Surgical implications of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography.
\r\n\tCells have to be protected from damage especially by ice crystals during freezing. Cryoprotectants are widely used, however, these may be toxic to the cells. Mode of freezing-thawing and regeneration also may render the process successful. Cell viability may be lost during any step of the process. The main objective of this book is to examine factors that affect cells during cryopreservation process which can contribute towards the successful application of this important technique.
",isbn:"978-1-83880-206-6",printIsbn:"978-1-83880-205-9",pdfIsbn:null,doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0fe037813f921f4136cd393b7ff8dfe1",bookSignature:"Dr. Marian Dorcas Quain",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7945.jpg",keywords:"Cryopreservation, Oocyte cryopreservation, Embryo cryopreservation, Lateral and Axillary Buds, Zygotic and Somatic Embryos, Recalcitrant Seeds Cryopreservation, Formulation of Vitrification solution, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Cryoprotective Agents (CPA), Freezing Mechanisms",numberOfDownloads:211,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:0,numberOfDimensionsCitations:0,numberOfTotalCitations:0,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"August 8th 2019",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"August 29th 2019",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"October 28th 2019",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"January 16th 2020",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"March 16th 2020",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"4 months",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:4,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,editors:[{id:"72151",title:"Dr.",name:"Marian",middleName:"Dorcas",surname:"Quain",slug:"marian-quain",fullName:"Marian Quain",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/72151/images/system/72151.jpeg",biography:"Prof. Marian D. Quain is a Principal Research Scientist (Biotechnologist) at CSIR – Crops Research Institute Kumasi, as well an Associate Professor at CSIR – Graduate School CCST\nProf. Quain holds a B.Sc. (Hons.) Degree in Botany with Zoology, M.Phil (Botany – Plant Physiology) and Ph.D. (Botany-Plant Physiology) from the University of Ghana, Legon. Her research interest is based on Biotechnology. She has expertise in tissue culture, cryopreservation, genetic transformation, plant physiology, molecular biology, aeroponics, Biosafety, and Biotechnology stewardship. Prof. Quain research focus is on the utilization of tissue culture for the production of clean planting materials of vegetatively propagated crops, germplasm conservation and the use of molecular tools for crop diversity, disease diagnostics, and molecular marker-assisted selection to facilitate current state-of-the-art breeding using transcriptomics and proteomics, as well as application of recombinant gene technology for crop improvement. \nProf. Quain joined the CSIR-Crops research institute in 1996 and initiated tissue culture research activities. During her Ph.D. studies (2002-2007) she carried out certain aspects of the research at the University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal Howard Campus in Durban South Africa as well as the Tuskegee University Alabama USA as a fellow of the Third World Organization for Women Science. Under the Schlumberger Foundation Fellowship for Future Faculty, Marian was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Leeds University UK (2011-2013). \nProf. Quain has published a number of book chapters, peer-reviewed publications in local and international journals, conference papers and laboratory manuals. She contributed with advice and expertise in many Tissue culture and molecular biology laboratories in Ghana and the West African Sub-region. She has also trained technician and researchers, both locally and internationally, on the application of Biotechnology. Currently, Prof. Quain is introducing high school teachers in Ghana to biotechnology. \nIn 2013, she was awarded for the Best Research Scientist by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture in connection with the Farmers Day Celebrations in Ghana. She was a 2017 Cochran Fellow and has also completed (2017 – 2018) Africa Science leadership Program Fellowship. In 2018 Prof. Quain received Award in Excellence in Teaching and Outreach from the American Society for Plant Biologists.",institutionString:"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Ghana"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"6",title:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",slug:"biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology"}],chapters:[{id:"69458",title:"Current Advancements in Pancreatic Islet Cryopreservation Techniques",slug:"current-advancements-in-pancreatic-islet-cryopreservation-techniques",totalDownloads:25,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"70321",title:"Cryopreservation of Human Spermatozoa: A New Frontier in Reproductive Medicine",slug:"cryopreservation-of-human-spermatozoa-a-new-frontier-in-reproductive-medicine",totalDownloads:9,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"70167",title:"Cryobiology and Cryopreservation of Sperm",slug:"cryobiology-and-cryopreservation-of-sperm",totalDownloads:57,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"69078",title:"Cryoprotection of Platelets by Grafted Polymers",slug:"cryoprotection-of-platelets-by-grafted-polymers",totalDownloads:50,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"69120",title:"The Use of Chitooligosaccharides in Cryopreservation: Discussion of Concept and First Answers from DSC Thermal Analysis",slug:"the-use-of-chitooligosaccharides-in-cryopreservation-discussion-of-concept-and-first-answers-from-ds",totalDownloads:39,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]},{id:"69726",title:"Methods of Thermal Analysis as a Tool to Develop Cryopreservation Protocols of Vegetatively Propagated Crops",slug:"methods-of-thermal-analysis-as-a-tool-to-develop-cryopreservation-protocols-of-vegetatively-propagat",totalDownloads:35,totalCrossrefCites:0,authors:[null]}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"287827",firstName:"Gordan",lastName:"Tot",middleName:null,title:"Mr.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/287827/images/8493_n.png",email:"gordan@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6694",title:"New Trends in Ion Exchange Studies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3de8c8b090fd8faa7c11ec5b387c486a",slug:"new-trends-in-ion-exchange-studies",bookSignature:"Selcan Karakuş",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6694.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"206110",title:"Dr.",name:"Selcan",surname:"Karakus",slug:"selcan-karakus",fullName:"Selcan Karakus"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3161",title:"Frontiers in Guided Wave Optics and Optoelectronics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"deb44e9c99f82bbce1083abea743146c",slug:"frontiers-in-guided-wave-optics-and-optoelectronics",bookSignature:"Bishnu Pal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"4782",title:"Prof.",name:"Bishnu",surname:"Pal",slug:"bishnu-pal",fullName:"Bishnu Pal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"72",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Theory, Properties, New Approaches",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d94ffa3cfa10505e3b1d676d46fcd3f5",slug:"ionic-liquids-theory-properties-new-approaches",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/72.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1373",title:"Ionic Liquids",subtitle:"Applications and Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5e9ae5ae9167cde4b344e499a792c41c",slug:"ionic-liquids-applications-and-perspectives",bookSignature:"Alexander Kokorin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1373.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"4816",title:"Face Recognition",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"146063b5359146b7718ea86bad47c8eb",slug:"face_recognition",bookSignature:"Kresimir Delac and Mislav Grgic",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4816.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"528",title:"Dr.",name:"Kresimir",surname:"Delac",slug:"kresimir-delac",fullName:"Kresimir Delac"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"57",title:"Physics and Applications of Graphene",subtitle:"Experiments",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e6622a71cf4f02f45bfdd5691e1189a",slug:"physics-and-applications-of-graphene-experiments",bookSignature:"Sergey Mikhailov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/57.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"16042",title:"Dr.",name:"Sergey",surname:"Mikhailov",slug:"sergey-mikhailov",fullName:"Sergey Mikhailov"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3092",title:"Anopheles mosquitoes",subtitle:"New insights into malaria vectors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c9e622485316d5e296288bf24d2b0d64",slug:"anopheles-mosquitoes-new-insights-into-malaria-vectors",bookSignature:"Sylvie Manguin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3092.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"50017",title:"Prof.",name:"Sylvie",surname:"Manguin",slug:"sylvie-manguin",fullName:"Sylvie Manguin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3794",title:"Swarm Intelligence",subtitle:"Focus on Ant and Particle Swarm Optimization",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5332a71035a274ecbf1c308df633a8ed",slug:"swarm_intelligence_focus_on_ant_and_particle_swarm_optimization",bookSignature:"Felix T.S. Chan and Manoj Kumar Tiwari",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3794.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"252210",title:"Dr.",name:"Felix",surname:"Chan",slug:"felix-chan",fullName:"Felix Chan"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3621",title:"Silver Nanoparticles",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:null,slug:"silver-nanoparticles",bookSignature:"David Pozo Perez",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3621.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"6667",title:"Dr.",name:"David",surname:"Pozo",slug:"david-pozo",fullName:"David Pozo"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"36853",title:"Neuroimaging Data in Bipolar Disorder: An Updated View",doi:"10.5772/24566",slug:"neuroimaging-data-in-bipolar-disorder-an-updated-view",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/36853.