\\n\\n
Released this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\\n\\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\\n"}]',published:!0,mainMedia:null},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'IntechOpen is proud to announce that 191 of our authors have made the Clarivate™ Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020, ranking them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nThroughout the years, the list has named a total of 261 IntechOpen authors as Highly Cited. Of those researchers, 69 have been featured on the list multiple times.
\n\n\n\nReleased this past November, the list is based on data collected from the Web of Science and highlights some of the world’s most influential scientific minds by naming the researchers whose publications over the previous decade have included a high number of Highly Cited Papers placing them among the top 1% most-cited.
\n\nWe wish to congratulate all of the researchers named and especially our authors on this amazing accomplishment! We are happy and proud to share in their success!
Note: Edited in March 2021
\n'}],latestNews:[{slug:"intechopen-signs-new-contract-with-cepiec-china-for-distribution-of-open-access-books-20210319",title:"IntechOpen Signs New Contract with CEPIEC, China for Distribution of Open Access Books"},{slug:"150-million-downloads-and-counting-20210316",title:"150 Million Downloads and Counting"},{slug:"intechopen-secures-indefinite-content-preservation-with-clockss-20210309",title:"IntechOpen Secures Indefinite Content Preservation with CLOCKSS"},{slug:"intechopen-expands-to-all-global-amazon-channels-with-full-catalog-of-books-20210308",title:"IntechOpen Expands to All Global Amazon Channels with Full Catalog of Books"},{slug:"stanford-university-identifies-top-2-scientists-over-1-000-are-intechopen-authors-and-editors-20210122",title:"Stanford University Identifies Top 2% Scientists, Over 1,000 are IntechOpen Authors and Editors"},{slug:"intechopen-authors-included-in-the-highly-cited-researchers-list-for-2020-20210121",title:"IntechOpen Authors Included in the Highly Cited Researchers List for 2020"},{slug:"intechopen-maintains-position-as-the-world-s-largest-oa-book-publisher-20201218",title:"IntechOpen Maintains Position as the World’s Largest OA Book Publisher"},{slug:"all-intechopen-books-available-on-perlego-20201215",title:"All IntechOpen Books Available on Perlego"}]},book:{item:{type:"book",id:"6220",leadTitle:null,fullTitle:"Open and Equal Access for Learning in School Management",title:"Open and Equal Access for Learning in School Management",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"This book encapsulates four sections about open and equal access for learning in school management. The first section is related to school management and leadership. Second section of the book gives insight on school culture. Third section of the book underlines the importance of open learning. Latest section of the book covers the importance of equal acess and learning in curriculum, environment, gender, youth. I have a firm belief that authors can find great insights on open and equal access for learning from different reflections and researches of chapters.",isbn:"978-1-78923-175-5",printIsbn:"978-1-78923-174-8",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83881-345-1",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.68699",price:119,priceEur:129,priceUsd:155,slug:"open-and-equal-access-for-learning-in-school-management",numberOfPages:258,isOpenForSubmission:!1,isInWos:1,hash:"a1e919de72d78288c473f399c12ee984",bookSignature:"Fahriye Altınay",publishedDate:"June 6th 2018",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6220.jpg",numberOfDownloads:8111,numberOfWosCitations:1,numberOfCrossrefCitations:4,numberOfDimensionsCitations:9,hasAltmetrics:0,numberOfTotalCitations:14,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"April 4th 2017",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"April 25th 2017",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"July 22nd 2017",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"October 20th 2017",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"December 19th 2017",currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,indexedIn:"1,2,3,4,5,6",editedByType:"Edited by",kuFlag:!1,editors:[{id:"189778",title:"Dr.",name:"Fahriye",middleName:null,surname:"Altınay",slug:"fahriye-altinay",fullName:"Fahriye Altınay",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/189778/images/system/189778.jpg",biography:"Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fahriye Altınay completed a masters degree in the field of Educational Technology, Distance Education in Educational Sciences and a PhD degree in Educational Administration and Management at Near East University in 2008. Then, she completed another doctorate program in the field of Educational Technology at Middlesex University. She is teaching doctorate, graduate and undergraduate degree courses such as project management, human resources management, school experience; principles and methods of teaching; instructional technology and material development; introduction to educational sciences. Fahriye Altinay is the Chair of Educational Sciences Institute and the Chair of Societal Research and Development Center at Near East University. She is a member of academic journals and she has participated in many national and international books, publications and research projects.",institutionString:"Near East University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"2",institution:{name:"Near East University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Cyprus"}}}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"1318",title:"Virtual Learning",slug:"virtual-learning"}],chapters:[{id:"57247",title:"Institutional Metacognition as an Improvement Tool for Educational Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70992",slug:"institutional-metacognition-as-an-improvement-tool-for-educational-management",totalDownloads:530,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Carlos J. Ossa-Cornejo, Ignacio Figueroa-Céspedes and Felipe\nRodriguez-Rojas",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57247",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57247",authors:[{id:"209889",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",surname:"Ossa",slug:"carlos-ossa",fullName:"Carlos Ossa"},{id:"209893",title:"Mr.",name:"Ignacio",surname:"Figueroa",slug:"ignacio-figueroa",fullName:"Ignacio Figueroa"},{id:"209895",title:"Prof.",name:"Felipe",surname:"Rodriguez",slug:"felipe-rodriguez",fullName:"Felipe Rodriguez"}],corrections:null},{id:"57421",title:"The First Step to Leadership in School Management: Taking Initiative",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70789",slug:"the-first-step-to-leadership-in-school-management-taking-initiative",totalDownloads:483,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"İlknur Şentürk",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57421",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57421",authors:[{id:"209005",title:"Ph.D.",name:"İlknur",surname:"Şentürk",slug:"ilknur-senturk",fullName:"İlknur Şentürk"}],corrections:null},{id:"57352",title:"The School Leader as Ideal Type: How to Reconcile Max Weber with the Concept of School Culture",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71197",slug:"the-school-leader-as-ideal-type-how-to-reconcile-max-weber-with-the-concept-of-school-culture",totalDownloads:443,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Roger Sträng",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57352",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57352",authors:[{id:"209666",title:"Prof.",name:"Dan Roger",surname:"Sträng",slug:"dan-roger-strang",fullName:"Dan Roger Sträng"}],corrections:null},{id:"59103",title:"The Role of E-Transformational Leadership in Intergenerational Cooperation for School Culture",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.73494",slug:"the-role-of-e-transformational-leadership-in-intergenerational-cooperation-for-school-culture",totalDownloads:622,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:4,signatures:"Umut Akcil, Zehra Altinay, Fahriye Altinay, Gokmen Dagli and\nMehmet Altinay",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/59103",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/59103",authors:[{id:"189780",title:"Dr.",name:"Gokmen",surname:"Dagli",slug:"gokmen-dagli",fullName:"Gokmen Dagli"},{id:"189781",title:"Dr.",name:"Zehra",surname:"Altınay",slug:"zehra-altinay",fullName:"Zehra Altınay"},{id:"198585",title:"Dr.",name:"Fahriye",surname:"Altınay",slug:"fahriye-altinay",fullName:"Fahriye Altınay"},{id:"198590",title:"Prof.",name:"Mehmet",surname:"Altınay",slug:"mehmet-altinay",fullName:"Mehmet Altınay"},{id:"208231",title:"Dr.",name:"Umut",surname:"Akcil",slug:"umut-akcil",fullName:"Umut Akcil"}],corrections:null},{id:"57356",title:"How Symbols and Rituals Affect School Culture and Management",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71363",slug:"how-symbols-and-rituals-affect-school-culture-and-management",totalDownloads:538,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,signatures:"Mehmet Ali Özdilekler, Anna Günsel, Gökmen Dağlı and Ergen\nGürbüzer",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57356",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57356",authors:[{id:"189780",title:"Dr.",name:"Gokmen",surname:"Dagli",slug:"gokmen-dagli",fullName:"Gokmen Dagli"},{id:"209341",title:"Mr.",name:"Mehmet Ali",surname:"Özdilekler",slug:"mehmet-ali-ozdilekler",fullName:"Mehmet Ali Özdilekler"},{id:"209371",title:"Mr.",name:"Ergen",surname:"Gürbüzer",slug:"ergen-gurbuzer",fullName:"Ergen Gürbüzer"},{id:"217369",title:"Mrs.",name:"Anna",surname:"Gunsel",slug:"anna-gunsel",fullName:"Anna Gunsel"}],corrections:null},{id:"57296",title:"Developing Countries’ Marketing Communication Role in School Culture",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71254",slug:"developing-countries-marketing-communication-role-in-school-culture",totalDownloads:503,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Anıl Kemal Kaya and Umut Ayman",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57296",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57296",authors:[{id:"210512",title:"Dr.",name:"Anıl",surname:"Kemal Kaya",slug:"anil-kemal-kaya",fullName:"Anıl Kemal Kaya"},{id:"210632",title:"Dr.",name:"Umut",surname:"Ayman",slug:"umut-ayman",fullName:"Umut Ayman"}],corrections:null},{id:"57090",title:"Risk Management Strategies in School Development and the Effect of Policies on Tolerance Education",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70787",slug:"risk-management-strategies-in-school-development-and-the-effect-of-policies-on-tolerance-education",totalDownloads:964,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Behcet Öznacar",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57090",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57090",authors:[{id:"209835",title:"Dr.",name:"Behcet",surname:"Oznacar",slug:"behcet-oznacar",fullName:"Behcet Oznacar"}],corrections:null},{id:"58929",title:"Instructional Developments and Progress for Open and Equal Access for Learning",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71947",slug:"instructional-developments-and-progress-for-open-and-equal-access-for-learning",totalDownloads:839,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,signatures:"Gonca Telli Yamamoto, Mürşide Özgeldi and Deniz Altun",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/58929",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/58929",authors:[{id:"209643",title:"Prof.",name:"Gonca",surname:"Telli Yamamoto",slug:"gonca-telli-yamamoto",fullName:"Gonca Telli Yamamoto"},{id:"209647",title:"Dr.",name:"Mürşide",surname:"Özgeldi",slug:"murside-ozgeldi",fullName:"Mürşide Özgeldi"},{id:"218099",title:"Mr.",name:"Deniz",surname:"Altun",slug:"deniz-altun",fullName:"Deniz Altun"}],corrections:null},{id:"58280",title:"Student’s Perception on Culture-Oriented e-Learning System: An Empirical Study",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71586",slug:"student-s-perception-on-culture-oriented-e-learning-system-an-empirical-study",totalDownloads:569,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Joshua Ebere Chukwuere, Nehemiah Mavetera and Ernest\nMnkandla",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/58280",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/58280",authors:[{id:"219796",title:"Dr.",name:"Joshua",surname:"Chukwuere",slug:"joshua-chukwuere",fullName:"Joshua Chukwuere"},{id:"219809",title:"Prof.",name:"Nehemiah",surname:"Mavetera",slug:"nehemiah-mavetera",fullName:"Nehemiah Mavetera"},{id:"219810",title:"Prof.",name:"Ernest",surname:"Mnkandla",slug:"ernest-mnkandla",fullName:"Ernest Mnkandla"}],corrections:null},{id:"58493",title:"Curricular Policy and Access and Permanence of Students in School",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.70790",slug:"curricular-policy-and-access-and-permanence-of-students-in-school",totalDownloads:504,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"José de Inocêncio Narciso Cossa, Maria de Lourdes Rangel Tura,\nMouzinho Mário and Octávio Zimbico",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/58493",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/58493",authors:[{id:"208533",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jose",surname:"Cossa",slug:"jose-cossa",fullName:"Jose Cossa"},{id:"218121",title:"Prof.",name:"Mouzinho",surname:"Mario",slug:"mouzinho-mario",fullName:"Mouzinho Mario"},{id:"218122",title:"Prof.",name:"Maria",surname:"De Lourdes Tura",slug:"maria-de-lourdes-tura",fullName:"Maria De Lourdes Tura"},{id:"218123",title:"Prof.",name:"Octavio",surname:"Zimbico",slug:"octavio-zimbico",fullName:"Octavio Zimbico"}],corrections:null},{id:"57486",title:"The Role of Environmental Education of New Curriculum in North Cyprus",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71561",slug:"the-role-of-environmental-education-of-new-curriculum-in-north-cyprus",totalDownloads:516,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Serife Gündüz and Mirati Erdoğuş",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57486",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57486",authors:[{id:"210052",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Serife",surname:"Gündüz",slug:"serife-gunduz",fullName:"Serife Gündüz"},{id:"210067",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Mirati",surname:"Erdoğuş",slug:"mirati-erdogus",fullName:"Mirati Erdoğuş"}],corrections:null},{id:"57848",title:"Management Challenge in the Entrepreneurial University and Academic Performance",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71754",slug:"management-challenge-in-the-entrepreneurial-university-and-academic-performance",totalDownloads:593,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,signatures:"Luis Antonio Orozco, Jeimy Paola Aristizabal and José Luis\nVillaveces",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57848",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57848",authors:[{id:"111604",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis Antonio",surname:"Orozco",slug:"luis-antonio-orozco",fullName:"Luis Antonio Orozco"},{id:"210029",title:"Dr.",name:"José Luis",surname:"Villaveces",slug:"jose-luis-villaveces",fullName:"José Luis Villaveces"},{id:"210030",title:"MSc.",name:"Jeimy Paola",surname:"Aristizabal",slug:"jeimy-paola-aristizabal",fullName:"Jeimy Paola Aristizabal"}],corrections:null},{id:"57306",title:"The Role of Women in City: The Importance of Psychology and Educational Administration",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71091",slug:"the-role-of-women-in-city-the-importance-of-psychology-and-educational-administration",totalDownloads:557,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Müzeyyen Alasya, Nicel Masaoğulları and Sibel Dinçyürek",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57306",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57306",authors:[{id:"209142",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Nicel",surname:"Masarogulları",slug:"nicel-masarogullari",fullName:"Nicel Masarogulları"},{id:"209145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sibel",surname:"Dinçyürek",slug:"sibel-dincyurek",fullName:"Sibel Dinçyürek"},{id:"211022",title:"MSc.",name:"Müzeyyen",surname:"Alasya",slug:"muzeyyen-alasya",fullName:"Müzeyyen Alasya"}],corrections:null},{id:"57333",title:"The Vital Readiness Level of the Youth: Psychology and Education Management Approaches",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.71090",slug:"the-vital-readiness-level-of-the-youth-psychology-and-education-management-approaches",totalDownloads:463,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,signatures:"Nicel Masaoğulları, Müzeyyen Alasya, Sibel Dinçyürek, Yeliz\nAkıntuğ, F. Burçin Hocaoğlu and İpek Alkan",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/57333",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/57333",authors:[{id:"209142",title:"Ph.D. Student",name:"Nicel",surname:"Masarogulları",slug:"nicel-masarogullari",fullName:"Nicel Masarogulları"},{id:"209145",title:"Dr.",name:"Sibel",surname:"Dinçyürek",slug:"sibel-dincyurek",fullName:"Sibel Dinçyürek"},{id:"211022",title:"MSc.",name:"Müzeyyen",surname:"Alasya",slug:"muzeyyen-alasya",fullName:"Müzeyyen Alasya"},{id:"214759",title:"Dr.",name:"Yeliz",surname:"Akıntuğ",slug:"yeliz-akintug",fullName:"Yeliz Akıntuğ"},{id:"214762",title:"MSc.",name:"F. Burçin",surname:"Hocaoğlu",slug:"f.