TY - CHAP AU - Jerzy Dryzek ED - Ying Zhou ED - Fan Dong ED - Shengming Jin Y1 - 2018-06-20 PY - 2018 T1 - Application of Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy Studies of Bismuth and Subsurface Zone Induced by Sliding N2 - Bismuth (Bi) is a post-transition metal element with the atomic number of 83, which belongs to the pnictogen group elements in Period 6 in the elemental periodic table. As a heavy metal, the hazard of Bi is unusually low in contrast to its neighbors Pb and Sb. This property, along with other typical characteristics like strong diamagnetism and low thermal conductivity, makes Bi attractive in industrial applications. There are more than 100 commercial bismuth products, from pharmaceutical to industrial catalysts. Based on the wide applications of Bi materials, this book goes further and mainly focuses on the potential uses of Bi-based materials, which consist of nine chapters. In addition, a special chapter concerning the defect in bismuth is also presented. BT - Bismuth SP - Ch. 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75269 DO - 10.5772/intechopen.75269 SN - 978-1-78923-263-9 PB - IntechOpen CY - Rijeka Y2 - 2024-03-29 ER -