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/36853",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/36853",totalDownloads:2269,totalViews:94,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"December 8th 2010",dateReviewed:"October 10th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"May 16th 2012",readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/36853",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/36853",book:{slug:"neuroimaging-cognitive-and-clinical-neuroscience"},signatures:"Bernardo Dell'Osso, Cristina Dobrea, Maria Carlotta Palazzo, Laura Cremaschi, Chiara Arici, Beatrice Benatti and A. Carlo Altamura",authors:[{id:"58191",title:"Dr.",name:"Bernardo",middleName:null,surname:"Dell'Osso",fullName:"Bernardo Dell'Osso",slug:"bernardo-dell'osso",email:"bernardo.dellosso@policlinico.mi.it",position:null,institution:null},{id:"61301",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlotta",middleName:null,surname:"Palazzo",fullName:"Carlotta Palazzo",slug:"carlotta-palazzo",email:"carlotta.palazzo@hotmail.it",position:null,institution:null},{id:"136810",title:"Dr.",name:"Cristina",middleName:null,surname:"Dobrea",fullName:"Cristina Dobrea",slug:"cristina-dobrea",email:"dobreacris@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"136814",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Cremaschi",fullName:"Laura Cremaschi",slug:"laura-cremaschi",email:"cremasclaura@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"136815",title:"Dr.",name:"Chiara",middleName:null,surname:"Arici",fullName:"Chiara Arici",slug:"chiara-arici",email:"chiararici@gmail.com",position:null,institution:null},{id:"136817",title:"Dr.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Benatti",fullName:"Beatrice Benatti",slug:"beatrice-benatti",email:"beatricebenatti@hotmail.it",position:null,institution:null},{id:"136818",title:"Prof.",name:"A. Carlo",middleName:null,surname:"Altamura",fullName:"A. Carlo Altamura",slug:"a.-carlo-altamura",email:"carlo.altamura@unimi.it",position:null,institution:null}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"1349",title:"Neuroimaging",subtitle:"Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience",fullTitle:"Neuroimaging - Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience",slug:"neuroimaging-cognitive-and-clinical-neuroscience",publishedDate:"May 16th 2012",bookSignature:"Peter Bright",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1349.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"49019",title:"Prof.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Bright",slug:"peter-bright",fullName:"Peter Bright"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"36841",title:"Cytoarchitectonics of the Human Cerebral Cortex: The 1926 Presentation by Georg N. Koskinas (1885-1975) to the Athens Medical Society",slug:"cytoarchitectonics-of-the-human-cerebral-cortex-the-1926-presentation-by-georg-n-koskinas-1885-1975-",totalDownloads:2736,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Lazaros C. Triarhou",authors:[{id:"56629",title:"Prof.",name:"Lazaros",middleName:null,surname:"Triarhou",fullName:"Lazaros Triarhou",slug:"lazaros-triarhou"}]},{id:"36842",title:"Images of the Cognitive Brain Across Age and Culture",slug:"imaging-the-brain-across-culture-and-age",totalDownloads:1353,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Joshua Goh and Chih-Mao Huang",authors:[{id:"54576",title:"Dr.",name:"Joshua",middleName:null,surname:"Goh",fullName:"Joshua Goh",slug:"joshua-goh"},{id:"61131",title:"Dr.",name:"Chih-Mao",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"Chih-Mao Huang",slug:"chih-mao-huang"}]},{id:"36843",title:"Neuroimaging of Single Cases: Benefits and Pitfalls",slug:"neuroimaging-of-single-cases-benefits-and-pitfalls",totalDownloads:1796,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"James Danckert and Seyed M. Mirsattarri",authors:[{id:"50063",title:"Dr.",name:"James",middleName:null,surname:"Danckert",fullName:"James Danckert",slug:"james-danckert"},{id:"59871",title:"Dr.",name:"Seyed",middleName:null,surname:"Mirsattari",fullName:"Seyed Mirsattari",slug:"seyed-mirsattari"}]},{id:"36844",title:"Functional and Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Human Language: A Review",slug:"functional-and-structural-magnetic-resonance-imaging-of-human-language-a-review",totalDownloads:931,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Manuel Martín-Loeches and Pilar Casado",authors:[{id:"49142",title:"Dr.",name:"Manuel",middleName:null,surname:"Martin-Loeches",fullName:"Manuel Martin-Loeches",slug:"manuel-martin-loeches"},{id:"58699",title:"Prof.",name:"Pilar",middleName:null,surname:"Casado",fullName:"Pilar Casado",slug:"pilar-casado"}]},{id:"36845",title:"Neuro-Anatomical Overlap Between Language and Memory Functions in the Human Brain",slug:"neuro-anatomical-overlap-between-language-and-memory-functions-in-the-human-brain",totalDownloads:1671,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Satoru Yokoyama",authors:[{id:"53548",title:"Dr.",name:"Satoru",middleName:null,surname:"Yokoyama",fullName:"Satoru Yokoyama",slug:"satoru-yokoyama"}]},{id:"36846",title:"Neuronal Networks Observed with Resting State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Clinical Populations",slug:"neuronal-networks-observed-with-resting-state-functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-in-clinical-popu",totalDownloads:1264,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Gioacchino Tedeschi and Fabrizio Esposito",authors:[{id:"51455",title:"Prof.",name:"Gioacchino",middleName:null,surname:"Tedeschi",fullName:"Gioacchino Tedeschi",slug:"gioacchino-tedeschi"},{id:"56565",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabrizio",middleName:null,surname:"Esposito",fullName:"Fabrizio Esposito",slug:"fabrizio-esposito"}]},{id:"36847",title:"Resting State Blood Flow and Glucose Metabolism in Psychiatric Disorders",slug:"at-resting-brain-blood-flow-and-glucose-metabolism",totalDownloads:1273,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Nobuhisa Kanahara, Eiji Shimizu, Yoshimoto Sekine and Masaomi Iyo",authors:[{id:"59233",title:"Dr.",name:"Nobuhisa",middleName:null,surname:"Kanahara",fullName:"Nobuhisa Kanahara",slug:"nobuhisa-kanahara"},{id:"61019",title:"Prof.",name:"Eiji",middleName:null,surname:"Shimizu",fullName:"Eiji Shimizu",slug:"eiji-shimizu"},{id:"61020",title:"Prof.",name:"Yoshimoto",middleName:null,surname:"Sekine",fullName:"Yoshimoto Sekine",slug:"yoshimoto-sekine"},{id:"61021",title:"Prof.",name:"Masaomi",middleName:null,surname:"Iyo",fullName:"Masaomi Iyo",slug:"masaomi-iyo"}]},{id:"36848",title:"The Memory, Cognitive and PsychologicalFunctions of Sleep: Update from Electroencephalographic and Neuroimaging Studies",slug:"the-memory-cognitive-and-psychological-functions-of-sleep-update-from-electroencephalographic-and-ne",totalDownloads:1237,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Roumen Kirov and Serge Brand",authors:[{id:"49840",title:"Prof.",name:"Roumen",middleName:"Kirov",surname:"Kirov",fullName:"Roumen Kirov",slug:"roumen-kirov"},{id:"58235",title:"Dr.",name:"Serge",middleName:null,surname:"Brand",fullName:"Serge Brand",slug:"serge-brand"}]},{id:"36849",title:"Neuroimaging and Outcome Assessment in Vegetative and Minimally Conscious State",slug:"neuroimaging-and-outcome-assessment-in-vegetative-and-minimally-conscious-state",totalDownloads:1282,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Silvia Marino, Rosella Ciurleo, Annalisa Baglieri, Francesco Corallo, Rosaria De Luca, Simona De Salvo, Silvia Guerrera, Francesca Timpano, Placido Bramanti and Nicola De Stefano",authors:[{id:"26005",title:"Dr",name:"Silvia",middleName:null,surname:"Marino",fullName:"Silvia Marino",slug:"silvia-marino"},{id:"75414",title:"BSc.",name:"Rosella",middleName:null,surname:"Ciurleo",fullName:"Rosella Ciurleo",slug:"rosella-ciurleo"},{id:"75418",title:"Dr.",name:"Silvia",middleName:null,surname:"Guerrera",fullName:"Silvia Guerrera",slug:"silvia-guerrera"},{id:"75420",title:"BSc.",name:"Annalisa",middleName:null,surname:"Baglieri",fullName:"Annalisa Baglieri",slug:"annalisa-baglieri"},{id:"75421",title:"BSc.",name:"Francesca",middleName:null,surname:"Timpano",fullName:"Francesca Timpano",slug:"francesca-timpano"},{id:"75423",title:"BSc.",name:"Francesco",middleName:null,surname:"Corallo",fullName:"Francesco Corallo",slug:"francesco-corallo"},{id:"75426",title:"BSc.",name:"Rosaria",middleName:null,surname:"De Luca",fullName:"Rosaria De Luca",slug:"rosaria-de-luca"},{id:"75428",title:"MSc.",name:"Simona",middleName:null,surname:"De Salvo",fullName:"Simona De Salvo",slug:"simona-de-salvo"},{id:"75430",title:"Prof.",name:"Placido",middleName:null,surname:"Bramanti",fullName:"Placido Bramanti",slug:"placido-bramanti"},{id:"75432",title:"Prof.",name:"Nicola",middleName:null,surname:"De Stefano",fullName:"Nicola De Stefano",slug:"nicola-de-stefano"}]},{id:"36850",title:"Functional and Structural MRI Studies on Impulsiveness: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorders",slug:"functional-mri-studies-on-impulsiveness",totalDownloads:1902,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Trevor Archer and Peter Bright",authors:[{id:"49779",title:"Prof.",name:"Trevor",middleName:null,surname:"Archer",fullName:"Trevor Archer",slug:"trevor-archer"}]},{id:"36851",title:"MRI Techniques to Evaluate Exercise Impact on the Aging Human Brain",slug:"mri-techniques-to-evaluate-exercise-impact-on-the-aging-human-brain",totalDownloads:1839,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Bonita L. Marks and Laurence M. Katz",authors:[{id:"50234",title:"Prof.",name:"Bonita",middleName:"L.",surname:"Marks",fullName:"Bonita Marks",slug:"bonita-marks"},{id:"54430",title:"Dr.",name:"Laurence",middleName:null,surname:"Katz",fullName:"Laurence Katz",slug:"laurence-katz"}]},{id:"36852",title:"Human Oscillatory EEG Activities Representing Working Memory Capacity",slug:"human-oscillatory-eeg-activities-representing-working-memory-capacity",totalDownloads:1492,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Masahiro Kawasaki",authors:[{id:"51308",title:"Dr.",name:"Masahiro",middleName:null,surname:"Kawasaki",fullName:"Masahiro Kawasaki",slug:"masahiro-kawasaki"}]},{id:"36853",title:"Neuroimaging Data in Bipolar Disorder: An Updated View",slug:"neuroimaging-data-in-bipolar-disorder-an-updated-view",totalDownloads:2269,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Bernardo Dell'Osso, Cristina Dobrea, Maria Carlotta Palazzo, Laura Cremaschi, Chiara Arici, Beatrice Benatti and A. Carlo Altamura",authors:[{id:"58191",title:"Dr.",name:"Bernardo",middleName:null,surname:"Dell'Osso",fullName:"Bernardo Dell'Osso",slug:"bernardo-dell'osso"},{id:"61301",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlotta",middleName:null,surname:"Palazzo",fullName:"Carlotta Palazzo",slug:"carlotta-palazzo"},{id:"136810",title:"Dr.",name:"Cristina",middleName:null,surname:"Dobrea",fullName:"Cristina Dobrea",slug:"cristina-dobrea"},{id:"136814",title:"Dr.",name:"Laura",middleName:null,surname:"Cremaschi",fullName:"Laura Cremaschi",slug:"laura-cremaschi"},{id:"136815",title:"Dr.",name:"Chiara",middleName:null,surname:"Arici",fullName:"Chiara Arici",slug:"chiara-arici"},{id:"136817",title:"Dr.",name:"Beatrice",middleName:null,surname:"Benatti",fullName:"Beatrice Benatti",slug:"beatrice-benatti"},{id:"136818",title:"Prof.",name:"A. Carlo",middleName:null,surname:"Altamura",fullName:"A. Carlo Altamura",slug:"a.