-burcin-hocaoglu",fullName:"F. Burçin Hocaoğlu"},{id:"214763",title:"MSc.",name:"İpek",surname:"Alkan",slug:"ipek-alkan",fullName:"İpek Alkan"}],corrections:null}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7803",title:"The Role of Technology in Education",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"93a33294f975d3744277e5b512106416",slug:"the-role-of-technology-in-education",bookSignature:"Fahriye Altlnay",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7803.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"189778",title:"Dr.",name:"Fahriye",surname:"Altınay",slug:"fahriye-altinay",fullName:"Fahriye Altınay"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6543",title:"State of the Art Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Knowhow",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"287d44bcf4ef446e6e077ec9f1ec501e",slug:"state-of-the-art-virtual-reality-and-augmented-reality-knowhow",bookSignature:"Nawaz Mohamudally",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6543.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"119486",title:"Dr.",name:"Nawaz",surname:"Mohamudally",slug:"nawaz-mohamudally",fullName:"Nawaz Mohamudally"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8697",title:"Virtual Reality and Its Application in Education",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ee01b5e387ba0062c6b0d1e9227bda05",slug:"virtual-reality-and-its-application-in-education",bookSignature:"Dragan Cvetković",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8697.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"101330",title:"Dr.",name:"Dragan",surname:"Cvetković",slug:"dragan-cvetkovic",fullName:"Dragan Cvetković"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7601",title:"Game Design and Intelligent Interaction",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"aef7c5d14fb716604538b9f7e1a3f2ef",slug:"game-design-and-intelligent-interaction",bookSignature:"Ioannis Deliyannis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7601.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"103622",title:"Dr.",name:"Ioannis",surname:"Deliyannis",slug:"ioannis-deliyannis",fullName:"Ioannis Deliyannis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],ofsBooks:[]},correction:{item:{id:"67322",slug:"corrigendum-to-sexual-dysfunction-in-patients-with-systemic-sclerosis",title:"Corrigendum to: Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis",doi:null,correctionPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/67322.pdf",downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/67322",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/67322",totalDownloads:null,totalCrossrefCites:null,bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/67322",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/67322",chapter:{id:"66966",slug:"sexual-dysfunction-in-patients-with-systemic-sclerosis",signatures:"Barbora Heřmánková",dateSubmitted:"July 16th 2018",dateReviewed:"April 5th 2019",datePrePublished:"May 3rd 2019",datePublished:"September 18th 2019",book:{id:"8269",title:"New Insights into Systemic Sclerosis",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"New Insights into Systemic Sclerosis",slug:"new-insights-into-systemic-sclerosis",publishedDate:"September 18th 2019",bookSignature:"Michal Tomcik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8269.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"193284",title:"Dr.",name:"Michal",middleName:null,surname:"Tomcik",slug:"michal-tomcik",fullName:"Michal Tomcik"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:null}},chapter:{id:"66966",slug:"sexual-dysfunction-in-patients-with-systemic-sclerosis",signatures:"Barbora Heřmánková",dateSubmitted:"July 16th 2018",dateReviewed:"April 5th 2019",datePrePublished:"May 3rd 2019",datePublished:"September 18th 2019",book:{id:"8269",title:"New Insights into Systemic Sclerosis",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"New Insights into Systemic Sclerosis",slug:"new-insights-into-systemic-sclerosis",publishedDate:"September 18th 2019",bookSignature:"Michal Tomcik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8269.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"193284",title:"Dr.",name:"Michal",middleName:null,surname:"Tomcik",slug:"michal-tomcik",fullName:"Michal Tomcik"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},authors:null},book:{id:"8269",title:"New Insights into Systemic Sclerosis",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"New Insights into Systemic Sclerosis",slug:"new-insights-into-systemic-sclerosis",publishedDate:"September 18th 2019",bookSignature:"Michal Tomcik",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8269.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"193284",title:"Dr.",name:"Michal",middleName:null,surname:"Tomcik",slug:"michal-tomcik",fullName:"Michal Tomcik"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}},ofsBook:{item:{type:"book",id:"10087",leadTitle:null,title:"Applications and Advances in Robot Learning",subtitle:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",abstract:"\r\n\tTasks that seem natural to humans are often tricky for robots or artificial agents, furthermore, often they are difficult to implement – to program. Hard-to-engineer robot tasks are being tackled by learning algorithms not only in academic and research environments – robot learning has progressed into all aspects of robot applications and use, be it in industry, rehabilitation, assistive robotics, or in entertainment applications. The progress of robot learning has drastically changed the landscape of the applicability of robots. Going hand-in-hand with machine learning and exploiting deep learning techniques, have made robot learning one of the best prospects for technology with the potential to radically change our future. But to change the future, the foundations need to be firm. This book intends to provide the reader with just that. Through the representation of robot learning algorithms and their applications in both academic and real-world settings, the reader will obtain an overview of the possibilities of today’s robot learning and a prospect for the future.
",isbn:null,printIsbn:"979-953-307-X-X",pdfIsbn:null,doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"069f7a8a2fa8c73bea151c4c883f302d",bookSignature:"Dr. Andrej Gams and Dr. Takamitsu Matsubara",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10087.jpg",keywords:"programming from/by demonstration, apprenticeship learning, iterative learning control, repetitive learning control, skill learning, affordance learning, gaussian process regression, locally weighted regression, policy learning, learning in simulation, end-to-end learning, deep learning",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"November 26th 2019",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"March 11th 2020",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"May 10th 2020",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"July 29th 2020",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"September 27th 2020",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"a year",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:5,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:null,coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"67024",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrej",middleName:null,surname:"Gams",slug:"andrej-gams",fullName:"Andrej Gams",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/67024/images/system/67024.jpg",biography:"Andrej Gams received his diploma degree and his Ph.D. in robotics from the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia. He is currently a senior research associate at Department of Automatics, Biocybernetics, and Robotics at Jožef Stefan Institute and an assistant professor at the Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School. He was a postdoctoral researcher with SCIEX NMS-CH fellowship at the Biorobotics Laboratory, EPFL, Switzerland, and a visiting researcher at the ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories in Japan.\nHis research interests are at the intersection of humanoid and applicative industrial robotics, specifically in robot learning in general, learning by imitation, compliance and adaptation of robot motion and cooperative human-robot operation. He has authored or co-authored 20-some journal papers and over 100 conference papers.\nHe is an associate editor for International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, where he has been also a guest editor, associate editor for Frontiers in Neurorobotics, and has been a member of several conference editorial boards, including ICRA, IROS and Humanoids.\nDr. Gams received the ICRA CEB Best Reviewer Award at the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation in Seattle, USA, Best Scientific Paper award at the 23rd International Workshop on Robotics in Alpe-Adria-Danube Region, Smolenice, Slovakia (2014), Best Paper Research Award at the 19th International Workshop in the Alpe-Adria-Danube region in Budapest, Hungary (2010) and the Jožef Stefan Golden Emblem Award for his Ph.D. dissertation in 2012.",institutionString:"Jožef Stefan Institute",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"2",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Jožef Stefan Institute",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Slovenia"}}}],coeditorOne:{id:"315335",title:"Dr.",name:"Takamitsu",middleName:null,surname:"Matsubara",slug:"takamitsu-matsubara",fullName:"Takamitsu Matsubara",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/315335/images/system/315335.jpg",biography:"Takamitsu Matsubara received his B.E. in electrical and electronic systems engineering from Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan, in 2003, and M.E. in information science from the Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan, in 2005, and a Ph.D. in information science from the Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan, in 2007. From 2005 to 2007, he was a research fellow (DC1) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. From 2013 to 2014, he was a visiting researcher of the Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. \nHe is currently an associate professor at the Nara Institute of Science and Technology and a visiting researcher at the ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Kyoto, and at National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan. \nHis research interests are machine learning and control theory for robotics. He has authored or co-authored over 20 journal papers and 60 conference papers. \nHe has been a guest editor for Advanced Robotics, and has been a member of several conference editorial boards, including ICRA, IROS, Humanoids and CoRL. \nDr. Matsubara received RSJ/KROS Distinguished Interdisciplinary Research Award at the 2015 IEEE RO-MAN, Best Oral Paper Award at the IEEE-RAS Humanoids2016, JNNS the Best Paper Award (2012, and 2018).",institutionString:"Nara Institute of Science and Technology",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"0",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Nara Institute of Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"22",title:"Robotics",slug:"physical-sciences-engineering-and-technology-robotics"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"280415",firstName:"Josip",lastName:"Knapic",middleName:null,title:"Mr.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/280415/images/8050_n.jpg",email:"josip@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copy-editing and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"371",title:"Abiotic Stress in Plants",subtitle:"Mechanisms and Adaptations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"588466f487e307619849d72389178a74",slug:"abiotic-stress-in-plants-mechanisms-and-adaptations",bookSignature:"Arun Shanker and B. Venkateswarlu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/371.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"58592",title:"Dr.",name:"Arun",surname:"Shanker",slug:"arun-shanker",fullName:"Arun Shanker"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"314",title:"Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering",subtitle:"Cells and Biomaterials",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bb67e80e480c86bb8315458012d65686",slug:"regenerative-medicine-and-tissue-engineering-cells-and-biomaterials",bookSignature:"Daniel Eberli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/314.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6495",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",surname:"Eberli",slug:"daniel-eberli",fullName:"Daniel Eberli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2270",title:"Fourier Transform",subtitle:"Materials Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e094b066da527193e878e160b4772af",slug:"fourier-transform-materials-analysis",bookSignature:"Salih Mohammed Salih",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2270.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"111691",title:"Dr.Ing.",name:"Salih",surname:"Salih",slug:"salih-salih",fullName:"Salih Salih"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"872",title:"Organic Pollutants Ten Years After the Stockholm Convention",subtitle:"Environmental and Analytical Update",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f01dc7077e1d23f3d8f5454985cafa0a",slug:"organic-pollutants-ten-years-after-the-stockholm-convention-environmental-and-analytical-update",bookSignature:"Tomasz Puzyn and Aleksandra Mostrag-Szlichtyng",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/872.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"84887",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomasz",surname:"Puzyn",slug:"tomasz-puzyn",fullName:"Tomasz Puzyn"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"22606",title:"Farming System and Management",doi:"10.5772/20236",slug:"farming-system-and-management",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/22606.