Crystallite size, lattice constant, strain, X-ray density, magnetic hoping length data of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"589",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Advances in Chemical Sensors",title:"Advances in Chemical Sensors",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"The chemical sensor plays an essential role in the fields of environmental conservation and monitoring, disaster and disease prevention, and industrial analysis. 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Insights and Applications",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"\r\n\tColour, which contributes so much to the beauty of nature, is vital to the attraction and acceptability of most products used by modern society; as long ago as the 25th century BC, man colored his surroundings and clothes using a limited range of natural colorants of both animal (Cochineal) and vegetable (Indigo, Alizarin, Tyrian purple) origin. Dyes and pigments are substances that, once applied to a substrate, lead to cause selective reflection or the transmission of incident daylight. Most natural dyes are found in the roots, barks, leaves, bracts, flowers, skins, and shells of plants. They are categorized as organometallic and organic compounds and exhibit low solubility in organic solvents. As a result, they are essentially found in the solid-state during processing and when applied to the substrate.
\r\n\tThus, we call for research and review papers on the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments, and their intermediates, including chemical constituents, spectroscopic aspects, surface, solution, crystal formation, photochemical, and ecological or biological properties. The book will be of interest to a wide variety of researchers worldwide whose work involves various fields of activity such as dyes and pigment synthesis, imaging, sensor, energy, medicine, polymers, food product, toxicological properties, etc.
Nowadays, manganese (Mn) ferrite nanoparticles have been used for great potential applications such as absorbing electromagnetic waves, storage media, and water treatment catalysts [1, 2, 3, 4]. Many researchers focused on the fabrication of spinel ferrite nanoparticles due to their exceptional electrical and magnetic properties [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. To a progressively essential degree, the expanded scaling down and data storage devices of new devices require the utilization of nanosized magnetic attractive particles [10, 11]. Manganese spinel ferrite nanoparticles have gotten expanding consideration for their surprising magnetic properties, such as moderate saturation magnetization (Ms) and low coercivity with a mechanical hardness, high permeability, and good chemical stability [12, 13]. The significance of thick manganese (Mn) spinel ferrites additionally lies in their potential application, for example, transformers, core materials for coils, information and communication devices, and so forth. The MnFe2O4 nanoparticles have a spinel cubic structure having the general formula AB2O4, where the A sites are occupied by the Mn2+ ions and B sites by the Fe3+ ions. In a unit cell of manganese ferrites, there are 8 divalent Mn2+ ions, 16 trivalent Fe3+ ions, and 32 oxygen ions [14].
The spinel MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by synthesis methods such as sonochemical technique, co-precipitation, sol-gel method, and solution combustion method [15, 16, 17]. In the current work, the solution combustion method is often chosen because it is safe, cheap, and easy and it requires less time and energy for the preparation of nanoparticles. It also produces a high-purity product. In this method, the crystallite size, particle size, purity, surface area, degree of nature, and porosity can be influenced by the fuel (F) type [18]. However, for the preparation of nanoparticles, there is no requirement for complex tools, high-temperature furnaces, and reaction chambers in the synthesis process.
In the present work, the Bi3+-substituted MnFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles were prepared by a solution combustion method using a mixture of fuels such as glucose and urea. The structural, microstructural, dielectrical, and magnetic properties of Bi-doped manganese spinel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized and investigated through XRD, SEM, EDS, and dielectric and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) for photonic applications.
For the preparation of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles, Mn(NO3)2.4H2O (manganese nitrate) (Sigma-Aldrich; molecular weight 251.01 g/mol, purity 99.0%), Bi(NO3)3·5H2O (bismuth nitrate) (Leica, Sigma-Aldrich; purity 98 + %, molecular weight 485.07 g/mol), and Fe(NO3)2.9H2O (ferric nitrate) (Merck; purity 99.0%, molecular weight 404 g/mol) are used as oxidizers (O) and NH2CONH2 (carbamide) (Fisher Scientific; purity 99.0%, molecular weight 60.06 g/mol) and C6H12O6 (glucose) (Glucomin-D; purity 99.4%, molecular weight 180.156 g/mol) as fuels. Further based on the oxidizer’s and fuel’s valences of the compounds, the oxidizer-and-fuel ratio is maintained to unity.
The Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) spinel nanoparticles were prepared by the solution combustion method using a stoichiometric amount of O and a mixture of F proportions taken as one. Stoichiometric amounts of manganese nitrate (Mn(NO3)2·4H2O), bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O), ferric nitrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O), carbamide (NH2CONH2), and glucose (C6H12O6) are carried and put in a 500-ml Borosil glass beaker, which is then diluted with a double distilled water. The mixture solution was kept on magnetic stirrer about 60 min to get a homogeneous solution. This homogeneous solution was kept in a pre-warmed suppress heater at 450°C. Within 20 min, the burning process was finished. Then, the obtained powder was grained about 30 min using agate mortar and pestle. The flow chart of the Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) solution combustion is shown in Figure 1.
The flow chart of the solution combustion method for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
The XRD patterns were gotten by using CuKα radiation having a wavelength (λ) = 1.5406 Å, and the 2θ values run from 10° to 80° under the step size of 0.02°. The crystalline nature and phase structure can be understood from the XRD patterns. The SEM and EDS micrographs were collected by using JEOL (model JSM-840) to obtain the surface morphology and elemental composition of the samples. To study the electrical properties, the samples are made into pellets using a hydraulic press under the 5-ton pressure using an 11-mm die set. The prepared pellets are sintered at 650°C for 3 h. The sintered pellets are silver coated for a good electrical contact. The electrical properties of all samples are tested at room temperature in the frequency up to 20 MHz using the Wayne Kerr 6500B Series Impedance Analyzer. The magnetic properties were measured at room temperature using a physical properties measurement system (PPMS; Quantum Design, Inc.) up to a field of 20 kOe.
