Details of HIL test system specification [9].
\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:{caption:"Highly Cited",originalUrl:"/media/original/117"}},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"webinar-introduction-to-open-science-wednesday-18-may-1-pm-cest-20220518",title:"Webinar: Introduction to Open Science | Wednesday 18 May, 1 PM CEST"},{slug:"step-in-the-right-direction-intechopen-launches-a-portfolio-of-open-science-journals-20220414",title:"Step in the Right Direction: IntechOpen Launches a Portfolio of Open Science Journals"},{slug:"let-s-meet-at-london-book-fair-5-7-april-2022-olympia-london-20220321",title:"Let’s meet at London Book Fair, 5-7 April 2022, Olympia London"},{slug:"50-books-published-as-part-of-intechopen-and-knowledge-unlatched-ku-collaboration-20220316",title:"50 Books published as part of IntechOpen and Knowledge Unlatched (KU) Collaboration"},{slug:"intechopen-joins-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-publishers-compact-20221702",title:"IntechOpen joins the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Publishers Compact"},{slug:"intechopen-signs-exclusive-representation-agreement-with-lsr-libros-servicios-y-representaciones-s-a-de-c-v-20211123",title:"IntechOpen Signs Exclusive Representation Agreement with LSR Libros Servicios y Representaciones S.A. de C.V"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-partnership-with-research4life-20211110",title:"IntechOpen Expands Partnership with Research4Life"},{slug:"introducing-intechopen-book-series-a-new-publishing-format-for-oa-books-20210915",title:"Introducing IntechOpen Book Series - A New Publishing Format for OA Books"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"6785",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Transparent Conducting Films",title:"Transparent Conducting Films",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"This book presents a significant class of materials that has recently drawn increasing interest in applications of active devices and as a critical component in any structure that requires both electrical connectivity and optical transparency. Despite their technological importance and relatively long history of utilization, our understanding of the existing set of transparent conduction oxide (TCO) material is only now receiving the kind of combined fundamental/experimental material research attention that will inevitably lead to new material discoveries and novel applications. Overall, it is clear that transparent conducting films and transparent conductors are a vibrant field that is advancing rapidly across an ever-broadening spectrum of applications. We hope this book will provide a valuable reference for those interested in the topic and stimulate additional development of new TCO materials and their applications.",isbn:"978-1-83880-495-4",printIsbn:"978-1-83880-494-7",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83880-987-4",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72957",price:100,priceEur:109,priceUsd:129,slug:"transparent-conducting-films",numberOfPages:94,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:null,isInBkci:!1,hash:"c9c4bfc8475b6464e5e1c79a999eabdb",bookSignature:"Kaushik Pal",publishedDate:"June 19th 2019",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6785.jpg",numberOfDownloads:5259,numberOfWosCitations:2,numberOfCrossrefCitations:2,numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook:2,numberOfDimensionsCitations:7,numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook:2,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:11,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"January 8th 2018",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"May 1st 2018",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"June 30th 2018",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"September 18th 2018",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"November 17th 2018",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6,7",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,featuredMarkup:null,editors:[{id:"208451",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Kaushik",middleName:null,surname:"Pal",slug:"kaushik-pal",fullName:"Kaushik Pal",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/208451/images/system/208451.jpg",biography:"Prof.(Dr.) Kaushik Pal is an Indian citizen and born in Kolkata. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Kalyani, West-Bengal (India). Most significant prestigious awards 'Marie-Curie Experienced Researcher (Postdoctoral Fellow)” offered by the European Commission in Greece and the 'Brain Korea National Research Foundation Visiting Scientist Fellowship” in South Korea achieved in his research career. Dr. Kaushik is the President of 'Paul Academic Press' as well as Director and Editor-in-Chief of 'International Journal Future Nanoscience and Smart Technology'. He was appointed 'Senior Postdoctoral Fellow” at Wuhan University, China and achieved a prestigious position 'Chief-Scientist & Faculty (CAS) Fellow” by the Chinese Academy of Science. Currently working as 'Research Professor (Group Leader & Independent Scientist)”, at the Bharath University (BIHER), Dept. of Research and Development (R & D), Chennai and former 'Visiting Professor” at IIUCN, School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala. His current spans are focusing e.g. Nanofabrication, functional Materials, condensed matter physics (Expt.), CNTs/graphene, liquid crystal, green nanotechnology, polymeric nanocomposite, switchable device, electron microscopy and spectroscopy, bio-inspired materials, drug delivery, tissue engineering, cell culture and integration, switchable device modulation, flexible and transparent electrodes, supercapacitor, optoelectronics, and biosensor applications. He supervises a significant number of Bachelors, Masters, Ph.D. and Postdoctoral scholars thesis. His outstanding research finding and novelty published around 70-articles in several international top-tier journals likewise: IOP Nanotechnology, Royal Chemical Society, Elsevier, Springer, IEEE publications got the highest citation in every year and performed editing 25-book’s chapters and 8-Review Articles. Throughout his academic experiences, skills and research background deserve him as an Editorial member of ‘World Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology’, ‘Current Graphene Science’, ‘J. of Chemical Reviews’, ‘Pan Standford’, ‘En Press’, and ‘IntechOpen’ publisher edited several book’s chapters and since last year reviewed around 150 articles. Prof. Pal is an expert group leader as well as the associate member of various scientific societies, reorganizations and professional bodies. He was the chairperson and organized of 25-National or International events, Symposium, Conferences, Workshops, Summer Internship research program and himself contributed around 10-Plenary, 25- Keynote and 30-Invited lectures worldwide.",institutionString:"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Brazil"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1169",title:"Condensed Matter Physics",slug:"nanotechnology-and-nanomaterials-material-science-condensed-matter-physics"}],chapters:[{id:"66874",title:"Introductory Chapter: Transparent Conducting Films",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.85577",slug:"introductory-chapter-transparent-conducting-films",totalDownloads:729,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:null,signatures:"Kaushik Pal",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/66874",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/66874",authors:[{id:"208451",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Kaushik",surname:"Pal",slug:"kaushik-pal",fullName:"Kaushik Pal"}],corrections:null},{id:"63039",title:"Interfacial Engineering of Flexible Transparent Conducting Films",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.80259",slug:"interfacial-engineering-of-flexible-transparent-conducting-films",totalDownloads:835,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"One-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been used as replacements for brittle indium tin oxide (ITO) in the fabrication of transparent conducting films (TCFs), which can be used in opto-electronic devices such as screen panels, solar cell panels, and organic light-emitting diodes. This chapter describes a fabrication method of high-performance TCFs by solution processing of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and AgNWs. Highly uniform TCFs with SWCNTs and AgNW inks were fabricated using spray deposition. Their performance was modulated by interfacial engineering such as overcoating with silane compound for densification of SWCNT networks and chemical or photothermal welding of SWCNT networks on thermoplastic substrates. Moreover, the hybridization of SWCNTs, AgNWs, and graphene oxide nanosheets is a promising approach to mitigate their drawbacks via p-type doping, electrical stabilization, or interfacial stabilization on plastic substrates. The rational control of 1D material networks can provide a good opportunity to fabricate high-performance TCFs for flexible opto-electronic devices.",signatures:"Joong Tark Han and Geon-Woong Lee",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/63039",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/63039",authors:[{id:"37929",title:"Dr.",name:"Joong Tark",surname:"Han",slug:"joong-tark-han",fullName:"Joong Tark Han"}],corrections:null},{id:"62324",title:"Transparent Conducting Thin Film Preparation of Carbon Nanotube",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79164",slug:"transparent-conducting-thin-film-preparation-of-carbon-nanotube",totalDownloads:876,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Transparent conducting films have a wide range of applications in the fields of flat panel displays, solar cells, and touch panels for their both good conductivity and light transmittance. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) transparent conducting film has become a potential alternative for next-generation transparent conducting film systems owing to high conductivity, light transmittance and flexibility. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) conductive liquid was prepared by dispersing MWCNTs in alcohol through ultrasonic and high-speed shearing process with an addition of carbon nanotube alcohol dispersant (TNADIS) as the dispersant. The transparent conducting film was fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) transparent film by spin-coating process. The film was used as interlayer between the electrode and the separator to improve electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries.",signatures:"Xiaogang Sun, Jie Wang, Wei Chen, Xu Li, Manyuan Cai, Long Chen, Zhiwen Qiu, Yapan Huang, Chengcheng Wei, Hao Hu and Guodong Liang",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/62324",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/62324",authors:[{id:"25405",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiaogang",surname:"Sun",slug:"xiaogang-sun",fullName:"Xiaogang Sun"},{id:"209415",title:"Mr.",name:"Jie",surname:"Wang",slug:"jie-wang",fullName:"Jie Wang"},{id:"217387",title:"BSc.",name:"Manyuan",surname:"Cai",slug:"manyuan-cai",fullName:"Manyuan Cai"},{id:"217388",title:"BSc.",name:"Long",surname:"Chen",slug:"long-chen",fullName:"Long Chen"},{id:"217389",title:"BSc.",name:"Zhiwen",surname:"Qiu",slug:"zhiwen-qiu",fullName:"Zhiwen Qiu"},{id:"217390",title:"BSc.",name:"Xu",surname:"Li",slug:"xu-li",fullName:"Xu Li"},{id:"217391",title:"BSc.",name:"Wei",surname:"Chen",slug:"wei-chen",fullName:"Wei Chen"},{id:"241233",title:"BSc.",name:"Yapan",surname:"Huang",slug:"yapan-huang",fullName:"Yapan Huang"},{id:"241234",title:"BSc.",name:"Chengcheng",surname:"Wei",slug:"chengcheng-wei",fullName:"Chengcheng Wei"},{id:"241235",title:"BSc.",name:"Hao",surname:"Hu",slug:"hao-hu",fullName:"Hao Hu"},{id:"241236",title:"BSc.",name:"Guodong",surname:"Liang",slug:"guodong-liang",fullName:"Guodong Liang"}],corrections:null},{id:"62695",title:"Carbon Nanotube-Activated Thin Film Transparent Conductor Applications",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79367",slug:"carbon-nanotube-activated-thin-film-transparent-conductor-applications",totalDownloads:1196,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Carbon nanotubes are an exciting nanomaterial system that exhibit exceptional mechanical and electrical properties. Due to its small diameter of ∼1 nm and high aspect ratio in order of 103, they can readily form interconnected conducting network of continuous film with high transparency. Transparent conductor based on carbon nanotube can be grown directly into a thin-film structure, or can be processed after the growth process. Post-growth arrangement of carbon nanotube into transparent conducting thin films can be achieved by several methods. Most of the methods involve solution-processed approach, while dry-processed approach is also possible. This chapter presents a comprehensive review and methods for fabricating transparent carbon nanotube-activated thin film, which generally demonstrate high conductivity and mechanical flexibility. Comparison on the optical and electrical performance of the carbon nanotube-activated transparent conductors fabricated via different methods is presented in the chapter.",signatures:"Iskandar Yahya, Seri Mastura Mustaza and Huda Abdullah",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/62695",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/62695",authors:[{id:"242028",title:"Dr.",name:"Iskandar",surname:"Yahya",slug:"iskandar-yahya",fullName:"Iskandar Yahya"},{id:"254841",title:"Dr.",name:"Seri Mastura",surname:"Mustaza",slug:"seri-mastura-mustaza",fullName:"Seri Mastura Mustaza"},{id:"254844",title:"Dr.",name:"Huda",surname:"Abdullah",slug:"huda-abdullah",fullName:"Huda Abdullah"}],corrections:null},{id:"63257",title:"Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy of Electrodes Modified with PEDOT:PSS-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.80715",slug:"cyclic-voltammetry-and-electrical-impedance-spectroscopy-of-electrodes-modified-with-pedot-pss-reduc",totalDownloads:1623,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:4,hasAltmetrics:0,abstract:"Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are electrochemical techniques to characterize reversibility of electron transfer and impedance at the electrode-solution interface, respectively. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS are often used to enhance electron transfer at electrode surface. This chapter provides a step-by-step methodology of CV and EIS conducted on screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with rGO-PEDOT:PSS and brief discussion on the CV and EIS results. The CV of rGO-PEDOT:PSS shows a reversible electron transfer in comparison to SPCE modified with PEDOT:PSS. For EIS, rGO-PEDOT:PSS was found to reduce the Warburg impedance, suggesting enhanced electrode conductivity. 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However, different vehicle models have different technical specifications, so conversion kits for each one of them have to be customized in order to meet the specific requirement such as range per charge and acceleration performance. Engineers, therefore, have to make the decision on the capacity of batteries and also how many of them are required to meet the driving demand. Moreover, selection of different types of motor is also presented as the main requirement [1]. Normal design process would require high-end expensive software to model the EV system. Furthermore, building the EV without the knowledge of the parameters within the system could costly lead to the failure of the design.
In addition, poor vehicle performance safety and reliability might occur when new electric propulsion characteristics do not match with the characteristics of replaced engine sharing the same chassis.
Therefore, a sub-ECU must be developed to harmonize EV propulsion dynamics and existing vehicle chassis characteristics called drive-by-wire (DBW) [2]. DBW functionality can then improve EV drivability by providing power demand to the electric motor drive according to the driver preference. However, installation of the DBW ECU without appropriate functional safety design and evaluation could induce such system failures or component malfunctions due to unpredicted behaviors during actual driving situations. Therefore, during the initial development process, ECU functions are needed to be established and evaluated against design and functional safety aspects beforehand [3, 4].
To improve EV conversion development process, model-based design process is shown in Figure 1. The method would benefit the design engineer in making better decision for the conversion and also saving time and cost by reducing error during the design process [5, 6, 7]. The process can be employed to perform system simulation based on different scenarios and technical specification. Embedded system and DBW ECU can be realized by software rapid auto coding to shorten error correction and debugging time. Virtual prototyping test can be employed to validate design requirement and EV conversion specification. The in-the-loop tests can ensure accurate implementation of both software and hardware ECU for the conversion using real-time verification methodology.
Model-based design process for EV conversion.
In this literature, the first model-based design for EV conversion prototyping development, which describes electric vehicle modeling including EV traction, EV components, and power flow models, is defined. Then, drive-by-wire ECU design and in-the-loop testing for EV conversion process are described in details. The last section illustrates versatility of model-based design in EV conversion tuning and diagnostic application.
In order to set up the simulation of EV, mathematical models have to be generated first from the engineering principles and theories. The four core models are traction model, motor model, battery model, and power flow model as follows.
Forces acting on the vehicle govern the equation for vehicle traction as seen in Figure 2. Those forces comprised of tractive forces
The force components involved in the vehicle traction.
The governing relation can be found in Eq. (1) where traction needs to overcome the load that is equal to five other forces:
where equation for each force components can be employed from many sources such as reference [2, 4] and other automotive textbooks.
In the EV conversion system, the motor replaces the internal combustion engine (ICE) in providing the torque to drive the wheel as shown in Figure 3, which also affects the traction of the vehicle. The motor torque, speed, and efficiency equation are presented in Eqs. (2), (3), and (4), respectively.
The EV motor provides the traction to the vehicle through transmission.
- Motor torque
- Motor angular speed
- Motor efficiency
where
Battery’s dynamic behavior does have a great effect on EV performance and range. Three common types of batteries, which are lead acid, nickel cadmium, and lithium ion batteries, are governed by Eqs. (5), (6), and (7) here, respectively. As seen in [4, 6], open-circuit voltage
- Lead acid:
- Nickel cadmium:
- Li-ion:
(nominal cell voltage = 3.3 V up to 80%
where
The open-circuit voltage also affects the battery current
- Battery current discharge operating at power
- Battery current charge during regenerative braking
where
- Total charge removed from battery by the
- The depth of discharged
- Charge removed for regenerative braking
To complete the simulation, the integrated power flow model is necessary to compute and update the rate of energy going in and out of battery cells, accessories, the motor, gearing components, and wheel to the road and back. Therefore, the model needs to be capable of mathematically simulating the power flow in both driving and braking as shown in Figure 4.