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/22606",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/22606",totalDownloads:1560,totalViews:84,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"November 8th 2010",dateReviewed:"June 27th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"October 28th 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/22606",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/22606",book:{slug:"recent-trends-for-enhancing-the-diversity-and-quality-of-soybean-products"},signatures:"Morio Matsuzaki",authors:[{id:"37995",title:"Ms.",name:"Morio",middleName:null,surname:"Matsuzaki",fullName:"Morio Matsuzaki",slug:"morio-matsuzaki",email:"matsu@affrc.go.jp",position:null,institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"494",title:"Recent Trends for Enhancing the Diversity and Quality of Soybean Products",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Recent Trends for Enhancing the Diversity and Quality of Soybean Products",slug:"recent-trends-for-enhancing-the-diversity-and-quality-of-soybean-products",publishedDate:"October 28th 2011",bookSignature:"Dora Krezhova",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/494.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"30154",title:"Prof.",name:"Dora",middleName:null,surname:"Krezhova",slug:"dora-krezhova",fullName:"Dora Krezhova"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"22595",title:"Soybean in the European Union, Status and Perspective",slug:"soybean-in-the-european-union-status-and-perspective",totalDownloads:4314,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Yves Bertheau and John Davison",authors:[{id:"32917",title:"Dr.",name:"Yves",middleName:null,surname:"Bertheau",fullName:"Yves Bertheau",slug:"yves-bertheau"},{id:"33019",title:"Dr.",name:"John",middleName:null,surname:"Davison",fullName:"John Davison",slug:"john-davison"}]},{id:"22596",title:"Storage of Soybeans and Its Effects on Quality of Soybean Sub-Products",slug:"storage-of-soybeans-and-its-effects-on-quality-of-soybean-sub-products",totalDownloads:8505,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Ernandes Rodrigues de Alencar and Lêda Rita D’Antonino Faroni",authors:[{id:"30137",title:"Prof.",name:"Ernandes",middleName:null,surname:"Alencar",fullName:"Ernandes Alencar",slug:"ernandes-alencar"},{id:"45451",title:"Dr.",name:"Lêda",middleName:null,surname:"Faroni",fullName:"Lêda Faroni",slug:"leda-faroni"}]},{id:"22597",title:"High Pressure Treatments of Soybean and Soybean Products",slug:"high-pressure-treatments-of-soybean-and-soybean-products",totalDownloads:2747,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Kashif Ghafoor, Fahad Y.I. AL-Juhaimi and Jiyong Park",authors:[{id:"29367",title:"Prof.",name:"Jiyong",middleName:null,surname:"Park",fullName:"Jiyong Park",slug:"jiyong-park"},{id:"46022",title:"Prof.",name:"Kashif",middleName:null,surname:"Ghafoor",fullName:"Kashif Ghafoor",slug:"kashif-ghafoor"},{id:"82227",title:"Prof.",name:"Fahad Y.I.",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Juhaimi",fullName:"Fahad Y.I. Al-Juhaimi",slug:"fahad-y.i.-al-juhaimi"}]},{id:"22598",title:"The Main Components Content, Rheology Properties and Lipid Profile of Wheat-Soybean Flour",slug:"the-main-components-content-rheology-properties-and-lipid-profile-of-wheat-soybean-flour",totalDownloads:2679,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Nada Nikolić and Miodrag Lazić",authors:[{id:"29368",title:"Prof.",name:"Nada",middleName:null,surname:"Nikolic",fullName:"Nada Nikolic",slug:"nada-nikolic"},{id:"80903",title:"Prof.",name:"Miodrag",middleName:"L",surname:"Lazic",fullName:"Miodrag Lazic",slug:"miodrag-lazic"}]},{id:"22599",title:"Lipids, Nutrition and Development",slug:"lipids-nutrition-and-development",totalDownloads:1668,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Juliana M.C. Borba, Maria Surama P. da Silva and Ana Paula Rocha de Melo",authors:[{id:"36103",title:"Dr.",name:"Juliana",middleName:null,surname:"Borba",fullName:"Juliana Borba",slug:"juliana-borba"},{id:"47452",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Surama",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira da Silva",fullName:"Maria Surama Pereira da Silva",slug:"maria-surama-pereira-da-silva"},{id:"47453",title:"Dr.",name:"Ana Paula",middleName:null,surname:"Rocha de Melo",fullName:"Ana Paula Rocha de Melo",slug:"ana-paula-rocha-de-melo"}]},{id:"22600",title:"Inhibition of Soybean Lipoxygenases – Structural and Activity Models for the Lipoxygenase Isoenzymes Family",slug:"inhibition-of-soybean-lipoxygenases-structural-and-activity-models-for-the-lipoxygenase-isoenzymes-f",totalDownloads:5449,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Veronica Sanda Chedea and Mitsuo Jisaka",authors:[{id:"29997",title:"Dr.",name:"Veronica Sanda",middleName:null,surname:"Chedea",fullName:"Veronica Sanda Chedea",slug:"veronica-sanda-chedea"},{id:"46826",title:"Prof.",name:"Mitsuo",middleName:null,surname:"Jisaka",fullName:"Mitsuo Jisaka",slug:"mitsuo-jisaka"}]},{id:"22601",title:"Soybean Phytoestrogens – Friends or Foes?",slug:"soybean-phytoestrogens-friends-or-foes-",totalDownloads:2297,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Branka Šošić-Jurjević, Branko Filipović and Milka Sekulić",authors:[{id:"44958",title:"Dr.",name:"Branko",middleName:null,surname:"Filipovic",fullName:"Branko Filipovic",slug:"branko-filipovic"},{id:"44959",title:"Dr.",name:"Milka",middleName:null,surname:"Sekulic",fullName:"Milka Sekulic",slug:"milka-sekulic"},{id:"85513",title:"Dr.",name:"Branka",middleName:null,surname:"Sosic-Jurjevic",fullName:"Branka Sosic-Jurjevic",slug:"branka-sosic-jurjevic"}]},{id:"22602",title:"Soybeans (Glycine max) and Soybean Products in Poultry and Swine Nutrition",slug:"soybeans-glycine-max-and-soybean-products-in-poultry-and-swine-nutrition",totalDownloads:3978,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Leilane Rocha Barros Dourado, Leonardo Augusto Fonseca Pascoal, Nilva Kazue Sakomura, Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa and Daniel Biagiotti",authors:[{id:"30314",title:"Dr.",name:"Leilane",middleName:null,surname:"Dourado",fullName:"Leilane Dourado",slug:"leilane-dourado"},{id:"46178",title:"Dr.",name:"Leonardo",middleName:null,surname:"Pascoal",fullName:"Leonardo Pascoal",slug:"leonardo-pascoal"},{id:"46179",title:"Dr.",name:"Nilva",middleName:null,surname:"Sakomura",fullName:"Nilva Sakomura",slug:"nilva-sakomura"},{id:"46180",title:"Prof.",name:"Fernando",middleName:"Guilherme",surname:"Perazzo Costa",fullName:"Fernando Perazzo Costa",slug:"fernando-perazzo-costa"},{id:"87777",title:"Prof.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Biagiotti",fullName:"Daniel Biagiotti",slug:"daniel-biagiotti"}]},{id:"22603",title:"Protein Sources in Ruminant Nutrition",slug:"protein-sources-in-ruminant-nutrition",totalDownloads:3701,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Monica I. Cutrignelli, Serena Calabrò, Raffaella Tudisco, Federico Infascelli and Vincenzo Piccolo",authors:[{id:"28819",title:"Dr.",name:"Raffaella",middleName:null,surname:"Tudisco",fullName:"Raffaella Tudisco",slug:"raffaella-tudisco"},{id:"32848",title:"Prof.",name:"Monica Isabella",middleName:null,surname:"Cutrignelli",fullName:"Monica Isabella Cutrignelli",slug:"monica-isabella-cutrignelli"},{id:"47019",title:"Prof.",name:"Federico",middleName:null,surname:"Infascelli",fullName:"Federico Infascelli",slug:"federico-infascelli"},{id:"47082",title:"Dr.",name:"Serena",middleName:null,surname:"Calabrò",fullName:"Serena Calabrò",slug:"serena-calabro"},{id:"47083",title:"Prof.",name:"Vincenzo",middleName:null,surname:"Piccolo",fullName:"Vincenzo Piccolo",slug:"vincenzo-piccolo"}]},{id:"22604",title:"Soybean as a Feed Ingredient for Livestock and Poultry",slug:"soybean-as-a-feed-ingredient-for-livestock-and-poultry",totalDownloads:6239,totalCrossrefCites:13,signatures:"H.K. Dei",authors:[{id:"28844",title:"Prof.",name:"Herbert",middleName:"Kwabla",surname:"Dei",fullName:"Herbert Dei",slug:"herbert-dei"}]},{id:"22605",title:"Productivity and Nutritional Composition of Lentinus strigosus (Schwinitz) Fries Mushroom from the Amazon Region Cultivated in Sawdust Supplemented with Soy Bran",slug:"productivity-and-nutritional-composition-of-lentinus-strigosus-schwinitz-fries-mushroom-from-the-ama",totalDownloads:3388,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Ceci Sales-Campos, Bazilio Frasco Vianez and Raimunda Liége Souza de Abreu",authors:[{id:"42900",title:"Prof.",name:"Ceci",middleName:null,surname:"Sales-Campos",fullName:"Ceci Sales-Campos",slug:"ceci-sales-campos"},{id:"137929",title:"Dr.",name:"Bazilio Frasco",middleName:null,surname:"Vianez",fullName:"Bazilio Frasco Vianez",slug:"bazilio-frasco-vianez"},{id:"137930",title:"Dr.",name:"Raimunda Liége",middleName:null,surname:"Souza De Abreu",fullName:"Raimunda Liége Souza De Abreu",slug:"raimunda-liege-souza-de-abreu"}]},{id:"22606",title:"Farming System and Management",slug:"farming-system-and-management",totalDownloads:1560,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Morio Matsuzaki",authors:[{id:"37995",title:"Ms.",name:"Morio",middleName:null,surname:"Matsuzaki",fullName:"Morio Matsuzaki",slug:"morio-matsuzaki"}]},{id:"22607",title:"Rationality in the Use of Non Renewable Natural Resources in Agriculture",slug:"rationality-in-the-use-of-non-renewable-natural-resources-in-agriculture",totalDownloads:1774,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Rogério de Paula Lana",authors:[{id:"32944",title:"Prof.",name:"Rogério",middleName:null,surname:"Lana",fullName:"Rogério Lana",slug:"rogerio-lana"}]},{id:"22608",title:"Chemical Conversion of Glycerol from Biodiesel into Products for Environmental and Technological Applications",slug:"chemical-conversion-of-glycerol-from-biodiesel-into-products-for-environmental-and-technological-app",totalDownloads:3192,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Miguel Araujo Medeiros, Carla M. Macedo Leite and Rochel Montero Lago",authors:[{id:"36868",title:"Dr.",name:"Miguel",middleName:null,surname:"Medeiros",fullName:"Miguel Medeiros",slug:"miguel-medeiros"},{id:"47552",title:"Dr.",name:"Rochel",middleName:null,surname:"Lago",fullName:"Rochel Lago",slug:"rochel-lago"},{id:"47553",title:"Mrs.",name:"Carla",middleName:null,surname:"Leite",fullName:"Carla Leite",slug:"carla-leite"}]},{id:"22609",title:"Use of Soybean Oil in Energy Generation",slug:"use-of-soybean-oil-in-energy-generation",totalDownloads:2485,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Roberto Guimarães Pereira, Oscar Edwin Piamba Tulcan, Valdir de Jesus Lameira, Dalni Malta do Espirito Santo Filho and Ednilton Tavares de Andrade",authors:[{id:"29417",title:"Dr.",name:"Roberto",middleName:null,surname:"Pereira",fullName:"Roberto Pereira",slug:"roberto-pereira"},{id:"32098",title:"Dr.",name:"Dalni",middleName:null,surname:"Santo Filho",fullName:"Dalni Santo Filho",slug:"dalni-santo-filho"},{id:"40454",title:"Dr.",name:"Oscar",middleName:null,surname:"Tulcan",fullName:"Oscar Tulcan",slug:"oscar-tulcan"},{id:"40455",title:"Dr.",name:"Valdir",middleName:null,surname:"Lameira",fullName:"Valdir Lameira",slug:"valdir-lameira"},{id:"95167",title:"Dr.",name:"Ednilton",middleName:"Tavares De",surname:"Andrade",fullName:"Ednilton Andrade",slug:"ednilton-andrade"}]},{id:"22610",title:"Soybean Oil De-Acidification as a First Step Towards Biodiesel Production",slug:"soybean-oil-de-acidification-as-a-first-step-towards-biodiesel-production",totalDownloads:2032,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"C. Pirola, D.C. Boffito, G. Carvoli, A. Di Fronzo, V. Ragaini and C.L. Bianchi",authors:[{id:"29523",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlo",middleName:null,surname:"Pirola",fullName:"Carlo Pirola",slug:"carlo-pirola"},{id:"45121",title:"Dr.",name:"Daria Camilla",middleName:null,surname:"Boffito",fullName:"Daria Camilla Boffito",slug:"daria-camilla-boffito"},{id:"45122",title:"Prof.",name:"Vittorio",middleName:null,surname:"Ragaini",fullName:"Vittorio Ragaini",slug:"vittorio-ragaini"},{id:"45123",title:"Dr.",name:"Gianni",middleName:null,surname:"Carvoli",fullName:"Gianni Carvoli",slug:"gianni-carvoli"},{id:"45124",title:"Prof.",name:"Claudia Letizia",middleName:null,surname:"Bianchi",fullName:"Claudia Letizia Bianchi",slug:"claudia-letizia-bianchi"},{id:"84816",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonieta",middleName:null,surname:"Di Fronzo",fullName:"Antonieta Di Fronzo",slug:"antonieta-di-fronzo"}]},{id:"22611",title:"Processing of Soybean Oil into Fuels",slug:"processing-of-soybean-oil-into-fuels",totalDownloads:1998,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Joanna McFarlane",authors:[{id:"32292",title:"Dr.",name:"Joanna",middleName:null,surname:"McFarlane",fullName:"Joanna McFarlane",slug:"joanna-mcfarlane"}]},{id:"22612",title:"Soybean Biodiesel and Metrology",slug:"soybean-biodiesel-and-metrology",totalDownloads:2827,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Vanderléa de Souza, Marcos Paulo Vicentim, Lenise V. Gonçalves, Maurício Guimarães da Fonseca and Viviane Fernandes da Silva",authors:[{id:"32754",title:"Dr.",name:"Vanderlea",middleName:null,surname:"Souza",fullName:"Vanderlea Souza",slug:"vanderlea-souza"},{id:"47159",title:"Dr",name:"Marcos",middleName:"Paulo",surname:"Vicentim",fullName:"Marcos Vicentim",slug:"marcos-vicentim"},{id:"47160",title:"Dr.",name:"Lenise",middleName:null,surname:"Gonçalves",fullName:"Lenise Gonçalves",slug:"lenise-goncalves"},{id:"47161",title:"Dr.",name:"Mauricio",middleName:null,surname:"Fonseca",fullName:"Mauricio Fonseca",slug:"mauricio-fonseca"},{id:"47162",title:"MSc.",name:"Viviane",middleName:null,surname:"Silva",fullName:"Viviane Silva",slug:"viviane-silva"}]},{id:"22613",title:"Machine Vision Identification of Plants",slug:"machine-vision-identification-of-plants",totalDownloads:3790,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"George. E. Meyer",authors:[{id:"32255",title:"Prof.",name:"George",middleName:null,surname:"Meyer",fullName:"George Meyer",slug:"george-meyer"}]},{id:"22614",title:"Extraction and Analysis of Inositols and Other Carbohydrates from Soybean Plant Tissues",slug:"extraction-and-analysis-of-inositols-and-other-carbohydrates-from-soybean-plant-tissues",totalDownloads:7082,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"J.A. Campbell, S.C. Goheen and P. Donald",authors:[{id:"29640",title:"Dr.",name:"Jim",middleName:null,surname:"Campbell",fullName:"Jim Campbell",slug:"jim-campbell"},{id:"47498",title:"Dr.",name:"Steve",middleName:null,surname:"Goheen",fullName:"Steve Goheen",slug:"steve-goheen"},{id:"47499",title:"Prof.",name:"Pat",middleName:null,surname:"Donald",fullName:"Pat Donald",slug:"pat-donald"}]},{id:"22615",title:"Extraction and Enzymatic Modification of Functional Lipids from Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate",slug:"extraction-and-enzymatic-modification-of-functional-lipids-from-soybean-oil-deodorizer-distillate",totalDownloads:7584,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Carlos F. Torres, Guzmán Torrelo and Guillermo Reglero",authors:[{id:"36798",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Torres",fullName:"Carlos Torres",slug:"carlos-torres"},{id:"45896",title:"Mr.",name:"Guzman",middleName:null,surname:"Torrelo",fullName:"Guzman Torrelo",slug:"guzman-torrelo"},{id:"45897",title:"Mr.",name:"Gullermo",middleName:null,surname:"Reglero",fullName:"Gullermo Reglero",slug:"gullermo-reglero"}]},{id:"22616",title:"Soybean Phospholipids",slug:"soybean-phospholipids",totalDownloads:15699,totalCrossrefCites:7,signatures:"Daicheng Liu and Fucui Ma",authors:[{id:"41295",title:"Dr.",name:"Daicheng",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Daicheng Liu",slug:"daicheng-liu"},{id:"46151",title:"Ms",name:"Fucui",middleName:null,surname:"Ma",fullName:"Fucui Ma",slug:"fucui-ma"}]},{id:"22617",title:"Soybean Protein Fibres (SPF)",slug:"soybean-protein-fibres-spf-",totalDownloads:5021,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"Tatjana Rijavec and Živa Zupin",authors:[{id:"10298",title:"Dr.",name:"Živa",middleName:null,surname:"Zupin",fullName:"Živa Zupin",slug:"ziva-zupin"},{id:"35584",title:"Dr.",name:"Tatjana",middleName:null,surname:"Rijavec",fullName:"Tatjana Rijavec",slug:"tatjana-rijavec"}]},{id:"22618",title:"Characterization of Enzymes Associated with Degradation of Insoluble Fiber of Soybean Curd Residue by Bacillus subtilis",slug:"characterization-of-enzymes-associated-with-degradation-of-insoluble-fiber-of-soybean-curd-residue-b",totalDownloads:2734,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Makoto Shoda and Shinji Mizumoto",authors:[{id:"45707",title:"Prof.",name:"Makoto",middleName:null,surname:"Shoda",fullName:"Makoto Shoda",slug:"makoto-shoda"},{id:"45722",title:"Dr.",name:"Shinji",middleName:null,surname:"Mizumoto",fullName:"Shinji Mizumoto",slug:"shinji-mizumoto"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"206",title:"Soybean",subtitle:"Genetics and Novel Techniques for Yield Enhancement",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c737836e985157c5166ba52e6603fde3",slug:"soybean-genetics-and-novel-techniques-for-yield-enhancement",bookSignature:"Dora Krezhova",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/206.