TY - CHAP AU - Sabrina Roguai AU - Abdelkader Djelloul ED - Alicia Esther Ares Y1 - 2021-05-10 PY - 2021 T1 - Roles of Cobalt Doping on Structural and Optical of ZnO Thin Films by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis N2 - Thin films can be used for a variety of applications. The engineering of thin films is complicated by the fact that their physics is not well understood. The vast varieties of thin film materials, their deposition, processing and fabrication techniques, optical characterization probes, physical properties, spectroscopic characterization, and properties–structure relationships are the key features of such devices and the basis of thin film technologies. Depending on the desired properties, several techniques have been developed for the deposition of thin films of metals, alloys, ceramics, polymers, and superconductors on a variety of substrate materials. The book describes several principles and applications. BT - Thin Films SP - Ch. 5 UR - https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95920 DO - 10.5772/intechopen.95920 SN - 978-1-83881-993-4 PB - IntechOpen CY - Rijeka Y2 - 2024-04-19 ER -