Diagram show power flow in/out components within the EV system for both normal forward driving and regenerative braking operations [
Traction model provides the power flow between the vehicle and the road
- Energy required per second:
- Motor power in driving mode:
- Motor power in braking mode:
- Battery power:
Models described in the previous section, especially traction model, are employed to simulate the electric vehicle conversion (EVC) performance by obtaining the velocity plot. The vehicle model specifications are approximately used as the input for the simulation. Other inputs are motor specification and road condition where Refs. [2, 4, 8] explained this specification in details.
The traction model is reduced to nonlinear first-order differential forms in [6, 8] when all inputs are substituted. Then, differential equation of velocity is numerically solved using the MATLAB script (.m) file for each time step and updates the values in the program arrays. The out velocity can be plotted against time. The EVC performance here is specified as the time for vehicle to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h.
The other important piece of information for the EV design is range per charge, which tells us how far the vehicle can travel before it needs to be recharged again. In order to obtain such information, the motor model, battery model, and power flow model introduced in the previous section are applied here along with additional inputs. Driving cycle needs to be reasonably selected to simulate the driving dynamics. For present simulation, simplified federal urban driving cycle (SFUD) in [6] is chosen since the vehicle is expected to be driven in the urban area most of the time. The main program [6, 8] is employed to call inputs, including vehicle specification and driving cycle, and then execute the power flow model and battery model for each driving cycle and update parameters, such as range and
EV design parameters shown in the list below can be easily obtained using the simulation done earlier. To obtain such information, we need to simply write the MATLAB commands in EV main program to update our interested parameters and then write the plot command.
An example of such torque speed map plots is shown in Figure 5, and the vehicle is still operated within the motor power range and maximum torque of 250 Nm. The constant torque region is quite small compared to the field weakening region. The plot also reveals that low motor speed is mostly required when driving in the urban area.
Torque speed map of EVC with SFUD driving cycle and no regenerative braking mode.
In current EV conversion development as shown in Figure 6, drive-by-wire (DBW) functions were developed by means of model-based design approach to synchronize the EV driving characteristics and to improve its drivability. The process starts by setting up parameters and variables for conceptual ECU system requirements. Then, the ECU I/O and signals for communications are formulated. Here, both software functions and embedded hardware design for DBW ECU should be completely determined. The next process is to virtually test DBW ECU against requirements’ virtually simulated environment. In this process, the main functionalities along with faulty software or malfunction situation for the ECU can be tested. Bug in the software or communication can be tested and tuned safely with this in-the-loop testing methodology throughout the development process.
Novel methodology for rapid and safe EV software and hardware development [
The main function of conceptual drive-by-wire ECU developed by [2] is to determine power demand from the driver, through vehicle supervisory control ECU, based on the pedal ratio in percentage as shown in Figure 7 and software algorithm. Next, percent pedal kickdown signal is sent to DWW ECU for torque command and regenerative percentage setting based on power to torque calculation and motor speed signals [9] in rule-based control algorithm. The input and output (I/O) parameters employed for DBW software and ECU are presented in Figure 8.
Drive-by-wire ECU functions and signal connection to the supervisory ECU and the motor drive unit [
Input and output signal flow of the drive-by-wire ECU with CAN bus interface [
Since new characteristics from EV propulsion are applied to the old chassis. New torque map shall be calculated to compensate EV conversion performance. The design process can be reviewed in Ref. [2]. The basic principle is to determine torque setting for various EV driving situations in four quadrants of torque speed map. This methodology can enable the design of more advanced features, such as driving modes, and other advanced driver assistance system (ADAS).
Initial concept of EV software functions can be tested by simulating EV system components and virtual environment of model-based software function test as seen in Figure 9 [4, 10, 11]. Model-based system design of EV component and drive-by-wire algorithm development can be consulted in details in Ref. [2]. In-the-loop models of driving test profile, supervisory control, DBW function, and motor are developed by using simulation software such as MATLAB/Simulink or others to emulate EV parameters and communication between the ECU and the driving load from vehicle dynamic model. System design requirement can be verified in this MBSF testing stage, such as toque map, and driving mode tests, which can be done by setting up driving test profile and run the simulation for analysis. However, its capability is not as effective as real-time simulation, which is presented in Section 3.4.
Model-based software function test setup where drive-by-wire function model is connected within the loop with other joint models [
Simulation results from model-in-the-loop test can be analyzed to verify whether system requirements are met. Driving profile in Figure 14 can be set in several driving schedules as seen in Figure 10. After simulation is performed for DBW function, the parameters such as torque speed curve can be analyzed to check EV output such as performance in driving quadrants in Figure 10.
EV torque speed in four-quadrant driving results for analysis by means of model-in-the-loop simulation [
Without actual driving, DBW parameters resulted from simulation can be analyzed in different scenarios such as forward driving and reverse driving. Major error can be corrected at this stage along with fault-tolerant function test such as limp home mode in case the DBW is disconnected or malfunctioned.
When ECU hardware is ready for testing, software can embed into the ECU to operate in real-time environment. The process is called hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test when the drive-by-wire software algorithm is replaced by a physical ECU hardware while still connected to virtual environment as seen in Figure 11. Thus, HIL components consisted of an actual hardware, real-time interface, and virtual environments (models). It requires a capable communication protocol to handle real-time signal process where CAN protocol is chosen for this HIL System [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]. The overall specification of HIL system can be found in Table 1.
Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test configuration for drive-by-wire (DBW) ECU [
Components | Specification |
---|---|
Drive-by-wire ECU | Real-time rapid prototyping board |
CPU: ARM Cortex-M4 32bits 168 MHz | |
RAM: 8 Mb | |
Vehicle dynamic and driving profile real-time applications | Real-time processor board |
CPU: ARM Cortex-M4 32bits 168 MHz | |
RAM: 8 Mb | |
Real-time platform | MathWork Simulink real-time workshop |
Interface | CAN bus 2.0 (high speed) |
Baud rate: 500 kBaud | |
Physical connection | CAN: DB9 connector |
Power supply | 12 V terminal |
Protocol sampling time | 10 ms |
Details of HIL test system specification [9].
Arrangement of HIL configuration allows the engineers to conduct test for DBW ECU where it is difficult to perform with the actual vehicle. EV fault and malfunction scenarios can be simulated within the system to check ECU resiliency and fault-tolerant setting. Test repetition and automation can simply be done by scheduling HIL system. Therefore, it helps to reduce testing time and test cases required for real driving. ECU performance testing can be conducted for EV high speed where it is difficult for real driving test. All model and ECU parameters can be adjusted simultaneously during the test, in real time, enabling more accurate parameter tuning. Therefore, system requirements can be verified in real time in this process.
To perform DBW ECU HIL test for this work, Simulink real-time workshop toolbox is chosen along with real-time application module for driving profile and vehicle dynamics, and CAN protocol is set for PC and ECU real-time interface as seen in Figure 12. Simple driving profile for this specific DBW test consists of different driving patterns to represent accelerator pressing by the driver in Figure 13. More complicated driving profile can be designated based on test scenarios and particular interest.
Hardware component integration setup for ECU function tests [
Driving profile test profile based on accelerator pedal position [
Based on the driving profile, the test results can be analyzed. In-depth test analysis can be consulted in Ref. [9]. In this case, performance parameters such as vehicle speed and acceleration are monitored for ECU validation.
Model-based design can be employed to simulate scenarios where problem might occur during EV conversion process or to figure out the root cause of the problem [18]. The problem can then be realized beforehand by scenario test run to prevent the damage of the EV components and saving time to reinstall new part. The examples of model-based design for tuning and diagnostics can be demonstrated below.
This problem can occur during test run of EV conversion prototype where the motor drive converter becomes too hot during initial run of the EV. This problem forces the drive component to shut down to prevent circuit overheat. Therefore, the EV has to stop early to be checked. The torque map simulation can be executed to check whether there is mismatch between driving load and motor sizing as seen in Figure 14 or there is some serge in current during EV driving simulation due to poor EV conversion system design as seen Figure 15.