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"30154",title:"Prof.",name:"Dora",surname:"Krezhova",slug:"dora-krezhova",fullName:"Dora Krezhova"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"23487",title:"Genetic Diversity and Allele Mining in Soybean Germplasm",slug:"genetic-diversity-and-allele-mining-in-soybean-germplasm",signatures:"Reda Helmy Sammour",authors:[{id:"32232",title:"Dr.",name:"Reda",middleName:"Helmy",surname:"Sammour",fullName:"Reda Sammour",slug:"reda-sammour"}]},{id:"23488",title:"Importance of Seed [Fe] for Improved Agronomic Performance and Efficient Genotype Selection",slug:"importance-of-seed-fe-for-improved-agronomic-performance-and-efficient-genotype-selection",signatures:"John V. Wiersma",authors:[{id:"29772",title:"Dr.",name:"John",middleName:null,surname:"Wiersma",fullName:"John Wiersma",slug:"john-wiersma"}]},{id:"23489",title:"Positional Cloning of the Responsible Genes for Maturity Loci E1, E2 and E3 in Soybean",slug:"positional-cloning-of-the-responsible-genes-for-maturity-loci-e1-e2-and-e3-in-soybean",signatures:"Kyuya Harada, Satoshi Watanabe, Xia Zhengjun, Yasutaka Tsubokura, Naoki Yamanaka and Toyoaki Anai",authors:[{id:"18575",title:"Dr.",name:"Kyuya",middleName:null,surname:"Harada",fullName:"Kyuya Harada",slug:"kyuya-harada"},{id:"41753",title:"Mr.",name:"Satoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Watanabe",fullName:"Satoshi Watanabe",slug:"satoshi-watanabe"},{id:"41754",title:"Mr.",name:"Zhengjun",middleName:null,surname:"Xia",fullName:"Zhengjun Xia",slug:"zhengjun-xia"},{id:"41755",title:"Mr.",name:"Yasutaka",middleName:null,surname:"Tsubokura",fullName:"Yasutaka Tsubokura",slug:"yasutaka-tsubokura"},{id:"41756",title:"Mr.",name:"Toyoaki",middleName:null,surname:"Anai",fullName:"Toyoaki Anai",slug:"toyoaki-anai"}]},{id:"23490",title:"Changes in the Expression of Genes in Soybean Roots Infected by Nematodes",slug:"changes-in-the-expression-of-genes-in-soybean-roots-infected-by-nematodes",signatures:"Benjamin F. Matthews, Heba M.M. Ibrahim and Vincent P. Klink",authors:[{id:"40892",title:"Dr.",name:"Benjamin",middleName:null,surname:"Matthews",fullName:"Benjamin Matthews",slug:"benjamin-matthews"},{id:"48059",title:"Dr.",name:"Vincent P.",middleName:null,surname:"Klink",fullName:"Vincent P. Klink",slug:"vincent-p.-klink"}]},{id:"23491",title:"Phenotypic and Genotypic Variability in Cercospora kikuchii Isolates from Santa Fe Province, Argentina",slug:"phenotypic-and-genotypic-variability-in-cercospora-kikuchii-isolates-from-santa-fe-province-argentin",signatures:"María G. Latorre Rapela, Mauro A. Colombini, Ana M. González, Stella M. Vaira, Roxana Maumary, Mónica C. Mattio, Elena Carrera and María C. Lura",authors:[{id:"41742",title:"Dr.",name:"María",middleName:"Cristina",surname:"Lurá",fullName:"María Lurá",slug:"maria-lura"},{id:"47088",title:"Mrs.",name:"María",middleName:null,surname:"Latorre Rapela",fullName:"María Latorre Rapela",slug:"maria-latorre-rapela"},{id:"47089",title:"Mr.",name:"Mauro",middleName:null,surname:"Colombini",fullName:"Mauro Colombini",slug:"mauro-colombini"},{id:"47090",title:"MSc.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"González",fullName:"Ana González",slug:"ana-gonzalez"},{id:"47091",title:"Mrs.",name:"Stella",middleName:null,surname:"Vaira",fullName:"Stella Vaira",slug:"stella-vaira"},{id:"47092",title:"Mrs.",name:"Roxana",middleName:null,surname:"Maumary",fullName:"Roxana Maumary",slug:"roxana-maumary"},{id:"47093",title:"MSc.",name:"Elena",middleName:null,surname:"Carrera",fullName:"Elena Carrera",slug:"elena-carrera"}]},{id:"23492",title:"Soybean Fatty Acid Desaturation Pathway: Responses to Temperature Changes and Pathogen Infection",slug:"soybean-fatty-acid-desaturation-pathway-responses-to-temperature-changes-and-pathogen-infection",signatures:"Robert G. Upchurch",authors:[{id:"33503",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Upchurch",fullName:"Robert Upchurch",slug:"robert-upchurch"}]},{id:"23493",title:"Genetically Modified Soybean in Animal Nutrition",slug:"genetically-modified-soybean-in-animal-nutrition",signatures:"Tudisco Raffaella, Calabrò Serena, Cutrignelli Monica Isabella, Piccolo Vincenzo and Infascelli Federico",authors:[{id:"28819",title:"Dr.",name:"Raffaella",middleName:null,surname:"Tudisco",fullName:"Raffaella Tudisco",slug:"raffaella-tudisco"},{id:"32848",title:"Prof.",name:"Monica Isabella",middleName:null,surname:"Cutrignelli",fullName:"Monica Isabella Cutrignelli",slug:"monica-isabella-cutrignelli"},{id:"47017",title:"Dr.",name:"Serena",middleName:null,surname:"Calabro'",fullName:"Serena Calabro'",slug:"serena-calabro'"},{id:"47018",title:"Prof.",name:"Vincenzo",middleName:null,surname:"Piccolo",fullName:"Vincenzo Piccolo",slug:"vincenzo-piccolo"},{id:"47019",title:"Prof.",name:"Federico",middleName:null,surname:"Infascelli",fullName:"Federico Infascelli",slug:"federico-infascelli"}]},{id:"23494",title:"Molecular Markers: Assisted Selection in Soybeans",slug:"molecular-markers-assisted-selection-in-soybeans",signatures:"Eduardo Antonio Gavioli",authors:[{id:"33036",title:"Dr.",name:"Eduardo Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Gavioli",fullName:"Eduardo Antonio Gavioli",slug:"eduardo-antonio-gavioli"}]},{id:"23495",title:"Identification and Application of Phenotypic and Molecular Markers for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Soybean",slug:"identification-and-application-of-phenotypic-and-molecular-markers-for-abiotic-stress-tolerance-in-s",signatures:"Berhanu Amsalu Fenta, Urte Schluter, Belen Marquez Garcia, Magdeleen DuPlessis, Christine H. Foyer and Karl J. Kunert",authors:[{id:"33976",title:"Prof.",name:"Christine",middleName:null,surname:"Foyer",fullName:"Christine Foyer",slug:"christine-foyer"},{id:"43378",title:"Mr",name:"Berhanu",middleName:null,surname:"Fenta",fullName:"Berhanu Fenta",slug:"berhanu-fenta"},{id:"43379",title:"Dr.",name:"Urte",middleName:null,surname:"Schluter",fullName:"Urte Schluter",slug:"urte-schluter"},{id:"43380",title:"Prof.",name:"Karl",middleName:null,surname:"Kunert",fullName:"Karl Kunert",slug:"karl-kunert"}]},{id:"23496",title:"Identification and Confirmation of SSR Marker Tightly Linked to the Ti Locus in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]",slug:"identification-and-confirmation-of-ssr-marker-tightly-linked-to-the-ti-locus-in-soybean-glycine-max-",signatures:"Jongil Chung",authors:[{id:"32507",title:"Prof.",name:"Jongil",middleName:null,surname:"Chung",fullName:"Jongil Chung",slug:"jongil-chung"}]},{id:"23497",title:"Spectral Remote Sensing of the Responses of Soybean Plants to Environmental Stresses",slug:"spectral-remote-sensing-of-the-responses-of-soybean-plants-to-environmental-stresses",signatures:"Dora Krezhova",authors:[{id:"30154",title:"Prof.",name:"Dora",middleName:null,surname:"Krezhova",fullName:"Dora Krezhova",slug:"dora-krezhova"}]},{id:"23498",title:"Polarization Sensitive Optical Imaging and Characterization of Soybean Using Stokes-Mueller Matrix Model",slug:"polarization-sensitive-optical-imaging-and-characterization-of-soybean-using-stokes-mueller-matrix-m",signatures:"Shamaraz Firdous",authors:[{id:"48838",title:"Dr.",name:"Shamaraz",middleName:null,surname:"Firdous",fullName:"Shamaraz Firdous",slug:"shamaraz-firdous"}]},{id:"23499",title:"Distant-Graft Mutagenesis Technology in Soybean",slug:"distant-graft-mutagenesis-technology-in-soybean",signatures:"Pan Xiang-Wen, Cao Chang-Yi, Zhang Qiu-Ying, Li Yan-Hua, Wu Xiu-Hong, Wang Guo-Dong and Du Wei-Guang",authors:[{id:"33318",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiangwen",middleName:null,surname:"Pan",fullName:"Xiangwen Pan",slug:"xiangwen-pan"},{id:"33332",title:"Mr",name:"Changyi",middleName:null,surname:"Cao",fullName:"Changyi Cao",slug:"changyi-cao"},{id:"85853",title:"Dr",name:"Yan-Hua",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Yan-Hua Li",slug:"yan-hua-li"},{id:"85854",title:"Dr",name:"Guo-Dong",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Guo-Dong Wang",slug:"guo-dong-wang"},{id:"85855",title:"Dr",name:"Wei-Guang",middleName:null,surname:"Du",fullName:"Wei-Guang Du",slug:"wei-guang-du"},{id:"92385",title:"Dr.",name:"Qiuying",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",fullName:"Qiuying Zhang",slug:"qiuying-zhang"},{id:"92386",title:"Dr.",name:"Xiu-hong",middleName:null,surname:"Wu",fullName:"Xiu-hong Wu",slug:"xiu-hong-wu"}]},{id:"23500",title:"Transformation of Soybean Oil to Various Self-Assembled Supramolecular Structures",slug:"transformation-of-soybean-oil-to-various-self-assembled-supramolecular-structures",signatures:"Arumugam Gnanamani, Varadharajan Kavitha, Ganesan Sekaran and Asit Baran Mandal",authors:[{id:"29730",title:"Prof.",name:"Arumugam",middleName:null,surname:"Gnanamani",fullName:"Arumugam Gnanamani",slug:"arumugam-gnanamani"},{id:"41589",title:"Ms.",name:"V",middleName:null,surname:"Kavitha",fullName:"V Kavitha",slug:"v-kavitha"},{id:"62298",title:"Dr.",name:"Asit Baran",middleName:null,surname:"Mandal",fullName:"Asit Baran Mandal",slug:"asit-baran-mandal"},{id:"114940",title:"Dr.",name:"Ganesan",middleName:null,surname:"Sekaran",fullName:"Ganesan Sekaran",slug:"ganesan-sekaran"}]},{id:"23501",title:"Soybean: Plant Manipulation to Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation",slug:"soybean-plant-manipulation-to-agrobacterium-mediated-transformation",signatures:"Muhammad Zia",authors:[{id:"36643",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad",middleName:null,surname:"Zia",fullName:"Muhammad Zia",slug:"muhammad-zia"}]},{id:"23502",title:"Salt-Tolerant Acid Proteases: Purification, Identification, Enzyme Characteristics, and Applications for Soybean Paste and Sauce Industry",slug:"salt-tolerant-acid-proteases-purification-identification-enzyme-characteristics-and-applications-for",signatures:"Xiao Ting Fu and Sang Moo Kim",authors:[{id:"37235",title:"Prof.",name:"Sang Moo",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Sang Moo Kim",slug:"sang-moo-kim"},{id:"48725",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiao Ting",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",fullName:"Xiao Ting Fu",slug:"xiao-ting-fu"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"75486",title:"Intentional Teaching: Building Resiliency and Trauma-Sensitive Cultures in Schools",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.96571",slug:"intentional-teaching-building-resiliency-and-trauma-sensitive-cultures-in-schools",body:'\nAdversity and crises are commonplace throughout the world, with most individuals having experienced at least one adverse event in their lifetime. Yet these experiences and the ability to effectively adapt to them vary significantly from person to person [1, 2]. Significant events such as school shootings, natural disasters, and societal unrest have regularly gained national attention and created crises in educational systems that required responses. Adverse events have shown us that all contexts of individual lives are impacted, including educational environments, and that no one environment will solely be influenced [1, 3, 4]. Therefore, in the face of the current pandemic, we must recognize the impact on all spheres of an individual’s life when designing education and learning opportunities. The previous crisis events were on a small scale, short-term basis, and did not create the type of disruption that has been seen in the current pandemic. Covid-19 has presented a crisis that has influenced the entire globe and has fundamentally altered education as we know it. Being quickly found to spread via person-to-person transmission, the widespread response to Covid-19 was to implement social distancing measures, including at times quarantine, designed to curb the spread [5, 6]. Consistent messages from leaders in governments across the world emphasized the concept of flattening the curve, by measures such as staying indoors, working from home where possible, the closures of businesses and schools, and avoiding social gatherings [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
\nWhile Covid-19 is not the only crisis that the educational system has ever faced, it is the one with the most widespread impact and that has posted the greatest number of challenges to overcome. In all of the other crisis experienced, the educational system did not have to make the shift away from in person instruction the way that they have in response to Covid-19. This past year has uprooted the world of education and has pulled the curtain open to just how unprepared educators and systems of education are for crisis situations. Covid-19 created a fast and unique challenge to educational systems, many of which were not equipped to pivot and change course. Educators were asked in a matter of days to completely shift from traditional education modalities to emergency remote learning, in many cases without the skills and resources to do so [10, 11]. As a result of this quick changing landscape of uncertainty, educators were forced to pivot to creative models for instructional delivery including online methods, both synchronous and asynchronous, hybrid models, and flipped classrooms. The introduction and incorporation of learning management systems became commonplace with many students and educators quickly being pushed out of their comfort zones and into educational environments that they were not equipped to manage [8, 11]. While some educators may have been prepared to face such a situation, the vast majority had to make major overhauls to their teaching in a short time without the training, support, or emotional bandwidth necessary [8, 11, 12]. These demands added pressure to already stressed and under resourced educators who were transitioning out of their classrooms and into their homes. Classrooms where boards and erasers sat empty while bedrooms, kitchens, living rooms, and closets became home offices. It was clear through the immediate change of course that the priority was safety rather of students, educators, and society rather than learning experiences [9, 10, 11]. Initial messages received from educational systems and administrators to maintain the continuity of instructional methods and academic rigor, quickly shifted into how can we keep students from being overwhelmed and ensure they feel supported [10]? Educators were often expected to reach unattainable goals with inadequate tools.