Figure 2 depicts the refined XRD patterns of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) as synthesized ferrite samples were plotted using a WinPLOTR program. The Bragg diffraction peaks corresponding to angular positions were indexed as (220) (311) (222) (400) (331) (422) (511) (440). Rietveld refinement was employed using a FullProf program for structural refinements. The parameters obtained from refinement, such as weighted (Rp) and unweighted (Rwp) profile factor ratio (Rwp/Rp), which is less than one, and goodness-of-fit factor (χ2), which is low, are given in Table 1. The refined XRD patterns confirm the single phase with a spinel cubic structure having a space further without any additional impurity peaks. The indexed (hkl) values are well matched with the Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card number 74-2400. Figure 3 clearly shows that the lattice parameters increase with the increase of Bi3+ concentration due to the difference in ionic radius of Mn2+ and Bi3+ ions. The ionic radius of Mn2+ (0.83 Å) is less than the ionic radius of Bi3+ (1.03 Å). The average crystallite size was calculated by using the equation below [19]:
Rietveld-refined XRD patterns of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
Bi3+ content | Lattice parameters (Å) | Crystallite size D in (nm) | Volume (Å3) | Internal strain Є 10−2 (%) | X-ray density (Δ) g/cm3 | Hoping length (Å) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LA | LB | |||||||
0.0 | 8.3612 | 13.7 | 584.52 | 88 | 5.2406 | 3.6025 | 2.9561 | |
0.05 | 8.3658 | 11.9 | 585.49 | 95 | 5.4068 | 3.6225 | 2.9577 | |
0.10 | 8.3845 | 10.8 | 589.42 | 96 | 5.5443 | 3.6306 | 2.9643 | |
0.15 | 8.3874 | 10.6 | 590.04 | 105 | 5.7117 | 3.6319 | 2.9654 | |
0.20 | 8.3932 | 9.2 | 591.26 | 131 | 5.8731 | 3.6343 | 2.9674 |
Crystallite size, lattice constant, strain, X-ray density, magnetic hoping length data of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
Variation of crystallite size (nm) and lattice parameter (a°) with Bi3+ doping concentration of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
where k is the Scherrer constant (k = 0.9), λ is the wavelength of Cu-kα radiation, β is the full width half maximum, and θ is the angle of diffraction. The estimated crystallite size decreases with the increase of Bi3+ concentration (Figure 3). Further internal strain, X-ray density, and hopping length were increased with Bi3+ concentration increasing (Figure 4). The lattice parameters, average crystallite size, internal strain, X-ray density, and hopping lengths were tabulated in Table 1.
Variation of internal strain (%) and density (gm/cm3) of (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles with Bi3+ doping concentration.
Figures 5 and 6 show the SEM and EDS of Bi3+-doped MnFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) ferrite samples synthesized, respectively. All SEM micrographs reveal the highly porous nature of the samples [20]. All the samples show the dry foamy powder due to the combustion. The average grain size cannot be observed due to the high porous nature of the sample. The density of samples increases with Bi3+ concentration. The EDS images clearly reveal that Mn, Fe, and O peaks are clearly visible in all samples. The Bi3+ peak is visible in all samples except at 0 mol % Bi3+ sample. The stoichiometry of constituent elements present in the Mn1-xBixFe2O4 with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 ferrite nanoparticles estimated from EDS spectrum is shown in Table 2. The estimated stoichiometry as listed in Table 3 is very near to the composition of theoretical values.
SEM micrograph images of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles with x = 0.0 (MnFe2O4), x = 0.05 (Mn0.95Bi0.05Fe2O4), x = 0.1 (Mn0.9Bi0.1Fe2O4), x = 0.15 (Mn0.85Bi0.15Fe2O4), and x = 0.2 (Mn0.8Bi0.2Fe2O4).
EDS patterns of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles with x = 0.0 (MnFe2O4), x = 0.05 (Mn0.95Bi0.05Fe2O4), x = 0.1 (Mn0.9Bi0.1Fe2O4), 0.15 (Mn0.85Bi0.15Fe2O4), and x = 0.2 (Mn0.8Bi0.2Fe2O4).
x | Atomic abundance of elements (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mn | Bi | Fe | O | Total | |
0.0 | 17.92 | 0.0 | 32.13 | 49.96 | 100 |
0.05 | 20.45 | 0.96 | 29.07 | 49.52 | 100 |
0.1 | 18.59 | 1.75 | 30.53 | 49.12 | 100 |
0.15 | 19.37 | 3.11 | 29.08 | 48.44 | 100 |
0.2 | 20.02 | 4.30 | 27.83 | 47.85 | 100 |
The stoichiometry of constituent elements present in the Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles estimated from EDS spectrum.