EV torque map results show mismatch in driving load vs. motor power.
EV simulation show excess current drawn from batteries during some period of EV driving.
For the simplicity of modeling, PEM fuel cell with the lower heating value (LHV) plant will be reasonably modeled as a system with approximated value of efficiency [6]. Mass of liquid hydrogen supplied from cryogenic tank is calibrated to provide the same amount of energy supplied when compared to battery source. Because the fuel cell system was employed to entirely replace the batteries, regenerative braking option was not available. Comprehensive review for other types of fuel cell system and hydrogen storage for electric vehicle can be found in Larminie and Lowry’s literature [4, 6]. To model the power flow model for fuel cell electric pickup truck, the battery unit is simply replaced by fuel cell system for one way flow of power since there is no regenerative braking option available. The analysis can be seen in Ref. [8].
Another important aspect for EV reliability is the fault-tolerant function. This is the safety feature when the main components of the EV, such as ECU or sensors, are malfunctioned. It ensures that EV can still provide safe operation, although in an inefficient manner. One scenario is limp home mode where EV can still be driven under limited speed and performance. By employing model-based design, limp home mode scenarios can be simulated and analyzed. As a result, accelerator redundant system can be designed and tested to compensate when fault is detected within the EV system.
Improper installation or configuration of EV components could seriously induce noise and vibration, resulting in damage or shorter lifespan of EV components or undesirable noise level. EV mechanical system model can be simulated at early stage to validate the level of noise, and vibration is acceptable before the actual bench testing. Vibration characteristics such as resonance and force inducted due to rotating unbalance of the motor can be investigated and analyzed by means of model-based system design approach as well. Thus, proper noise and vibration handling method for EV system can be applied to protect and maintain EV components.
Model-based system analysis can be helpful to improve EV conversion system design, software and ECU development, testing, tuning, and diagnostic processes along with the actual EV prototype fabrication. It can also be used as a decision-making tool for future EV customization process. This methodology would benefit for EV conversion not only in terms of saving cost but also to shorten development period. As a result, reliable and low-cost EV conversion can be established.
This work cannot be accomplished without the support from several organizations. I would like to thank my engineering faculty at Naresuan University for establishing DRIVE center and providing budgets for equipment. Furthermore, I am grateful and appreciative for continuously supporting this R&D program from the corporations of EGAT (Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand) and NSTDA (National Science and Technology Development Agency).
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An overview is prefaced, including a brief description of their beginnings and operating basics. Materials used, as well as growth methods, are also described. The possibility of developing GaN-based QCLs is also shown. Summarizing, the applications of these structures cover a broad range, including spectroscopy, free-space communication, as well as applications to near-space radar and chemical/biological detection. 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Dual-beam platforms, combining a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM) and an FIB column, additionally equipped with precursor-based gas injection systems (GIS), micromanipulators, and chemical analysis tools (such as energy-dispersive spectra (EDS) or wavelength-dispersive spectra (WDS)), serve as multifunctional tools for direct lithography in terms of nano-machining and nano-prototyping, while advanced specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can practically be carried out with ultrahigh precision. Especially, when hard materials and material systems with hard substrates are concerned, FIB is the only technique for site-specific micro- and nanostructuring. 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Electron diffraction patterns are used to obtain quantitative data including phase identification, orientation relationship and crystal defects in materials, etc. At first, a general introduction including a geometrical and quantitative approach to electron diffraction from a crystalline specimen, the reciprocal lattice and electron diffraction in the electron microscope are presented. The scattering process by an individual atom as well as a crystal, the Bragg law, Laue conditions and structure factor are also discussed. Types of diffraction patterns such as ring pattern, spot pattern and Kikuchi pattern, and general and unique indexing diffraction patterns are explained. The procedure for indexing simple, complicated and imperfect patterns as well as Kikuchi lines and a combination of Kikuchi lines and spots is outlined. The known and unknown materials are identified by indexing patterns. Practical comparisons between various methods of analysing diffraction patterns are also described. The basic diffraction patterns and the fine structure in the patterns including specimen tilting experiments, orientation relationship determination, phase identification, twinning, second phases, crystallographic information, dislocation, preferred orientation and texture, extra spots and streaks are described in detail. Finally, electron diffraction patterns of new materials are investigated.",book:{id:"5075",slug:"modern-electron-microscopy-in-physical-and-life-sciences",title:"Modern Electron Microscopy in Physical and Life Sciences",fullTitle:"Modern Electron Microscopy in Physical and Life Sciences"},signatures:"Mohsen Asadi Asadabad and Mohammad Jafari Eskandari",authors:[{id:"176352",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohsen",middleName:null,surname:"Asadi Asadabad",slug:"mohsen-asadi-asadabad",fullName:"Mohsen Asadi Asadabad"},{id:"177600",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad",middleName:null,surname:"Jafari Eskandari",slug:"mohammad-jafari-eskandari",fullName:"Mohammad Jafari Eskandari"}]},{id:"38543",title:"Application of FTIR Spectroscopy in Environmental Studies",slug:"application-of-ftir-spectroscopy-in-environmental-studies",totalDownloads:27659,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:42,abstract:null,book:{id:"2397",slug:"advanced-aspects-of-spectroscopy",title:"Advanced Aspects of Spectroscopy",fullTitle:"Advanced Aspects of Spectroscopy"},signatures:"Claudia Maria Simonescu",authors:[{id:"142381",title:"Dr.",name:"Claudia Maria",middleName:null,surname:"Simonescu",slug:"claudia-maria-simonescu",fullName:"Claudia Maria Simonescu"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicId:"228",limit:6,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},subscriptionForm:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:8,limit:8,total:0},allSeries:{pteSeriesList:[{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",numberOfPublishedBooks:9,numberOfPublishedChapters:89,numberOfOpenTopics:6,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2633-1403",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"7",title:"Biomedical Engineering",numberOfPublishedBooks:12,numberOfPublishedChapters:104,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-5343",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71985",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],lsSeriesList:[{id:"11",title:"Biochemistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:32,numberOfPublishedChapters:318,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0983",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72877",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"25",title:"Environmental Sciences",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:12,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2754-6713",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100362",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"10",title:"Physiology",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:141,numberOfOpenTopics:4,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-8261",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72796",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],hsSeriesList:[{id:"3",title:"Dentistry",numberOfPublishedBooks:8,numberOfPublishedChapters:129,numberOfOpenTopics:2,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2631-6218",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71199",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"6",title:"Infectious Diseases",numberOfPublishedBooks:13,numberOfPublishedChapters:113,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:"2631-6188",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71852",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"13",title:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",numberOfPublishedBooks:11,numberOfPublishedChapters:106,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2632-0517",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73681",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],sshSeriesList:[{id:"22",title:"Business, Management and Economics",numberOfPublishedBooks:1,numberOfPublishedChapters:19,numberOfOpenTopics:3,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:"2753-894X",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100359",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"23",title:"Education and Human Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:5,numberOfOpenTopics:1,numberOfUpcomingTopics:1,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100360",isOpenForSubmission:!0},{id:"24",title:"Sustainable Development",numberOfPublishedBooks:0,numberOfPublishedChapters:15,numberOfOpenTopics:5,numberOfUpcomingTopics:0,issn:null,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.100361",isOpenForSubmission:!0}],testimonialsList:[{id:"13",text:"The collaboration with and support of the technical staff of IntechOpen is fantastic. The whole process of submitting an article and editing of the submitted article goes extremely smooth and fast, the number of reads and downloads of chapters is high, and the contributions are also frequently cited.",author:{id:"55578",name:"Antonio",surname:"Jurado-Navas",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRisIQAS/Profile_Picture_1626166543950",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",institution:{id:"720",name:"University of Malaga",country:{id:null,name:"Spain"}}}},{id:"6",text:"It is great to work with the IntechOpen to produce a worthwhile collection of research that also becomes a great educational resource and guide for future research endeavors.",author:{id:"259298",name:"Edward",surname:"Narayan",institutionString:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259298/images/system/259298.jpeg",slug:"edward-narayan",institution:{id:"3",name:"University of Queensland",country:{id:null,name:"Australia"}}}}]},series:{item:{id:"14",title:"Artificial Intelligence",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79920",issn:"2633-1403",scope:"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly developing multidisciplinary research area that aims to solve increasingly complex problems. 