\nWhile initially many may have been pleased by the thought of having an extended break from school, the reality of what it meant to alter the instructional process so vastly coupled with the uncertainty as to when a return to education as usual could occur quickly created stress and confusion in many educators and students [9]. Both Educators and students quickly faced challenges related to technology, travel restrictions impacted foreign exchange students, isolation, and mental health exacerbations [8, 9, 13, 14]. In the absence of typical preparation time, the result was a chaotic transition in which educators attempted to transfer learning environments built upon face-to-face dynamics online in most cases to whatever learning management system their school system had access to [11]. This type of disruption has widespread emotional influences for both students and educators related to identity, safety, and success. Even instructors who have well-established identities as educators will experience stress and anxiety in the face of change and uncertainty. Technology such as laptop computers, cell phones, and tablets that were once seen as detrimental to the learning process and banned from schools, quicky became the catalyst for instructional delivery.
\nCovid-19 has impacted the lives of educators and students far beyond the learning environment and such contextual factors cannot be ignored if we are to effectively provide instruction in times of uncertainty. The loss of face-to-face interactions was a necessary sacrifice to ensure the safety of the larger population, implying that staying home and social distancing equated to safety [8, 9, 14]. Yet it was not just the educators who were asked to quickly transition to remote learning and to move out of the traditional classroom and into their homes for a vastly different educational experience. For many students’ home does offer the safety that it was conceptualized to, and in many cases it created a profound loss of a school environment that allowed time away from challenging home environments [15, 16] It is important to recognize that for some students home is not a safe environment nor is it always conducive to academic achievement [8, 10, 15, 16]. These challenges for students are intensified by the lack of support from the school environment, community supports, and isolation created by social distancing guidelines [11, 16]. In addition to the vast disparities in home environments [8], geographic distance can directly contribute to teacher and student isolation. Educators became increasingly crucial in providing effective social interactions and assisting in combatting isolation that has been experienced by many. New educator responsibilities increasingly include reassuring students and parents, assisting students in the management of their learning resources, and finding creative ways build virtual communities.
\nWhile online instruction has been commonplace for quite some time there is a stark difference between individuals who sign up for an online course and those who are forced into it without preparation. The flexibility that is touted as a major benefit to online learning may not be experienced by many students as access to technology, support, and resources to make online learning a success simply does not exist [6, 7, 10, 17]. While online education is not a new phenomenon, its widespread emergency implementation was wrought with challenges due to the lack of preparedness in educational systems for such a crisis [6, 7, 8, 9]. While most educational systems implement some form of technology, many did not incorporate online learning platforms that could readily sustain a shift of such magnitude to a fully online environment [8, 9]. While there exists a plethora of digital technology to transition in traditional teaching models to the online environment, the incorporation of such models requires planning, resources, and effective training, none of which the current pandemic afforded [6, 7, 8, 9].
\nEducation provides a stabilizing element for children throughout the world and its absence has been felt, recognized, and appreciated, which represents a perspective shift from previous dependence on it and the expectation of it. Educators and systems of education should seek to harness this recognition and the challenges experienced in the face of an emergency transition to remote learning to create a path forward that strengthens not only our ability to deliver instruction but also our preparedness for the future [11]. We are uniquely poised amid the current pandemic, after the rush of the emergency transition of Spring 2020 has ended, to recognize the critical role that education plays in every aspect of our society and the widespread impact that is felt when “education as usual” dissipates. While the hope of a return to “normal” exists in the hearts of educators and educational systems worldwide, these experiences can be utilized to not only inform ongoing pedagogy but also to further develop the multiple pathways to learning available to educators and students [6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14]. Thus, it is useful to explore both the challenges and successes experienced during this time to not only ensure success in the future but to also to incorporate the strengths that have emerged into ongoing pedagogy and to create intentional teaching strategies that will lead us into the “new normal.”
\nAdversity in the educational environment has been experienced by many school systems with events such as school shootings having a major influence on the perception of safety, the experience of stress and distress, and increase the risk of trauma responses in students [18, 19]. Yet most students who experience significant adverse events in schools have been found to fully recover, there are students who will develop clinical disorders such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in their aftermath [18]. Traumatic exposure has been linked to a multitude of issues in children and adolescents including low academic performance, difficulties in interpersonal relationships with peers and adults, engagement in high-risk behaviors, and disruptions to the developmental trajectory [17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24]. School systems are often the entryway through which students access and are referred for mental health support services, with more students receiving help this way than seeking out community based mental health clinics [20]. Trauma exposure presents a unique challenge to educators and educational systems who must strike a balance between their primary goal of academic instruction and the reality that without support the entire child, the goal of education is not attainable [17, 20]. The use of trauma informed instruction and trauma sensitive pedagogy can help to buffer the influence of adverse events on students and educators [17] and is crucial to successful instruction and learning in the face of a global pandemic.
\nIn non-crisis times, research suggests that half to two-thirds of all students will experience a traumatic or adverse event [19, 23, 25] with estimates from the National Survey of Children’s health reporting that 46 percent of children under the age of 18 have experienced an adverse event, and 11 percent have experienced three or more adverse events Historically, the concept of trauma is often conceptualized in a pathological light which overlooks the impact of adverse events in everyday life, including the role of social traumas, that can influence the way in which individuals interact with and perceive the world [3, 26, 27]. More recent definitions have expanded trauma from a life-threatening event to include real or perceived threats to individuals physical or psychological well-being with the potential for lasting effects [26, 27, 28]. These definitions recognize that as social beings, we are influenced by interactions with those around us and the events that we are exposed to in society and that these events, when they create a real or perceived threat to our psychological well-being can create a stress response in individuals [26, 27, 28]. This definition allows for the way in which the event is experienced by the individual, the inter and intrapersonal contexts, to be the avenue by which reactions are determined [26, 27].
\nCovid-19 has the potential to create stress and trauma reactions in children and adults as they are facing prolonged, chaotic, and unpredictable disruptions in their daily lives, that is based on a perceived danger that is unknown to them and is outside of the control of themselves or their families [6, 16, 28]. These factors have been known to create physiological stress and distress reactions and may be particularly significant for children who have a history of exposure to adverse situations [16]. The current pandemic social distancing guidelines have also increased the prolonged exposure to adversity in home environments that are no longer buffered by time spent in school [13]. In addition, it has added additional socioemotional and financial stress to many families who may lack the coping skills or resources to effectively manage it, resulting in an increase in violence and exposure to maladaptive home environments [13, 29]. Increased family stress related to financial hardships, isolation, and an inability to meet basic needs have become increasingly common and disproportionately so in lower socioeconomic and minority groups, exacerbating pre-existent disparities [17, 26]. Stress responses and trauma are disproportionately experienced by marginalized populations [6, 13, 26] and the current pandemic is no exception with minority groups experiencing more health-related negative outcomes related to Covid-19 than their counterparts [30].
\nWhile trauma experiences have been correlated to specific responses and characteristics, student stress responses may not always directly reflective the typical presentation [17, 19, 31]. While educators can start by developing an understanding of the way in which trauma can influence the emotions and behaviors of students [32], in order to truly understand the multiple consequences of stress and trauma, educations can seek to adopt a trauma sensitive lens. This approach allows educators to view students in their current contexts and to recognize how stress or trauma may be influencing their current presentation [32]. The use of trauma sensitive instruction helps to shift the perception of students from a reaction to their behaviors to an exploration of the events or context that have had a hand in the development of the behaviors [17, 33] and creates increased ability to find compassion rather than negativity and to create instruction that can meet the needs of individual students. This may also be particularly important in reducing existing and exacerbated disparities in student achievement [17, 33]. It is important to recognize the cumulative impact of stress and trauma for individuals and the role that trauma sensitive instruction can play in decreasing the stress experienced by students and educators [32].
\nTrauma sensitive instruction is not simply the implementation of instructional strategies to enhance student learning, it is the creation of a culture throughout all levels of an educational system that is committed to the provision of instruction in a manner that recognizes trauma responses and fosters resilience [26, 32, 33]. It builds upon the goals of prevention and early intervention that are already deeply imbedded in our educational systems [24]. The implementation of trauma sensitive instruction does not seek to pathologize the experience but rather to identify effective ways to engage all students regardless of the presence of a known adverse experience [32]. A trauma sensitive instruction model assumes that all students have experienced adverse events rather than attempting to identify pathological responses in individual students [32]. These practices will need to be aligned with current instructional methods at all levels to be effective [33].
\nIt is a critical time to recognize the role that educators and educational systems play in creating a conducive learning environment and the direct connection between long-term outcomes and educational achievement [12, 17]. To effectively assist students in the face of not only the current pandemic but also with the recognition of the many adversities that they will face throughout their education and life, instruction that is student-centered and responsive to the frequently changing needs of students will be critical. This includes the implementation of flexible learning environments and relational pedagogy as avenues to promote student engagement and the development of resilience to stress [6, 17, 34]. In its implementation trauma sensitive instruction emphasizes the use of relational pedagogy to foster shared responsibility and decision making [6, 12, 17] breaking down the power dynamics and empowering students to co-facilitate their own educational experiences [35]. This approach recognizes the value in listening to students and respects their ability to be directive in their learning trajectories [17]. Trauma sensitive instruction promotes collaboration through transparency, authentic engagement, and an understanding of what both students and educators regard as important and useful to the process.
\nWhile traditional learning models focus on the educator as the transmitter of knowledge [36], here the emphasis is also on the student’s construction of their learning experiences. This requires a widening of perspective that balances instruction provision with overall well-being of students [17, 35]. For students who face uncertainties such as the current pandemic or other adverse life events, an effective learning environment incorporates the educator as an academic facilitator and guide with student as co-creator [17]. Trauma sensitive approaches emphasize positive relationships as the catalyst for the development of the foundation for learning and represent a shift away from behavior management models and punitive responses [17]. To be effective, educators must take a proactive approach, providing support and encouragement to actively participate and rewards for taking responsibility for the learning process [17, 34]. This paradigm may also help to balance out the challenges faced by educators and educational systems to emphasis standardized tests and student performance measures and introduce more student-centered accountability measures [17]. Trauma sensitive practices can facilitate the development of self-regulation and foster the development of long-term self-management skills that increase the potential for academic success.
\nWhile educators have recognized the importance of attending to student emotional well-being, challenges have been identified in implementing practices that are conducive to such a holistic approach such as large class sizes, demands of preparation and responsibilities, lack of resources, and systemic support [35, 37, 38]. Additionally, Baweja and colleagues found that there is a need to create shared understandings across educators and educational systems of trauma and to provide educators with training on how to identify and respond to trauma [37]. Directly tying in adverse experiences in school districts and student populations was found to increase educator support of these approaches and decrease concerns related to loss of instructional time [37]. The ability for educators to buy into a shift in paradigm will allow for the recognition that finding the time to teach resilience is not time wasted.
\nThe current pandemic has poised educators and educational systems to influence well-being despite an ever changing, chaotic landscape. The ability to facilitate connection building can decrease the isolation experiences and assist educators in restoring their own sense of professional identity [17]. While traditional education exists within the walls of a school building and boundaries of teacher/student relationships, Covid-19 has brought educators into the homes and lives of students, allowing for the opportunity to develop relationships in a new way.
\nTrauma sensitive instruction is a pathway to the creation of safe spaces for students to process their experienced and challenge themselves academically. Educators and educational systems are tasked with providing instruction and support not only on the academic plane, but they are also looked upon to promote healthy social relationships between students, to meet the needs of each individual student in their classes and to create a milieu in which all students feel valued and supported. The concept of safe spaces has been discussed regularly in the literature on education and has been incorporated into teaching pedagogy by many educators and educational systems. A safe space has been defined by Holley and Steiner as a climate in which students feel safe expressing themselves openly and honestly, taking risks to explore the root of their views, beliefs, and opinions and in many cases confronting themselves and others [38]. This definition highlights that it is not the physical space that is safe or the catalyst for the experience of safety, rather it is a climate that is free from the potential for of psychological or emotional harm [15, 38, 39, 40, 41]. It is a definition that highlights the educational contexts that have been found to foster intellectual and social learning for students [43]. In practice, this educational milieu is free from purposeful embarrassment and facilitates risk taking by students in the learning process, making this environment a place where failure is an option and accepted [38, 39]. Safe spaces are built upon mutual respect and promote healthy social interactions and an atmosphere for community building and academic success [38, 39]. These learning environments recognize the connectedness between student well-being and their academic achievement [40] and seek to balance both presenting needs.
\nSafe spaces are not environments that are free from discomfort or controversy but rather they are environments that foster the ability to have challenging conversations without the threat of emotional harm or judgment [39, 43]. Safe classroom spaces can decrease the negative experiences of students who are willing to take risks in sharing their views and experiences by engaging in personal disclosure [39]. As a pedagogical approach, safe spaces refer to the actual experiences of students in the classroom as being free of fear, self-doubt, and social exclusion creating the intellectual and emotional safety necessary to openly disclose information that they otherwise may have self-censored [41, 42]. They value opportunities to where students openly demonstrate their individuality and supportively acknowledge the experiences of discomfort or struggle [38, 39]. Educators of safe classrooms balance the curriculum, pedagogy and assessment measures that balance risk and rewards [43].
\nIn non-crisis times, educators recognize the struggles that students often have with class requirements such as participation, group work, and presentations, these challenges do not dissipate in the online environment [43] and may be exacerbated by the stress that already exists in mastering the transition online. While instruction is often built around the expectation of personal risk-taking and critical inquiry to foster and self-determine intellectual advancement, this pedagogy is best paired with an environment that makes it safe to do so [43].
\nIn the face of Covid-19, societal unrest, and widespread controversy, students are regularly exposed to a multitude of attitudes and beliefs about social distancing practices, governmental responses, and safety which can increase their experience of anxiety and create confusion related to whom they can trust [15, 44]. We would be remiss if we did not recognize that not only was the introduction of social distancing meant to stop the spread of a pandemic illness, there was also a very real component of fear as messages that safety is best achieved by staying home became commonplace and began to influence the behaviors and daily lives of individuals and families across the globe [15]. The Covid-19 pandemic, with social distancing and safety protocols, has created a gap in the emotional and community support that individuals have access to increasing feelings of isolation and anxiety [44].
\nSafe spaces incorporated into educational practices afford students the experience of consistency and continuity in the face of quickly changing contextual landscapes [15]. There is a need to create environments where fears and concerns about Covid-19 and other adverse life experiences can safely be talked about rather than proceeding with instruction as if nothing is remiss. The avoidance of these conversation ignores the stress and experiences that many students and educators are experiencing and misses crucial moments to develop relationships through transparency, vulnerability, and shared experiences [10]. Instead, educators can increase their emotional presence thereby creating a climate of empathy and compassion [6] and normalizing conversations about emotional health and holistic well-being. While we can recognize that students may not be able to retain all of the information that they learn during times of adversity, the experiences and feelings that they had during this time can frame how they view education moving forward [6].
\nWhile safe spaces have been widely explored in the literature, their ongoing implementation and emphasis as a pedagogical approach represented more of a cultural ideal than a necessary practice [38]. Safe spaces have been correlated with increased student responsibility and engagement in the learning process in traditional educational settings, they may play an even greater role in the success of virtual environments where educators cannot use physical proximity to ensure that behavioral expectations are met [39]. Tasked with the goal of not only providing instruction but also promoting healthy social relationships between students, teachers must explore how they can continue this in a virtual environment.
