Parameters, description, values and sources for the model of
\r\n\t
",isbn:"978-1-83969-648-0",printIsbn:"978-1-83969-647-3",pdfIsbn:"978-1-83969-649-7",doi:null,price:0,priceEur:0,priceUsd:0,slug:null,numberOfPages:0,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"b05fa99bbd2c8e02d48dc740c0efbf9c",bookSignature:"Dr. Amjad Zaki Almusaed",publishedDate:null,coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10986.jpg",keywords:"Environmental Housing, Ecological Housing, Climate Change and Housing, Low Energy Housing Design, Recycling Materials, Human Sheltering, Human Mobility, Accessibility and Housing Units, Economic Theory and Housing, Land Administration in Habitat Zone, Decentralization in Housing Area, Private Housing",numberOfDownloads:null,numberOfWosCitations:0,numberOfCrossrefCitations:null,numberOfDimensionsCitations:null,numberOfTotalCitations:null,isAvailableForWebshopOrdering:!0,dateEndFirstStepPublish:"March 5th 2021",dateEndSecondStepPublish:"April 2nd 2021",dateEndThirdStepPublish:"June 1st 2021",dateEndFourthStepPublish:"August 20th 2021",dateEndFifthStepPublish:"October 19th 2021",remainingDaysToSecondStep:"10 days",secondStepPassed:!0,currentStepOfPublishingProcess:3,editedByType:null,kuFlag:!1,biosketch:"Dr. Almusaed is focused on sustainability in architecture and urban planning and design. He has carried out a great deal of research and technical survey work as well as several studies in the aforementioned areas with over 170 published international academic works in different languages.",coeditorOneBiosketch:null,coeditorTwoBiosketch:null,coeditorThreeBiosketch:null,coeditorFourBiosketch:null,coeditorFiveBiosketch:null,editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",middleName:"Zaki",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/110471/images/system/110471.png",biography:"Amjad Almusaed was born in 1967. He holds a PhD degree in Architecture (Environmental Design) from Ion Mincu University, Bucharest, Romania. He completed postdoctoral research in 2004 on sustainable and bioclimatic houses, from the School of Architecture in Aarhus, Denmark. His research expertise is sustainability in architecture and urban planning and design. He has carried out a great deal of research and technical survey work, and has performed several studies in the above-mentioned areas. He has edited many international books and is an active member of many worldwide architectural associations. He has published more than 170 international academic works (papers, research, books, and book chapters) in different languages.",institutionString:"Jönköping University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"8",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"9",institution:{name:"Jönköping University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Sweden"}}}],coeditorOne:null,coeditorTwo:null,coeditorThree:null,coeditorFour:null,coeditorFive:null,topics:[{id:"11",title:"Engineering",slug:"engineering"}],chapters:null,productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},personalPublishingAssistant:{id:"259492",firstName:"Sara",lastName:"Gojević-Zrnić",middleName:null,title:"Mrs.",imageUrl:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/259492/images/7469_n.png",email:"sara.p@intechopen.com",biography:"As an Author Service Manager my responsibilities include monitoring and facilitating all publishing activities for authors and editors. From chapter submission and review, to approval and revision, copyediting and design, until final publication, I work closely with authors and editors to ensure a simple and easy publishing process. I maintain constant and effective communication with authors, editors and reviewers, which allows for a level of personal support that enables contributors to fully commit and concentrate on the chapters they are writing, editing, or reviewing. I assist authors in the preparation of their full chapter submissions and track important deadlines and ensure they are met. I help to coordinate internal processes such as linguistic review, and monitor the technical aspects of the process. As an ASM I am also involved in the acquisition of editors. Whether that be identifying an exceptional author and proposing an editorship collaboration, or contacting researchers who would like the opportunity to work with IntechOpen, I establish and help manage author and editor acquisition and contact."