantum Experience Platform, with software developed on the simulation of Quantum Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Cybersecurity;\n\nB) Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning programming in Python;\n\nC) Artificial Intelligence, Multiagent Systems Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling in Netlogo, with models developed in the areas of Chaos Theory, Econophysics, Artificial Intelligence, Classical and Quantum Complex Systems Science, with the Econophysics models having been cited worldwide and incorporated in PhD programs by different Universities.\n\nReceived an Arctic Code Vault Contributor status by GitHub, due to having developed open source software preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\" for future generations (https://archiveprogram.github.com/arctic-vault/), with the Strategy Analyzer A.I. module for decision making support (based on his PhD thesis, used in his Classes on Decision Making and in Strategic Intelligence Consulting Activities) and QNeural Python Quantum Neural Network simulator also preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\", for access to these software modules see: https://github.com/cpgoncalves. He is also a peer reviewer with outsanding review status from Elsevier journals, including Physica A, Neurocomputing and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Science CV available at: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//pt/8E1C-A8B3-78C5 and ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3974',institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"Universidade Lusófona",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"241400",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Bsiss",slug:"mohammed-bsiss",fullName:"Mohammed Bsiss",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241400/images/8062_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"276128",title:"Dr.",name:"Hira",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"hira-fatima",fullName:"Hira Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/276128/images/14420_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hira Fatima\nAssistant Professor\nDepartment of Mathematics\nInstitute of Applied Science\nMangalayatan University, Aligarh\nMobile: no : 8532041179\nhirafatima2014@gmal.com\n\nDr. Hira Fatima has received his Ph.D. degree in pure Mathematics from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India. Currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied Science, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh. She taught so many courses of Mathematics of UG and PG level. Her research Area of Expertise is Functional Analysis & Sequence Spaces. She has been working on Ideal Convergence of double sequence. She has published 17 research papers in National and International Journals including Cogent Mathematics, Filomat, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Advances in Difference Equations, Journal of Mathematical Analysis, Journal of Mathematical & Computer Science etc. She has also reviewed few research papers for the and international journals. She is a member of Indian Mathematical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"414880",title:"Dr.",name:"Maryam",middleName:null,surname:"Vatankhah",slug:"maryam-vatankhah",fullName:"Maryam Vatankhah",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Borough of Manhattan Community College",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"414879",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammad-Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",slug:"mohammad-reza-akbarzadeh-totonchi",fullName:"Mohammad-Reza Akbarzadeh-Totonchi",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"414878",title:"Prof.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Fazel-Rezai",slug:"reza-fazel-rezai",fullName:"Reza Fazel-Rezai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"American Public University System",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"302698",title:"Dr.",name:"Yao",middleName:null,surname:"Shan",slug:"yao-shan",fullName:"Yao Shan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Dalian University of Technology",country:{name:"China"}}},{id:"125911",title:"Prof.",name:"Jia-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"jia-ching-wang",fullName:"Jia-Ching Wang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"National Central University",country:{name:"Taiwan"}}},{id:"357085",title:"Mr.",name:"P. Mohan",middleName:null,surname:"Anand",slug:"p.-mohan-anand",fullName:"P. Mohan Anand",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356696",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"P.V.",middleName:null,surname:"Sai Charan",slug:"p.v.-sai-charan",fullName:"P.V. Sai Charan",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"357086",title:"Prof.",name:"Sandeep K.",middleName:null,surname:"Shukla",slug:"sandeep-k.