Bi3+ concentration (x) | Element | Composition of theoretical values | Composition from EDX analysis |
---|---|---|---|
Mn | 1 | 0.99 | |
0 | Bi | 0 | 0 |
Fe | 1 | 1 | |
Mn | 0.95 | 0.955 | |
0.05 | Bi | 0.05 | 0.045 |
Fe | 1 | 1 | |
Mn | 0.9 | 0.914 | |
0.1 | Bi | 0.1 | 0.086 |
Fe | 1 | 1 | |
Mn | 0.85 | 0.862 | |
0.15 | Bi | 0.15 | 0.138 |
Fe | 1 | 1 | |
Mn | 0.8 | 0.823 | |
0.2 | Bi | 0.2 | 0.177 |
Fe | 1 | 1 |
Summary of EDS analysis of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
The real (ε′) and imaginary (ε′′) parts of the dielectric constant as a function of frequency at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles are depicted in Figure 7(a) and Figure 7(b), respectively. At low frequency, the real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants show the dispersion for all samples. The dielectric constant values sharply decrease with increasing in frequency, and it is due to Maxwell-Wagner interfacial-type polarization according to Koop’s phenomenological theory [21]. At the lower-frequency region, the interfacial polarization contributes to the dispersion. A systematic variation is observed due to the dispersion of dielectric constant with substitution. At the higher-frequency region, it cannot follow the alternating electric field, so real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants are independent of frequency at that region. In ferrites, the maximum dielectric constant is observed in samples having higher Fe2+ content. At the lower-frequency region, the hopping (exchange of electron) between Fe2+ and Fe3+ at octahedral sites follows the alternating electric field. Many literatures on AB2O4 ferrites indicate that high-temperature sintering leads to the exchange of the Fe3+ ions to Fe2+ ions at octahedral sites to some degree [22]. However, the hopping process, involving between the Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions, is attributed to the dielectric properties of the samples. Thus, the increase of Bi3+ concentration results in the increase of dielectric constant. The grain size also influences the dielectric properties, since, in ferrite samples, the dielectric constant of the poorly conducting grain boundary is less than the dielectric constant of highly conducting grains. Thus, size reduction introduces more grain boundaries and hence increases changes in electron polarization at the grain boundaries. Since the size decreases with bismuth substitution increasing, it also increases the dielectric constant.
(a) The real (ε′) and (b) imaginary (ε′′) parts of the dielectric constant as a function of frequency at room temperature, respectively, for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
The dielectric loss tangent as a function of frequency at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles is shown in Figure 8. The figure shows the dielectric loss tangent decreases with the increase of the frequency. The dielectric loss tangent is a result of the string in polarization in accordance with the applied external electric field. The materials with high dielectric loss tangent are engaged for manufacturing high-frequency heating devices. The tan δ was calculated using the relation tan δ = ε′/ε″, where ε′ and ε″ are the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant, respectively [23].
The dielectric loss tangent as a function of frequency at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
The tan δ decreases with the increase of the frequency, and then it becomes constant at higher frequencies for all samples. The dielectric loss tangent depends on a number of factors, such as homogeneity, stoichiometry, synthesis method, ferric content, and composition. The frequency increases with the decrease of the dielectric loss tangent; it may be characterized by the Maxwell-Wagner polarization and conduction mechanism in ferrites.
The variation of σac as a function of frequency at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles is shown in Figure 9. From the figure, it may well be seen that at first the conductivity stays steady in the low frequencies, bit by bit increments in the middle of the road frequencies, and afterward shows scattering for high frequencies in consistence with the Jonscher power law. The AC conductivity was calculated by using the equation
The AC conductivity as a function of frequency at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
Figure 10(a) and (b) shows the real and imaginary parts of complex impedance as a function of frequency at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles, respectively. These types of frequency dependence complex impedance have been used for the study of the contribution of grains and grain boundaries on the electrical properties of nanoferrites. The obtained results showed the complex impedance versus frequency for the cobalt ferrites. Figure 10(a) indicates that the magnitude of the real part of dielectric constant Z′ decreased with the increase of frequency. The real part of dielectric constant curves tended to merge in the high-frequency region. Such behavior is related to the effect of space charge polarization in the material [25]. Figure 10(b) indicates that the imaginary part of dielectric constant Z′′ reached a maximum value at the low-frequency region and then decreased with further increasing of the frequency, approaching a small value at high-frequency region. Further, it was observed that the height of the peak curve decreased with the concentration increasing, indicating a decrease in the relaxation time. The observed relaxation peak in the magnitude of Z′′ demonstrated the existence of space charge relaxation.
(a) and (b) The real and imaginary parts of complex impedance as a function of frequency at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
Figure 11 shows the Cole-Cole plots of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles at room temperature. Cole-Cole plot shows the real part complex impedance (Z′) and the imaginary part of complex impedance (Z′′) along x-axis and y-axis, respectively. Figure 11 clearly shows one semicircle was obtained for each of the samples, due to the grain boundary effect. The effects of grain boundary of the material are contributed by the parallel combination of grain boundary resistance and capacitance. However, the radius of curvature of each semicircular arc is reasonably shifted from the magnitude of Z′ when the concentration increased, which is attributed to the presence of a non-Debye type of relaxation phenomenon [26]. Further, the radius of curvature of each semicircular arc is indirectly proportional to the electrical conductance of the material and directly proportional to the electrical resistance. The position of the semicircular arc depends on its relaxation times.
The Cole-Cole plots of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles at room temperature.
Figure 12(a) and (b) shows the real (M′) and imaginary (M′′) parts of electric modulus as a function of frequency at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles, respectively. M′ approaches zero in lower-frequency district and shows constant scattering moving in midfrequency area, while it displays a level sort conduct in higher frequency. This sort of conduct is emerged from the unimportant electrode polarization in lower frequencies and short-range and long-range versatility of charge transporters contributing for the conduction wonders in midfrequencies and recurrence-free electrical conduction in higher frequencies, individually [27]. Also, the focus increment M′′ shows the unwinding tops from lower-frequency area to higher-frequency area. The relaxation tops moving plainly demonstrate the spread of relaxation time of the material. The presence of relaxation tops at lower-, center-, and higher-frequency areas is ascribed to the commitment of capacitance to the grain limit, structural, and grain stage attributes, separately, which is very much concurred with the revealed writing.
(a) and (b) The real (M′) and imaginary (M′′) parts of electric modulus as a function of frequency at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles.