\nWhile many educators understand how to create safe spaces in their classroom environment, the ability to translate these concepts into an online learning environment requires a different level of understanding of the concept and skills to implement it [45]. This requires starting with the recognition that it is no longer education as usual and using mindfulness to approach online student instruction [45]. As students are exposed to a multitude of new online instructional formats, the need to adapt to them and the rules for each one can be a stressful transition for many, one that needs educator awareness, support, and recognition [45]. We would be remiss if we assumed that student’s ability to utilize technology such as cell phones and social media accounts equates to their ability to navigate new instructional platforms [45].
\nIn order to create safe spaces, educators must move beyond traditional lesson planning, incorporating the flexibility for the vast array of emotions that may be experience by themselves and students through the school day and year [40]. This includes the ability to be vulnerable and a willingness to share about themselves and their experiences [10, 39]. Holley and Steiner found that qualities students identified in educators that fostered a safe environment included being welcoming and approachable, having a non-judgmental demeanor, being emotionally present and supportive of students who take the risk to share [39]. Educators can establish safe classrooms by partnering with students in the development of ground rules for interactions with peers and the teacher and by reinforcing a common understand of appropriate engagement and class climate [39, 46]. The process of student-centered norm development increases buy in from students and the concept of co-creators of the classroom community. These rules include the recognition that we cannot share in a manner that is intended to harm another student and providing examples of constructive framing and inappropriate sharing are useful to establishing shared responsibility [39]. While it is tempting to utilize all of the technological opportunities available, and to find new innovative and creative ways to deliver lessons, educators must consider the benefits of consistency and simplicity and the comfort that is brought to students through routines [46]. Educators can utilize specific positive feedback as a way to highlight that there are positives in all that students share [46, 47] and to demonstrate that they are listening and value what students share with them [17]. Students also described safe classrooms as having educators that were culturally sensitive, attended to the cultural issues that occurred in the classroom and valued the diversity of the students [39, 48]. This practice helps to create inclusion and a greater sense of belonging for underrepresented groups that can experience increased vulnerability in the classroom [43].
\nWhile safe classrooms foster students’ willingness to question their own beliefs, they also require educators to be willing to look at their beliefs and to recognize when there may be errors in their logic [39]. Educators are role models for students and as such can model the types of interactions that are expected in the classroom [39]. Evidence suggests that students in safe spaces perform better academically [39, 40]. Holley and Steiner found that students valued safe classroom spaces and identified this milieu as playing a role in both what they learned and how much they learned [39]. Students reported that safe classroom environments gave them additional learning opportunities by exposing them to the ideas and experiences of other students, thereby helping to expand their personal views, increase their creativity and facilitating experiential learning [39]. Further students reported that they learned more in safe classroom spaces and that this knowledge was more likely to be practically applied to their lives and fields of study [39]. Safe spaces were found to increase student self-awareness, communication skills and to create an environment where they felt challenged to learn [39]. This is consistent with research that found increased academic performance in safe classrooms, particularly in environments that created connectedness between students and educators [38].
\nSafe spaces allow students to express themselves and experiment with their identity, this includes their place in social structures and provides experiences in managing social pressures across the multiple contexts in their lives [41]. They build upon the social nature of children and the social expectations that they are presented with [41]. It is important to recognize that not all students will experience safe spaces equally and that classroom climate will need to be a fluid construct as students experience changing relational and social contexts [41]. While it is unclear how the educational system will define itself after Covid-19, it is clear that the integration of safe spaces increases outcomes and enhances learning opportunities for students and helps to decrease disparities. Safe spaces can create a positive climate that facilitates participatory engagement and responsibility for learning outcomes.
\nOnline education programs, while increasingly popular has heard many criticisms for lack of rigor, similar costs, low student success rates, are generally revered as less desirable than traditional educational environments [49, 50]. This view became intensified in the Spring of 2020 when many chaotic transitions to online education left educators, educational systems, students and the public questioning the education students would receive in coming academic years in the face of a continuing pandemic. This may have perpetuated the misconception that online education is inferior to classroom instruction and that education as usual is the best option for school systems as educators did not have access to the preparation time necessary to create and design virtual courses [6, 11]. This left many simply transferring their classroom work into online platforms [6, 11]. Yet online education has been an attractive option for many students and families due to its accessibility, convenience, and student-driven learning strategies [15, 50]. It also, when planned and implemented correctly, has the ability to sustain educational systems facing adverse situations.
\nCovid-19 has left footprints on the educational system that will last for years to come and presents a unique opportunity to transform traditional educational modalities into contemporary learning models. While the transition in the Spring of 2020 was emergent, the academic year 2020–2021 was not and it has opened the door to embracing successes and challenges to formulate new educational milieus constructed from these experiences. These instructional strategies and educational environments would move beyond a crisis response and shift pedagogy and educational emphasis.
\nWhile social distancing in its earlier conceptualizations referred to the cultural and social distance between groups in society, it has now taken a broader that encompasses physical distance as well [15]. It is with intention that we must recognize the different comfort levels and experiences of educators and students during the pandemic and varying levels of restrictions, and to recognize the cultural context in which these experiences exist [15]. While there is a significant benefit to being able to create continuity through continued education, the transition of traditional education online is not without obstacles. While some students will excel in models of self-regulated learning, others will flounder and feel lost. Students have struggles with self-direction, access to learning materials and learning environments as well as feelings of isolation [51, 52]. When students and educators transitioned out of classrooms that were free from distractions and into their homes that often house siblings, other family members, and pets, all of whom are also participating in daily life while students are attempting to focus on remote learning.
\nEducators and systems of education must be up to the task of preparing to respond not only to the unique needs of each student but also to the multiple contexts in which students lives exist. For the vast majority of students, this is their first exposure to social distancing, stay at home orders, and the many restrictions that have been put in place as a result of the pandemic, including an emergency remote learning shift [53]. Many students have experienced anxieties related to how Covid-19 will impact their academic performance and their ability to continue to progress academically, having their previous identities as students shaken [53].
\nAlthough technology is commonplace in our daily lives and allows us to stay connected when geographic location prohibits it, it does not readily replace the connections that exist when we are able to be in close physical proximity of others. Technology has helped us to facilitate education when the current public health situation prevented meeting physically, however, technology is only one piece of the success of remote learning. While technology regularly has its place as a supplemental learning tool, Covid-19 has been the first time that it has been used to replace face-to-face instruction [54]. Educators must be intentional in building classroom communities that create connection to the students and that foster connections between students. The transition to remote learning creates a shift in classroom milieu when students can no longer receive non-verbal cues from the reactions of educators and other students that must be considered when planning online learning communities [52, 55]. When educators and students meet in person, they can readily recognize when the material is not resonating for a student or when a lesson plan needs to be extended or adjusted based upon what they can see from students’ reactions, however, this can be quite different in a virtual environment and requires creativity and flexibility to build a community that fosters what may have come naturally before. Educators can utilize their understanding of contextual influences, trauma responses, and stressors to create safe spaces for equitable learning experiences for all students.
\nTechnology was the cornerstone of ensuring that the educational system was able to continue to function in the face of a global crisis. As such, individuals with limited technological resources or that had poor internet connection were at a significant disadvantage during this transition [7, 12, 53, 58, 59]. School systems found themselves faced with large percentages of their population lacking the basic technological resources and internet to participate remotely, thus creating a demand for the distribution of resources to families and students in need [7, 60]. Students in remote and rural areas struggle with network capacity, leading to loss of educational opportunities [53, 58, 59, 60, 61]. Socio-economic status has also been found to be directly linked to technological resources, as the poverty level increases in a community the rate of technological resources decrease [12, 56]. While many school systems were able to ameliorate the lack of technological by distributing resources to many students and their families, the transition to remote learning was slowed for these students, creating concern around loss time and instruction [7, 12, 61].
\nThis raises significant concern regarding a system that is tasked with bridging the equality gaps of its students that was significantly usurped in this effort by a pandemic that accelerated educational inequalities at an alarming rate [12, 57, 60]. Many students who previously had relied upon the school resources for access to technology were at a significant disadvantage to students who had access to personal technological resources [56, 57]. Equity issues related to social capital, access, and vulnerabilities were reported by students creating a widespread concern for the exclusion of marginalized populations due to widening inequities [50, 60]. Even for students who do have access to the internet, many do not have the adequate skills to navigate the multilevel learning modules and online platforms in this new learning modality [53]. There is a vast array of technological platforms and applications that can be employed in remote learning, however, this requires users to be able to navigate the technical configurations which requires digital competence that all students do not possess [58].
\nThe vast differences in educational systems availability of infrastructure and technology that prepared them to transition in emergent situations contributed to the differences experienced by students and education in the weeks following the Covid-19 restrictions [8, 62]. Integrated learning modules and technology to support practical experiences has been significantly lacking highlighting the need for innovated practices such as video simulations and practical exams to assist in closing the gap [60, 63]. Many educational systems were forced to engage in experimental labs by observation rather than participation. Attention will need to be paid the incorporation of field and research experiences to prevent students graduating without skills necessary to be successful [63]. Ensuring that all content is available and accessible from a variety of devices increases the possibility that students who will be able to access it regardless of whether or not they have access to a computer or laptop device [50].
\nThe delivery of quality education is the cornerstone of our educational systems, assessment is often regarded in a similar light, as the means to identify whether students are being given access to and learning what is expected of them. Assessment allows for the evaluation of what students have learned and thus must exist in a manner that is representative of the learning environment, even in times of remote learning and social distancing. The recent transition to multiple online teaching models has increased concern regarding how to effectively assess students without increasing dishonesty and maintaining the reliability and validity of assessment measures [9]. The current crisis has created a demand for measures of assessment of student learning and outcomes that is fair, safe, feasible, while maintaining its reliability and validity.
\nThe shift to online learning has left students concerned about how their learning environments and opportunities will influence their academic reports and tests [9]. The use of adequate and innovative tools for evaluation and self-evaluation are especially necessary during the Covid-19 pandemic in order to be representative of the changing learning environment and provide students with adequate feedback on their performance. Educators and educational systems have a unique opportunity to create flexibility in assessment methodologies and to harness technology to create innovative measures of educational achievement. Rather than trying to identify ways in which educators can supervise assessment measures remotely and continue with education as usual, harnessing the available media and digital technologies that include text, video, imaging, presentations etc. may be more effective ways for students to demonstrate achievement and progress in a multitude of ways [36]. Digital technology allows for the use of varied timescales for assessment and decreases the need for measures that are time sensitive or location driven [36]. They also readily allow for student accommodations due to individual needs such as extended time with technology also affording the opportunity to access assessments from multiple digital platforms [36].
\nEducators and students have highlighted the use of informal assessment measures such as self-check quizzes as useful measures of performance and opportunities for feedback without the high stakes of more formal assessment measures [64, 65]. Alternative options such as discussion prompts, video submissions, and collaborative assignments are just the beginning of the creative ways that academic progress can be measured. Educators have reported challenges for integration of innovative assessment measures including time management due to the additional time it takes to provide feedback to assignments such as discussion posts, papers, and other measures using new online technologies [64, 65]. The use of students as moderators or asking students to provide peer feedback may help to reduce some of these stressors for educators. Students have experienced challenges related to the complexity of assessment measures in a time where contact with the educator does not occur in real time [64] and where they are not able to ask questions while taking the assessment as they would traditionally. In order to bridge this gap in support, educators can break down assignments into smaller pieces, providing multiple opportunities for feedback, provide tutorials for students, as well as rubrics that highlight the features of the assignment that will be the major portions of the student’s grade [64].
\nThe online learning environment leverages technological tools to shift the focus from the educator to that of the student. Such pedagogical styles as inquiry-based learning, problem-centered learning, and integrative learning can be employed to shift the role of educator from one of provider of information to that of co-creator of a dynamic learning process [11]. These pedagogical approaches are conducive to trauma sensitive instruction and the facilitation of safe educational spaces. Educators can create collaborations with students as partners in the learning process [43] thereby increasing student responsibility for their learning and creating a sense of ownership and empowerment [50]. Students should be challenged to discover content rather than be provided with it as an avenue to deepen their learning [11] this includes a conscious shift to activity-based learning assignments in lieu of recorded lectures and assigned readings [66]. To effectively do so, online learning must be structured in such a way that allows for ease of use, with assignments that are clear to understand thereby decreasing stress levels. While technology tools to provide instruction are plentiful, educators should seek to simplify the process as often as possible and avoid multiple logins, passwords, and platforms for students to learn thereby decreasing the possibility of confusion and anxiety [66]. Educators can also increase effectiveness by implementing modular teaching practices, providing clear structure, breaking up content into smaller pieces, and using repetition as a tool [51].
\nTo provide effective learning opportunities to students we must attend to all contexts in which they are influenced, as all contexts will influence their capacity to learn [12]. Educators can recognize that in the face of global adversity that humility, grace, and unity are at the foundation of instructional success [50]. Conversations about Covid-19 and other adversities that students experience should be talked about including prevention strategies, information regarding public safety, and mental health education [8]. Experiences such as the transition to remote learning should be openly discussed including shifts in expectations, participatory roles, and implementation of technology such as cameras. Educator presence places a central role in the effectiveness of remote learning and experiences of students, perhaps more than in face-to-face classrooms [11, 12, 51]. Educators are challenged to find their voice and presence in an environment where time and space have shifted and are not always synchronous [51, 66] and many students have reported that positive teacher-student interactions are lacking in remote learning [11, 54]. Educators should be planful in their delivery methods of instruction and create multiple communication pathways for students to have access to support and clarification [66]. Assignments and learning expectations should match student readiness, identified with an understanding of all contextual factors, and should seek to be effective yet brief whenever possible to combat student concentration and attending challenges [51].
\nRecommendations include building the technical infrastructure to provide learning platforms that are easy to access and organized in a manner that is consistent and easy to follow [8, 9, 63]. This includes structure to online learning platforms that is consistent and orderly. Routine can be established in remote learning using consistency in due dates and assignments. All students should have access to the necessary technology, placing a need on educational systems to ensure that families are provided with electronic devices and internet capabilities whenever needed [63]. Educators will also need to be provided with home-based teaching materials that allow for ease of instruction. This includes providing accessible online resources and the consideration of incorporating open access materials to provide additional learning opportunities for students [14, 55].
\nWhile educators are revered as experts in their subject matter and have practical teaching experience in a traditional classroom, this does not readily translate into expertise in delivery of instruction online [54]. Educators will benefit from professional development that focuses on pedagogical differences in online learning and developing skills in the use of e-learning tools for assessment and instructional delivery [9, 11, 53, 55, 57, 63]. This includes ways to effectively create classroom climate, encourage student engagement, and ways to provide feedback in real time to students thereby decreasing experiences of confusion and isolation [50, 54]. As educational narratives are changing, pedagogical approaches and methods of interacting need to shift to remain relevant and effective. Trainings and ongoing supports from educational systems should emphasize the demands on educators during times of change, highlighting self-care strategies and building awareness of emotional and psychological responses to crises [40].