-shukla",fullName:"Sandeep K. Shukla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"356823",title:"MSc.",name:"Seonghee",middleName:null,surname:"Min",slug:"seonghee-min",fullName:"Seonghee Min",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Daegu University",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"353307",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoosoo",middleName:null,surname:"Oh",slug:"yoosoo-oh",fullName:"Yoosoo Oh",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:"Yoosoo Oh received his Bachelor's degree in the Department of Electronics and Engineering from Kyungpook National University in 2002. He obtained his Master’s degree in the Department of Information and Communications from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) in 2003. In 2010, he received his Ph.D. degree in the School of Information and Mechatronics from GIST. In the meantime, he was an executed team leader at Culture Technology Institute, GIST, 2010-2012. In 2011, he worked at Lancaster University, the UK as a visiting scholar. In September 2012, he joined Daegu University, where he is currently an associate professor in the School of ICT Conver, Daegu University. Also, he served as the Board of Directors of KSIIS since 2019, and HCI Korea since 2016. From 2017~2019, he worked as a center director of the Mixed Reality Convergence Research Center at Daegu University. From 2015-2017, He worked as a director in the Enterprise Supporting Office of LINC Project Group, Daegu University. His research interests include Activity Fusion & Reasoning, Machine Learning, Context-aware Middleware, Human-Computer Interaction, etc.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"262719",title:"Dr.",name:"Esma",middleName:null,surname:"Ergüner Özkoç",slug:"esma-erguner-ozkoc",fullName:"Esma Ergüner Özkoç",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Başkent University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"346530",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibrahim",middleName:null,surname:"Kaya",slug:"ibrahim-kaya",fullName:"Ibrahim Kaya",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"419199",title:"Dr.",name:"Qun",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"qun-yang",fullName:"Qun Yang",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Auckland",country:{name:"New Zealand"}}},{id:"351158",title:"Prof.",name:"David W.",middleName:null,surname:"Anderson",slug:"david-w.-anderson",fullName:"David W. Anderson",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Calgary",country:{name:"Canada"}}}]}},subseries:{item:{id:"86",type:"subseries",title:"Business and Management",keywords:"Demographic shifts, Innovation, Technology, Next-gen leaders, Worldwide environmental issues and clean technology, Uncertainty and political risks, Radical adjacency, Emergence of new business ecosystem type, Emergence of different leader and leader values types, Universal connector, Elastic enterprise, Business platform, Supply chain complexity",scope:"\r\n\tSustainable approaches to health and wellbeing in our COVID 19 recovery needs to focus on ecological approaches that prioritize our relationships with each other, and include engagement with nature, the arts and our heritage. This will ensure that we discover ways to live in our world that allows us and other beings to flourish. We can no longer rely on medicalized approaches to health that wait for people to become ill before attempting to treat them. We need to live in harmony with nature and rediscover the beauty and balance in our everyday lives and surroundings, which contribute to our well-being and that of all other creatures on the planet. This topic will provide insights and knowledge into how to achieve this change in health care that is based on ecologically sustainable practices.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/92.jpg",keywords:"Ecology, Ecological, Nature, Health, Wellbeing, Health production"},{id:"93",title:"Inclusivity and Social Equity",scope:"\r\n\tGlobally, the ecological footprint is growing at a faster rate than GDP. This phenomenon has been studied by scientists for many years. However, clear strategies and actions are needed now more than ever. Every day, humanity, from individuals to businesses (public and private) and governments, are called to change their mindset in order to pursue a virtuous combination for sustainable development. Reasoning in a sustainable way entails, first and foremost, managing the available resources efficiently and strategically, whether they are natural, financial, human or relational. In this way, value is generated by contributing to the growth, improvement and socio-economic development of the communities and of all the players that make up its value chain. In the coming decades, we will need to be able to transition from a society in which economic well-being and health are measured by the growth of production and material consumption, to a society in which we live better while consuming less. In this context, digitization has the potential to disrupt processes, with significant implications for the environment and sustainable development. There are numerous challenges associated with sustainability and digitization, the need to consider new business models capable of extracting value, data ownership and sharing and integration, as well as collaboration across the entire supply chain of a product. In order to generate value, effectively developing a complex system based on sustainability principles is a challenge that requires a deep commitment to both technological factors, such as data and platforms, and human dimensions, such as trust and collaboration. Regular study, research and implementation must be part of the road to sustainable solutions. Consequently, this topic will analyze growth models and techniques aimed at achieving intergenerational equity in terms of economic, social and environmental well-being. It will also cover various subjects, including risk assessment in the context of sustainable economy and a just society.
",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/91.jpg",keywords:"Sustainable, Society, Economy, Digitalization, KPIs, Decision Making, Business, Digital Footprint"},{id:"95",title:"Urban Planning and Environmental Management",scope:"