}},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"5289",title:"Landscape Ecology",subtitle:"The Influences of Land Use and Anthropogenic Impacts of Landscape Creation",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"354db0cb765007d8e48728a1356f2b75",slug:"landscape-ecology-the-influences-of-land-use-and-anthropogenic-impacts-of-landscape-creation",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5289.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5124",title:"Insulation Materials in Context of Sustainability",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ca203e467e6f6fc2ece46fab2da10bbc",slug:"insulation-materials-in-context-of-sustainability",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5124.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6066",title:"Landscape Architecture",subtitle:"The Sense of Places, Models and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fd4ff3f5b34fb2ee8089dc8da74a843a",slug:"landscape-architecture-the-sense-of-places-models-and-applications",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6066.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7205",title:"Housing",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"efb431be41bf8bf41facd7b4a183225e",slug:"housing",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7205.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6378",title:"Sustainable Buildings",subtitle:"Interaction Between a Holistic Conceptual Act and Materials Properties",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"1bc977aee58593c6aeecb1941cae1a0e",slug:"sustainable-buildings-interaction-between-a-holistic-conceptual-act-and-materials-properties",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6378.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2005",title:"Effective Thermal Insulation",subtitle:"The Operative Factor of a Passive Building Model",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c7c6c5a9dfad00a32efaa72b9f163e71",slug:"effective-thermal-insulation-the-operative-factor-of-a-passive-building-model",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2005.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"5889",title:"Grasses",subtitle:"Benefits, Diversities and Functional Roles",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"605047fa783d21860951085f83b84f47",slug:"grasses-benefits-diversities-and-functional-roles",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed and Sammera Mohamed Salih Al-Samaraee",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/5889.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"6882",title:"Sustainable Cities",subtitle:"Authenticity, Ambition and Dream",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"ba808740ddb346ea58d759f6570c8c6d",slug:"sustainable-cities-authenticity-ambition-and-dream",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed and Asaad Almssad",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/6882.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"7831",title:"Sustainability in Urban Planning and Design",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c924420492c8c2c9751e178d025f4066",slug:"sustainability-in-urban-planning-and-design",bookSignature:"Amjad Almusaed, Asaad Almssad and Linh Truong - Hong",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7831.