\nBuilt by scientists, for scientists",metaTitle:"Open Access Science Book Publishing | IntechOpen",metaDescription:"IntechOpen are world leaders in open access science publishing, with over 3,900 peer reviewed books available across all STEM fields.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/about-us",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"
We pride ourselves to live and function by our beliefs that scientific progress is fueled by collaboration, that the playing field for scientific research should be leveled globally, combined in a democratic environment with the use of innovative technologies, and made available to anyone at the click of a mouse.
\\n\\nThe high standard of our science publishing has not gone unnoticed. We proudly subscribe to the Budapest Initiative and are members of many Open Access publishing organizations:
\\n\\nWe are members of relevant trade associations and our books are regularly submitted to and indexed by major scientific databases including Web of Science’s Book Citation Index.
\\n\\n\\n"},{"imagePath":"/media/thumbnail/780x430/112","type":"mediaComponent","mediaType":"image","mimeType":null,"caption":"","originalUrl":"/media/thumbnail/600x600/112","alignment":"center"},{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"
Within a year of our founding, we started working with NASA, and the list of globally-recognized funders with whom we are honored to work with keeps expanding. The research of IntechOpen’s Academic Editors and Fellows, and our Open Access book publishing, has been financed through funders such as:
\\n\\nIntechOpen’s Academic Editors and Authors are members of our growing scientific community focused on quality, peer-reviewed research and expeditious spreading of knowledge. Our community comprises of senior members of the international academic and scientific community across all fields of science, whose merits include Nobel Laureates and the world's top 1% most cited authors.
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'We pride ourselves to live and function by our beliefs that scientific progress is fueled by collaboration, that the playing field for scientific research should be leveled globally, combined in a democratic environment with the use of innovative technologies, and made available to anyone at the click of a mouse.
\n\nThe high standard of our science publishing has not gone unnoticed. We proudly subscribe to the Budapest Initiative and are members of many Open Access publishing organizations:
\n\nWe are members of relevant trade associations and our books are regularly submitted to and indexed by major scientific databases including Web of Science’s Book Citation Index.
\n\n\n'},{imagePath:"/media/thumbnail/780x430/112",type:"mediaComponent",mediaType:"image",mimeType:null,caption:"",originalUrl:"/media/thumbnail/600x600/112",alignment:"center"},{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:"
Within a year of our founding, we started working with NASA, and the list of globally-recognized funders with whom we are honored to work with keeps expanding. The research of IntechOpen’s Academic Editors and Fellows, and our Open Access book publishing, has been financed through funders such as:
\n\nIntechOpen’s Academic Editors and Authors are members of our growing scientific community focused on quality, peer-reviewed research and expeditious spreading of knowledge. Our community comprises of senior members of the international academic and scientific community across all fields of science, whose merits include Nobel Laureates and the world's top 1% most cited authors.
\n"}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[],filtersByRegion:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{topicId:"15"},books:[{type:"book",id:"7428",title:"Tensor Decomposition",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"8b7ffb45770f52fa3c42ed81cb39924e",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7428.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7631",title:"Turbulent/non-turbulent Interfaces",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"9369b33a16fa7f3c2eadfda14e0883fa",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7631.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7662",title:"Nonlinear Systems - Volume 2",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"fdcb3bf6de1d84506ffc6aa9e5b691b3",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Walter Edgardo Legnani",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7662.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"199059",title:"Dr.",name:"Walter",surname:"Legnani",slug:"walter-legnani",fullName:"Walter Legnani"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7681",title:"Buffer Layers",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d55c934c5ea63115226dd0c9ccbb2609",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7681.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7719",title:"Fractional Differential Equations",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"2ee03170ee426444f1c78af05b42ef9e",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Terry E. Moschandreou",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7719.