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He is a full professor of signal processing and pattern recognition and is head of the Signals and Communications Department at ULPGC, teaching from 2001 on subjects on signal processing and learning theory. His research lines are biometrics, biomedical signals and images, data mining, classification system, signal and image processing, machine learning, and environmental intelligence. He has researched in 52 international and Spanish research projects, some of them as head researcher. He is co-author of 4 books, co-editor of 27 proceedings books, guest editor for 8 JCR-ISI international journals, and up to 24 book chapters. He has over 450 papers published in international journals and conferences (81 of them indexed on JCR – ISI - Web of Science). He has published seven patents in the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office. He has been a supervisor on 8 Ph.D. theses (11 more are under supervision), and 130 master theses. He is the founder of The IEEE IWOBI conference series and the president of its Steering Committee, as well as the founder of both the InnoEducaTIC and APPIS conference series. He is an evaluator of project proposals for the European Union (H2020), Medical Research Council (MRC, UK), Spanish Government (ANECA, Spain), Research National Agency (ANR, France), DAAD (Germany), Argentinian Government, and the Colombian Institutions. He has been a reviewer in different indexed international journals (<70) and conferences (<250) since 2001. He has been a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Image Processing from 2007 and a member of the IASTED Technical Committee on Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems from 2011. \n\nHe has held the general chair position for the following: ACM-APPIS (2020, 2021), IEEE-IWOBI (2019, 2020 and 2020), A PPIS (2018, 2019), IEEE-IWOBI (2014, 2015, 2017, 2018), InnoEducaTIC (2014, 2017), IEEE-INES (2013), NoLISP (2011), JRBP (2012), and IEEE-ICCST (2005)\n\nHe is an associate editor of the Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience Journal (Hindawi – Q2 JCR-ISI). He was vice dean from 2004 to 2010 in the Higher Technical School of Telecommunication Engineers at ULPGC and the vice dean of Graduate and Postgraduate Studies from March 2013 to November 2017. He won the “Catedra Telefonica” Awards in Modality of Knowledge Transfer, 2017, 2018, and 2019 editions, and awards in Modality of COVID Research in 2020.\n\nPublic References:\nResearcher ID http://www.researcherid.com/rid/N-5967-2014\nORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-2768 \nScopus Author ID https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602376272\nScholar Google https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=G1ks9nIAAAAJ&hl=en \nResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carlos_Travieso",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"23",title:"Computational Neuroscience",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/23.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"14004",title:"Dr.",name:"Magnus",middleName:null,surname:"Johnsson",slug:"magnus-johnsson",fullName:"Magnus Johnsson",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/14004/images/system/14004.png",biography:"Dr Magnus Johnsson is a cross-disciplinary scientist, lecturer, scientific editor and AI/machine learning consultant from Sweden. \n\nHe is currently at Malmö University in Sweden, but also held positions at Lund University in Sweden and at Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. \nHe holds editorial positions at several international scientific journals and has served as a scientific editor for books and special journal issues. \nHis research interests are wide and include, but are not limited to, autonomous systems, computer modeling, artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive robotics, cognitive architectures, cognitive aids and the philosophy of mind. \n\nDr. Johnsson has experience from working in the industry and he has a keen interest in the application of neural networks and artificial intelligence to fields like industry, finance, and medicine. \n\nWeb page: www.magnusjohnsson.se",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Malmö University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"24",title:"Computer Vision",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/24.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"294154",title:"Prof.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Papakostas",slug:"george-papakostas",fullName:"George Papakostas",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002hYaGbQAK/Profile_Picture_1624519712088",biography:"George A. 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He has (co)authored more than 150 publications in indexed journals, international conferences and book chapters, 1 book (in Greek), 3 edited books, and 5 journal special issues. His publications have more than 2100 citations with h-index 27 (GoogleScholar). His research interests include computer/machine vision, machine learning, pattern recognition, computational intelligence. \nDr. Papakostas served as a reviewer in numerous journals, as a program\ncommittee member in international conferences and he is a member of the IAENG, MIR Labs, EUCogIII, INSTICC and the Technical Chamber of Greece (TEE).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"International Hellenic University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Greece"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"25",title:"Evolutionary Computation",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/25.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"136112",title:"Dr.",name:"Sebastian",middleName:null,surname:"Ventura Soto",slug:"sebastian-ventura-soto",fullName:"Sebastian Ventura Soto",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/136112/images/system/136112.png",biography:"Sebastian Ventura is a Spanish researcher, a full professor with the Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of Córdoba. Dr Ventura also holds the positions of Affiliated Professor at Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond, USA) and Distinguished Adjunct Professor at King Abdulaziz University (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). Additionally, he is deputy director of the Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI) and heads the Knowledge Discovery and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory. He has published more than ten books and over 300 articles in journals and scientific conferences. Currently, his work has received over 18,000 citations according to Google Scholar, including more than 2200 citations in 2020. In the last five years, he has published more than 60 papers in international journals indexed in the JCR (around 70% of them belonging to first quartile journals) and he has edited some Springer books “Supervised Descriptive Pattern Mining” (2018), “Multiple Instance Learning - Foundations and Algorithms” (2016), and “Pattern Mining with Evolutionary Algorithms” (2016). He has also been involved in more than 20 research projects supported by the Spanish and Andalusian governments and the European Union. He currently belongs to the editorial board of PeerJ Computer Science, Information Fusion and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence journals, being also associate editor of Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing and IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics. Finally, he is editor-in-chief of Progress in Artificial Intelligence. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE Computer, the IEEE Computational Intelligence, and the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Societies, and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Finally, his main research interests include data science, computational intelligence, and their applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Córdoba",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"26",title:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/26.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"24555",title:"Dr.",name:"Marco Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Aceves Fernandez",slug:"marco-antonio-aceves-fernandez",fullName:"Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/24555/images/system/24555.jpg",biography:"Dr. Marco Antonio Aceves Fernandez obtained his B.Sc. (Eng.) in Telematics from the Universidad de Colima, Mexico. He obtained both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, England, in the field of Intelligent Systems. He is a full professor at the Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Mexico, and a member of the National System of Researchers (SNI) since 2009. Dr. Aceves Fernandez has published more than 80 research papers as well as a number of book chapters and congress papers. He has contributed in more than 20 funded research projects, both academic and industrial, in the area of artificial intelligence, ranging from environmental, biomedical, automotive, aviation, consumer, and robotics to other applications. He is also a honorary president at the National Association of Embedded Systems (AMESE), a senior member of the IEEE, and a board member of many institutions. His research interests include intelligent and embedded systems.",institutionString:"Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro",institution:{name:"Autonomous University of Queretaro",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Mexico"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null},{id:"27",title:"Multi-Agent Systems",coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/27.jpg",isOpenForSubmission:!0,editor:{id:"148497",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehmet",middleName:"Emin",surname:"Aydin",slug:"mehmet-aydin",fullName:"Mehmet Aydin",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/148497/images/system/148497.jpg",biography:"Dr. Mehmet Emin Aydin is a Senior Lecturer with the Department of Computer Science and Creative Technology, the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. His research interests include swarm intelligence, parallel and distributed metaheuristics, machine learning, intelligent agents and multi-agent systems, resource planning, scheduling and optimization, combinatorial optimization. 