-carlo-altamura"}]},{id:"36854",title:"Reinforcement Learning, High-Level Cognition, and the Human Brain",slug:"reinforcement-learning-high-level-cognition-and-the-human-brain",totalDownloads:1239,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Massimo Silvetti and Tom Verguts",authors:[{id:"52155",title:"Prof.",name:"Tom",middleName:null,surname:"Verguts",fullName:"Tom Verguts",slug:"tom-verguts"},{id:"59503",title:"Dr.",name:"Massimo",middleName:null,surname:"Silvetti",fullName:"Massimo Silvetti",slug:"massimo-silvetti"}]},{id:"36855",title:"What Does Cerebral Oxygenation Tell Us About Central Motor Output?",slug:"what-does-cerebral-oxygenation-tell-us-about-central-motor-output",totalDownloads:991,totalCrossrefCites:2,signatures:"Nicolas Bourdillon and Stéphane Perrey",authors:[{id:"52788",title:"Prof.",name:"Stephane",middleName:null,surname:"Perrey",fullName:"Stephane Perrey",slug:"stephane-perrey"},{id:"61227",title:"Dr.",name:"Nicolas",middleName:null,surname:"Bourdillon",fullName:"Nicolas Bourdillon",slug:"nicolas-bourdillon"}]},{id:"36856",title:"Intermanual and Intermodal Transfer in Human Newborns: Neonatal Behavioral Evidence and Neurocognitive Approach",slug:"intermanual-and-intermodal-transfer-in-human-newborns-neonatal-behavioral-evidence-and-neurocognitiv",totalDownloads:1616,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Arlette Streri and Edouard Gentaz",authors:[{id:"11049",title:"Dr.",name:"Edouard",middleName:null,surname:"Gentaz",fullName:"Edouard Gentaz",slug:"edouard-gentaz"},{id:"54041",title:"Prof.",name:"Arlette",middleName:null,surname:"Streri",fullName:"Arlette Streri",slug:"arlette-streri"}]},{id:"36857",title:"Somatosensory Stimulation in Functional Neuroimaging: A Review",slug:"somatosensory-stimulation-in-functional-neuroimaging",totalDownloads:1835,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"S.M. Golaszewski, M. Seidl, M. Christova, E. Gallasch, A.B. Kunz, R. Nardone, E. Trinka and F. Gerstenbrand",authors:[{id:"43469",title:"Prof.",name:"Eugen",middleName:null,surname:"Trinka",fullName:"Eugen Trinka",slug:"eugen-trinka"},{id:"54888",title:"Prof.",name:"Stefan",middleName:null,surname:"Golaszewski",fullName:"Stefan Golaszewski",slug:"stefan-golaszewski"},{id:"61381",title:"Dr.",name:"Martin",middleName:null,surname:"Seidl",fullName:"Martin Seidl",slug:"martin-seidl"},{id:"61382",title:"Prof.",name:"Eugen",middleName:null,surname:"Gallasch",fullName:"Eugen Gallasch",slug:"eugen-gallasch"},{id:"61383",title:"Prof.",name:"Raffaele",middleName:null,surname:"Nardone",fullName:"Raffaele Nardone",slug:"raffaele-nardone"},{id:"98388",title:"Prof.",name:"Franz",middleName:null,surname:"Gerstenbrand",fullName:"Franz Gerstenbrand",slug:"franz-gerstenbrand"}]},{id:"36858",title:"Neuroimaging Studies in Carbon Monoxide Intoxication",slug:"neuroimaging-study-in-carbon-monoxide-intoxication",totalDownloads:2301,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Ya-Ting Chang, Wen-Neng Chang, Shu-Hua Huang, Chun-Chung Lui, Chen-Chang Lee, Nai-Ching Chen and Chiung-Chih Chang",authors:[{id:"56552",title:"Dr.",name:"Chiung-Chih",middleName:null,surname:"Chang",fullName:"Chiung-Chih Chang",slug:"chiung-chih-chang"},{id:"59449",title:"Dr.",name:"Wen-Neng",middleName:null,surname:"Chang",fullName:"Wen-Neng Chang",slug:"wen-neng-chang"},{id:"76915",title:"Dr.",name:"Ya-Ting",middleName:null,surname:"Chang",fullName:"Ya-Ting Chang",slug:"ya-ting-chang"},{id:"76916",title:"Dr.",name:"Shu-Hua",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"Shu-Hua Huang",slug:"shu-hua-huang"},{id:"76917",title:"Dr.",name:"Chun-Chung",middleName:null,surname:"Lui",fullName:"Chun-Chung Lui",slug:"chun-chung-lui"},{id:"76918",title:"MSc.",name:"Chen-Chang",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Chen-Chang Lee",slug:"chen-chang-lee"},{id:"102589",title:"Dr.",name:"Nai-Ching",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Nai-Ching Chen",slug:"nai-ching-chen"}]},{id:"36859",title:"Graphical Models of Functional MRI Data for Assessing Brain Connectivity",slug:"graphical-models-of-functional-mri-data-for-assessing-brain-connectivity-in-parkinson-s-disease",totalDownloads:2096,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Junning Li, Z. JaneWang and Martin J. McKeown",authors:[{id:"57537",title:"Prof.",name:"Martin",middleName:null,surname:"McKeown",fullName:"Martin McKeown",slug:"martin-mckeown"},{id:"61569",title:"Dr.",name:"Junning",middleName:null,surname:"Li",fullName:"Junning Li",slug:"junning-li"},{id:"61570",title:"Prof.",name:"Jane",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",fullName:"Jane Wang",slug:"jane-wang"}]},{id:"36860",title:"Event-Related Potential Studies of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience",slug:"event-related-potential-studies-of-cognitive-and-social-neuroscience",totalDownloads:2544,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Agustin Ibanez, Phil Baker and Alvaro Moya",authors:[{id:"57866",title:"Dr.",name:"Agustin",middleName:null,surname:"Ibanez",fullName:"Agustin Ibanez",slug:"agustin-ibanez"},{id:"110805",title:"Prof.",name:"Phil",middleName:null,surname:"Baker",fullName:"Phil Baker",slug:"phil-baker"},{id:"110806",title:"Prof.",name:"Alvaro",middleName:null,surname:"Moya",fullName:"Alvaro Moya",slug:"alvaro-moya"}]},{id:"36861",title:"Neuroimaging Outcomes of Brain Training Trials",slug:"neuroimaging-outcomes-of-brain-training-trials",totalDownloads:1085,totalCrossrefCites:6,signatures:"Chao Suo and Michael J. Valenzuela",authors:[{id:"60124",title:"Dr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Valenzuela",fullName:"Michael Valenzuela",slug:"michael-valenzuela"},{id:"61155",title:"Mr.",name:"Chao",middleName:null,surname:"Suo",fullName:"Chao Suo",slug:"chao-suo"}]},{id:"36862",title:"EEG-Biofeedback as a Tool to Modulate Arousal: Trends and Perspectives for Treatment of ADHD and Insomnia",slug:"eeg-biofeedback-as-a-tool-to-modulate-arousal-trends-and-perspectives-for-treatment-of-adhd-and-inso",totalDownloads:1402,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"B. Alexander Diaz, Lizeth H. Sloot, Huibert D. Mansvelder and Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen",authors:[{id:"60193",title:"Dr.",name:"Klaus",middleName:null,surname:"Linkenkaer-Hansen",fullName:"Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen",slug:"klaus-linkenkaer-hansen"}]},{id:"36863",title:"Deconstructing Central Pain with Psychophysical and Neuroimaging Studies",slug:"imaging-of-central-pain",totalDownloads:769,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"J.J. Cheng, D.S. Veldhuijzen, J.D. Greenspan and F.A. Lenz",authors:[{id:"62432",title:"Prof.",name:"Fred",middleName:null,surname:"Lenz",fullName:"Fred Lenz",slug:"fred-lenz"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"389",title:"Neuroimaging",subtitle:"Methods",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e4321a4d45346699f9ada729290e156a",slug:"neuroimaging-methods",bookSignature:"Peter Bright",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/389.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"49019",title:"Prof.",name:"Peter",surname:"Bright",slug:"peter-bright",fullName:"Peter Bright"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"28784",title:"Functional Neuroimaging: A Historical Perspective",slug:"the-origins-of-functional-neuroimaging-techniques",signatures:"Stefano Zago, Lorenzo Lorusso, Roberta Ferrucci and Alberto Priori",authors:[{id:"60542",title:"Prof.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Priori",fullName:"Alberto Priori",slug:"alberto-priori"}]},{id:"28785",title:"fMRI for the Assessment of Functional Connectivity",slug:"fmri-for-the-assessment-of-functional-connectivity",signatures:"Till Nierhaus, Daniel Margulies, Xiangyu Long and Arno Villringer",authors:[{id:"54145",title:"Mr.",name:"Till",middleName:null,surname:"Nierhaus",fullName:"Till Nierhaus",slug:"till-nierhaus"},{id:"61280",title:"Dr.",name:"Daniel",middleName:null,surname:"Margulies",fullName:"Daniel Margulies",slug:"daniel-margulies"},{id:"61281",title:"MSc.",name:"Xiangyu",middleName:null,surname:"Long",fullName:"Xiangyu Long",slug:"xiangyu-long"},{id:"61282",title:"Prof.",name:"Arno",middleName:null,surname:"Villringer",fullName:"Arno Villringer",slug:"arno-villringer"}]},{id:"28786",title:"Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS): Principles and Neuroscientific Applications",slug:"functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy-fnirs-brain-studies-and-others-clinical-uses",signatures:"José León-Carrión and Umberto León-Domínguez",authors:[{id:"50810",title:"Prof.",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Leon-Carrion",fullName:"Jose Leon-Carrion",slug:"jose-leon-carrion"},{id:"98537",title:"Mr.",name:"Umberto",middleName:null,surname:"León-Domínguez",fullName:"Umberto León-Domínguez",slug:"umberto-leon-dominguez"}]},{id:"28787",title:"Measurement of Brain Function Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)",slug:"measurement-of-brain-function-using-near-infrared-spectroscopy-nirs-",signatures:"Hitoshi Tsunashima, Kazuki Yanagisawa and Masako Iwadate",authors:[{id:"49517",title:"Prof.",name:"Hitoshi",middleName:null,surname:"Tsunashima",fullName:"Hitoshi Tsunashima",slug:"hitoshi-tsunashima"},{id:"60945",title:"Mr.",name:"Kazuki",middleName:null,surname:"Yanagisawa",fullName:"Kazuki Yanagisawa",slug:"kazuki-yanagisawa"},{id:"60946",title:"Dr.",name:"Masako",middleName:null,surname:"Iwadate",fullName:"Masako Iwadate",slug:"masako-iwadate"}]},{id:"28788",title:"Towards Model-Based Brain Imaging with Multi-Scale Modeling",slug:"towards-model-based-brain-imaging-with-multi-scale-modeling",signatures:"Lars Schwabe and Youwei Zheng",authors:[{id:"58936",title:"Dr.",name:"Lars",middleName:null,surname:"Schwabe",fullName:"Lars Schwabe",slug:"lars-schwabe"},{id:"121123",title:"Dr.",name:"Youwei",middleName:null,surname:"Zheng",fullName:"Youwei Zheng",slug:"youwei-zheng"}]},{id:"28789",title:"Functional Brain Imaging Using Non-Invasive Non-Ionizing Methods: Towards Multimodal and Multiscale Imaging",slug:"functional-brain-imaging-using-non-invasive-non-ionizing-methods-towards-multimodal-and-multiscale-i",signatures:"Irene Karanasiou",authors:[{id:"58377",title:"Dr.",name:"Irene",middleName:null,surname:"Karanasiou",fullName:"Irene Karanasiou",slug:"irene-karanasiou"}]},{id:"28790",title:"Diffusion Tensor Imaging: Structural Connectivity Insights, Limitations and Future Directions",slug:"diffusion-tensor-imaging-structural-connectivity-insights-limitations-and-future-directions",signatures:"Linda J. Lanyon",authors:[{id:"51275",title:"Dr.",name:"Linda",middleName:null,surname:"Lanyon",fullName:"Linda Lanyon",slug:"linda-lanyon"}]},{id:"28791",title:"A Triangulation-Based MRI-Guided Method for TMS Coil Positioning",slug:"a-triangulation-based-mri-guided-method-for-tms-coil-positioning",signatures:"Jamila Andoh and Jean-Luc Martinot",authors:[{id:"54393",title:"Dr.",name:"Jamila",middleName:null,surname:"Andoh",fullName:"Jamila Andoh",slug:"jamila-andoh"},{id:"62833",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean-Luc",middleName:null,surname:"Martinot",fullName:"Jean-Luc Martinot",slug:"jean-luc-martinot"}]},{id:"28792",title:"Biocytin-Based Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging: An Approach to Developing New In Vivo Neuroanatomical Tracers for MRI",slug:"biocytin-based-contrast-agents-for-molecular-imaging-an-approach-to-developing-new-in-vivo-neuroanat",signatures:"Anurag Mishra, Kirti Dhingra, Ritu Mishra, Almut Schüz, Jörn Engelmann, Michael Beyerlein, Santiago Canals and Nikos K. Logothetis",authors:[{id:"53841",title:"Dr.",name:"Anurag",middleName:null,surname:"Mishra",fullName:"Anurag Mishra",slug:"anurag-mishra"},{id:"60827",title:"Dr.",name:"Kirti",middleName:null,surname:"Dhingra",fullName:"Kirti