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"110471",title:"Dr.",name:"Amjad",surname:"Almusaed",slug:"amjad-almusaed",fullName:"Amjad Almusaed"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"1591",title:"Infrared Spectroscopy",subtitle:"Materials Science, Engineering and Technology",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"99b4b7b71a8caeb693ed762b40b017f4",slug:"infrared-spectroscopy-materials-science-engineering-and-technology",bookSignature:"Theophile Theophanides",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/1591.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"37194",title:"Dr.",name:"Theophanides",surname:"Theophile",slug:"theophanides-theophile",fullName:"Theophanides Theophile"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},chapter:{item:{type:"chapter",id:"22258",title:"Periodically Forced Natural Convection Through the Roof of an Attic-Shaped Building",doi:"10.5772/20296",slug:"periodically-forced-natural-convection-through-the-roof-of-an-attic-shaped-building",body:null,keywords:null,chapterPDFUrl:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/22258.pdf",chapterXML:null,downloadPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-download/22258",previewPdfUrl:"/chapter/pdf-preview/22258",totalDownloads:2491,totalViews:87,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,hasAltmetrics:0,dateSubmitted:"November 8th 2010",dateReviewed:"April 18th 2011",datePrePublished:null,datePublished:"October 21st 2011",dateFinished:null,readingETA:"0",abstract:null,reviewType:"peer-reviewed",bibtexUrl:"/chapter/bibtex/22258",risUrl:"/chapter/ris/22258",book:{slug:"convection-and-conduction-heat-transfer"},signatures:"Suvash Chandra Saha",authors:[{id:"38302",title:"Dr.",name:"Suvash",middleName:"Chandra",surname:"Saha",fullName:"Suvash Saha",slug:"suvash-saha",email:"s_c_saha@yahoo.com",position:null,institution:{name:"Queensland University of Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Australia"}}}],sections:null,chapterReferences:null,footnotes:null,contributors:null,corrections:null},book:{id:"530",title:"Convection and Conduction Heat Transfer",subtitle:null,fullTitle:"Convection and Conduction Heat Transfer",slug:"convection-and-conduction-heat-transfer",publishedDate:"October 21st 2011",bookSignature:"Amimul Ahsan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/530.jpg",licenceType:"CC BY 3.0",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36782",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Amimul",middleName:null,surname:"Ahsan",slug:"amimul-ahsan",fullName:"Amimul Ahsan"}],productType:{id:"1",title:"Edited Volume",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"22257",title:"A Mixed Convection Study in Inclined Channels with Discrete Heat Sources",slug:"a-mixed-convection-study-in-inclined-channels-with-discrete-heat-sources",totalDownloads:2747,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Paulo M. Guimarães and Genésio J. Menon",authors:[{id:"36842",title:"Prof.",name:"Paulo",middleName:"Mohallem",surname:"Guimarães",fullName:"Paulo Guimarães",slug:"paulo-guimaraes"},{id:"57210",title:"Mr.",name:"Genésio",middleName:null,surname:"Menon",fullName:"Genésio Menon",slug:"genesio-menon"}]},{id:"22258",title:"Periodically Forced Natural Convection Through the Roof of an Attic-Shaped Building",slug:"periodically-forced-natural-convection-through-the-roof-of-an-attic-shaped-building",totalDownloads:2491,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Suvash Chandra Saha",authors:[{id:"38302",title:"Dr.",name:"Suvash",middleName:"Chandra",surname:"Saha",fullName:"Suvash Saha",slug:"suvash-saha"}]},{id:"22259",title:"Analysis of Mixed Convection in a Lid Driven Trapezoidal Cavity",slug:"analysis-of-mixed-convection-in-a-lid-driven-trapezoidal-cavity",totalDownloads:3637,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"M. A. H. Mamun, T. R. Tanim, M. M. Rahman, R. Saidur and Shuichi Nagata",authors:[{id:"41789",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammad",middleName:"Arif HAsan",surname:"Mamun",fullName:"Mohammad Mamun",slug:"mohammad-mamun"},{id:"57658",title:"Dr.",name:"Mustafizur",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",fullName:"Mustafizur