Figure 13 gives out the variation of complex electric modulus spectrum (Nyquist plot) (M′ vs. M′′) at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles, and it shows the single semicircular segment for all samples, which is beginning from the grain limit commitments of the material. The Nyquist plot reveals the presence of a non-Debye type of relaxation phenomenon, which is further validated from the electrical modulus analysis [28]. Also, each crescent bend is almost overlapped with each other and no variety is observed, which calls attention to the nearness of electrical unwinding process in the material.
Nyquist plot of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles at room temperature.
At room temperature, magnetic hysteresis (M-H) curves of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles show very narrow hysteresis loops, which confirms the soft magnetic material nature as depicted in Figure 14. The magnetization measurement was done by using VSM mounted with maximum applied field of 2 T at room temperature.
M-H loops measured at room temperature for Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (MBF) ferrite nanoparticles with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 nanoparticles.
The remanent magnetization (Mr) and Ms was estimated by the M-H loop of the y-axis (magnetization axis). The coercivity field (Hc) was estimated by the M-H loop of the x-axis (field axis). The remanence ratio (S) was calculated by using equation S =
Variation of MS and Mr of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 ferrite nanoparticles with Bi3+ doping concentration.
Variation of HC and ηB of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 ferrite nanoparticles with Bi3+ doping concentration.
Variation of KC and Ku of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 ferrite nanoparticles with Bi3+ doping concentration.
Bi3+ concentration (x) | MS (emu/g) | Mr (emu/g) | Hc (Oe) | S = Mr/MS | Ku (erg/cm3) | Kc (erg/cm3) | ηB (μB) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.00 | 33.42 | 2.994 | 14.14 | 0.0896 | 472.55 | 738.37 | 1.4259 |
0.05 | 24.11 | 1.705 | 12.15 | 0.0707 | 297.93 | 457.71 | 1.0123 |
0.10 | 22.98 | 0.947 | 7.52 | 0.0412 | 172.80 | 270.02 | 0.9959 |
0.15 | 21.38 | 0.548 | 7.18 | 0.0256 | 155.84 | 239.86 | 0.9713 |
0.20 | 17.89 | 0.337 | 6.10 | 0.0189 | 110.79 | 170.49 | 0.8373 |
Room temperature magnetic parameters of Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2), i.e., MS, Mr, reduced S, (Hc), Ku, cubic anisotropy constant (Kc), and ηB.
The Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles are synthesized by the solution combustion method using a mixture of fuels as carbamide and glucose. The crystallite sizes were found in nanometer, and the crystallite size decreases with the increase of Bi3+ concentration. The lattice parameter increases with the increase of Bi3+ concentration due to the difference in ionic radius of Mn2+ and Bi3+ ions. The porous nature of the samples was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The elemental composition was analyzed by EDS composition. The dielectric parameters such as real part and imaginary parts of dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent decrease with the increase of frequency, and this behavior could be explained by a Maxwell-Wagner interfacial-type polarization. All dielectric parameters increase with the increase of Bi3+ concentration. The AC conductivity increases with the increase of frequency according to the hopping model. The real part of complex impedance decreases with the increase of frequency. The observed relaxation peak in the magnitude of imaginary part of complex impedance Z′′ demonstrated the existence of space charge relaxation. The Cole-Cole plot reveals one semicircle was obtained for each of the samples, due to the grain boundary effect. It is attributed to the presence of a non-Debye type of relaxation phenomenon. The real and imaginary parts of electric modulus vary with frequency. The Nyquist plot reveals the presence of a non-Debye type of relaxation phenomenon, which is further validated from the electrical modulus analysis. The magnetic hysteresis curves of all samples reveal the soft magnetic material nature. The magnetic parameters such as remanent magnetization, saturation magnetization, and coercivity field were decreased with the increase of Bi3+ concentration. Mn1-xBixFe2O4 (where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) nanoparticles have great potential for photonic applications.
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His studies in robotics lead him not only to a PhD degree but also inspired him to co-found and build the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems - world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"441",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jaekyu",middleName:null,surname:"Park",slug:"jaekyu-park",fullName:"Jaekyu Park",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/441/images/1881_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"LG Corporation (South Korea)",country:{name:"Korea, South"}}},{id:"465",title:"Dr.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Martens",slug:"christian-martens",fullName:"Christian Martens",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Rheinmetall (Germany)",country:{name:"Germany"}}},{id:"479",title:"Dr.",name:"Valentina",middleName:null,surname:"Colla",slug:"valentina-colla",fullName:"Valentina Colla",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/479/images/358_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies",country:{name:"Italy"}}},{id:"494",title:"PhD",name:"Loris",middleName:null,surname:"Nanni",slug:"loris-nanni",fullName:"Loris Nanni",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/494/images/system/494.jpg",biography:"Loris Nanni received his Master Degree cum laude on June-2002 from the University of Bologna, and the April 26th 2006 he received his Ph.D. in Computer Engineering at DEIS, University of Bologna. 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After finishing his P. hD degree in 1992, he served in the Industry as a Scientific Officer and continued his academic career as a visiting scholar for a number of educational institutions. In 1996 he joined National University of Science & Technology Pakistan (NUST) as an Associate Professor; NUST is one of the top few universities in Pakistan. In 1999 he joined an International Company Lineo Inc, Canada as Manager Compiler Group, where he headed the group for developing Compiler Tool Chain and Porting of Operating Systems for the BLACKfin processor. The processor development was a joint venture by Intel and Analog Devices. In 2002 Lineo Inc., was taken over by another company, so he joined Aalborg University Denmark as an Assistant Professor.\nProfessor Akbar has truly a multi-disciplined career and he continued his legacy and making progress in many areas of his interests both in teaching and research. 