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"146196",title:"Dr.",name:"Terry E.",surname:"Moschandreou",slug:"terry-e.-moschandreou",fullName:"Terry E. Moschandreou"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7776",title:"Research Advances in Chaos Theory",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"e9646ec4b2bff873ce958ed4d5ad7248",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Paul Bracken",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7776.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"92883",title:"Prof.",name:"Paul",surname:"Bracken",slug:"paul-bracken",fullName:"Paul Bracken"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8187",title:"Applications of Differential Geometry in Physics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"321a71d29d5bb5428a36beb323fcc7cf",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8187.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8190",title:"Theory and Applications of Monte Carlo Simulations",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"5d4948c53b4bf98096c4cdb632c94642",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Pooneh Saidi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8190.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"22336",title:"Dr.",name:"Pooneh",surname:"Saidi",slug:"pooneh-saidi",fullName:"Pooneh Saidi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8241",title:"Traveling Salesman Problem",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"6b9cccc4aab415fe5b45a344b4501e18",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8241.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8253",title:"Inverse and Ill-Posed Problems in Mathematical Analysis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"d1cfb88fa591f630cf45ce668a73563f",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8253.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8485",title:"Singular Integrals",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"01daf31ddded5641c4ed88eca67b4284",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8485.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8518",title:"Lie Algebras",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"0487bdff6733cff45a58698f4548a31a",slug:null,bookSignature:"",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8518.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:27},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:31},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:31},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:20},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:90},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:12},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:10},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:20},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:6},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:104},{group:"topic",caption:"Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials",value:17,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:17},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:15},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:8},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:1}],offset:12,limit:12,total:26},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"7452",title:"Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections",subtitle:"Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e99363f3cb1fe89c406f4934a23033d0",slug:"microbiology-of-urinary-tract-infections-microbial-agents-and-predisposing-factors",bookSignature:"Payam Behzadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7452.jpg",editors:[{id:"45803",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Payam",middleName:null,surname:"Behzadi",slug:"payam-behzadi",fullName:"Payam Behzadi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7437",title:"Nanomedicines",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e1f5f6258f074c533976c4f4d248568",slug:"nanomedicines",bookSignature:"Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7437.jpg",editors:[{id:"63182",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad Akhyar",middleName:null,surname:"Farrukh",slug:"muhammad-akhyar-farrukh",fullName:"Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7519",title:"Sol-Gel Method",subtitle:"Design and Synthesis of New Materials with Interesting Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cf094d22ebcb3083749e5f96e47f7769",slug:"sol-gel-method-design-and-synthesis-of-new-materials-with-interesting-physical-chemical-and-biological-properties",bookSignature:"Guadalupe Valverde Aguilar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7519.jpg",editors:[{id:"186652",title:"Dr.",name:"Guadalupe",middleName:null,surname:"Valverde Aguilar",slug:"guadalupe-valverde-aguilar",fullName:"Guadalupe Valverde Aguilar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3568",title:"Recent