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Saxena",hash:"d92a4085627bab25ddc7942fbf44cf05",volumeInSeries:2,fullTitle:"Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus",editors:[{id:"158026",title:"Prof.",name:"Shailendra K.",middleName:null,surname:"Saxena",slug:"shailendra-k.-saxena",fullName:"Shailendra K. Saxena",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRET3QAO/Profile_Picture_2022-05-10T10:10:26.jpeg",institutionString:"King George's Medical University",institution:{name:"King George's Medical University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null}]},subseriesFiltersForPublishedBooks:[{group:"subseries",caption:"Bacterial Infectious Diseases",value:3,count:2},{group:"subseries",caption:"Parasitic Infectious Diseases",value:5,count:4},{group:"subseries",caption:"Viral Infectious Diseases",value:6,count:7}],publicationYearFilters:[{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2022",value:2022,count:2},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2021",value:2021,count:4},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2020",value:2020,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2019",value:2019,count:3},{group:"publicationYear",caption:"2018",value:2018,count:1}],authors:{paginationCount:148,paginationItems:[{id:"165328",title:"Dr.",name:"Vahid",middleName:null,surname:"Asadpour",slug:"vahid-asadpour",fullName:"Vahid Asadpour",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165328/images/system/165328.jpg",biography:"Vahid Asadpour, MS, Ph.D., is currently with the Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California. He has both an MS and Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering. He was previously a research scientist at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and visiting professor and researcher at the University of North Dakota. He is currently working in artificial intelligence and its applications in medical signal processing. In addition, he is using digital signal processing in medical imaging and speech processing. Dr. Asadpour has developed brain-computer interfacing algorithms and has published books, book chapters, and several journal and conference papers in this field and other areas of intelligent signal processing. He has also designed medical devices, including a laser Doppler monitoring system.",institutionString:"Kaiser Permanente Southern California",institution:null},{id:"169608",title:"Prof.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Găiceanu",slug:"marian-gaiceanu",fullName:"Marian Găiceanu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/169608/images/system/169608.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Marian Gaiceanu graduated from the Naval and Electrical Engineering Faculty, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania, in 1997. He received a Ph.D. (Magna Cum Laude) in Electrical Engineering in 2002. Since 2017, Dr. Gaiceanu has been a Ph.D. supervisor for students in Electrical Engineering. He has been employed at Dunarea de Jos University of Galati since 1996, where he is currently a professor. Dr. Gaiceanu is a member of the National Council for Attesting Titles, Diplomas and Certificates, an expert of the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research Funding, and a member of the Senate of the Dunarea de Jos University of Galati. He has been the head of the Integrated Energy Conversion Systems and Advanced Control of Complex Processes Research Center, Romania, since 2016. He has conducted several projects in power converter systems for electrical drives, power quality, PEM and SOFC fuel cell power converters for utilities, electric vehicles, and marine applications with the Department of Regulation and Control, SIEI S.pA. (2002–2004) and the Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy (2002–2004, 2006–2007). He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and cofounder-member of the IEEE Power Electronics Romanian Chapter. He is a guest editor at Energies and an academic book editor for IntechOpen. He is also a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Control and Computer Science and Sustainability. Dr. Gaiceanu has been General Chairman of the IEEE International Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the last six editions.",institutionString:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',institution:{name:'"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati',country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"4519",title:"Prof.",name:"Jaydip",middleName:null,surname:"Sen",slug:"jaydip-sen",fullName:"Jaydip Sen",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/4519/images/system/4519.jpeg",biography:"Jaydip Sen is associated with Praxis Business School, Kolkata, India, as a professor in the Department of Data Science. His research areas include security and privacy issues in computing and communication, intrusion detection systems, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence in the financial domain. He has more than 200 publications in reputed international journals, refereed conference proceedings, and 20 book chapters in books published by internationally renowned publishing houses, such as Springer, CRC press, IGI Global, etc. Currently, he is serving on the editorial board of the prestigious journal Frontiers in Communications and Networks and in the technical program committees of a number of high-ranked international conferences organized by the IEEE, USA, and the ACM, USA. He has been listed among the top 2% of scientists in the world for the last three consecutive years, 2019 to 2021 as per studies conducted by the Stanford University, USA.",institutionString:"Praxis Business School",institution:null},{id:"320071",title:"Dr.",name:"Sidra",middleName:null,surname:"Mehtab",slug:"sidra-mehtab",fullName:"Sidra Mehtab",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y00002v6KHoQAM/Profile_Picture_1584512086360",biography:"Sidra Mehtab has completed her BS with honors in Physics from Calcutta University, India in 2018. She has done MS in Data Science and Analytics from Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (MAKAUT), Kolkata, India in 2020. Her research areas include Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Computer and Network Security with a particular focus on Cyber Security Analytics. Ms. Mehtab has published seven papers in international conferences and one of her papers has been accepted for publication in a reputable international journal. She has won the best paper awards in two prestigious international conferences – BAICONF 2019, and ICADCML 2021, organized in the Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore, India in December 2019, and SOA University, Bhubaneswar, India in January 2021. Besides, Ms. Mehtab has also published two book chapters in two books. Seven of her book chapters will be published in a volume shortly in 2021 by Cambridge Scholars’ Press, UK. Currently, she is working as the joint editor of two edited volumes on Time Series Analysis and Forecasting to be published in the first half of 2021 by an international house. Currently, she is working as a Data Scientist with an MNC in Delhi, India.",institutionString:"NSHM College of Management and Technology",institution:null},{id:"226240",title:"Dr.",name:"Andri Irfan",middleName:null,surname:"Rifai",slug:"andri-irfan-rifai",fullName:"Andri Irfan Rifai",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/226240/images/7412_n.jpg",biography:"Andri IRFAN is a Senior Lecturer of Civil Engineering and Planning. He completed the PhD at the Universitas Indonesia & Universidade do Minho with Sandwich Program Scholarship from the Directorate General of Higher Education and LPDP scholarship. He has been teaching for more than 19 years and much active to applied his knowledge in the project construction in Indonesia. His research interest ranges from pavement management system to advanced data mining techniques for transportation engineering. He has published more than 50 papers in journals and 2 books.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universitas Internasional Batam",country:{name:"Indonesia"}}},{id:"314576",title:"Dr.",name:"Ibai",middleName:null,surname:"Laña",slug:"ibai-lana",fullName:"Ibai Laña",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314576/images/system/314576.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ibai Laña works at TECNALIA as a data analyst. He received his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain, in 2018. He is currently a senior researcher at TECNALIA. His research interests fall within the intersection of intelligent transportation systems, machine learning, traffic data analysis, and data science. He has dealt with urban traffic forecasting problems, applying machine learning models and evolutionary algorithms. He has experience in origin-destination matrix estimation or point of interest and trajectory detection. Working with large volumes of data has given him a good command of big data processing tools and NoSQL databases. He has also been a visiting scholar at the Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"314575",title:"Dr.",name:"Jesus",middleName:null,surname:"L. Lobo",slug:"jesus-l.-lobo",fullName:"Jesus L. Lobo",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/314575/images/system/314575.png",biography:"Dr. Jesús López is currently based in Bilbao (Spain) working at TECNALIA as Artificial Intelligence Research Scientist. In most cases, a project idea or a new research line needs to be investigated to see if it is good enough to take into production or to focus on it. That is exactly what he does, diving into Machine Learning algorithms and technologies to help TECNALIA to decide whether something is great in theory or will actually impact on the product or processes of its projects. So, he is expert at framing experiments, developing hypotheses, and proving whether they’re true or not, in order to investigate fundamental problems with a longer time horizon. He is also able to design and develop PoCs and system prototypes in simulation. He has participated in several national and internacional R&D projects.