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Since then, he has been working as an Adjunct Professor in the same Department at the University of Pavia. His research activity during the first years was primarily focused on the purification and structural characterization of enzymes from animal and plant sources. During this period, Prof. Iadarola familiarized himself with the conventional techniques used in column chromatography, spectrophotometry, manual Edman degradation, and electrophoresis). Since 1995, he has been working on: i) the determination in biological fluids (serum, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum) of proteolytic activities involved in the degradation processes of connective tissue matrix, and ii) on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. In this context, he has developed and validated new methodologies (e.g., Capillary Electrophoresis coupled to Laser-Induced Fluorescence, CE-LIF) whose application enabled him to determine both the amounts of biochemical markers (Desmosines) in urine/serum of patients affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (Human Neutrophil Elastase, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in sputa of these patients. More recently, Prof. Iadarola was involved in developing techniques such as two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2DE-LC/MS) for the proteomic analysis of biological fluids aimed at the identification of potential biomarkers of different lung diseases. He is the author of about 150 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; Total citations: 1568- According to WOS: H-Index: 20; Total Citations: 1296) of peer-reviewed international journals. He is a Consultant Reviewer for several journals, including the Journal of Chromatography A, Journal of Chromatography B, Plos ONE, Proteomes, International Journal of Molecular Science, Biotech, Electrophoresis, and others. He is also Associate Editor of Biotech.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorTwo:{id:"201414",title:"Dr.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"Viglio",slug:"simona-viglio",fullName:"Simona Viglio",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRKDHQA4/Profile_Picture_1630402531487",biography:"Simona Viglio is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry at the Department of Molecular Medicine at the University of Pavia. She has been working since 1995 on the determination of proteolytic enzymes involved in the degradation process of connective tissue matrix and on the identification of biological markers of lung diseases. She gained considerable experience in developing and validating new methodologies whose applications allowed her to determine both the amount of biomarkers (Desmosine and Isodesmosine) in the urine of patients affected by COPD, and the activity of proteolytic enzymes (HNE, Cathepsin G, Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase) in the sputa of these patients. Simona Viglio was also involved in research dealing with the supplementation of amino acids in patients with brain injury and chronic heart failure. She is presently engaged in the development of 2-DE and LC-MS techniques for the study of proteomics in biological fluids. The aim of this research is the identification of potential biomarkers of lung diseases. She is an author of about 90 publications (According to Scopus: H-Index: 23; According to WOS: H-Index: 20) on peer-reviewed journals, a member of the “Società Italiana di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare,“ and a Consultant Reviewer for International Journal of Molecular Science, Journal of Chromatography A, COPD, Plos ONE and Nutritional Neuroscience.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Pavia",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Italy"}}},editorThree:null}]},overviewPageOFChapters:{paginationCount:38,paginationItems:[{id:"82531",title:"Abnormal Iron Metabolism and Its Effect on Dentistry",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.104502",signatures:"Chinmayee Dahihandekar and Sweta Kale Pisulkar",slug:"abnormal-iron-metabolism-and-its-effect-on-dentistry",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Iron Metabolism - Iron a Double‐Edged Sword",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10842.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}},{id:"82291",title:"The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Onset and Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105599",signatures:"Emina Čolak, Lepša Žorić, Miloš Mirković, Jana Mirković, Ilija Dragojević, Dijana Mirić, Bojana Kisić and Ljubinka Nikolić",slug:"the-role-of-oxidative-stress-in-the-onset-and-development-of-age-related-macular-degeneration",totalDownloads:1,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Importance of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant System in Health and Disease",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11671.jpg",subseries:{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology"}}},{id:"82195",title:"Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Hub in Lipid Homeostasis",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105450",signatures:"Raúl Ventura and María Isabel Hernández-Alvarez",slug:"endoplasmic-reticulum-a-hub-in-lipid-homeostasis",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Updates on Endoplasmic Reticulum",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/11674.jpg",subseries:{id:"14",title:"Cell and Molecular Biology"}}},{id:"82409",title:"Purinergic Signaling in Covid-19 Disease",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.105008",signatures:"Hailian Shen",slug:"purinergic-signaling-in-covid-19-disease",totalDownloads:6,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,authors:null,book:{title:"Purinergic System",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10801.jpg",subseries:{id:"17",title:"Metabolism"}}}]},overviewPagePublishedBooks:{paginationCount:32,paginationItems:[{type:"book",id:"7006",title:"Biochemistry and Health Benefits of Fatty Acids",subtitle:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7006.jpg",slug:"biochemistry-and-health-benefits-of-fatty-acids",publishedDate:"December 19th 2018",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Viduranga Waisundara",hash:"c93a00abd68b5eba67e5e719f67fd20b",volumeInSeries:1,fullTitle:"Biochemistry and Health Benefits of Fatty Acids",editors:[{id:"194281",title:"Dr.",name:"Viduranga Y.",middleName:null,surname:"Waisundara",slug:"viduranga-y.-waisundara",fullName:"Viduranga Y. 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Singh",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/329385/images/system/329385.png",institutionString:"Punjab Technical University",institution:{name:"Punjab Technical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"8018",title:"Extracellular Matrix",subtitle:"Developments and Therapeutics",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8018.jpg",slug:"extracellular-matrix-developments-and-therapeutics",publishedDate:"October 27th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula, Joseph Orgel P.R.O. and Zvi Loewy",hash:"c85e82851e80b40282ff9be99ddf2046",volumeInSeries:23,fullTitle:"Extracellular Matrix - Developments and Therapeutics",editors:[{id:"212416",title:"Dr.",name:"Rama Sashank",middleName:null,surname:"Madhurapantula",slug:"rama-sashank-madhurapantula",fullName:"Rama Sashank Madhurapantula",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/212416/images/system/212416.jpg",institutionString:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institution:{name:"Illinois Institute of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"United States of America"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null},{type:"book",id:"9759",title:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease",subtitle:"Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9759.jpg",slug:"vitamin-e-in-health-and-disease-interactions-diseases-and-health-aspects",publishedDate:"October 