Advances in Plant in vitro Culture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"830bbb601742c85a3fb0eeafe1454c43",slug:"recent-advances-in-plant-in-vitro-culture",bookSignature:"Annarita Leva and Laura M. R. Rinaldi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3568.jpg",editors:[{id:"142145",title:"Dr.",name:"Annarita",middleName:null,surname:"Leva",slug:"annarita-leva",fullName:"Annarita Leva"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"1770",title:"Gel Electrophoresis",subtitle:"Principles and Basics",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"279701f6c802cf02deef45103e0611ff",slug:"gel-electrophoresis-principles-and-basics",bookSignature:"Sameh Magdeldin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1770.jpg",editors:[{id:"123648",title:"Dr.",name:"Sameh",middleName:null,surname:"Magdeldin",slug:"sameh-magdeldin",fullName:"Sameh Magdeldin"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"6679",title:"Serotonin",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9c833c86546ec9d3c38fb24a1072dbd0",slug:"serotonin",bookSignature:"Ying Qu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6679.jpg",editors:[{id:"94028",title:"Dr.",name:"Ying",middleName:null,surname:"Qu",slug:"ying-qu",fullName:"Ying Qu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"6856",title:"Gold Nanoparticles",subtitle:"Reaching New Heights",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"23e172496e46e18712a901308d074cfb",slug:"gold-nanoparticles-reaching-new-heights",bookSignature:"Mohammed Rahman and Abdullah Mohammed Asiri",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6856.jpg",editors:[{id:"24438",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:"Muzibur",surname:"Rahman",slug:"mohammed-rahman",fullName:"Mohammed Rahman"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"632",title:"Wide Spectra of Quality Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9f7ce64f86daee44a8c5604e8924de1c",slug:"wide-spectra-of-quality-control",bookSignature:"Isin Akyar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/632.jpg",editors:[{id:"36323",title:"Dr.",name:"Isin",middleName:null,surname:"Akyar",slug:"isin-akyar",fullName:"Isin Akyar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"3037",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 3",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1de63ac4f2c398a1304a7c08ee883655",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-3",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3037.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"6151",title:"Noninvasive Ventilation in Medicine",subtitle:"Recent Updates",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"77e2fc8d909ac2458e0087490ea02a6d",slug:"noninvasive-ventilation-in-medicine-recent-updates",bookSignature:"Mayank Vats",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6151.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"148941",title:"Dr.",name:"Mayank",middleName:"Gyan",surname:"Vats",slug:"mayank-vats",fullName:"Mayank Vats"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7437",title:"Nanomedicines",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0e1f5f6258f074c533976c4f4d248568",slug:"nanomedicines",bookSignature:"Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7437.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"63182",title:"Dr.",name:"Muhammad Akhyar",middleName:null,surname:"Farrukh",slug:"muhammad-akhyar-farrukh",fullName:"Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6679",title:"Serotonin",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9c833c86546ec9d3c38fb24a1072dbd0",slug:"serotonin",bookSignature:"Ying Qu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6679.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"94028",title:"Dr.",name:"Ying",middleName:null,surname:"Qu",slug:"ying-qu",fullName:"Ying Qu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7452",title:"Microbiology of Urinary Tract Infections",subtitle:"Microbial Agents and Predisposing Factors",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"e99363f3cb1fe89c406f4934a23033d0",slug:"microbiology-of-urinary-tract-infections-microbial-agents-and-predisposing-factors",bookSignature:"Payam Behzadi",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7452.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"45803",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Payam",middleName:null,surname:"Behzadi",slug:"payam-behzadi",fullName:"Payam Behzadi"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7215",title:"Recent Developments in Photovoltaic Materials and Devices",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"2f824828c2212e79b75fa65b194c5007",slug:"recent-developments-in-photovoltaic-materials-and-devices",bookSignature:"Natarajan Prabaharan, Marc A. Rosen and Pietro Elia Campana",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7215.