TY - CHAP AU - Iwona Stanislawska AU - Tamara Gulyaeva ED - Shuanggen Jin Y1 - 2015-03-11 PY - 2015 T1 - Ionospheric W Index Based on GNSS TEC in the Operational Use for Navigation Systems N2 - Satellite positioning techniques, particularly global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), are capable of measuring small changes of the Earths shape and atmosphere, as well as surface characteristics with an unprecedented accuracy. This book is devoted to presenting recent results and development in satellite positioning technique and applications, including GNSS positioning methods, models, atmospheric sounding, and reflectometry as well their applications in the atmosphere, land, oceans and cryosphere. This book provides a good reference for satellite positioning techniques, engineers, scientists as well as user community. BT - Satellite Positioning SP - Ch. 7 UR - https://doi.org/10.5772/59902 DO - 10.5772/59902 SN - PB - IntechOpen CY - Rijeka Y2 - 2024-04-18 ER -