Rahman",slug:"mustafizur-rahman"},{id:"57659",title:"Dr.",name:"Saidur",middleName:null,surname:"Rahman",fullName:"Saidur Rahman",slug:"saidur-rahman"},{id:"57663",title:"Mr",name:"Tanvir",middleName:null,surname:"Tanim",fullName:"Tanvir Tanim",slug:"tanvir-tanim"},{id:"57664",title:"Dr.",name:"Shuichi",middleName:null,surname:"Nagata",fullName:"Shuichi Nagata",slug:"shuichi-nagata"}]},{id:"22248",title:"Convective Heat Transfer of Unsteady Pulsed Flow in Sinusoidal Constricted Tube",slug:"convective-heat-transfer-of-unsteady-pulsed-flow-in-sinusoidal-constricted-tube",totalDownloads:1902,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"J. Batina, S. Blancher, C. Amrouche, M. Batchi and R. Creff",authors:[{id:"49366",title:"Dr.",name:"Jean",middleName:null,surname:"Batina",fullName:"Jean Batina",slug:"jean-batina"},{id:"137725",title:"Prof.",name:"Serge",middleName:null,surname:"Blancher",fullName:"Serge Blancher",slug:"serge-blancher"},{id:"137726",title:"Prof.",name:"Cherif",middleName:null,surname:"Amrouche",fullName:"Cherif Amrouche",slug:"cherif-amrouche"},{id:"137727",title:"Prof.",name:"M",middleName:null,surname:"Batchi",fullName:"M Batchi",slug:"m-batchi"},{id:"137728",title:"Prof.",name:"René",middleName:null,surname:"Creff",fullName:"René Creff",slug:"rene-creff"}]},{id:"22249",title:"Numerical Solution of Natural Convection Problems by a Meshless Method",slug:"numerical-solution-of-natural-convection-problems-by-a-meshless-method",totalDownloads:4885,totalCrossrefCites:3,signatures:"Gregor Kosec and Božidar Šarler",authors:[{id:"53866",title:"Dr.",name:"Gregor",middleName:null,surname:"Kosec",fullName:"Gregor Kosec",slug:"gregor-kosec"},{id:"54781",title:"Prof.",name:"Božidar",middleName:null,surname:"Šarler",fullName:"Božidar Šarler",slug:"bozidar-sarler"}]},{id:"22250",title:"Hydromagnetic Flow with Thermal Radiation",slug:"hydromagnetic-flow-with-thermal-radiation",totalDownloads:2417,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Cho Young Han and Se-Myong Chang",authors:[{id:"44661",title:"Dr.",name:"Cho Young",middleName:null,surname:"Han",fullName:"Cho Young Han",slug:"cho-young-han"},{id:"44700",title:"Prof.",name:"Se-Myong",middleName:null,surname:"Chang",fullName:"Se-Myong Chang",slug:"se-myong-chang"}]},{id:"22251",title:"Transient Heat Conduction in Capillary Porous Bodies",slug:"transient-heat-conduction-in-capillary-porous-bodies",totalDownloads:1821,totalCrossrefCites:8,signatures:"Nencho Deliiski",authors:[{id:"43040",title:"Prof.",name:"Nencho",middleName:"Stanev",surname:"Deliiski",fullName:"Nencho Deliiski",slug:"nencho-deliiski"}]},{id:"22252",title:"Non-Linear Radiative-Conductive Heat Transfer in a Heterogeneous Gray Plane-Parallel Participating Medium",slug:"non-linear-radiative-conductive-heat-transfer-in-a-heterogeneous-gray-plane-parallel-participating-m",totalDownloads:2196,totalCrossrefCites:4,signatures:"Marco T.M.B. de Vilhena, Bardo E.J. Bodmann and Cynthia F. Segatto",authors:[{id:"10869",title:"Prof.",name:"Marco Tullio",middleName:null,surname:"Vilhena",fullName:"Marco Tullio Vilhena",slug:"marco-tullio-vilhena"},{id:"49001",title:"Prof.",name:"Bardo",middleName:null,surname:"Bodmann",fullName:"Bardo Bodmann",slug:"bardo-bodmann"},{id:"49009",title:"Prof.",name:"Cynthia",middleName:"Feijo",surname:"Segatto",fullName:"Cynthia Segatto",slug:"cynthia-segatto"}]},{id:"22253",title:"Optimization of the Effective Thermal Conductivity of a Composite",slug:"optimization-of-the-effective-thermal-conductivity-of-a-composite",totalDownloads:3608,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Hubert Jopek and Tomasz Strek",authors:[{id:"10141",title:"Dr.",name:"Tomasz",middleName:null,surname:"Strek",fullName:"Tomasz Strek",slug:"tomasz-strek"},{id:"57982",title:"Dr.",name:"Hubert",middleName:null,surname:"Jopek",fullName:"Hubert Jopek",slug:"hubert-jopek"}]},{id:"22254",title:"Computation of Thermal Conductivity of Gas Diffusion Layers of PEM Fuel