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"199317",title:"Dr.",name:"Natarajan",middleName:null,surname:"Prabaharan",slug:"natarajan-prabaharan",fullName:"Natarajan Prabaharan"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7485",title:"Applied Modern Control",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c7a7be73f7232e08867ed81bdf9850c6",slug:"applied-modern-control",bookSignature:"Le Anh Tuan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7485.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"180550",title:"Dr.",name:"Le",middleName:null,surname:"Anh Tuan",slug:"le-anh-tuan",fullName:"Le Anh Tuan"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7488",title:"Analytical Pyrolysis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"30a667792c3a70b53d30fb6e9e1e7b4d",slug:"analytical-pyrolysis",bookSignature:"Peter Kusch",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7488.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"254714",title:"Dr.",name:"Peter",middleName:null,surname:"Kusch",slug:"peter-kusch",fullName:"Peter Kusch"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7242",title:"Engineered Fabrics",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"757cc326df7bcca72c8c850d9f4f71d1",slug:"engineered-fabrics",bookSignature:"Mukesh Kumar Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7242.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36895",title:"Dr.",name:"Mukesh Kumar",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"mukesh-kumar-singh",fullName:"Mukesh Kumar Singh"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7245",title:"Challenging Issues on Paranasal Sinuses",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"67a331ebb2dd2b8f73228fa4daa7382f",slug:"challenging-issues-on-paranasal-sinuses",bookSignature:"Tang-Chuan Wang",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7245.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"201262",title:"Dr.",name:"Tang-Chuan",middleName:null,surname:"Wang",slug:"tang-chuan-wang",fullName:"Tang-Chuan Wang"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7519",title:"Sol-Gel Method",subtitle:"Design and Synthesis of New Materials with Interesting Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"cf094d22ebcb3083749e5f96e47f7769",slug:"sol-gel-method-design-and-synthesis-of-new-materials-with-interesting-physical-chemical-and-biological-properties",bookSignature:"Guadalupe Valverde Aguilar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7519.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"186652",title:"Dr.",name:"Guadalupe",middleName:null,surname:"Valverde Aguilar",slug:"guadalupe-valverde-aguilar",fullName:"Guadalupe Valverde Aguilar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"163",title:"Applied Mathematics",slug:"applied-mathematics",parent:{title:"Mathematics",slug:"mathematics"},numberOfBooks:21,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:509,numberOfWosCitations:169,numberOfCrossrefCitations:90,numberOfDimensionsCitations:241},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"applied-mathematics",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"6716",title:"Perturbation Methods with Applications in Science and Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"4eb95b646172fe61a2068c4a98ac13e4",slug:"perturbation-methods-with-applications-in-science-and-engineering",bookSignature:"İlkay Bakırtaş",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6716.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"186388",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"İlkay",middleName:null,surname:"Bakırtaş",slug:"ilkay-bakirtas",fullName:"İlkay Bakırtaş"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6577",title:"Optimization Algorithms",subtitle:"Examples",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d38cfd898b85237638ab1cdeba85a8c5",slug:"optimization-algorithms-examples",bookSignature:"Jan Valdman",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6577.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"177759",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Jan",middleName:null,surname:"Valdman",slug:"jan-valdman",fullName:"Jan Valdman"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6651",title:"Nonlinear Systems",subtitle:"Modeling, Estimation, and Stability",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"085cfe19a4bd48a9e8034b2e5cc17172",slug:"nonlinear-systems-modeling-estimation-and-stability",bookSignature:"Mahmut Reyhanoglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6651.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"15068",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmut",middleName:null,surname:"Reyhanoglu",slug:"mahmut-reyhanoglu",fullName:"Mahmut Reyhanoglu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6587",title:"Nature-inspired Methods for Stochastic, Robust and Dynamic Optimization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0ed45966bfc64bb7ce110191bfbec73d",slug:"nature-inspired-methods-for-stochastic-robust-and-dynamic-optimization",bookSignature:"Javier Del Ser and Eneko Osaba",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6587.