6th 2021",editedByType:"Edited by",bookSignature:"Pınar Erkekoglu and Júlia Scherer Santos",hash:"6c3ddcc13626110de289b57f2516ac8f",volumeInSeries:22,fullTitle:"Vitamin E in Health and Disease - Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects",editors:[{id:"109978",title:"Prof.",name:"Pınar",middleName:null,surname:"Erkekoğlu",slug:"pinar-erkekoglu",fullName:"Pınar Erkekoğlu",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/109978/images/system/109978.jpg",institutionString:"Hacettepe University",institution:{name:"Hacettepe University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Turkey"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Proteomics",value:18,count:4},{group:"subseries",caption:"Metabolism",value:17,count:6},{group:"subseries",caption:"Cell and Molecular Biology",value:14,count:9},{group:"subseries",caption:"Chemical Biology",value:15,count:13}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:8},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:7},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:12},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:2}],authors:{paginationCount:301,paginationItems:[{id:"116250",title:"Dr.",name:"Nima",middleName:null,surname:"Rezaei",slug:"nima-rezaei",fullName:"Nima Rezaei",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/116250/images/system/116250.jpg",biography:"Professor Nima Rezaei obtained an MD from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. He also obtained an MSc in Molecular and Genetic Medicine, and a Ph.D. in Clinical Immunology and Human Genetics from the University of Sheffield, UK. He also completed a short-term fellowship in Pediatric Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation at Newcastle General Hospital, England. Dr. Rezaei is a Full Professor of Immunology and Vice Dean of International Affairs and Research, at the School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and the co-founder and head of the Research Center for Immunodeficiencies. He is also the founding president of the Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). Dr. Rezaei has directed more than 100 research projects and has designed and participated in several international collaborative projects. He is an editor, editorial assistant, or editorial board member of more than forty international journals. He has edited more than 50 international books, presented more than 500 lectures/posters in congresses/meetings, and published more than 1,100 scientific papers in international journals.",institutionString:"Tehran University of Medical Sciences",institution:{name:"Tehran University of Medical Sciences",country:{name:"Iran"}}},{id:"180733",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean",middleName:null,surname:"Engohang-Ndong",slug:"jean-engohang-ndong",fullName:"Jean Engohang-Ndong",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/180733/images/system/180733.png",biography:"Dr. Jean Engohang-Ndong was born and raised in Gabon. After obtaining his Associate Degree of Science at the University of Science and Technology of Masuku, Gabon, he continued his education in France where he obtained his BS, MS, and Ph.D. in Medical Microbiology. He worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the Public Health Research Institute (PHRI), Newark, NJ for four years before accepting a three-year faculty position at Brigham Young University-Hawaii. Dr. Engohang-Ndong is a tenured faculty member with the academic rank of Full Professor at Kent State University, Ohio, where he teaches a wide range of biological science courses and pursues his research in medical and environmental microbiology. Recently, he expanded his research interest to epidemiology and biostatistics of chronic diseases in Gabon.",institutionString:"Kent State University",institution:{name:"Kent State University",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"188773",title:"Prof.",name:"Emmanuel",middleName:null,surname:"Drouet",slug:"emmanuel-drouet",fullName:"Emmanuel Drouet",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/188773/images/system/188773.png",biography:"Emmanuel Drouet, PharmD, is a Professor of Virology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, the University Grenoble-Alpes, France. As a head scientist at the Institute of Structural Biology in Grenoble, Dr. Drouet’s research investigates persisting viruses in humans (RNA and DNA viruses) and the balance with our host immune system. He focuses on these viruses’ effects on humans (both their impact on pathology and their symbiotic relationships in humans). He has an excellent track record in the herpesvirus field, and his group is engaged in clinical research in the field of Epstein-Barr virus diseases. He is the editor of the online Encyclopedia of Environment and he coordinates the Universal Health Coverage education program for the BioHealth Computing Schools of the European Institute of Science.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Grenoble Alpes University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"131400",title:"Prof.",name:"Alfonso J.",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez-Morales",slug:"alfonso-j.-rodriguez-morales",fullName:"Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/131400/images/system/131400.png",biography:"Dr. Rodriguez-Morales is an expert in tropical and emerging diseases, particularly zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (especially arboviral diseases). He is the president of the Travel Medicine Committee of the Pan-American Infectious Diseases Association (API), as well as the president of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (ACIN). He is a member of the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses, and Travel Medicine of ACIN. He is a vice-president of the Latin American Society for Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) and a Member of the Council of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). Since 2014, he has been recognized as a Senior Researcher, at the Ministry of Science of Colombia. He is a professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, in Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is an External Professor, Master in Research on Tropical Medicine and International Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. He is also a professor at the Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. In 2021 he has been awarded the “Raul Isturiz Award” Medal of the API. Also, in 2021, he was awarded with the “Jose Felix Patiño” Asclepius Staff Medal of the Colombian Medical College, due to his scientific contributions to COVID-19 during the pandemic. He is currently the Editor in Chief of the journal Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases. His Scopus H index is 47 (Google Scholar H index, 68).",institutionString:"Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Colombia",institution:null},{id:"332819",title:"Dr.",name:"Chukwudi Michael",middleName:"Michael",surname:"Egbuche",slug:"chukwudi-michael-egbuche",fullName:"Chukwudi Michael Egbuche",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/332819/images/14624_n.jpg",biography:"I an Dr. Chukwudi Michael Egbuche. I am a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Nnamdi Azikiwe University",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"284232",title:"Mr.",name:"Nikunj",middleName:"U",surname:"Tandel",slug:"nikunj-tandel",fullName:"Nikunj