\nEducational systems should work to develop opportunities for practical classroom experiences, such as laboratories, harnessing community resources and stakeholders whenever possible [63]. The incorporation of low-stakes or ungraded assessment measures that allow students to receive feedback and educators to track student progress can bridge the gap created by the lack of face-to-face observations [64]. Educators and school systems while understandably caught off guard by a global pandemic, now have the experience to ensure that there are contingency plans for all issues that may arise. Implementation of emergency plans for scenarios such as technological issues, internet outages, and times where learning platforms are inaccessible can provide students with steps to follow and decrease confusion or learning disruptions [50, 51]. Methods of student communication and information sharing that are consistent create ease of implementation of back up plans and ensure that students are not scrambling if something does not go according to plan. While the Spring of 2020 created an emergency response in educators, felt widely by students, preparedness can decrease the experience of emergency and provide reassurance and consistency. Continency planning also creates the flexibility to pivot and switch as necessary which is particularly useful in the face of a global adversity that is long-lasting and is experienced in waves [51].
\nAlthough it is still unclear how the current pandemic will shape educational practices, it presents a significant opportunity to integrate engaging pedagogies, assessment strategies, and interactive technologies to build innovative classroom environments [36]. The quick pivot out of the classroom in the face of the current pandemic created a response of emergency remote teaching and with it many challenges and concerns related to teaching infrastructure, teacher preparedness including training and support, as well as the need to consider the uniqueness of an at home environment versus being in a classroom [8, 51]. Educators have not all been equally prepared for the fast shift to remote learning and there appears to be a lack of mentorship and support designed to increase teacher competency in using digital technologies in an efficient and effective manner [8, 66]. In the emergent transition to remote learning, decisions were often made without an understanding of how the pandemic and resulting experiences have impacted student’s ability to learn and has raised concerns regarding the quality of the instruction that they have received [7, 9] exacerbating an already critical lens of online learning. As educational systems have transitioned out of the emergency learning contexts of the Spring of 2020 and into a continued mix of in person, hybrid, and remote learning, it is important that educators and educational systems are able to develop quality instruction and learning environments. If we are planful, educational systems can emerge from this from this global crisis stronger and poised to create long needed changes in learning access and equity.
\nAdopting a pedagogy of care [6], trauma sensitive instruction, as well as creating safe classroom environments can increase educational outcomes for students both during adverse times and in traditional educational delivery. There are many positive opportunities that will arise from the forced transitions of pandemic education that should be implemented into the “new normal.” Educational systems can emerge stronger and educator training programs can utilize this opportunity to incorporate all methods of teaching thus ensuring that all future educators have the capacity to teach in multiple modalities [50]. Educational systems must invest in the necessary resources and educator professional development to lead the educational system forward into new diverse times.
\nThe author declares no conflict of interest.
IntechOpen publishes different types of publications
",metaTitle:"Types of publications",metaDescription:"IntechOpen publishes different types of publications",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:null,contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"IntechOpen Edited Volumes are integrated collections of chapters about particular topics that present new areas of research or novel syntheses of existing research and, as such, represent perspectives from various authors.
\\n\\nEdited Volumes can be comprised of different types of chapters:
\\n\\nRESEARCH CHAPTER – A research chapter reports the results of original research thus contributing to the body of knowledge in a particular area of study.
\\n\\nREVIEW CHAPTER – A review chapter analyzes or examines research previously published by other scientists, rather than reporting new findings thus summarizing the current state of understanding on a topic.
\\n\\nCASE STUDY – A case study involves an in-depth, and detailed examination of a particular topic.
\\n\\nPERSPECTIVE CHAPTER – A perspective chapter offers a new point of view on existing problems, fundamental concepts, or common opinions on a specific topic. Perspective chapters can propose or support new hypotheses, or discuss the significance of newly achieved innovations. Perspective chapters can focus on current advances and future directions on a topic and include both original data and personal opinion.
\\n\\nINTRODUCTORY CHAPTER – An introductory chapter states the purpose and goals of the book. The introductory chapter is written by the Academic Editor.
\\n\\nMonographs is a self-contained work on a particular subject, or an aspect of it, written by one or more authors. Monographs usually have between 130 and 500 pages.
\\n\\nTYPES OF MONOGRAPHS:
\\n\\nSingle or multiple author manuscript
\\n\\nCompacts provide a mid-length publishing format that bridges the gap between journal articles, book chapters, and monographs, and cover content across all scientific disciplines.
\\n\\nCompacts are the preferred publishing option for brief research reports on new topics, in-depth case studies, dissertations, or essays exploring new ideas, issues, or broader topics on the research subject. Compacts usually have between 50 and 130 pages.
\\n\\nCollection of papers presented at conferences, workshops, symposiums, or scientific courses, published in book format
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"IntechOpen Edited Volumes are integrated collections of chapters about particular topics that present new areas of research or novel syntheses of existing research and, as such, represent perspectives from various authors.
\n\nEdited Volumes can be comprised of different types of chapters:
\n\nRESEARCH CHAPTER – A research chapter reports the results of original research thus contributing to the body of knowledge in a particular area of study.
\n\nREVIEW CHAPTER – A review chapter analyzes or examines research previously published by other scientists, rather than reporting new findings thus summarizing the current state of understanding on a topic.
\n\nCASE STUDY – A case study involves an in-depth, and detailed examination of a particular topic.
\n\nPERSPECTIVE CHAPTER – A perspective chapter offers a new point of view on existing problems, fundamental concepts, or common opinions on a specific topic. Perspective chapters can propose or support new hypotheses, or discuss the significance of newly achieved innovations. Perspective chapters can focus on current advances and future directions on a topic and include both original data and personal opinion.
\n\nINTRODUCTORY CHAPTER – An introductory chapter states the purpose and goals of the book. The introductory chapter is written by the Academic Editor.
\n\nMonographs is a self-contained work on a particular subject, or an aspect of it, written by one or more authors. Monographs usually have between 130 and 500 pages.
\n\nTYPES OF MONOGRAPHS:
\n\nSingle or multiple author manuscript
\n\nCompacts provide a mid-length publishing format that bridges the gap between journal articles, book chapters, and monographs, and cover content across all scientific disciplines.
\n\nCompacts are the preferred publishing option for brief research reports on new topics, in-depth case studies, dissertations, or essays exploring new ideas, issues, or broader topics on the research subject. Compacts usually have between 50 and 130 pages.
\n\nCollection of papers presented at conferences, workshops, symposiums, or scientific courses, published in book format
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5816},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5281},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1754},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10511},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:906},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15913}],offset:12,limit:12,total:119060},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{gb:"1"},books:[{type:"book",id:"8969",title:"Deserts and Desertification",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"4df95c7f295de7f6003e635d9a309fe9",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Yajuan Zhu, Dr. Qinghong Luo and Dr. Yuguo Liu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8969.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"180427",title:"Dr.",name:"Yajuan",surname:"Zhu",slug:"yajuan-zhu",fullName:"Yajuan Zhu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8977",title:"Protein Kinase - New Opportunities, Challenges and Future Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"6d200cc031706a565b554fdb1c478901",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8977.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-singh",fullName:"Rajesh Singh"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9667",title:"Neuroimmunology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9cf0e8203ce088c0b84add014fd8d382",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Robert Weissert",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9667.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"79343",title:"Prof.",name:"Robert",surname:"Weissert",slug:"robert-weissert",fullName:"Robert Weissert"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9816",title:"Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"365bb9762ba33db2d07e677690af1772",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Salim Surani and Dr. Venkat Rajasurya",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9816.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"15654",title:"Dr.",name:"Salim",surname:"Surani",slug:"salim-surani",fullName:"Salim Surani"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10176",title:"Microgrids and Local Energy Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c32b4a5351a88f263074b0d0ca813a9c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Nick Jenkins",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10176.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"55219",title:"Prof.",name:"Nick",surname:"Jenkins",slug:"nick-jenkins",fullName:"Nick Jenkins"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10218",title:"Flagellar Motility in Cells",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5fcc15570365a82d9f2c4816f4e0ee2e",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Yusuf Bozkurt",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10218.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"90846",title:"Prof.",name:"Yusuf",surname:"Bozkurt",slug:"yusuf-bozkurt",fullName:"Yusuf Bozkurt"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10223",title:"Obesity and Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c202a2b74cd9a2c44b1c385f103ac65d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Venketeshwer Rao and Dr. Leticia Rao",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10223.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"82663",title:"Dr.",name:"Venketeshwer",surname:"Rao",slug:"venketeshwer-rao",fullName:"Venketeshwer Rao"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10231",title:"Proton Therapy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f4a9009287953c8d1d89f0fa9b7597b0",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10231.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10343",title:"Ocular Hypertension",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0ff71cc7e0d9f394f41162c0c825588a",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Michele Lanza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10343.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"240088",title:"Prof.",name:"Michele",surname:"Lanza",slug:"michele-lanza",fullName:"Michele Lanza"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10370",title:"Advances in Fundamental and Applied Research on Spatial Audio",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f16232a481c08a05cc191ac64cf2c69e",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Brian FG Katz and Dr. Piotr Majdak",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10370.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"278731",title:"Dr.",name:"Brian FG",surname:"Katz",slug:"brian-fg-katz",fullName:"Brian FG Katz"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10504",title:"Crystallization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"3478d05926950f475f4ad2825d340963",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Youssef Ben Smida and Dr. Riadh Marzouki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10504.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"311698",title:"Dr.",name:"Youssef",surname:"Ben Smida",slug:"youssef-ben-smida",fullName:"Youssef Ben Smida"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10519",title:"Middleware Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c326d436ae0f4c508849d2336dbdfb48",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10519.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"26677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehdia",surname:"Ajana El Khaddar",slug:"mehdia-ajana-el-khaddar",fullName:"Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:25},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:25},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:44},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:214},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8445",title:"Dam Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Design and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7e4d2ecbc65d78fa7582e0d2e143906",slug:"dam-engineering-recent-advances-in-design-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Zhongzhi Fu and Erich Bauer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8445.jpg",editors:[{id:"249577",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhongzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"zhongzhi-fu",fullName:"Zhongzhi Fu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3951728ace7f135451d66b72e9908b47",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",editors:[{id:"313528",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8158",title:"Veganism",subtitle:"a Fashion Trend or Food as a Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8e51fc25a379e5b92a270addbb4351d",slug:"veganism-a-fashion-trend-or-food-as-a-medicine",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8158.jpg",editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5315},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8445",title:"Dam Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Design and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7e4d2ecbc65d78fa7582e0d2e143906",slug:"dam-engineering-recent-advances-in-design-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Zhongzhi Fu and Erich Bauer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8445.jpg",editors:[{id:"249577",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhongzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"zhongzhi-fu",fullName:"Zhongzhi Fu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3951728ace7f135451d66b72e9908b47",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",editors:[{id:"313528",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9536",title:"Education at the Intersection of Globalization and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0cf6891060eb438d975d250e8b127ed6",slug:"education-at-the-intersection-of-globalization-and-technology",bookSignature:"Sharon Waller, Lee Waller, Vongai Mpofu and Mercy Kurebwa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9536.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"263302",title:"Dr.",name:"Sharon",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"sharon-waller",fullName:"Sharon Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9524",title:"Organ Donation and Transplantation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6ef47e03cd4e6476946fc28ca51de825",slug:"organ-donation-and-transplantation",bookSignature:"Vassil Mihaylov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9524.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"313113",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Vassil",middleName:null,surname:"Mihaylov",slug:"vassil-mihaylov",fullName:"Vassil Mihaylov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9280",title:"Underwater Work",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"647b4270d937deae4a82f5702d1959ec",slug:"underwater-work",bookSignature:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9280.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"248645",title:"Dr.",name:"Sérgio António",middleName:null,surname:"Neves Lousada",slug:"sergio-antonio-neves-lousada",fullName:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8158",title:"Veganism",subtitle:"a Fashion Trend or Food as a Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8e51fc25a379e5b92a270addbb4351d",slug:"veganism-a-fashion-trend-or-food-as-a-medicine",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8158.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"146",title:"Waste Management",slug:"environmental-sciences-waste-management",parent:{title:"Environmental Sciences",slug:"environmental-sciences"},numberOfBooks:11,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:223,numberOfWosCitations:287,numberOfCrossrefCitations:234,numberOfDimensionsCitations:504,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"environmental-sciences-waste-management",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"8000",title:"Assessment and Management of Radioactive and Electronic Wastes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0195aa3bce1f0c8783649a32a4affeaf",slug:"assessment-and-management-of-radioactive-and-electronic-wastes",bookSignature:"Hosam El-Din Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8000.