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"49813",title:"Dr.",name:"Javier",middleName:null,surname:"Del Ser Lorente",slug:"javier-del-ser-lorente",fullName:"Javier Del Ser Lorente"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6363",title:"Particle Swarm Optimization with Applications",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"bd3e64f30fb874076a8a9af1f52c3caa",slug:"particle-swarm-optimization-with-applications",bookSignature:"Pakize Erdoğmuş",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6363.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"80893",title:"Dr.",name:"Pakize",middleName:null,surname:"Erdogmus",slug:"pakize-erdogmus",fullName:"Pakize Erdogmus"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6444",title:"New Insights into Bayesian Inference",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8a6c48ec7bdf923a126816fdbbb24274",slug:"new-insights-into-bayesian-inference",bookSignature:"Mohammad Saber Fallah Nezhad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6444.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"150393",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad Saber Fallah",middleName:null,surname:"Nezhad",slug:"mohammad-saber-fallah-nezhad",fullName:"Mohammad Saber Fallah Nezhad"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6216",title:"Complexity in Biological and Physical Systems",subtitle:"Bifurcations, Solitons and Fractals",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c511a26efc1b9c0638c8f9244240cb93",slug:"complexity-in-biological-and-physical-systems-bifurcations-solitons-and-fractals",bookSignature:"Ricardo López-Ruiz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6216.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"9849",title:"Prof.",name:"Ricardo",middleName:null,surname:"Lopez-Ruiz",slug:"ricardo-lopez-ruiz",fullName:"Ricardo Lopez-Ruiz"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6129",title:"Kalman Filters",subtitle:"Theory for Advanced Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"7341ee991eeb22a10a8b14bcd53a24b6",slug:"kalman-filters-theory-for-advanced-applications",bookSignature:"Ginalber Luiz de Oliveira Serra",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6129.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"11032",title:"Dr.",name:"Ginalber Luiz",middleName:"De Oliveira",surname:"Serra",slug:"ginalber-luiz-serra",fullName:"Ginalber Luiz Serra"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6128",title:"Resonance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"da5cccb1323ad52317e2001caf4e92f9",slug:"resonance",bookSignature:"Jan Awrejcewicz",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6128.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"68338",title:"Prof.",name:"Jan",middleName:null,surname:"Awrejcewicz",slug:"jan-awrejcewicz",fullName:"Jan Awrejcewicz"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5804",title:"Fractal Analysis",subtitle:"Applications in Physics, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a3d42b4b44ba9d7d72f0e91442da7b4b",slug:"fractal-analysis-applications-in-physics-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Fernando Brambila",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5804.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"60921",title:"Dr.",name:"Fernando",middleName:null,surname:"Brambila",slug:"fernando-brambila",fullName:"Fernando Brambila"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5513",title:"Dynamical Systems",subtitle:"Analytical and Computational Techniques",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"9ba4129f30ef1b92fd4b7ae193781183",slug:"dynamical-systems-analytical-and-computational-techniques",bookSignature:"Mahmut Reyhanoglu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5513.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"15068",title:"Dr.",name:"Mahmut",middleName:null,surname:"Reyhanoglu",slug:"mahmut-reyhanoglu",fullName:"Mahmut Reyhanoglu"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5411",title:"Fourier Transforms",subtitle:"High-tech Application and Current Trends",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5c45d1a91daef66093a42a82448a70f0",slug:"fourier-transforms-high-tech-application-and-current-trends",bookSignature:"Goran S. Nikolic, Milorad D. Cakic and Dragan J. Cvetkovic",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5411.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"23261",title:"Prof.",name:"Goran",middleName:"S.",surname:"Nikolic",slug:"goran-nikolic",fullName:"Goran Nikolic"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:21,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"15157",doi:"10.5772/15959",title:"Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry for the Molecular Level Characterization of Natural Organic Matter: Instrument Capabilities, Applications, and Limitations",slug:"fourier-transform-mass-spectrometry-for-the-molecular-level-characterization-of-natural-organic-matt",totalDownloads:3225,totalCrossrefCites:4,totalDimensionsCites:22,book:{slug:"fourier-transforms-approach-to-scientific-principles",title:"Fourier Transforms",fullTitle:"Fourier Transforms - Approach to Scientific Principles"},signatures:"Rachel L. Sleighter and Patrick G. Hatcher",authors:[{id:"22676",title:"Dr.",name:"Rachel L.",middleName:null,surname:"Sleighter",slug:"rachel-l.