Tandel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/284232/images/8275_n.jpg",biography:'Mr. Nikunj Tandel has completed his Master\'s degree in Biotechnology from VIT University, India in the year of 2012. He is having 8 years of research experience especially in the field of malaria epidemiology, immunology, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery system against the infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders and cancer. He has worked for the NIH funded-International Center of Excellence in Malaria Research project "Center for the study of complex malaria in India (CSCMi)" in collaboration with New York University. The preliminary objectives of the study are to understand and develop the evidence-based tools and interventions for the control and prevention of malaria in different sites of the INDIA. Alongside, with the help of next-generation genomics study, the team has studied the antimalarial drug resistance in India. Further, he has extended his research in the development of Humanized mice for the study of liver-stage malaria and identification of molecular marker(s) for the Artemisinin resistance. At present, his research focuses on understanding the role of B cells in the activation of CD8+ T cells in malaria. Received the CSIR-SRF (Senior Research Fellow) award-2018, FIMSA (Federation of Immunological Societies of Asia-Oceania) Travel Bursary award to attend the IUIS-IIS-FIMSA Immunology course-2019',institutionString:"Nirma University",institution:{name:"Nirma University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"334383",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Simone",middleName:"Ulrich",surname:"Ulrich Picoli",slug:"simone-ulrich-picoli",fullName:"Simone Ulrich Picoli",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/334383/images/15919_n.jpg",biography:"Graduated in Pharmacy from Universidade Luterana do Brasil (1999), Master in Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology from Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (2002), Specialization in Clinical Microbiology from Universidade de São Paulo, USP (2007) and PhD in Sciences in Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012). She is currently an Adjunct Professor at Feevale University in Medicine and Biomedicine courses and a permanent professor of the Academic Master\\'s Degree in Virology. She has experience in the field of Microbiology, with an emphasis on Bacteriology, working mainly on the following topics: bacteriophages, bacterial resistance, clinical microbiology and food microbiology.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Feevale",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"229220",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",middleName:"Islam",surname:"Aqib",slug:"amjad-aqib",fullName:"Amjad Aqib",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/229220/images/system/229220.png",biography:"Dr. Amjad Islam Aqib obtained a DVM and MSc (Hons) from University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan, and a PhD from the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. Dr. Aqib joined the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery at UAF for one year as an assistant professor where he developed a research laboratory designated for pathogenic bacteria. Since 2018, he has been Assistant Professor/Officer in-charge, Department of Medicine, Manager Research Operations and Development-ORIC, and President One Health Club at Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan. He has nearly 100 publications to his credit. His research interests include epidemiological patterns and molecular analysis of antimicrobial resistance and modulation and vaccine development against animal pathogens of public health concern.",institutionString:"Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences",institution:null},{id:"333753",title:"Dr.",name:"Rais",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmed",slug:"rais-ahmed",fullName:"Rais Ahmed",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/333753/images/20168_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Agriculture Faisalabad",country:{name:"Pakistan"}}},{id:"62900",title:"Prof.",name:"Fethi",middleName:null,surname:"Derbel",slug:"fethi-derbel",fullName:"Fethi Derbel",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62900/images/system/62900.jpeg",biography:"Professor Fethi Derbel was born in 1960 in Tunisia. He received his medical degree from the Sousse Faculty of Medicine at Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia. He completed his surgical residency in General Surgery at the University Hospital Farhat Hached of Sousse and was a member of the Unit of Liver Transplantation in the University of Rennes, France. He then worked in the Department of Surgery at the Sahloul University Hospital in Sousse. Professor Derbel is presently working at the Clinique les Oliviers, Sousse, Tunisia. His hospital activities are mostly concerned with laparoscopic, colorectal, pancreatic, hepatobiliary, and gastric surgery. He is also very interested in hernia surgery and performs ventral hernia repairs and inguinal hernia repairs. He has been a member of the GREPA and Tunisian Hernia Society (THS). During his residency, he managed patients suffering from diabetic foot, and he was very interested in this pathology. For this reason, he decided to coordinate a book project dealing with the diabetic foot. Professor Derbel has published many articles in journals and collaborates intensively with IntechOpen Access Publisher as an editor.",institutionString:"Clinique les Oliviers",institution:null},{id:"300144",title:"Dr.",name:"Meriem",middleName:null,surname:"Braiki",slug:"meriem-braiki",fullName:"Meriem Braiki",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/300144/images/system/300144.jpg",biography:"Dr. Meriem Braiki is a specialist in pediatric surgeon from Tunisia. She was born in 1985. She received her medical degree from the University of Medicine at Sousse, Tunisia. She achieved her surgical residency training periods in Pediatric Surgery departments at University Hospitals in Monastir, Tunis and France.\r\nShe is currently working at the Pediatric surgery department, Sidi Bouzid Hospital, Tunisia. Her hospital activities are mostly concerned with laparoscopic, parietal, urological and digestive surgery. She has published several articles in diffrent journals.",institutionString:"Sidi Bouzid Regional Hospital",institution:null},{id:"229481",title:"Dr.",name:"Erika M.",middleName:"Martins",surname:"de Carvalho",slug:"erika-m.-de-carvalho",fullName:"Erika M. de Carvalho",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/229481/images/6397_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Oswaldo Cruz Foundation",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"186537",title:"Prof.",name:"Tonay",middleName:null,surname:"Inceboz",slug:"tonay-inceboz",fullName:"Tonay Inceboz",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186537/images/system/186537.jfif",biography:"I was graduated from Ege University of Medical Faculty (Turkey) in 1988 and completed his Med. PhD degree in Medical Parasitology at the same university. I became an Associate Professor in 2008 and Professor in 2014. I am currently working as a Professor at the Department of Medical Parasitology at Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.