Dhingra",slug:"kirti-dhingra"},{id:"60828",title:"Prof.",name:"Almut",middleName:null,surname:"Schuez",fullName:"Almut Schuez",slug:"almut-schuez"},{id:"60829",title:"Dr.",name:"Joern",middleName:null,surname:"Engelmann",fullName:"Joern Engelmann",slug:"joern-engelmann"},{id:"60830",title:"Mr.",name:"Michael",middleName:null,surname:"Beyerlein",fullName:"Michael Beyerlein",slug:"michael-beyerlein"},{id:"60831",title:"Prof.",name:"Nikos",middleName:null,surname:"Logothetis",fullName:"Nikos Logothetis",slug:"nikos-logothetis"},{id:"60832",title:"Dr.",name:"Santiago",middleName:null,surname:"Canals",fullName:"Santiago Canals",slug:"santiago-canals"},{id:"108097",title:"Dr.",name:"Ritu",middleName:null,surname:"Mishra",fullName:"Ritu Mishra",slug:"ritu-mishra"}]},{id:"28793",title:"The Use of 31-Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Study Brain Cell Membrane Motion- Restricted Phospholipids",slug:"the-use-of-31-phosphorus-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy-to-study-brain-cell-membrane-motion-restric",signatures:"Basant K. Puri and Ian H. Treasaden",authors:[{id:"58386",title:"Prof.",name:"Basant",middleName:null,surname:"Puri",fullName:"Basant Puri",slug:"basant-puri"},{id:"58387",title:"Dr.",name:"Ian",middleName:null,surname:"Treasaden",fullName:"Ian Treasaden",slug:"ian-treasaden"}]},{id:"28794",title:"Pediatric Cranial Ultrasound: Techniques, Variants and Pitfalls",slug:"pediatric-cranial-ultrasound-techniques-variants-and-pitfalls",signatures:"Kristin Fickenscher, Zachary Bailey, Megan Saettele, Amy Dahl and Lisa Lowe",authors:[{id:"59028",title:"Prof.",name:"Lisa",middleName:null,surname:"Lowe",fullName:"Lisa Lowe",slug:"lisa-lowe"},{id:"61485",title:"Mr.",name:"Zachary",middleName:null,surname:"Bailey",fullName:"Zachary Bailey",slug:"zachary-bailey"},{id:"61486",title:"Dr.",name:"Kristen",middleName:null,surname:"Fickenscher",fullName:"Kristen Fickenscher",slug:"kristen-fickenscher"},{id:"61487",title:"Dr.",name:"Amy",middleName:null,surname:"Dahl",fullName:"Amy Dahl",slug:"amy-dahl"},{id:"61488",title:"Dr.",name:"Megan",middleName:null,surname:"Saettele",fullName:"Megan Saettele",slug:"megan-saettele"}]},{id:"28795",title:"Impact of White Matter Damage After Stroke",slug:"impact-of-white-matter-damage-after-stroke",signatures:"Robert Lindenberg and Rüdiger J. Seitz",authors:[{id:"51073",title:"Prof.",name:"Rüdiger J.",middleName:null,surname:"Seitz",fullName:"Rüdiger J. Seitz",slug:"rudiger-j.-seitz"},{id:"59697",title:"Dr.",name:"Robert",middleName:null,surname:"Lindenberg",fullName:"Robert Lindenberg",slug:"robert-lindenberg"}]},{id:"28796",title:"Tissue Fate Prediction from Regional Imaging Features in Acute Ischemic Stroke",slug:"tissue-fate-prediction-from-regional-imaging-features-in-acute-ischemic-stroke",signatures:"Fabien Scalzo, Xiao Hu and David Liebeskind",authors:[{id:"49676",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Liebeskind",fullName:"David Liebeskind",slug:"david-liebeskind"},{id:"61090",title:"Dr",name:"Fabien",middleName:null,surname:"Scalzo",fullName:"Fabien Scalzo",slug:"fabien-scalzo"},{id:"61091",title:"Prof.",name:"Xiao",middleName:null,surname:"Hu",fullName:"Xiao Hu",slug:"xiao-hu"}]},{id:"28797",title:"MRI Assessment of Post-Ischemic Neuroinflammation in Stroke: Experimental and Clinical Studies",slug:"mri-assessment-of-post-ischemic-neuroinflammation-in-stroke-experimental-and-clinical-studies",signatures:"Fabien Chauveau, Marilena Marinescu, Cho Tae-Hee, Marlène Wiart, Yves Berthezène and Norbert Nighoghossian",authors:[{id:"62233",title:"Prof.",name:"Norbert",middleName:null,surname:"Nighoghossian",fullName:"Norbert Nighoghossian",slug:"norbert-nighoghossian"},{id:"96814",title:"MSc.",name:"Marilena",middleName:null,surname:"Marinescu",fullName:"Marilena Marinescu",slug:"marilena-marinescu"},{id:"96817",title:"Dr.",name:"Fabien",middleName:null,surname:"Chauveau",fullName:"Fabien Chauveau",slug:"fabien-chauveau"},{id:"96818",title:"Dr.",name:"Tae-Hee",middleName:null,surname:"Cho",fullName:"Tae-Hee Cho",slug:"tae-hee-cho"},{id:"96819",title:"Prof.",name:"Yves",middleName:null,surname:"Berthezène",fullName:"Yves Berthezène",slug:"yves-berthezene"},{id:"96821",title:"Dr.",name:"Marlène",middleName:null,surname:"Wiart",fullName:"Marlène Wiart",slug:"marlene-wiart"}]},{id:"28798",title:"Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Influence of Topography of Bleeding on Clinical Spectrum and Early Outcome",slug:"intracerebral-hemorrhage-influence-of-topography-of-bleeding-on-clinical-spectrum-and-early-outcome",signatures:"Adrià Arboix and Elisenda Grivé",authors:[{id:"49979",title:"Prof.",name:"Adrià",middleName:null,surname:"Arboix",fullName:"Adrià Arboix",slug:"adria-arboix"},{id:"59341",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisenda",middleName:null,surname:"Grivé",fullName:"Elisenda Grivé",slug:"elisenda-grive"}]},{id:"28799",title:"Genetic Risk Factors of Imaging Measures Associated with Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease",slug:"genetic-risk-factors-of-imaging-measures-associated-with-late-onset-alzheimer-s-disease",signatures:"Christiane Reitz",authors:[{id:"49220",title:"Prof.",name:"Christiane",middleName:null,surname:"Reitz",fullName:"Christiane Reitz",slug:"christiane-reitz"}]},{id:"28800",title:"Neuroimaging Findings in Dementia with Lewy Body: A Review",slug:"neuroimaging-findings-in-dementia-with-lewy-body-a-review-",signatures:"Francesca Baglio, Maria Giulia Preti and Elisabetta Farina",authors:[{id:"56196",title:"Dr.",name:"Elisabetta",middleName:null,surname:"Farina",fullName:"Elisabetta Farina",slug:"elisabetta-farina"},{id:"61427",title:"Dr.",name:"Francesca",middleName:null,surname:"Baglio",fullName:"Francesca Baglio",slug:"francesca-baglio"},{id:"61428",title:"Dr.",name:"Maria Giulia",middleName:null,surname:"Preti",fullName:"Maria Giulia Preti",slug:"maria-giulia-preti"}]},{id:"28801",title:"Endoscopic Intracranial Imaging",slug:"endoscopic-intracranial-imaging",signatures:"Oscar H. Jimenez-Vazquez",authors:[{id:"54034",title:"Dr.",name:"Oscar Humberto",middleName:null,surname:"Jimenez-Vazquez",fullName:"Oscar Humberto Jimenez-Vazquez",slug:"oscar-humberto-jimenez-vazquez"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"65103",title:"Microscope-Integrated Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography in Retinal Surgery",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.83511",slug:"microscope-integrated-intraoperative-optical-coherence-tomography-in-retinal-surgery",body:'\nThe development of microsurgery enhanced the precision with which ophthalmic surgical procedures are currently performed. Its origins date back to 1876, when the first binocular magnifying device was invented by T. Saemisch of Bonn [1]. It was not until 1953, with the manufacture of a microscope with coaxial illumination, that the use of the surgical microscope became more widely available and adapted to ocular surgery [2, 3, 4]. Three years later, in 1956, the term “microsurgery” was used for the first time by H. M. Dekking of Göningen [5]. Almost two decades before the use of binocular magnifying devices, Hermann von Helmholtz invented ophthalmoscopy in 1851 and allowed us to see, for the first time, the human retina [6]. Under this rapidly evolving background, the development of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in 1970 revolutionized retinal surgery with less invasive procedures and better results in terms of visual acuity and patient satisfaction [7].
\nIn addition to the operating microscope, imaging techniques of the posterior segment of the eye have tremendously improved during the last two decades. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) became readily and more widely available during the last 10 years and has become one of the most commonly ordered diagnostic tests in ophthalmology [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. The detail on the retinal architecture provided by OCT allows to better characterize, diagnose, manage, and give prognosis of a wide range of vitreoretinal conditions.
\nFurther improvements in software and imaging started a new transition of this powerful technology to the operating room. Firstly, it was used as a perioperative tool to image pediatric patients, with clear limitations for image acquisition, portability, and sterility [13, 14], and then as a handheld OCT scan head: Bioptigen SDOIS/Envisu portable system (Bioptigen, Research Triangle Park, NC) and Optovue IVue (Optovue, Fremont, CA) [15, 16, 17, 18]. Advantages of the handheld OCT imaging are flexibility of scan head orientation and dynamic positioning of the scan during acquisition. On the other hand, disadvantages were its poor reproducibility, optimal targeting, and the surgeon learning curve [16, 17, 19, 20, 21]. A further step forward was taken with the integration of an OCT scan head to the operating microscope, a model that allowed portability, stability, repeatability, efficiency, control from the foot pedal, and an easier learning curve for surgeons [16, 17, 22, 23, 24]. However, a major drawback of this system was the need to stop the surgical procedure to image the retina: a lack of real-time imaging. The 2-year results of the Prospective Intraoperative and Perioperative Ophthalmic ImagiNg With Optical CoherEncE TomogRaphy (PIONEER) study published in 2014 [17] demonstrated the potential of this imaging tool in the operating theater. A total of 531 eyes were enrolled, from which 256 underwent posterior segment surgery. The three most frequent retinal procedures in this study were epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling (35%), macular hole (MH) surgery (23%), and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair (17%). Intraoperative OCT impacted on the surgeons’ understanding of the anatomical configuration of the region of interest and/or on the surgical procedure in 43% of the cases of retinal membrane peeling and impacted on surgical decision-making in at least 13% of the procedures in which the surgeon wanted to evaluate the outcome after initial membrane peeling [17].
\nMicroscope-integrated OCT (MIOCT) provided real-time imaging when integrative technological progress allowed to incorporate a scanner head/system which is, ideally, coaxial and parafocal with the optical system to the operating microscope [25, 26, 27, 28]. Haag-Streit (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland), Leica (Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, IL, USA), and Zeiss (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) have currently available commercial MIOCT systems: iOCT, EnFocus, and Rescan 700, respectively [29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34]. Despite outcomes are still debatable, literature reports have suggested the feasibility and potentially significant usefulness of an intraoperative MIOCT [35, 36, 37, 38]. The 3-year results of the Determination of Feasibility of Intraoperative Spectral-Domain Microscope Combined/Integrated OCT Visualization during En Face Retinal And Ophthalmic Surgery (DISCOVER) study were published in 2018 [33]. In this report, 877 eyes were enrolled, and 593 of those underwent retinal surgery. The use of MIOCT altered surgical decision-making in 29.2% of the procedures [33].