-sleighter",fullName:"Rachel L. Sleighter"},{id:"23168",title:"Dr.",name:"Patrick G.",middleName:null,surname:"Hatcher",slug:"patrick-g.-hatcher",fullName:"Patrick G. Hatcher"}]},{id:"14634",doi:"10.5772/15998",title:"The Application of FT-IR Spectroscopy in Waste Management",slug:"the-application-of-ft-ir-spectroscopy-in-waste-management",totalDownloads:5421,totalCrossrefCites:5,totalDimensionsCites:20,book:{slug:"fourier-transforms-new-analytical-approaches-and-ftir-strategies",title:"Fourier Transforms",fullTitle:"Fourier Transforms - New Analytical Approaches and FTIR Strategies"},signatures:"Ena Smidt, Katharina Böhm and Manfred Schwanninger",authors:[{id:"20376",title:"Dr.",name:"Katharina",middleName:null,surname:"Böhm",slug:"katharina-bohm",fullName:"Katharina Böhm"},{id:"22840",title:"Dr.",name:"Ena",middleName:null,surname:"Smidt",slug:"ena-smidt",fullName:"Ena Smidt"},{id:"22915",title:"Dr.",name:"Manfred",middleName:null,surname:"Schwanninger",slug:"manfred-schwanninger",fullName:"Manfred Schwanninger"}]},{id:"40430",doi:"10.5772/50403",title:"Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Investigations on the Coanda Effect",slug:"mathematical-modelling-and-numerical-investigations-on-the-coanda-effect",totalDownloads:3756,totalCrossrefCites:10,totalDimensionsCites:17,book:{slug:"nonlinearity-bifurcation-and-chaos-theory-and-applications",title:"Nonlinearity, Bifurcation and Chaos",fullTitle:"Nonlinearity, Bifurcation and Chaos - Theory and Applications"},signatures:"A. Dumitrache, F. Frunzulica and T.C. Ionescu",authors:[{id:"151443",title:"Dr.",name:"Dumitrache",middleName:null,surname:"Alexandru",slug:"dumitrache-alexandru",fullName:"Dumitrache Alexandru"},{id:"151449",title:"Dr.",name:"Frunzulica",middleName:null,surname:"Florin",slug:"frunzulica-florin",fullName:"Frunzulica Florin"},{id:"151451",title:"Dr.",name:"Ionescu",middleName:null,surname:"Tudor",slug:"ionescu-tudor",fullName:"Ionescu Tudor"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"54366",title:"Solution of Differential Equations with Applications to Engineering Problems",slug:"solution-of-differential-equations-with-applications-to-engineering-problems",totalDownloads:1892,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"dynamical-systems-analytical-and-computational-techniques",title:"Dynamical Systems",fullTitle:"Dynamical Systems - Analytical and Computational Techniques"},signatures:"Cheng Yung Ming",authors:[{id:"191017",title:"Dr.",name:"Cheng",middleName:null,surname:"Y.M.",slug:"cheng-y.m.",fullName:"Cheng Y.M."}]},{id:"53524",title:"Fourier Analysis for Harmonic Signals in Electrical Power Systems",slug:"fourier-analysis-for-harmonic-signals-in-electrical-power-systems",totalDownloads:1240,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"fourier-transforms-high-tech-application-and-current-trends",title:"Fourier Transforms",fullTitle:"Fourier Transforms - High-tech Application and Current Trends"},signatures:"Emmanuel Hernández Mayoral, Miguel Angel Hernández López,\nEdwin Román Hernández, Hugo Jorge Cortina Marrero, José\nRafael Dorrego Portela and Victor Ivan Moreno Oliva",authors:[{id:"187793",title:"Dr.",name:"Emmanuel",middleName:null,surname:"Hernández",slug:"emmanuel-hernandez",fullName:"Emmanuel Hernández"},{id:"202757",title:"Dr.",name:"Miguel Angel",middleName:null,surname:"Hernández López",slug:"miguel-angel-hernandez-lopez",fullName:"Miguel Angel Hernández López"},{id:"202758",title:"Dr.",name:"Hugo Jorge",middleName:null,surname:"Cortina Marrero",slug:"hugo-jorge-cortina-marrero",fullName:"Hugo Jorge Cortina Marrero"},{id:"202759",title:"Dr.",name:"Edwin Román",middleName:null,surname:"Hernández",slug:"edwin-roman-hernandez",fullName:"Edwin Román Hernández"},{id:"202760",title:"Dr.",name:"Victor Iván Moreno",middleName:null,surname:"Oliva",slug:"victor-ivan-moreno-oliva",fullName:"Victor Iván Moreno Oliva"},{id:"202761",title:"Dr.",name:"José Rafael Dorrego",middleName:null,surname:"Portela",slug:"jose-rafael-dorrego-portela",fullName:"José Rafael Dorrego Portela"}]},{id:"57977",title:"Unscented Kalman Filter for State and Parameter Estimation in Vehicle Dynamics",slug:"unscented-kalman-filter-for-state-and-parameter-estimation-in-vehicle-dynamics",totalDownloads:403,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"kalman-filters-theory-for-advanced-applications",title:"Kalman Filters",fullTitle:"Kalman Filters - Theory for Advanced Applications"},signatures:"Mark Wielitzka, Alexander Busch, Matthias Dagen and Tobias\nOrtmaier",authors:[{id:"122290",title:"Dr.",name:"Tobias",middleName:null,surname:"Ortmaier",slug:"tobias-ortmaier",fullName:"Tobias Ortmaier"},{id:"201140",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Mark",middleName:null,surname:"Wielitzka",slug:"mark-wielitzka",fullName:"Mark Wielitzka"},{id:"202801",title:"M.Sc.",name:"Matthias",middleName:null,surname:"Dagen",slug:"matthias-dagen",fullName:"Matthias Dagen"},{id:"222868",title:"MSc.