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:"M.",surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8796",title:"Environmental Chemistry and Recent Pollution Control Approaches",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"413211c08d7fafecdcaca36f521d4cd6",slug:"environmental-chemistry-and-recent-pollution-control-approaches",bookSignature:"Hugo Saldarriaga-Noreña, Mario Alfonso Murillo-Tovar, Robina Farooq, Rajendra Dongre and Sara Riaz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8796.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"255072",title:"Dr.",name:"Hugo",middleName:null,surname:"Saldarriaga-Noreña",slug:"hugo-saldarriaga-norena",fullName:"Hugo Saldarriaga-Noreña"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8580",title:"Municipal Solid Waste Management",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e3554c02569fe3ac8afa79cb02daae97",slug:"municipal-solid-waste-management",bookSignature:"Hosam El-Din Mostafa Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8580.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:"M.",surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7557",title:"Recovery and Utilization of Metallurgical Solid Waste",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e9d20f98cdcbb7b5d0c35f53e06c74be",slug:"recovery-and-utilization-of-metallurgical-solid-waste",bookSignature:"Yingyi Zhang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7557.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"221673",title:"Prof.",name:"Yingyi",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"yingyi-zhang",fullName:"Yingyi Zhang"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7257",title:"Agricultural Waste and Residues",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e101e6110b6a7bfbeae1169dbc2ba319",slug:"agricultural-waste-and-residues",bookSignature:"Anna Aladjadjiyan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7257.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"89899",title:"Prof.",name:"Anna",middleName:null,surname:"Aladjadjiyan",slug:"anna-aladjadjiyan",fullName:"Anna Aladjadjiyan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6476",title:"Sewage",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"77e161585d14c5343840a876d68c8594",slug:"sewage",bookSignature:"Ivan X. Zhu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6476.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"139789",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:"X",surname:"Zhu",slug:"ivan-zhu",fullName:"Ivan Zhu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5979",title:"Solid Waste Management in Rural Areas",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d64034d3934894e61dc6e29437feb55d",slug:"solid-waste-management-in-rural-areas",bookSignature:"Florin-Constantin Mihai",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5979.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"175726",title:"Dr.",name:"Florin-Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Mihai",slug:"florin-constantin-mihai",fullName:"Florin-Constantin Mihai"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5242",title:"Management of Hazardous Wastes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cc1f32b478098cdda6b946d14a02ad81",slug:"management-of-hazardous-wastes",bookSignature:"Hosam El-Din M. Saleh and Rehab O. Abdel Rahman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5242.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:"M.",surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2781",title:"Waste Management",subtitle:"An Integrated Vision",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"757e7d80a747b79fc5578261f37357a4",slug:"waste-management-an-integrated-vision",bookSignature:"Luis Fernando Marmolejo Rebellon",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2781.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"136115",title:"Dr.",name:"Luis Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Marmolejo Rebellon",slug:"luis-fernando-marmolejo-rebellon",fullName:"Luis Fernando Marmolejo Rebellon"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2254",title:"Post-Consumer Waste Recycling and Optimal Production",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"aecfc52fb19d9de94ca93473cbe7fd74",slug:"post-consumer-waste-recycling-and-optimal-production",bookSignature:"Enri Damanhuri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2254.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"96952",title:"Prof.",name:"Enri",middleName:null,surname:"Damanhuri",slug:"enri-damanhuri",fullName:"Enri Damanhuri"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"325",title:"Alternative Fuel",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e6fd051beb23f469c73edd7bd22547bf",slug:"alternative-fuel",bookSignature:"Maximino Manzanera",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/325.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"27371",title:"Dr.",name:"Maximino",middleName:null,surname:"Manzanera",slug:"maximino-manzanera",fullName:"Maximino Manzanera"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:11,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"17588",doi:"10.5772/22381",title:"Delignification Process of Agro-Industrial Wastes an Alternative to Obtain Fermentable Carbohydrates for Producing Fuel",slug:"delignification-process-of-agro-industrial-wastes-an-alternative-to-obtain-fermentable-carbohydrates",totalDownloads:6741,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:27,book:{slug:"alternative-fuel",title:"Alternative Fuel",fullTitle:"Alternative Fuel"},signatures:"Oscar Sánchez, Roció Sierra and Carlos J. Alméciga-Díaz",authors:[{id:"47504",title:"MSc",name:"Oscar",middleName:null,surname:"Sanchez",slug:"oscar-sanchez",fullName:"Oscar Sanchez"},{id:"56842",title:"Dr.",name:"Rocio",middleName:null,surname:"Sierra",slug:"rocio-sierra",fullName:"Rocio Sierra"},{id:"56843",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:"Javier",surname:"Almeciga-Diaz",slug:"carlos-almeciga-diaz",fullName:"Carlos Almeciga-Diaz"}]},{id:"40527",doi:"10.5772/50241",title:"Solid Waste Management in African Cities – East Africa",slug:"solid-waste-management-in-african-cities-east-africa",totalDownloads:15462,totalCrossrefCites:13,totalDimensionsCites:23,book:{slug:"waste-management-an-integrated-vision",title:"Waste Management",fullTitle:"Waste Management - An Integrated Vision"},signatures:"James Okot-Okumu",authors:[{id:"141924",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Okot-Okumu",slug:"james-okot-okumu",fullName:"James Okot-Okumu"}]},{id:"17589",doi:"10.5772/23176",title:"Performance and Emission Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Ethanol and Methanol Gasoline Blended Fuels",slug:"performance-and-emission-characteristics-of-spark-ignition-engine-fuelled-with-ethanol-and-methanol-",totalDownloads:11567,totalCrossrefCites:11,totalDimensionsCites:22,book:{slug:"alternative-fuel",title:"Alternative Fuel",fullTitle:"Alternative Fuel"},signatures:"Ioannis Gravalos, Dimitrios Moshou, Theodoros Gialamas, Panagiotis Xyradakis, Dimitrios Kateris and Zisis Tsiropoulos",authors:[{id:"50923",title:"Prof.",name:"Ioannis",middleName:null,surname:"Gravalos",slug:"ioannis-gravalos",fullName:"Ioannis Gravalos"},{id:"57241",title:"Prof.",name:"Theodoros",middleName:null,surname:"Gialamas",slug:"theodoros-gialamas",fullName:"Theodoros Gialamas"},{id:"57242",title:"MSc.",name:"Panagiotis",middleName:null,surname:"Xyradakis",slug:"panagiotis-xyradakis",fullName:"Panagiotis Xyradakis"},{id:"57244",title:"Dr.",name:"Dimitrios",middleName:null,surname:"Kateris",slug:"dimitrios-kateris",fullName:"Dimitrios Kateris"},{id:"57245",title:"MSc",name:"Zisis",middleName:null,surname:"Tsiropoulos",slug:"zisis-tsiropoulos",fullName:"Zisis Tsiropoulos"},{id:"101768",title:"Prof.",name:"Dimitrios",middleName:null,surname:"Moshou",slug:"dimitrios-moshou",fullName:"Dimitrios Moshou"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"51380",title:"Introductory Chapter: Introduction to Hazardous Waste Management",slug:"introductory-chapter-introduction-to-hazardous-waste-management",totalDownloads:3368,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"management-of-hazardous-wastes",title:"Management of Hazardous Wastes",fullTitle:"Management of Hazardous Wastes"},signatures:"Hosam El-Din M. Saleh",authors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",middleName:"M.",surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}]},{id:"40529",title:"Solid Waste Management in Malaysia – A Move Towards Sustainability",slug:"solid-waste-management-in-malaysia-a-move-towards-sustainability",totalDownloads:8920,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:18,book:{slug:"waste-management-an-integrated-vision",title:"Waste Management",fullTitle:"Waste Management - An Integrated Vision"},signatures:"Jayashree Sreenivasan, Marthandan Govindan, Malarvizhi Chinnasami and Indrakaran Kadiresu",authors:[{id:"154427",title:"Dr.",name:"Sreenivasan",middleName:null,surname:"Jayashree",slug:"sreenivasan-jayashree",fullName:"Sreenivasan Jayashree"}]},{id:"56026",title:"Solid Waste in Agricultural Soils: An Approach Based on Environmental Principles, Human Health, and Food Security",slug:"solid-waste-in-agricultural-soils-an-approach-based-on-environmental-principles-human-health-and-foo",totalDownloads:1596,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:3,book:{slug:"solid-waste-management-in-rural-areas",title:"Solid Waste Management in Rural Areas",fullTitle:"Solid Waste Management in Rural Areas"},signatures:"Cácio Luiz Boechat, Adriana Miranda de Santana Arauco, Rose\nMaria Duda, Antonny Francisco Sampaio de Sena, Manoel Emiliano\nLopes de Souza and Ana Clecia Campos Brito",authors:[{id:"201868",title:"D.Sc.",name:"Cácio",middleName:null,surname:"Boechat",slug:"cacio-boechat",fullName:"Cácio Boechat"},{id:"203333",title:"Dr.",name:"Adriana",middleName:null,surname:"Arauco",slug:"adriana-arauco",fullName:"Adriana Arauco"},{id:"203334",title:"Dr.",name:"Rose",middleName:null,surname:"Duda",slug:"rose-duda",fullName:"Rose Duda"},{id:"203335",title:"MSc.",name:"Antonny",middleName:null,surname:"Sena",slug:"antonny-sena",fullName:"Antonny Sena"},{id:"203336",title:"MSc.",name:"Manoel",middleName:null,surname:"Souza",slug:"manoel-souza",fullName:"Manoel Souza"},{id:"207598",title:"MSc.",name:"Ana",middleName:null,surname:"Brito",slug:"ana-brito",fullName:"Ana Brito"}]},{id:"61756",title:"Physical Properties of Soils Affected by the Use of Agricultural Waste",slug:"physical-properties-of-soils-affected-by-the-use-of-agricultural-waste",totalDownloads:1160,totalCrossrefCites:7,totalDimensionsCites:11,book:{slug:"agricultural-waste-and-residues",title:"Agricultural Waste and Residues",fullTitle:"Agricultural Waste and Residues"},signatures:"María Belén Almendro-Candel, Ignacio Gómez Lucas, Jose Navarro-\nPedreño and Antonis A. Zorpas",authors:[{id:"137040",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Navarro-Pedreño",slug:"jose-navarro-pedreno",fullName:"Jose Navarro-Pedreño"},{id:"137041",title:"Prof.",name:"Ignacio",middleName:null,surname:"Gómez",slug:"ignacio-gomez",fullName:"Ignacio Gómez"},{id:"246299",title:"Dr.",name:"Mª Belén",middleName:null,surname:"Almendro-Candel",slug:"ma-belen-almendro-candel",fullName:"Mª Belén Almendro-Candel"},{id:"246300",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonis",middleName:null,surname:"Zorpas",slug:"antonis-zorpas",fullName:"Antonis Zorpas"}]},{id:"51114",title:"Overview of Hazardous Waste Management Status in Malaysia",slug:"overview-of-hazardous-waste-management-status-in-malaysia",totalDownloads:5014,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:11,book:{slug:"management-of-hazardous-wastes",title:"Management of Hazardous Wastes",fullTitle:"Management of Hazardous Wastes"},signatures:"Ogboo Chikere Aja, Hussain H. Al-Kayiem, Mesfin Gizaw Zewge and\nMeheron Selowara Joo",authors:[{id:"181768",title:"Dr.",name:"Ogboo Chikere",middleName:null,surname:"Aja",slug:"ogboo-chikere-aja",fullName:"Ogboo Chikere Aja"},{id:"181769",title:"Dr.",name:"Mesfin Gizaw",middleName:null,surname:"Zewge",slug:"mesfin-gizaw-zewge",fullName:"Mesfin Gizaw Zewge"},{id:"182433",title:"Mr.",name:"Meheron",middleName:null,surname:"Selowara Joo",slug:"meheron-selowara-joo",fullName:"Meheron Selowara Joo"},{id:"184186",title:"Prof.",name:"Hussain H.",middleName:null,surname:"Al-Kayiem",slug:"hussain-h.-al-kayiem",fullName:"Hussain H. Al-Kayiem"}]},{id:"59595",title:"Fate of Radiopharmaceuticals in the Environment",slug:"fate-of-radiopharmaceuticals-in-the-environment",totalDownloads:563,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"sewage",title:"Sewage",fullTitle:"Sewage"},signatures:"Markus R. Zehringer",authors:[{id:"180301",title:"Dr.",name:"Markus",middleName:"Raymond",surname:"Zehringer",slug:"markus-zehringer",fullName:"Markus Zehringer"}]},{id:"60917",title:"Natural Ecological Remediation and Reuse of Sewage Water in Agriculture and Its Effects on Plant Health",slug:"natural-ecological-remediation-and-reuse-of-sewage-water-in-agriculture-and-its-effects-on-plant-hea",totalDownloads:1362,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,book:{slug:"sewage",title:"Sewage",fullTitle:"Sewage"},signatures:"Naeem Khan",authors:[{id:"223706",title:"Dr.",name:"Naeem",middleName:null,surname:"Khan",slug:"naeem-khan",fullName:"Naeem Khan"}]},{id:"68347",title:"Bioremediation of Heavy Metals",slug:"bioremediation-of-heavy-metals",totalDownloads:818,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:2,book:{slug:"environmental-chemistry-and-recent-pollution-control-approaches",title:"Environmental Chemistry and Recent Pollution Control Approaches",fullTitle:"Environmental Chemistry and Recent Pollution Control Approaches"},signatures:"Medhat Rehan and Abdullah S. Alsohim",authors:[{id:"175766",title:"Dr.",name:"Medhat",middleName:null,surname:"Rehan",slug:"medhat-rehan",fullName:"Medhat Rehan"}]},{id:"50461",title:"The Management of Hazardous Waste in Developing Countries",slug:"the-management-of-hazardous-waste-in-developing-countries",totalDownloads:4125,totalCrossrefCites:2,totalDimensionsCites:6,book:{slug:"management-of-hazardous-wastes",title:"Management of Hazardous Wastes",fullTitle:"Management of Hazardous Wastes"},signatures:"Daniel Mmereki, Adrew Baldwin, Liu Hong and Baizhan Li",authors:[{id:"176512",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Mmereki",slug:"daniel-mmereki",fullName:"Daniel Mmereki"},{id:"176514",title:"Prof.",name:"Baizhan",middleName:null,surname:"Li",slug:"baizhan-li",fullName:"Baizhan Li"},{id:"180678",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrew",middleName:null,surname:"Baldwin",slug:"andrew-baldwin",fullName:"Andrew Baldwin"},{id:"180680",title:"Prof.",name:"Hong",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",slug:"hong-liu",fullName:"Hong Liu"}]},{id:"62236",title:"Sustainable Animal Manure Management Strategies and Practices",slug:"sustainable-animal-manure-management-strategies-and-practices",totalDownloads:1243,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:8,book:{slug:"agricultural-waste-and-residues",title:"Agricultural Waste and Residues",fullTitle:"Agricultural Waste and Residues"},signatures:"Gabriel Adebayo Malomo, Aliyu Shuaibu Madugu and Stephen\nAbiodun Bolu",authors:[{id:"92457",title:"Dr.",name:"Stephen",middleName:null,surname:"Bolu",slug:"stephen-bolu",fullName:"Stephen Bolu"},{id:"217809",title:"Dr.",name:"Gabriel",middleName:null,surname:"Malomo",slug:"gabriel-malomo",fullName:"Gabriel Malomo"},{id:"239081",title:"Dr.",name:"Aliyu",middleName:null,surname:"Madugu",slug:"aliyu-madugu",fullName:"Aliyu Madugu"},{id:"239083",title:"Mrs.",name:"Zainab",middleName:null,surname:"Usman",slug:"zainab-usman",fullName:"Zainab Usman"},{id:"261008",title:"Dr.",name:"Umar",middleName:null,surname:"Bunjah",slug:"umar-bunjah",fullName:"Umar Bunjah"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"environmental-sciences-waste-management",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[{id:"73972",title:"Guide for Organising a Community Clean-up Campaign",slug:"guide-for-organising-a-community-clean-up-campaign",totalDownloads:41,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.94515",book:{title:"Strategies of Sustainable Solid Waste Management"},signatures:"Innocent Rangeti and Bloodless Dzwairo"},{id:"74827",title:"Bioelectricity from Organic Solid Waste",slug:"bioelectricity-from-organic-solid-waste",totalDownloads:46,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95297",book:{title:"Strategies of Sustainable Solid Waste Management"},signatures:"M. Azizul Moqsud"},{id:"74647",title:"Economics of Solid Waste Management: A Review",slug:"economics-of-solid-waste-management-a-review",totalDownloads:131,totalDimensionsCites:0,doi:"10.5772/intechopen.95343",book:{title:"Strategies of Sustainable Solid Waste Management"},signatures:"Muniyandi Balasubramanian"}],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:8},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10176",title:"Microgrids and Local Energy Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c32b4a5351a88f263074b0d0ca813a9c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Nick Jenkins",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10176.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"55219",title:"Prof.",name:"Nick",middleName:null,surname:"Jenkins",slug:"nick-jenkins",fullName:"Nick Jenkins"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:8,limit:8,total:1},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/books/recent-trends-for-enhancing-the-diversity-and-quality-of-soybean-products/farming-system-and-management",hash:"",query:{},params:{book:"recent-trends-for-enhancing-the-diversity-and-quality-of-soybean-products",chapter:"farming-system-and-management"},fullPath:"/books/recent-trends-for-enhancing-the-diversity-and-quality-of-soybean-products/farming-system-and-management",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()