\n\nI have given many lectures, presentations in different academic meetings. I have more than 60 articles in peer-reviewed journals, 18 book chapters, 1 book editorship.\n\nMy research interests are Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis (diagnosis, life cycle, in vitro and in vivo cultivation), and Trichomonas vaginalis (diagnosis, PCR, and in vitro cultivation).",institutionString:"Dokuz Eylül University",institution:{name:"Dokuz Eylül University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"71812",title:"Prof.",name:"Hanem Fathy",middleName:"Fathy",surname:"Khater",slug:"hanem-fathy-khater",fullName:"Hanem Fathy Khater",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/71812/images/1167_n.jpg",biography:"Prof. Khater is a Professor of Parasitology at Benha University, Egypt. She studied for her doctoral degree, at the Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA. She has completed her Ph.D. degrees in Parasitology in Egypt, from where she got the award for “the best scientific Ph.D. dissertation”. She worked at the School of Biological Sciences, Bristol, England, the UK in controlling insects of medical and veterinary importance as a grant from Newton Mosharafa, the British Council. Her research is focused on searching of pesticides against mosquitoes, house flies, lice, green bottle fly, camel nasal botfly, soft and hard ticks, mites, and the diamondback moth as well as control of several parasites using safe and natural materials to avoid drug resistances and environmental contamination.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Banha University",country:{name:"Egypt"}}},{id:"99780",title:"Prof.",name:"Omolade",middleName:"Olayinka",surname:"Okwa",slug:"omolade-okwa",fullName:"Omolade Okwa",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/99780/images/system/99780.jpg",biography:"Omolade Olayinka Okwa is presently a Professor of Parasitology at Lagos State University, Nigeria. She has a PhD in Parasitology (1997), an MSc in Cellular Parasitology (1992), and a BSc (Hons) Zoology (1990) all from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. She teaches parasitology at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. She was a recipient of a Commonwealth fellowship supported by British Council tenable at the Centre for Entomology and Parasitology (CAEP), Keele University, United Kingdom between 2004 and 2005. She was awarded an Honorary Visiting Research Fellow at the same university from 2005 to 2007. \nShe has been an external examiner to the Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, MSc programme between 2010 and 2012. She is a member of the Nigerian Society of Experimental Biology (NISEB), Parasitology and Public Health Society of Nigeria (PPSN), Science Association of Nigeria (SAN), Zoological Society of Nigeria (ZSN), and is Vice Chairperson of the Organisation of Women in Science (OWSG), LASU chapter. She served as Head of Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Lagos State University from 2007 to 2010 and 2014 to 2016. She is a reviewer for several local and international journals such as Unilag Journal of Science, Libyan Journal of Medicine, Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, and Annual Research and Review in Science. \nShe has authored 45 scientific research publications in local and international journals, 8 scientific reviews, 4 books, and 3 book chapters, which includes the books “Malaria Parasites” and “Malaria” which are IntechOpen access publications.",institutionString:"Lagos State University",institution:{name:"Lagos State University",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/273100/images/system/273100.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Gayam is currently practicing as an internist at Interfaith Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, USA. He is also a Clinical Assistant Professor at the SUNY Downstate University Hospital and Adjunct Professor of Medicine at the American University of Antigua. He is a holder of an M.B.B.S. degree bestowed to him by Osmania Medical College and received his M.D. at Interfaith Medical Center. His career goals thus far have heavily focused on direct patient care, medical education, and clinical research. He currently serves in two leadership capacities; Assistant Program Director of Medicine at Interfaith Medical Center and as a Councilor for the American\r\nFederation for Medical Research. As a true academician and researcher, he has more than 50 papers indexed in international peer-reviewed journals. He has also presented numerous papers in multiple national and international scientific conferences. His areas of research interest include general internal medicine, gastroenterology and hepatology. He serves as an editor, editorial board member and reviewer for multiple international journals. His research on Hepatitis C has been very successful and has led to multiple research awards, including the 'Equity in Prevention and Treatment Award” from the New York Department of Health Viral Hepatitis Symposium (2018) and the 'Presidential Poster Award” awarded to him by the American College of Gastroenterology (2018). He was also awarded 'Outstanding Clinician in General Medicine” by Venus International Foundation for his extensive research expertise and services, perform over and above the standard expected in the advancement of healthcare, patient safety and quality of care.",institutionString:"Interfaith Medical Center",institution:{name:"Interfaith Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"93517",title:"Dr.",name:"Clement",middleName:"Adebajo",surname:"Meseko",slug:"clement-meseko",fullName:"Clement Meseko",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/93517/images/system/93517.jpg",biography:"Dr. Clement Meseko obtained DVM and PhD degree in Veterinary Medicine and Virology respectively. He has worked for over 20 years in both private and public sectors including the academia, contributing to knowledge and control of infectious disease. Through the application of epidemiological skill, classical and molecular virological skills, he investigates viruses of economic and public health importance for the mitigation of the negative impact on people, animal and the environment in the context of Onehealth. \r\nDr. Meseko’s field experience on animal and zoonotic diseases and pathogen dynamics at the human-animal interface over the years shaped his carrier in research and scientific inquiries. He has been part of the investigation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza incursions in sub Saharan Africa and monitors swine Influenza (Pandemic influenza Virus) agro-ecology and potential for interspecies transmission. He has authored and reviewed a number of journal articles and book chapters.",institutionString:"National Veterinary Research Institute",institution:{name:"National Veterinary Research Institute",country:{name:"Nigeria"}}},{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",biography:"Professor Dr. Shailendra K. Saxena is a vice dean and professor at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. His research interests involve understanding the molecular mechanisms of host defense during human viral infections and developing new predictive, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for them using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), HIV, and emerging viruses as a model via stem cell and cell culture technologies. 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