\nIn order to enhance the intraoperative use of MIOCT, optimized features like automation, effective display systems, and better software analysis are required for the near future. The recent devices allow real-time and static capture acquisition of anterior and posterior segment images during surgery [31, 32, 33, 34]. Nevertheless, they lack automation, and surgeon or assistant input can be necessary. The imaging scan is delivered to the surgeon in a dual manner: as an external display screen or a heads-up display within the oculars, providing versatility and facilitating its intraoperative use (Figure 1) [33]. Microscope-integrated OCT provides the surgeon with an additional tool to better evaluate the case in a real-time fashion, enhance surgical precision, and facilitate surgical decision-making.
\nDisplay modalities of the microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography in the ZEISS RESCAN 700. (A) Heads-up display, showing a vertical and horizontal OCT scan within the oculars. (B) An external display screen allows the surgeon to review the scans in a more detailed manner. Images courtesy of Carl Zeiss Meditec.
The intraoperative advantages of the MIOCT during surgery are wide. Table 1 summarizes the potential surgical implications according to different pathologies.
\nSurgical implications of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography.
Conditions comprising vitreoretinal interface disorders (MH, vitreomacular traction (VMT), and ERM) result in one of the best scenarios for the use of MIOCT [34, 35, 37, 39, 40]. Intraoperative visualization of vitreomacular interface components and alterations can potentially contribute to surgical decision-making in membrane peeling procedures, because of the readiness to obtain real-time imaging of subclinical alterations (e.g., residual membranes, retinal elevations, microarchitectural perturbations in the distances between ellipsoid zone and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as well as alterations of the inner retinal surface) [15, 16, 17, 33, 39, 40, 41, 42]. The ability to perform a membrane peeling with the MIOCT could result in a reduction of the use of vital dyes, a minimization of the risk of retinal pharmacotoxicity, and a reduction of surgical time [35, 43, 44, 45].
\nThe dynamic nature of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling has been evidenced with MIOCT [39, 46]. Modifications of the retinal ultrastructure and geometry of MH during the ILM peeling have been described [17, 31, 42, 47, 48, 49]. Assessment of the border of the ILM peeling (Figure 2), residual ILM, retinal trauma (Figure 3), and anatomical closure (Figure 4) can be easily made in a real-time fashion [39, 46]. A volume increase and base area increase of MH, with a concurrent decrease in the apex height, have been evidenced following ILM peeling [39, 46, 47, 50]. Additionally, the distance between ellipsoid zone and RPE and the lateral extension of this expansion have been documented and associated with anatomical and functional outcomes [16, 17, 41, 42, 47, 50, 51, 52].
\nIntraoperative assessment after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with preservative-free triamcinolone of a macular hole (MH). (A) Color screenshot of the surgical video that delineates the area of the ILM peeling. White triamcinolone particles can be easily seen. (B) Horizontal scan just inferior to the MH. (C) the two-dimensional vertical image scan evidences the transitional zone of the ILM peeling; the red arrow demonstrates the border of the ILM tear inferiorly. Hyperreflective foci correlating with triamcinolone particles can be appreciated in the vitreous cavity, and an ILM remnant stained with triamcinolone is evidenced in the inferior border of the MH (orange arrow).
Intraoperative scan after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling of a macular hole (MH). The imaging scan demonstrates a residual fragment of ILM in the nasal border of the MH (white arrow). Additionally, an indentation in the internal retinal layers is evidenced secondary to excessive manipulation of that area during the ILM peeling procedure (orange arrow). Preretinal hemorrhages are seen superotemporal to the optic nerve head.
Optical coherence tomography scan under the heavy liquid after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Anatomic closure was achieved after performing a gently passive suction maneuver with a 25G silicone-tipped cannula.
The use of MIOCT for these cases poses a potentially useful role. Release of the traction can be confirmed; dynamic anatomical modifications, changes in outer retinal relations of ellipsoid zone and EPR and residual membranes, and formations of full-thickness macular or retinal holes can be identified as well [15, 17, 20, 33].
\nOuter retinal modifications have also been documented following ERM and/or ILM peel in ERM. A decrease in subretinal reflectivity appreciated after these procedures correlates with a considerable expansion of the distance between the ellipsoid zone and the RPE [16, 17, 42, 47, 51]. These changes have been also associated with visual and anatomical recovery rates; however, further studies are needed to confirm this correlation [51].
\nThe surgical benefit of real-time OCT imaging in retinal detachment (RD) repair may not be straightforward. However, intraoperative anatomical features could be relevant for the prognosis of these cases [17, 24, 33]. Additionally, complex cases with severe vitreoproliferative retinopathy could be assisted with real-time imaging and successfully addressed (Figure 5B). It has been evidenced that nearly all eyes undergoing surgery with perfluorocarbon liquid tamponade have some degree of subretinal fluid (Figure 5A,B) [24, 53]. According to the literature, foveal microarchitecture, the amount of submacular fluid, and the integrity of the ellipsoid zone following application of perfluorocarbon liquid may be of significance for the visual outcomes [17, 24, 33]. In cases where subretinal migration of perfluorocarbon liquid is present, correct visualization of the liquid bubbles and complete removal can be verified [53]. Detection of subclinical MH, occult membranes, or retinal breaks is possible with this technology, an advantage that modifies the surgical procedure and has an impact on the patient outcome [33].
\nColor photographs and microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (MIOCT) scans of retinal detachment surgeries. (A) Real-time horizontal and vertical MIOCT scans during retinal detachment repair under perfluorocarbon liquid evidence the progressive displacement of subretinal fluid (arrowhead) and a discrete subclinical remnant of subretinal fluid under the perfluorocarbon liquid (asterisk) [33]. (B) Complex retinal detachment repair. Color photograph evidences severe vitreoretinal proliferation and subretinal band; endodiathermy has been applied superiorly (left image). Visualization under perfluorocarbon liquid after retinectomy shows a flattened retina (center image). Horizontal and vertical MIOCT scans evidence the reattached retina with scant subclinical subretinal fluid and some residual focal membranes and retinal thickening (right images) [65].
Vitreoretinal proliferation in diabetic retinopathy poses some of the most complex cases of vitreoretinal surgeries. The use of MIOCT can facilitate the correct identification and visualization of the surgical planes to aid membrane dissection, delineate areas of retinal detachment, or topographically localize hemorrhages (e.g., subhyaloid, sub-ILM, or subretinal hemorrhages) [31, 33, 54]. Cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy with clinically significant macular edema can be optimally assessed to decide if an ILM peeling is needed (Figure 6) [55, 56, 57, 58]. These clinical circumstances could potentially represent a scenario in which the use of MIOCT can facilitate surgery and enhance outcomes.
\nMacular scan after pars plana vitrectomy in a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The b-scans evidence minor cystic edema and preserved macular architecture. After image assessment, the surgeon decided not to perform internal limiting membrane peeling.
The age and cooperation of the pediatric patients make MIOCT a potentially useful tool to deploy in the examination under general anesthesia, in order to improve the understanding of pathologies such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), shaken baby syndrome, or any other vitreoretinal conditions that do not necessarily require VPP, like retinoblastoma [59, 60, 61, 62]. Retinoschisis, preretinal structures and membranes, as well as lamellar or full-thickness retinal holes, which were not previously appreciated during an office examination, can be evidenced in ROP or shaken baby syndromes, respectively [59, 62].
\nChorioretinal biopsy cases could be benefitted by the correct identification of the anatomical layers conforming the surgical plane and differentiation between normal tissue and lesion. The aid of MIOCT can impact on retinal prostheses implantation (e.g., Argus II implants for retinitis pigmentosa), providing precise information of the implant location and allowing a correct positioning [33, 63, 64].
\nThe rapid technological evolution of our era has allowed us to consider this potentially powerful field of imaging to further improve retinal surgery. Evidence has demonstrated that MIOCT is feasible and useful in the operating theater, providing valuable information to evaluate the surgical field in real time which can alter surgical decision-making, positively impact on short- and long-term outcomes, and possibly promote the development of new surgical techniques. In the near future, improvements in OCT-compatible surgical instrumentation, feedback systems, and software are warranted to achieve an integration of this technology to our operating theaters.
\nThe authors have no commercial or economic conflict of interest to disclose.
The Edited Volume, also known as the IntechOpen Book, is an IntechOpen pioneered publishing product. Edited Volumes make up the core of our business - and as pioneers and developers of this Open Access book publishing format, we have helped change the way scholars and scientists publish their scientific papers - as scientific chapters.
",metaTitle:"Edited Volumes",metaDescription:"The Edited Volume, also known as the InTechOpen Book, is an InTechOpen pioneered publishing product. Edited Volumes make up the core of our business - and as pioneers and developers of this Open Access book publishing format, we have helped change the way scholars and scientists publish their scientific papers - as scientific chapters. ",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/pages/edited-volumes",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"WHY PUBLISH IN AN INTECHOPEN EDITED VOLUME?
\\n\\nOut of all of the publishing options available to researchers, why choose to contribute your research to an IntechOpen Edited Volume? The reasons are simple. IntechOpen has worked exceptionally hard over the past years to fine tune the Open Access book publishing process and we continue to work hard to deliver the best for all of our contributors. The quality of published content is of utmost importance to us, followed closely by speed, and of course, availability and accessibility. To view current Open Access book projects that are Open for Submissions visit us here.
\\n\\nQUALITY CONTENT
\\n\\nOver the years we have learned what is important. What makes a difference to the researchers that work with us, what they value. Something that is very high not only on their lists, but our own, is the quality of the published content.
\\n\\nOur books contain scientific content written by two Nobel Prize winners, two Breakthrough Prize winners and 73 authors who are in the top 1% Most Cited.
\\n\\nWith regular submission for coverage in the single most important database, the Book Citation Index in the Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI), and no rejected submissions to date, over 43% of all Open Access books indexed in the BKCI are IntechOpen published books.
\\n\\nIn addition to BKCI, IntechOpen covers a number of important discipline specific databases as well, such as Thomson Reuters’ BIOSIS Previews.
\\n\\nACCESS
\\n\\nThe need for up to date information available at the click of a mouse is one thing that sets IntechOpen apart. By developing our own technologies in order to streamline the publishing process, we are able to minimize the amount of time from initial submission of a manuscript to its final publication date, without compromising the rigor of the editorial and peer review process. This means that the research published stays relevant, and in this fast paced world, this is very important.
\\n\\nYOUR WORK, YOUR COPYRIGHT
\\n\\nThe utilization of CC licenses allow researchers to retain copyright to their work. Researchers are free to use, adapt and share all content they publish with us. You will never have to pay permission fees to reuse a part of an experiment that you worked so hard to complete and are free to build upon your own research and the research of others. The Edited Volume helps bring together research from all over the world and compiles that research into one book - accessible for all. The research presented in chapter one can inspire the author of chapter three to take his or her research to the next level. It is about sharing ideas, insights and knowledge.
\\n\\nCan collaboration be inspired by a publishing format? At IntechOpen, the answer is yes. The way the research is published, the way it is accessed, it’s all part of our mission to help academics make a greater impact by giving readers free access to all published work.
\\n\\nOur Open Access book collection includes:
\\n\\n3,332 OPEN ACCESS BOOKS
\\n\\n107,564 INTERNATIONAL AUTHORS AND ACADEMIC EDITORS
\\n\\n113+ MILLION DOWNLOADS
\\n\\nPUBLISHING PROCESS STEPS
\\n\\nSee a complete overview of all publishing process steps and descriptions here.