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Busch",slug:"alexander-busch",fullName:"Alexander Busch"}]},{id:"57673",title:"Kalman Filter for Moving Object Tracking: Performance Analysis and Filter Design",slug:"kalman-filter-for-moving-object-tracking-performance-analysis-and-filter-design",totalDownloads:335,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"kalman-filters-theory-for-advanced-applications",title:"Kalman Filters",fullTitle:"Kalman Filters - Theory for Advanced Applications"},signatures:"Kenshi Saho",authors:[{id:"209334",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Kenshi",middleName:null,surname:"Saho",slug:"kenshi-saho",fullName:"Kenshi Saho"}]},{id:"53640",title:"Application of Fourier Series Expansion to Electrical Power Conversion",slug:"application-of-fourier-series-expansion-to-electrical-power-conversion",totalDownloads:1154,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"fourier-transforms-high-tech-application-and-current-trends",title:"Fourier Transforms",fullTitle:"Fourier Transforms - High-tech Application and Current Trends"},signatures:"Irina Dolguntseva",authors:[{id:"188384",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Irina",middleName:null,surname:"Dolguntseva",slug:"irina-dolguntseva",fullName:"Irina Dolguntseva"}]},{id:"54899",title:"Fractals in Antennas and Metamaterials Applications",slug:"fractals-in-antennas-and-metamaterials-applications",totalDownloads:826,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"fractal-analysis-applications-in-physics-engineering-and-technology",title:"Fractal Analysis",fullTitle:"Fractal Analysis - Applications in Physics, Engineering and Technology"},signatures:"Wojciech Jan Krzysztofik",authors:[{id:"198646",title:"Prof.",name:"Wojciech",middleName:"Jan",surname:"Krzysztofik",slug:"wojciech-krzysztofik",fullName:"Wojciech Krzysztofik"}]},{id:"60097",title:"Robust Optimization: Concepts and Applications",slug:"robust-optimization-concepts-and-applications",totalDownloads:193,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"nature-inspired-methods-for-stochastic-robust-and-dynamic-optimization",title:"Nature-inspired Methods for Stochastic, Robust and Dynamic Optimization",fullTitle:"Nature-inspired Methods for Stochastic, Robust and Dynamic Optimization"},signatures:"José García and Alvaro Peña",authors:[{id:"227809",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Jose",middleName:null,surname:"Garcia",slug:"jose-garcia",fullName:"Jose Garcia"},{id:"240407",title:"Dr.",name:"Alvaro",middleName:null,surname:"Peña",slug:"alvaro-pena",fullName:"Alvaro Peña"}]},{id:"55238",title:"On the Indicatrixes of Waves Scattering from the Random Fractal Anisotropic Surface",slug:"on-the-indicatrixes-of-waves-scattering-from-the-random-fractal-anisotropic-surface",totalDownloads:515,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"fractal-analysis-applications-in-physics-engineering-and-technology",title:"Fractal Analysis",fullTitle:"Fractal Analysis - Applications in Physics, Engineering and Technology"},signatures:"Alexander A. Potapov",authors:[{id:"197044",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Potapov",slug:"alexander-potapov",fullName:"Alexander Potapov"}]},{id:"50679",title:"Optimization Algorithms in Project Scheduling",slug:"optimization-algorithms-in-project-scheduling",totalDownloads:1366,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"optimization-algorithms-methods-and-applications",title:"Optimization Algorithms",fullTitle:"Optimization Algorithms - Methods and Applications"},signatures:"Amer M. Fahmy",authors:[{id:"180236",title:"Dr.",name:"Amer",middleName:"M.",surname:"Fahmy",slug:"amer-fahmy",fullName:"Amer Fahmy"}]},{id:"55048",title:"Application of Fractal Dimension in Industry Practice",slug:"application-of-fractal-dimension-in-industry-practice",totalDownloads:670,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"fractal-analysis-applications-in-physics-engineering-and-technology",title:"Fractal Analysis",fullTitle:"Fractal Analysis - Applications in Physics, Engineering and Technology"},signatures:"Vlastimil Hotař",authors:[{id:"199387",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Vlastimil",middleName:null,surname:"Hotař",slug:"vlastimil-hotar",fullName:"Vlastimil Hotař"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"applied-mathematics",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},privacyPolicy:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[],offset:0,limit:8,total:null},humansInSpaceProgram:{},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/books/geodetic-sciences-observations-modeling-and-applications/earth-rotation-basic-theory-and-features",hash:"",query:{},params:{book:"geodetic-sciences-observations-modeling-and-applications",chapter:"earth-rotation-basic-theory-and-features"},fullPath:"/books/geodetic-sciences-observations-modeling-and-applications/earth-rotation-basic-theory-and-features",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()