\n\nAs another relevant part of his everyday research work, he usually publishes his findings in reputed scientific refereed journals and international conferences, occasionally acting as reviewer and Programme Commitee member. Concretely, since 2018 he has published 9 JCR (8 Q1) journal papers, 9 conference papers (e.g. ECML PKDD 2021), and he has co-edited a book. He is also active in popular science writing data science stories for reputed blogs (KDNuggets, TowardsDataScience, Naukas). Besides, he has recently embarked on mentoring programmes as mentor, and has also worked as data science trainer.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"103779",title:"Prof.",name:"Yalcin",middleName:null,surname:"Isler",slug:"yalcin-isler",fullName:"Yalcin Isler",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRyQ8QAK/Profile_Picture_1628834958734",biography:"Yalcin Isler (1971 - Burdur / Turkey) received the B.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, in 1993, the M.Sc. degree from the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey, in 1996, the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey, in 2009, and the Competence of Associate Professorship from the Turkish Interuniversity Council in 2019.\n\nHe was Lecturer at Burdur Vocational School in Suleyman Demirel University (1993-2000, Burdur / Turkey), Software Engineer (2000-2002, Izmir / Turkey), Research Assistant in Bulent Ecevit University (2002-2003, Zonguldak / Turkey), Research Assistant in Dokuz Eylul University (2003-2010, Izmir / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in Bulent Ecevit University (2010-2012, Zonguldak / Turkey), Assistant Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Izmir Katip Celebi University (2012-2019, Izmir / Turkey). He is an Associate Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir / Turkey, since 2019. In addition to academics, he has also founded Islerya Medical and Information Technologies Company, Izmir / Turkey, since 2017.\n\nHis main research interests cover biomedical signal processing, pattern recognition, medical device design, programming, and embedded systems. He has many scientific papers and participated in several projects in these study fields. He was an IEEE Student Member (2009-2011) and IEEE Member (2011-2014) and has been IEEE Senior Member since 2014.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Izmir Kâtip Çelebi University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"339677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mrinmoy",middleName:null,surname:"Roy",slug:"mrinmoy-roy",fullName:"Mrinmoy Roy",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/339677/images/16768_n.jpg",biography:"An accomplished Sales & Marketing professional with 12 years of cross-functional experience in well-known organisations such as CIPLA, LUPIN, GLENMARK, ASTRAZENECA across different segment of Sales & Marketing, International Business, Institutional Business, Product Management, Strategic Marketing of HIV, Oncology, Derma, Respiratory, Anti-Diabetic, Nutraceutical & Stomatological Product Portfolio and Generic as well as Chronic Critical Care Portfolio. A First Class MBA in International Business & Strategic Marketing, B.Pharm, D.Pharm, Google Certified Digital Marketing Professional. Qualified PhD Candidate in Operations and Management with special focus on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning adoption, analysis and use in Healthcare, Hospital & Pharma Domain. Seasoned with diverse therapy area of Pharmaceutical Sales & Marketing ranging from generating revenue through generating prescriptions, launching new products, and making them big brands with continuous strategy execution at the Physician and Patients level. Moved from Sales to Marketing and Business Development for 3.5 years in South East Asian Market operating from Manila, Philippines. Came back to India and handled and developed Brands such as Gluconorm, Lupisulin, Supracal, Absolut Woman, Hemozink, Fabiflu (For COVID 19), and many more. In my previous assignment I used to develop and execute strategies on Sales & Marketing, Commercialization & Business Development for Institution and Corporate Hospital Business portfolio of Oncology Therapy Area for AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd. Being a Research Scholar and Student of ‘Operations Research & Management: Artificial Intelligence’ I published several pioneer research papers and book chapters on the same in Internationally reputed journals and Books indexed in Scopus, Springer and Ei Compendex, Google Scholar etc. Currently, I am launching PGDM Pharmaceutical Management Program in IIHMR Bangalore and spearheading the course curriculum and structure of the same. I am interested in Collaboration for Healthcare Innovation, Pharma AI Innovation, Future trend in Marketing and Management with incubation on Healthcare, Healthcare IT startups, AI-ML Modelling and Healthcare Algorithm based training module development. I am also an affiliated member of the Institute of Management Consultant of India, looking forward to Healthcare, Healthcare IT and Innovation, Pharma and Hospital Management Consulting works.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Lovely Professional University",country:{name:"India"}}},{id:"310576",title:"Prof.",name:"Erick Giovani",middleName:null,surname:"Sperandio Nascimento",slug:"erick-giovani-sperandio-nascimento",fullName:"Erick Giovani Sperandio Nascimento",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://intech-files.s3.amazonaws.com/0033Y00002pDKxDQAW/ProfilePicture%202022-06-20%2019%3A57%3A24.788",biography:"Prof. Erick Sperandio is the Lead Researcher and professor of Artificial Intelligence (AI) at SENAI CIMATEC, Bahia, Brazil, also working with Computational Modeling (CM) and HPC. He holds a PhD in Environmental Engineering in the area of Atmospheric Computational Modeling, a Master in Informatics in the field of Computational Intelligence and Graduated in Computer Science from UFES. He currently coordinates, leads and participates in R&D projects in the areas of AI, computational modeling and supercomputing applied to different areas such as Oil and Gas, Health, Advanced Manufacturing, Renewable Energies and Atmospheric Sciences, advising undergraduate, master's and doctoral students. He is the Lead Researcher at SENAI CIMATEC's Reference Center on Artificial Intelligence. In addition, he is a Certified Instructor and University Ambassador of the NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute (DLI) in the areas of Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing and Recommender Systems, and Principal Investigator of the NVIDIA/CIMATEC AI Joint Lab, the first in Latin America within the NVIDIA AI Technology Center (NVAITC) worldwide program. He also works as a researcher at the Supercomputing Center for Industrial Innovation (CS2i) and at the SENAI Institute of Innovation for Automation (ISI Automação), both from SENAI CIMATEC. He is a member and vice-coordinator of the Basic Board of Scientific-Technological Advice and Evaluation, in the area of Innovation, of the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Bahia (FAPESB). He serves as Technology Transfer Coordinator and one of the Principal Investigators at the National Applied Research Center in Artificial Intelligence (CPA-IA) of SENAI CIMATEC, focusing on Industry, being one of the six CPA-IA in Brazil approved by MCTI / FAPESP / CGI.br. He also participates as one of the representatives of Brazil in the BRICS Innovation Collaboration Working Group on HPC, ICT and AI. He is the coordinator of the Work Group of the Axis 5 - Workforce and Training - of the Brazilian Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (EBIA), and member of the MCTI/EMBRAPII AI Innovation Network Training Committee. He is the coordinator, by SENAI CIMATEC, of the Artificial Intelligence Reference Network of the State of Bahia (REDE BAH.IA). He leads the working group of experts representing Brazil in the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), on the theme \"AI and the Pandemic Response\".",institutionString:"Manufacturing and Technology Integrated Campus – SENAI CIMATEC",institution:null},{id:"1063",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Volosencu",slug:"constantin-volosencu",fullName:"Constantin Volosencu",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/1063/images/system/1063.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Constantin Voloşencu graduated as an engineer from\nPolitehnica University of Timișoara, Romania, where he also\nobtained a doctorate degree. He is currently a full professor in\nthe Department of Automation and Applied Informatics at the\nsame university. Dr. Voloşencu is the author of ten books, seven\nbook chapters, and more than 160 papers published in journals\nand conference proceedings. He has also edited twelve books and\nhas twenty-seven patents to his name. He is a manager of research grants, editor in\nchief and member of international journal editorial boards, a former plenary speaker, a member of scientific committees, and chair at international conferences. His\nresearch is in the fields of control systems, control of electric drives, fuzzy control\nsystems, neural network applications, fault detection and diagnosis, sensor network\napplications, monitoring of distributed parameter systems, and power ultrasound\napplications. He has developed automation equipment for machine tools, spooling\nmachines, high-power ultrasound processes, and more.",institutionString:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",institution:{name:"Polytechnic University of Timişoara",country:{name:"Romania"}}},{id:"221364",title:"Dr.",name:"Eneko",middleName:null,surname:"Osaba",slug:"eneko-osaba",fullName:"Eneko Osaba",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/221364/images/system/221364.jpg",biography:"Dr. Eneko Osaba works at TECNALIA as a senior researcher. He obtained his Ph.D. in Artificial Intelligence in 2015. He has participated in more than twenty-five local and European research projects, and in the publication of more than 130 papers. He has performed several stays at universities in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Malta. Dr. Osaba has served as a program committee member in more than forty international conferences and participated in organizing activities in more than ten international conferences. He is a member of the editorial board of the