\\n\\nCURRENT PROJECTS
\\n\\nTo view current Open Access book projects that are Open for Submissions visit us here.
\\n\\nNot sure if this is the right publishing option for you? Feel free to contact us at book.department@intechopen.com.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'WHY PUBLISH IN AN INTECHOPEN EDITED VOLUME?
\n\nOut of all of the publishing options available to researchers, why choose to contribute your research to an IntechOpen Edited Volume? The reasons are simple. IntechOpen has worked exceptionally hard over the past years to fine tune the Open Access book publishing process and we continue to work hard to deliver the best for all of our contributors. The quality of published content is of utmost importance to us, followed closely by speed, and of course, availability and accessibility. To view current Open Access book projects that are Open for Submissions visit us here.
\n\nQUALITY CONTENT
\n\nOver the years we have learned what is important. What makes a difference to the researchers that work with us, what they value. Something that is very high not only on their lists, but our own, is the quality of the published content.
\n\nOur books contain scientific content written by two Nobel Prize winners, two Breakthrough Prize winners and 73 authors who are in the top 1% Most Cited.
\n\nWith regular submission for coverage in the single most important database, the Book Citation Index in the Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI), and no rejected submissions to date, over 43% of all Open Access books indexed in the BKCI are IntechOpen published books.
\n\nIn addition to BKCI, IntechOpen covers a number of important discipline specific databases as well, such as Thomson Reuters’ BIOSIS Previews.
\n\nACCESS
\n\nThe need for up to date information available at the click of a mouse is one thing that sets IntechOpen apart. By developing our own technologies in order to streamline the publishing process, we are able to minimize the amount of time from initial submission of a manuscript to its final publication date, without compromising the rigor of the editorial and peer review process. This means that the research published stays relevant, and in this fast paced world, this is very important.
\n\nYOUR WORK, YOUR COPYRIGHT
\n\nThe utilization of CC licenses allow researchers to retain copyright to their work. Researchers are free to use, adapt and share all content they publish with us. You will never have to pay permission fees to reuse a part of an experiment that you worked so hard to complete and are free to build upon your own research and the research of others. The Edited Volume helps bring together research from all over the world and compiles that research into one book - accessible for all. The research presented in chapter one can inspire the author of chapter three to take his or her research to the next level. It is about sharing ideas, insights and knowledge.
\n\nCan collaboration be inspired by a publishing format? At IntechOpen, the answer is yes. The way the research is published, the way it is accessed, it’s all part of our mission to help academics make a greater impact by giving readers free access to all published work.
\n\nOur Open Access book collection includes:
\n\n3,332 OPEN ACCESS BOOKS
\n\n107,564 INTERNATIONAL AUTHORS AND ACADEMIC EDITORS
\n\n113+ MILLION DOWNLOADS
\n\nPUBLISHING PROCESS STEPS
\n\nSee a complete overview of all publishing process steps and descriptions here.
\n\nCURRENT PROJECTS
\n\nTo view current Open Access book projects that are Open for Submissions visit us here.
\n\nNot sure if this is the right publishing option for you? Feel free to contact us at book.department@intechopen.com.
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5318},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:4830},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1469},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:9372},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:837},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:14789}],offset:12,limit:12,total:108346},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{topicId:"6"},books:[{type:"book",id:"6926",title:"Biological Anthropology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"db6aa70aa47f94b3afa5b4951eba6d97",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Alessio Vovlas",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6926.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"313084",title:"Dr.",name:"Alessio",surname:"Vovlas",slug:"alessio-vovlas",fullName:"Alessio Vovlas"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6931",title:"Personality Disorders",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"cc530c17b87275c5e284fcac8047d40e",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Catherine Athanasiadou-Lewis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6931.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"287692",title:"Dr.",name:"Catherine",surname:"Athanasiadou-Lewis",slug:"catherine-athanasiadou-lewis",fullName:"Catherine Athanasiadou-Lewis"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6947",title:"Contemporary Topics in Graduate Medical Education - Volume 2",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"4374f31d47ec1ddb7b1be0f15f1116eb",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Stanislaw P. Stawicki, Michael S. S Firstenberg, Dr. James P. Orlando and Dr. Thomas John Papadimos",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6947.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"181694",title:"Dr.",name:"Stanislaw P.",surname:"Stawicki",slug:"stanislaw-p.-stawicki",fullName:"Stanislaw P. Stawicki"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7102",title:"Pneumonia",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"99c408d20813ec62ec65467c3597d63f",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7102.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7134",title:"Syphilis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"fff77c1e77772f2f9affe655a80cdf52",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7134.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7309",title:"Temporal Bone",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e0582cee55e94a3b49cc659548e881d8",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Ghada Amin Ahmed Khalifa, Dr. Suzan Ahmed Mohamed Salem and Dr. Islam Mohamed Saad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7309.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"212735",title:"Prof.",name:"Ghada Amin Ahmed",surname:"Khalifa",slug:"ghada-amin-ahmed-khalifa",fullName:"Ghada Amin Ahmed Khalifa"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7665",title:"Digestive system - Surgical Treatment of Benign and Malignant Diseases",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"2dcc510dce568cb27018a47917639e72",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Pasquale Cianci and Dr. Enrico Restini",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7665.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"196218",title:"Dr.",name:"Pasquale",surname:"Cianci",slug:"pasquale-cianci",fullName:"Pasquale Cianci"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7797",title:"Caregiving and Home Care",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"61a5bab01bf8228ef9fb7e3c16072e78",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Michael John Stones",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7797.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"289526",title:"Prof.",name:"Michael John",surname:"Stones",slug:"michael-john-stones",fullName:"Michael John Stones"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7841",title:"New Insights Into Metabolic Syndrome",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ef5accfac9772b9e2c9eff884f085510",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Akikazu Takada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7841.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"248459",title:"Dr.",name:"Akikazu",surname:"Takada",slug:"akikazu-takada",fullName:"Akikazu Takada"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7886",title:"Photodynamic Therapy",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"eae80b20d0afc385dbc2b8e798a4bf66",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7886.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7888",title:"Hepatitis A",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e027bb08025546d9beb242d55e87c84c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Costin Teodor Teodor Streba, Dr. Cristin Constantin Vere and Dr. Ion Rogoveanu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7888.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"55546",title:"Dr.",name:"Costin Teodor",surname:"Streba",slug:"costin-teodor-streba",fullName:"Costin Teodor Streba"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7916",title:"Syncope",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ec1cc652454dd39df331418b4b7108c7",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7916.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:35},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:33},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:30},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:24},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:14},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:67},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:12},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:36},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:14},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:132},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:20},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:13},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Insectology",value:39,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Genesiology",value:300,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Machine Learning and Data Mining",value:521,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Intelligent System",value:535,count:1}],offset:36,limit:12,total:239},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7640",title:"Perspective of Carbon Nanotubes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8b85a9957fad5206369eadf0c1ffa27d",slug:"perspective-of-carbon-nanotubes",bookSignature:"Hosam El-Din Saleh and Said Moawad Mohamed El-Sheikh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7640.jpg",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam El-Din",middleName:"M.",surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-el-din-saleh",fullName:"Hosam El-Din Saleh"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7583",title:"Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics for Emerging Engineering Processes",subtitle:"Eulerian vs. Lagrangian",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"896509fa2e7e659811bffd0f9779ca9d",slug:"advanced-computational-fluid-dynamics-for-emerging-engineering-processes-eulerian-vs-lagrangian",bookSignature:"Albert S. Kim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7583.jpg",editors:[{id:"21045",title:"Prof.",name:"Albert S.",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",slug:"albert-s.-kim",fullName:"Albert S. Kim"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7839",title:"Malaria",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"91cde4582ead884cb0f355a19b67cd56",slug:"malaria",bookSignature:"Fyson H. Kasenga",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7839.jpg",editors:[{id:"86725",title:"Dr.",name:"Fyson",middleName:"Hanania",surname:"Kasenga",slug:"fyson-kasenga",fullName:"Fyson Kasenga"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7698",title:"Educational Psychology",subtitle:"Between Certitudes and Uncertainties",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"740943e2d029253e777150e98ebe2f0d",slug:"educational-psychology-between-certitudes-and-uncertainties",bookSignature:"Victori?a Trif",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7698.jpg",editors:[{id:"201656",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Victorița",middleName:null,surname:"Trif",slug:"victorita-trif",fullName:"Victorița Trif"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7000",title:"Legume Crops",subtitle:"Characterization and Breeding for Improved Food Security",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d0f73bf883bbb984cc2feef1259a9a7",slug:"legume-crops-characterization-and-breeding-for-improved-food-security",bookSignature:"Mohamed Ahmed El-Esawi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7000.jpg",editors:[{id:"191770",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed A.",middleName:null,surname:"El-Esawi",slug:"mohamed-a.