TY - CHAP AU - Puran Bridgemohan AU - Majeed Mohammed ED - Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira Y1 - 2019-03-08 PY - 2019 T1 - The Ecophysiology of Abiotic and Biotic Stress on the Pollination and Fertilization of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.; formerly Sterculiaceae family) N2 - Plants are subjected to numerous environmental stresses, which can be classified into two broad areas: abiotic and biotic stresses. While the first is considered the damage done to an organism by other living organisms, the latter occurs as a result of a negative impact of non-living factors on the organisms. In this scenario, the current most accepted opinion of scientists is that both biotic and abiotic factors in nature and agroecosystems are affected by climate change, which may lead to significant crop yield decreases worldwide. We should take into consideration not only this environmental concern but also the fact that 20 years from now the earth's population will need 55% more food than it can produce now. Therefore, it is crucial to address such concerns and bring about possible solutions to future plant stress-related outcomes that might affect global agriculture. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of both biotic and abiotic stresses through 10 chapters that include case studies and literature reviews about these topics. There will be a particular focus on understanding the physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes observed in stressed plants as well as the mechanisms underlying stress tolerance in plants. BT - Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants SP - Ch. 2 UR - https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84528 DO - 10.5772/intechopen.84528 SN - 978-1-78923-812-9 PB - IntechOpen CY - Rijeka Y2 - 2024-04-27 ER -