International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data in Brief, and Journal of Advanced Transportation. He is also a guest editor for the Journal of Computational Science, Neurocomputing, Swarm, and Evolutionary Computation and IEEE ITS Magazine.",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"275829",title:"Dr.",name:"Esther",middleName:null,surname:"Villar-Rodriguez",slug:"esther-villar-rodriguez",fullName:"Esther Villar-Rodriguez",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/275829/images/system/275829.jpg",biography:"Dr. Esther Villar obtained a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technologies from the University of Alcalá, Spain, in 2015. She obtained a degree in Computer Science from the University of Deusto, Spain, in 2010, and an MSc in Computer Languages and Systems from the National University of Distance Education, Spain, in 2012. Her areas of interest and knowledge include natural language processing (NLP), detection of impersonation in social networks, semantic web, and machine learning. Dr. Esther Villar made several contributions at conferences and publishing in various journals in those fields. Currently, she is working within the OPTIMA (Optimization Modeling & Analytics) business of TECNALIA’s ICT Division as a data scientist in projects related to the prediction and optimization of management and industrial processes (resource planning, energy efficiency, etc).",institutionString:"TECNALIA Research & Innovation",institution:{name:"Tecnalia",country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser",slug:"javier-del-ser",fullName:"Javier Del Ser",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/49813/images/system/49813.png",biography:"Prof. Dr. Javier Del Ser received his first PhD in Telecommunication Engineering (Cum Laude) from the University of Navarra, Spain, in 2006, and a second PhD in Computational Intelligence (Summa Cum Laude) from the University of Alcala, Spain, in 2013. He is currently a principal researcher in data analytics and optimisation at TECNALIA (Spain), a visiting fellow at the Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM) and a part-time lecturer at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). His research interests gravitate on the use of descriptive, prescriptive and predictive algorithms for data mining and optimization in a diverse range of application fields such as Energy, Transport, Telecommunications, Health and Industry, among others. In these fields he has published more than 240 articles, co-supervised 8 Ph.D. theses, edited 6 books, coauthored 7 patents and participated/led more than 40 research projects. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, and a recipient of the Biscay Talent prize for his academic career.",institutionString:"Tecnalia Research & Innovation",institution:null},{id:"278948",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos Pedro",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",slug:"carlos-pedro-goncalves",fullName:"Carlos Pedro Gonçalves",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRcmyQAC/Profile_Picture_1564224512145",biography:'Carlos Pedro Gonçalves (PhD) is an Associate Professor at Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies and a researcher on Complexity Sciences, Quantum Technologies, Artificial Intelligence, Strategic Studies, Studies in Intelligence and Security, FinTech and Financial Risk Modeling. He is also a progammer with programming experience in:\n\nA) Quantum Computing using Qiskit Python module and IBM Quantum Experience Platform, with software developed on the simulation of Quantum Artificial Neural Networks and Quantum Cybersecurity;\n\nB) Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning programming in Python;\n\nC) Artificial Intelligence, Multiagent Systems Modeling and System Dynamics Modeling in Netlogo, with models developed in the areas of Chaos Theory, Econophysics, Artificial Intelligence, Classical and Quantum Complex Systems Science, with the Econophysics models having been cited worldwide and incorporated in PhD programs by different Universities.\n\nReceived an Arctic Code Vault Contributor status by GitHub, due to having developed open source software preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\" for future generations (https://archiveprogram.github.com/arctic-vault/), with the Strategy Analyzer A.I. module for decision making support (based on his PhD thesis, used in his Classes on Decision Making and in Strategic Intelligence Consulting Activities) and QNeural Python Quantum Neural Network simulator also preserved in the \\"Arctic Code Vault\\", for access to these software modules see: https://github.com/cpgoncalves. He is also a peer reviewer with outsanding review status from Elsevier journals, including Physica A, Neurocomputing and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Science CV available at: https://www.cienciavitae.pt//pt/8E1C-A8B3-78C5 and ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-3974',institutionString:"University of Lisbon",institution:{name:"Universidade Lusófona",country:{name:"Portugal"}}},{id:"241400",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Bsiss",slug:"mohammed-bsiss",fullName:"Mohammed Bsiss",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/241400/images/8062_n.jpg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"276128",title:"Dr.",name:"Hira",middleName:null,surname:"Fatima",slug:"hira-fatima",fullName:"Hira Fatima",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/276128/images/14420_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Hira Fatima\nAssistant Professor\nDepartment of Mathematics\nInstitute of Applied Science\nMangalayatan University, Aligarh\nMobile: no : 8532041179\nhirafatima2014@gmal.com\n\nDr. Hira Fatima has received his Ph.D. degree in pure Mathematics from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh India. Currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied Science, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh. She taught so many courses of Mathematics of UG and PG level. Her research Area of Expertise is Functional Analysis & Sequence Spaces. She has been working on Ideal Convergence of double sequence. She has published 17 research papers in National and International Journals including Cogent Mathematics, Filomat, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, Advances in Difference Equations, Journal of Mathematical Analysis, Journal of Mathematical & Computer Science etc. She has also reviewed few research papers for the and international journals. 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Topics include, but are not limited to: Advanced techniques of cellular and molecular biology (Molecular methodologies, imaging techniques, and bioinformatics); Biological activities at the molecular level; Biological processes of cell functions, cell division, senescence, maintenance, and cell death; Biomolecules interactions; Cancer; Cell biology; Chemical biology; Computational biology; Cytochemistry; Developmental biology; Disease mechanisms and therapeutics; DNA, and RNA metabolism; Gene functions, genetics, and genomics; Genetics; Immunology; Medical microbiology; Molecular biology; Molecular genetics; Molecular processes of cell and organelle dynamics; Neuroscience; Protein biosynthesis, degradation, and functions; Regulation of molecular interactions in a cell; Signalling networks and system biology; Structural biology; Virology and microbiology.",annualVolume:11410,isOpenForSubmission:!0,coverUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/series_topics/covers/14.jpg",editor:{id:"165627",title:"Dr.",name:"Rosa María",middleName:null,surname:"Martínez-Espinosa",fullName:"Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/165627/images/system/165627.jpeg",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Alicante",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},editorTwo:null,editorThree:null,editorialBoard:[{id:"79367",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Isabel",middleName:null,surname:"Flores",fullName:"Ana Isabel Flores",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bRpIOQA0/Profile_Picture_1632418099564",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}},{id:"328234",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Christian",middleName:null,surname:"Palavecino",fullName:"Christian Palavecino",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0033Y000030DhEhQAK/Profile_Picture_1628835318625",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Central University of Chile",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Chile"}}},{id:"186585",title:"Dr.",name:"Francisco Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Romero",fullName:"Francisco Javier Martin-Romero",profilePictureURL:"https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/intech-files/0030O00002bSB3HQAW/Profile_Picture_1631258137641",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Extremadura",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Spain"}}}]},{id:"15",title:"Chemical Biology",keywords:"Phenolic Compounds, Essential Oils, Modification of Biomolecules, Glycobiology, Combinatorial Chemistry, Therapeutic peptides, Enzyme Inhibitors",scope:"Chemical biology spans the fields of chemistry and biology involving the application of biological and chemical molecules and techniques. 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Behind these definitions are hidden all the aspects of normal and pathological functioning of all processes that the topic ‘Metabolism’ will cover within the Biochemistry Series. 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Thus proteomics, an area of research that detects all protein forms expressed in an organism, including splice isoforms and post-translational modifications, is more suitable than genomics for a comprehensive understanding of the biochemical processes that govern life. The most common proteomics applications are currently in the clinical field for the identification, in a variety of biological matrices, of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of disorders. From the comparison of proteomic profiles of control and disease or different physiological states, which may emerge, changes in protein expression can provide new insights into the roles played by some proteins in human pathologies. Understanding how proteins function and interact with each other is another goal of proteomics that makes this approach even more intriguing. Specialized technology and expertise are required to assess the proteome of any biological sample. 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