-el-esawi",fullName:"Mohamed A. El-Esawi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7093",title:"Pneumothorax",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0b1fdb8bb0448f48c2f234753898f3f8",slug:"pneumothorax",bookSignature:"Khalid Amer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7093.jpg",editors:[{id:"63412",title:"Dr.",name:"Khalid",middleName:null,surname:"Amer",slug:"khalid-amer",fullName:"Khalid Amer"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7612",title:"Electrospinning and Electrospraying",subtitle:"Techniques and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"77e9708250507395a4bea2c17d012982",slug:"electrospinning-and-electrospraying-techniques-and-applications",bookSignature:"Sajjad Haider and Adnan Haider",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7612.jpg",editors:[{id:"110708",title:"Dr.",name:"Sajjad",middleName:null,surname:"Haider",slug:"sajjad-haider",fullName:"Sajjad Haider"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8323",title:"Traditional and Complementary Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"60eadb1783d9bba245687adf284d4871",slug:"traditional-and-complementary-medicine",bookSignature:"Cengiz Mordeniz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8323.jpg",editors:[{id:"214664",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Cengiz",middleName:null,surname:"Mordeniz",slug:"cengiz-mordeniz",fullName:"Cengiz Mordeniz"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7646",title:"Scientometrics Recent Advances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"86bbdd04d7e80be14283d44969d1cc32",slug:"scientometrics-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Suad Kunosic and Enver Zerem",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7646.jpg",editors:[{id:"88678",title:"Prof.",name:"Suad",middleName:null,surname:"Kunosic",slug:"suad-kunosic",fullName:"Suad Kunosic"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8516",title:"Metacognition in Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5fa6eaad7b509b8b7ec5124d79e5f605",slug:"metacognition-in-learning",bookSignature:"Nosisi Feza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8516.jpg",editors:[{id:"261665",title:"Prof.",name:"Nosisi",middleName:"N.",surname:"Feza",slug:"nosisi-feza",fullName:"Nosisi Feza"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7404",title:"Hysteresis of Composites",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8540fa2378dbb92e50411cfebfb853a6",slug:"hysteresis-of-composites",bookSignature:"Li Longbiao",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7404.jpg",editors:[{id:"260011",title:"Dr.",name:"Li",middleName:null,surname:"Longbiao",slug:"li-longbiao",fullName:"Li Longbiao"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7878",title:"Advances in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation",subtitle:"Volume 3",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"f95bf990273d08098a00f9a1c2403cbe",slug:"advances-in-extracorporeal-membrane-oxygenation-volume-3",bookSignature:"Michael S. Firstenberg",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7878.jpg",editors:[{id:"64343",title:null,name:"Michael S.",middleName:"S",surname:"Firstenberg",slug:"michael-s.-firstenberg",fullName:"Michael S. Firstenberg"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:4406},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7640",title:"Perspective of Carbon Nanotubes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8b85a9957fad5206369eadf0c1ffa27d",slug:"perspective-of-carbon-nanotubes",bookSignature:"Hosam El-Din Saleh and Said Moawad Mohamed El-Sheikh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7640.jpg",editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam El-Din",middleName:"M.",surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-el-din-saleh",fullName:"Hosam El-Din Saleh"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7583",title:"Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics for Emerging Engineering Processes",subtitle:"Eulerian vs. Lagrangian",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"896509fa2e7e659811bffd0f9779ca9d",slug:"advanced-computational-fluid-dynamics-for-emerging-engineering-processes-eulerian-vs-lagrangian",bookSignature:"Albert S. Kim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7583.jpg",editors:[{id:"21045",title:"Prof.",name:"Albert S.",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",slug:"albert-s.-kim",fullName:"Albert S. Kim"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7839",title:"Malaria",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"91cde4582ead884cb0f355a19b67cd56",slug:"malaria",bookSignature:"Fyson H. Kasenga",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7839.jpg",editors:[{id:"86725",title:"Dr.",name:"Fyson",middleName:"Hanania",surname:"Kasenga",slug:"fyson-kasenga",fullName:"Fyson Kasenga"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7698",title:"Educational Psychology",subtitle:"Between Certitudes and Uncertainties",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"740943e2d029253e777150e98ebe2f0d",slug:"educational-psychology-between-certitudes-and-uncertainties",bookSignature:"Victori?a Trif",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7698.jpg",editors:[{id:"201656",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Victorița",middleName:null,surname:"Trif",slug:"victorita-trif",fullName:"Victorița Trif"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7000",title:"Legume Crops",subtitle:"Characterization and Breeding for Improved Food Security",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d0f73bf883bbb984cc2feef1259a9a7",slug:"legume-crops-characterization-and-breeding-for-improved-food-security",bookSignature:"Mohamed Ahmed El-Esawi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7000.jpg",editors:[{id:"191770",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed A.",middleName:null,surname:"El-Esawi",slug:"mohamed-a.-el-esawi",fullName:"Mohamed A. El-Esawi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7093",title:"Pneumothorax",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0b1fdb8bb0448f48c2f234753898f3f8",slug:"pneumothorax",bookSignature:"Khalid Amer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7093.jpg",editors:[{id:"63412",title:"Dr.",name:"Khalid",middleName:null,surname:"Amer",slug:"khalid-amer",fullName:"Khalid Amer"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7612",title:"Electrospinning and Electrospraying",subtitle:"Techniques and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"77e9708250507395a4bea2c17d012982",slug:"electrospinning-and-electrospraying-techniques-and-applications",bookSignature:"Sajjad Haider and Adnan Haider",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7612.jpg",editors:[{id:"110708",title:"Dr.",name:"Sajjad",middleName:null,surname:"Haider",slug:"sajjad-haider",fullName:"Sajjad Haider"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8323",title:"Traditional and Complementary Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"60eadb1783d9bba245687adf284d4871",slug:"traditional-and-complementary-medicine",bookSignature:"Cengiz Mordeniz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8323.jpg",editors:[{id:"214664",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Cengiz",middleName:null,surname:"Mordeniz",slug:"cengiz-mordeniz",fullName:"Cengiz Mordeniz"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7646",title:"Scientometrics Recent Advances",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"86bbdd04d7e80be14283d44969d1cc32",slug:"scientometrics-recent-advances",bookSignature:"Suad Kunosic and Enver Zerem",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7646.jpg",editors:[{id:"88678",title:"Prof.",name:"Suad",middleName:null,surname:"Kunosic",slug:"suad-kunosic",fullName:"Suad Kunosic"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8516",title:"Metacognition in Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5fa6eaad7b509b8b7ec5124d79e5f605",slug:"metacognition-in-learning",bookSignature:"Nosisi Feza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8516.jpg",editors:[{id:"261665",title:"Prof.",name:"Nosisi",middleName:"N.",surname:"Feza",slug:"nosisi-feza",fullName:"Nosisi Feza"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7698",title:"Educational Psychology",subtitle:"Between Certitudes and Uncertainties",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"740943e2d029253e777150e98ebe2f0d",slug:"educational-psychology-between-certitudes-and-uncertainties",bookSignature:"Victori?a Trif",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7698.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"201656",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Victorița",middleName:null,surname:"Trif",slug:"victorita-trif",fullName:"Victorița Trif"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8747",title:"Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6083f7c9881029f1e033a1e512af7e20",slug:"asphalt-and-asphalt-mixtures",bookSignature:"Haitao Zhang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8747.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"260604",title:"Prof.",name:"Haitao",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"haitao-zhang",fullName:"Haitao Zhang"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8516",title:"Metacognition in Learning",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5fa6eaad7b509b8b7ec5124d79e5f605",slug:"metacognition-in-learning",bookSignature:"Nosisi Feza",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8516.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"261665",title:"Prof.",name:"Nosisi",middleName:"N.",surname:"Feza",slug:"nosisi-feza",fullName:"Nosisi Feza"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7000",title:"Legume Crops",subtitle:"Characterization and Breeding for Improved Food Security",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4d0f73bf883bbb984cc2feef1259a9a7",slug:"legume-crops-characterization-and-breeding-for-improved-food-security",bookSignature:"Mohamed Ahmed El-Esawi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7000.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"191770",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed A.",middleName:null,surname:"El-Esawi",slug:"mohamed-a.-el-esawi",fullName:"Mohamed A. El-Esawi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8292",title:"Oral Health by Using Probiotic Products",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"327e750e83634800ace02fe62607c21e",slug:"oral-health-by-using-probiotic-products",bookSignature:"Razzagh Mahmoudi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8292.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"245925",title:"Dr.",name:"Razzagh",middleName:null,surname:"Mahmoudi",slug:"razzagh-mahmoudi",fullName:"Razzagh Mahmoudi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8323",title:"Traditional and Complementary Medicine",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"60eadb1783d9bba245687adf284d4871",slug:"traditional-and-complementary-medicine",bookSignature:"Cengiz Mordeniz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8323.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"214664",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Cengiz",middleName:null,surname:"Mordeniz",slug:"cengiz-mordeniz",fullName:"Cengiz Mordeniz"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8347",title:"Computer Architecture in Industrial, Biomechanical and Biomedical Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3d7024a8d7d8afed093c9c79ec31f15a",slug:"computer-architecture-in-industrial-biomechanical-and-biomedical-engineering",bookSignature:"Lulu Wang and Liandong Yu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8347.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"257388",title:"Dr.",name:"Lulu",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"lulu-wang",fullName:"Lulu Wang"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7583",title:"Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics for Emerging Engineering Processes",subtitle:"Eulerian vs. Lagrangian",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"896509fa2e7e659811bffd0f9779ca9d",slug:"advanced-computational-fluid-dynamics-for-emerging-engineering-processes-eulerian-vs-lagrangian",bookSignature:"Albert S. Kim",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7583.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"21045",title:"Prof.",name:"Albert S.",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",slug:"albert-s.-kim",fullName:"Albert S. Kim"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7839",title:"Malaria",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"91cde4582ead884cb0f355a19b67cd56",slug:"malaria",bookSignature:"Fyson H. Kasenga",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7839.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"86725",title:"Dr.",name:"Fyson",middleName:"Hanania",surname:"Kasenga",slug:"fyson-kasenga",fullName:"Fyson Kasenga"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7093",title:"Pneumothorax",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0b1fdb8bb0448f48c2f234753898f3f8",slug:"pneumothorax",bookSignature:"Khalid Amer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7093.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"63412",title:"Dr.",name:"Khalid",middleName:null,surname:"Amer",slug:"khalid-amer",fullName:"Khalid Amer"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"510",title:"Quantum Chemistry",slug:"quantum-chemistry",parent:{title:"Physical Chemistry",slug:"chemistry-physical-chemistry"},numberOfBooks:2,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:38,numberOfWosCitations:28,numberOfCrossrefCitations:16,numberOfDimensionsCitations:25,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"quantum-chemistry",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"6193",title:"Density Functional Calculations",subtitle:"Recent Progresses of Theory and Application",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"04bd3a4c7740eade2019d3e7741b8449",slug:"density-functional-calculations-recent-progresses-of-theory-and-application",bookSignature:"Gang Yang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6193.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"180731",title:"Dr.",name:"Gang",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"gang-yang",fullName:"Gang Yang"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1598",title:"Quantum Chemistry",subtitle:"Molecules for Innovations",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3b179faa717d8e2afea0e75835c0d4b1",slug:"quantum-chemistry-molecules-for-innovations",bookSignature:"Tomofumi Tada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1598.