TY - CHAP AU - Antonina Di Benedetto AU - Salvatore Arena AU - Francesco Arena AU - Carmelo Romeo AU - Piero Antonio Nicò€tina AU - Carlo Magno ED - Oliver Vonend ED - Siegfried Eckert Y1 - 2011-09-15 PY - 2011 T1 - Pacemakers in the Upper Urinary Tract N2 - Outstanding steps forward were made in the last decades in terms of identification of endogenous pacemakers and the exploration of their controllability. New "artifical" devices were developed and are now able to do much more than solely pacemaking of the heart. In this book different aspects of pacemaker - functions and interactions, in various organ systems were examined. In addition, various areas of application and the potential side effects and complications of the devices were discussed. BT - Aspects of Pacemakers SP - Ch. 10 UR - https://doi.org/10.5772/23312 DO - 10.5772/23312 SN - PB - IntechOpen CY - Rijeka Y2 - 2024-04-26 ER -