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"29886",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomofumi",middleName:null,surname:"Tada",slug:"tomofumi-tada",fullName:"Tomofumi Tada"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:2,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"33305",doi:"10.5772/35743",title:"Elementary Molecular Mechanisms of the Spontaneous Point Mutations in DNA: A Novel Quantum-Chemical Insight into the Classical Understanding",slug:"elementary-molecular-mechanisms-of-the-spontaneous-point-mutations-in-dna-a-novel-quantum-chemical-i",totalDownloads:1921,totalCrossrefCites:13,totalDimensionsCites:20,book:{slug:"quantum-chemistry-molecules-for-innovations",title:"Quantum Chemistry",fullTitle:"Quantum Chemistry - Molecules for Innovations"},signatures:"Ol'ha O. Brovarets‘, Iryna M. Kolomiets‘ and Dmytro M. Hovorun",authors:[{id:"105697",title:"Dr.",name:"Ol\\'Ha",middleName:"Oleksandrivna",surname:"Brovarets\\'",slug:"ol'ha-brovarets'",fullName:"Ol\\'Ha Brovarets\\'"},{id:"111879",title:"Dr.",name:"Iryna",middleName:null,surname:"Kolomiets",slug:"iryna-kolomiets",fullName:"Iryna Kolomiets"},{id:"111880",title:"Prof.",name:"Dmyto",middleName:null,surname:"Hovorun",slug:"dmyto-hovorun",fullName:"Dmyto Hovorun"}]},{id:"58999",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.72020",title:"The DFT+U: Approaches, Accuracy, and Applications",slug:"the-dft-u-approaches-accuracy-and-applications",totalDownloads:1327,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:4,book:{slug:"density-functional-calculations-recent-progresses-of-theory-and-application",title:"Density Functional Calculations",fullTitle:"Density Functional Calculations - Recent Progresses of Theory and Application"},signatures:"Sarah A. Tolba, Kareem M. Gameel, Basant A. Ali, Hossam A.\nAlmossalami and Nageh K. Allam",authors:[{id:"175824",title:"Dr.",name:"Nageh",middleName:"K.",surname:"Allam",slug:"nageh-allam",fullName:"Nageh Allam"}]},{id:"33306",doi:"10.5772/34994",title:"Quantum Chemistry and Chemometrics Applied to Conformational Analysis",slug:"quantum-chemistry-and-chemometrics-applied-to-conformational-analysis",totalDownloads:2594,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"quantum-chemistry-molecules-for-innovations",title:"Quantum Chemistry",fullTitle:"Quantum Chemistry - Molecules for Innovations"},signatures:"Aline Thaís Bruni and Vitor Barbanti Pereira Leite",authors:[{id:"102533",title:"PhD.",name:"Aline",middleName:"Thais",surname:"Bruni",slug:"aline-bruni",fullName:"Aline Bruni"},{id:"111368",title:"Prof.",name:"Vitor Barbanti Pereira",middleName:null,surname:"Leite",slug:"vitor-barbanti-pereira-leite",fullName:"Vitor Barbanti Pereira Leite"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"58999",title:"The DFT+U: Approaches, Accuracy, and Applications",slug:"the-dft-u-approaches-accuracy-and-applications",totalDownloads:1327,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:4,book:{slug:"density-functional-calculations-recent-progresses-of-theory-and-application",title:"Density Functional Calculations",fullTitle:"Density Functional Calculations - Recent Progresses of Theory and Application"},signatures:"Sarah A. Tolba, Kareem M. Gameel, Basant A. Ali, Hossam A.\nAlmossalami and Nageh K. Allam",authors:[{id:"175824",title:"Dr.",name:"Nageh",middleName:"K.",surname:"Allam",slug:"nageh-allam",fullName:"Nageh Allam"}]},{id:"57798",title:"Spectral Calculations with DFT",slug:"spectral-calculations-with-dft",totalDownloads:613,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"density-functional-calculations-recent-progresses-of-theory-and-application",title:"Density Functional Calculations",fullTitle:"Density Functional Calculations - Recent Progresses of Theory and Application"},signatures:"Ataf Ali Altaf, Samia Kausar and Amin Badshah",authors:[{id:"207725",title:"Dr.",name:"Ataf Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Altaf",slug:"ataf-ali-altaf",fullName:"Ataf Ali Altaf"},{id:"218332",title:"Prof.",name:"Amin",middleName:null,surname:"Badshah",slug:"amin-badshah",fullName:"Amin Badshah"},{id:"218334",title:"Ms.",name:"Samia",middleName:null,surname:"Kausar",slug:"samia-kausar",fullName:"Samia Kausar"}]},{id:"33309",title:"Theoretical Study for High Energy Density Compounds from Cyclophosphazene",slug:"theoretical-study-for-high-energy-density-compounds-from-cyclophosphazene",totalDownloads:4002,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"quantum-chemistry-molecules-for-innovations",title:"Quantum Chemistry",fullTitle:"Quantum Chemistry - Molecules for Innovations"},signatures:"Kun Wang, Jian-Guo Zhang, Hui-Hui Zheng, Hui-Sheng Huang and Tong-Lai Zhang",authors:[{id:"106956",title:"Prof.",name:"Jian-Guo",middleName:null,surname:"Zhang",slug:"jian-guo-zhang",fullName:"Jian-Guo Zhang"}]},{id:"58242",title:"Elastic Constants and Homogenized Moduli of Monoclinic Structures Based on Density Functional Theory",slug:"elastic-constants-and-homogenized-moduli-of-monoclinic-structures-based-on-density-functional-theory",totalDownloads:356,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"density-functional-calculations-recent-progresses-of-theory-and-application",title:"Density Functional Calculations",fullTitle:"Density Functional Calculations - Recent Progresses of Theory and Application"},signatures:"Jia Fu",authors:[{id:"214281",title:"Dr.",name:"Jia",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"jia-fu",fullName:"Jia Fu"}]},{id:"59196",title:"Application of Density Functional Theory in Soil Science",slug:"application-of-density-functional-theory-in-soil-science",totalDownloads:358,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"density-functional-calculations-recent-progresses-of-theory-and-application",title:"Density Functional Calculations",fullTitle:"Density Functional Calculations - Recent Progresses of Theory and Application"},signatures:"Jiena Yun, Qian Wang, Chang Zhu and Gang Yang",authors:[{id:"180731",title:"Dr.",name:"Gang",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",slug:"gang-yang",fullName:"Gang Yang"}]},{id:"56989",title:"Spectroscopy, Substituent Effects, and Reaction Mechanisms",slug:"spectroscopy-substituent-effects-and-reaction-mechanisms",totalDownloads:405,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"density-functional-calculations-recent-progresses-of-theory-and-application",title:"Density Functional Calculations",fullTitle:"Density Functional Calculations - Recent Progresses of Theory and Application"},signatures:"Burkhard Kirste",authors:[{id:"207738",title:"Dr.",name:"Burkhard",middleName:null,surname:"Kirste",slug:"burkhard-kirste",fullName:"Burkhard Kirste"}]},{id:"60804",title:"Mechanistic Study on the Formation of Compounds from Thioureas",slug:"mechanistic-study-on-the-formation-of-compounds-from-thioureas",totalDownloads:422,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"density-functional-calculations-recent-progresses-of-theory-and-application",title:"Density Functional Calculations",fullTitle:"Density Functional Calculations - Recent Progresses of Theory and Application"},signatures:"Warjeet S. Laitonjam and Lokendrajit Nahakpam",authors:[{id:"34664",title:"Prof.",name:"Warjeet S.",middleName:null,surname:"Laitonjam",slug:"warjeet-s.-laitonjam",fullName:"Warjeet S. Laitonjam"},{id:"209556",title:"Dr.",name:"Lokendrajit",middleName:null,surname:"Nahakpam",slug:"lokendrajit-nahakpam",fullName:"Lokendrajit Nahakpam"}]},{id:"33305",title:"Elementary Molecular Mechanisms of the Spontaneous Point Mutations in DNA: A Novel Quantum-Chemical Insight into the Classical Understanding",slug:"elementary-molecular-mechanisms-of-the-spontaneous-point-mutations-in-dna-a-novel-quantum-chemical-i",totalDownloads:1921,totalCrossrefCites:13,totalDimensionsCites:20,book:{slug:"quantum-chemistry-molecules-for-innovations",title:"Quantum Chemistry",fullTitle:"Quantum Chemistry - Molecules for Innovations"},signatures:"Ol'ha O. Brovarets‘, Iryna M. Kolomiets‘ and Dmytro M. Hovorun",authors:[{id:"105697",title:"Dr.",name:"Ol\\'Ha",middleName:"Oleksandrivna",surname:"Brovarets\\'",slug:"ol'ha-brovarets'",fullName:"Ol\\'Ha Brovarets\\'"},{id:"111879",title:"Dr.",name:"Iryna",middleName:null,surname:"Kolomiets",slug:"iryna-kolomiets",fullName:"Iryna Kolomiets"},{id:"111880",title:"Prof.",name:"Dmyto",middleName:null,surname:"Hovorun",slug:"dmyto-hovorun",fullName:"Dmyto Hovorun"}]},{id:"33306",title:"Quantum Chemistry and Chemometrics Applied to Conformational Analysis",slug:"quantum-chemistry-and-chemometrics-applied-to-conformational-analysis",totalDownloads:2594,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"quantum-chemistry-molecules-for-innovations",title:"Quantum Chemistry",fullTitle:"Quantum Chemistry - Molecules for Innovations"},signatures:"Aline Thaís Bruni and Vitor Barbanti Pereira Leite",authors:[{id:"102533",title:"PhD.",name:"Aline",middleName:"Thais",surname:"Bruni",slug:"aline-bruni",fullName:"Aline Bruni"},{id:"111368",title:"Prof.",name:"Vitor Barbanti Pereira",middleName:null,surname:"Leite",slug:"vitor-barbanti-pereira-leite",fullName:"Vitor Barbanti Pereira Leite"}]},{id:"33302",title:"Numerical Solution of Linear Ordinary Differential Equations in Quantum Chemistry by Spectral Method",slug:"numerical-solution-of-linear-ordinary-differential-equations-in-quantum-chemistry-by-spectral-method",totalDownloads:2587,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"quantum-chemistry-molecules-for-innovations",title:"Quantum Chemistry",fullTitle:"Quantum Chemistry - Molecules for Innovations"},signatures:"Masoud Saravi and Seyedeh-Razieh Mirrajei",authors:[{id:"101641",title:"Dr.",name:"Masoud",middleName:null,surname:"Saravi",slug:"masoud-saravi",fullName:"Masoud Saravi"},{id:"137928",title:"Mrs.",name:"Seyedehrazieh",middleName:null,surname:"Mirrajei",slug:"seyedehrazieh-mirrajei",fullName:"Seyedehrazieh Mirrajei"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"quantum-chemistry",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10080",title:"Vortex Dynamics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"ea97962e99b3e0ebc9b46b48ba5bea14",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Zambri Harun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10080.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"243152",title:"Dr.",name:"Zambri",middleName:null,surname:"Harun",slug:"zambri-harun",fullName:"Zambri Harun"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8903",title:"Carbon Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"19da699b370f320eca63ef2ba02f745d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Mattia Bartoli and Dr. Marco Frediani",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8903.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"188999",title:"Dr.",name:"Mattia",middleName:null,surname:"Bartoli",slug:"mattia-bartoli",fullName:"Mattia Bartoli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8771",title:"Raman Scattering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"1354b3097eaa5b27d9d4bd29d3150b27",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Samir Kumar and Dr. Prabhat Kumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8771.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"296661",title:"Dr.",name:"Samir",middleName:null,surname:"Kumar",slug:"samir-kumar",fullName:"Samir Kumar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10073",title:"Recent Advances in Nanophotonics-Fundamentals and Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"aceca7dfc807140870a89d42c5537d7c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Mojtaba Kahrizi and Ms. Parsoua Abedini Sohi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10073.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"113045",title:"Dr.",name:"Mojtaba",middleName:null,surname:"Kahrizi",slug:"mojtaba-kahrizi",fullName:"Mojtaba Kahrizi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10132",title:"Applied Computational Near-surface Geophysics - From Integral and Derivative Formulas to MATLAB Codes",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"38cdbbb671df620b36ee96af1d9a3a90",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Afshin Aghayan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10132.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"311030",title:"Dr.",name:"Afshin",middleName:null,surname:"Aghayan",slug:"afshin-aghayan",fullName:"Afshin Aghayan"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10110",title:"Advances and Technologies in Building Construction and Structural Analysis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"df2ad14bc5588577e8bf0b7ebcdafd9d",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Ali Kaboli and Dr. Sara Shirowzhan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10110.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"309192",title:"Dr.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Kaboli",slug:"ali-kaboli",fullName:"Ali Kaboli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"10175",title:"Ethics in Emerging Technologies",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9c92da249676e35e2f7476182aa94e84",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Ali Hessami",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10175.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"108303",title:"Prof.",name:"Ali",middleName:null,surname:"Hessami",slug:"ali-hessami",fullName:"Ali Hessami"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9284",title:"Computational Aeroacoustics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"7019c5e5985faef7dc384c87dca5c8ef",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Ramesh K. Agarwal",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9284.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"38519",title:"Prof.",name:"Ramesh K.",middleName:null,surname:"Agarwal",slug:"ramesh-k.-agarwal",fullName:"Ramesh K. Agarwal"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:8,limit:8,total:16},humansInSpaceProgram:{},teamHumansInSpaceProgram:{},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/books/neuroimaging-cognitive-and-clinical-neuroscience/neuroimaging-data-in-bipolar-disorder-an-updated-view",hash:"",query:{},params:{book:"neuroimaging-cognitive-and-clinical-neuroscience",chapter:"neuroimaging-data-in-bipolar-disorder-an-updated-view"},fullPath:"/books/neuroimaging-cognitive-and-clinical-neuroscience/neuroimaging-data-in-bipolar-disorder-an-updated-view",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()