Cells",slug:"computation-of-thermal-conductivity-of-gas-diffusion-layers-of-pem-fuel-cells",totalDownloads:3079,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Andreas Pfrang, Damien Veyret and Georgios Tsotridis",authors:[{id:"53039",title:"Dr.",name:"Andreas",middleName:null,surname:"Pfrang",fullName:"Andreas Pfrang",slug:"andreas-pfrang"},{id:"53053",title:"Dr.",name:"Damien",middleName:null,surname:"Veyret",fullName:"Damien Veyret",slug:"damien-veyret"},{id:"53054",title:"Dr.",name:"Georgios",middleName:null,surname:"Tsotridis",fullName:"Georgios Tsotridis",slug:"georgios-tsotridis"}]},{id:"22255",title:"Analytical Methods for Estimating Thermal Conductivity of Multi-Component Natural Systems in Permafrost Areas",slug:"analytical-methods-for-estimating-thermal-conductivity-of-multi-component-natural-systems-in-permafr",totalDownloads:2288,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Rev I. Gavriliev",authors:[{id:"48694",title:"Dr.",name:"Rev",middleName:null,surname:"Gavriliev",fullName:"Rev Gavriliev",slug:"rev-gavriliev"}]},{id:"22256",title:"Heating in Biothermal Systems",slug:"heating-in-biothermal-systems",totalDownloads:2555,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Huang-Wen Huang and Chihng-Tsung Liauh",authors:[{id:"35387",title:"Prof.",name:"Huang-Wen",middleName:null,surname:"Huang",fullName:"Huang-Wen Huang",slug:"huang-wen-huang"},{id:"53685",title:"Prof.",name:"Chihng-Tsung",middleName:null,surname:"Liauh",fullName:"Chihng-Tsung Liauh",slug:"chihng-tsung-liauh"}]},{id:"22260",title:"A Generalised RBF Finite Difference Approach to Solve Nonlinear Heat Conduction Problems on Unstructured Datasets",slug:"a-generalised-rbf-finite-difference-approach-to-solve-nonlinear-heat-conduction-problems-on-unstruct",totalDownloads:2724,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"D. Stevens, A. LaRocca, H. Power and V. LaRocca",authors:[{id:"41533",title:"Prof.",name:"Henry",middleName:null,surname:"Power",fullName:"Henry Power",slug:"henry-power"},{id:"55058",title:"Dr.",name:"David",middleName:null,surname:"Stevens",fullName:"David Stevens",slug:"david-stevens"}]},{id:"22261",title:"Heat Transfer Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars",slug:"heat-transfer-analysis-of-reinforced-concrete-beams-reinforced-with-gfrp-bars",totalDownloads:5765,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Rami A. Hawileh",authors:[{id:"46905",title:"Dr.",name:"Rami",middleName:null,surname:"Hawileh",fullName:"Rami Hawileh",slug:"rami-hawileh"}]},{id:"22262",title:"Modelling of Heat Transfer and Phase Transformations in the Rapid Manufacturing of Titanium Components",slug:"modelling-of-heat-transfer-and-phase-transformations-in-the-rapid-manufacturing-of-titanium-componen",totalDownloads:2789,totalCrossrefCites:5,signatures:"António Crespo",authors:[{id:"36414",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Crespo",fullName:"Antonio Crespo",slug:"antonio-crespo"}]},{id:"22263",title:"Measurement of Boundary Conditions - Surface Heat Flux and Surface Temperature",slug:"measurement-of-boundary-conditions-surface-heat-flux-and-surface-temperature",totalDownloads:2738,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Wei Liu",authors:[{id:"35376",title:"Dr.",name:"Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Liu",fullName:"Wei Liu",slug:"wei-liu"}]},{id:"22264",title:"Properties and Numerical Modeling-Simulation of Phase Changes Material",slug:"properties-and-numerical-modeling-simulation-of-phase-changes-material",totalDownloads:3902,totalCrossrefCites:1,signatures:"Pavel Fiala, Ivo Behunek and Petr Drexler",authors:[{id:"37776",title:"Dr.",name:"Pavel",middleName:null,surname:"Fiala",fullName:"Pavel Fiala",slug:"pavel-fiala"},{id:"40879",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivo",middleName:null,surname:"Behunek",fullName:"Ivo Behunek",slug:"ivo-behunek"},{id:"40880",title:"Dr.",name:"Petr",middleName:null,surname:"Drexler",fullName:"Petr Drexler",slug:"petr-drexler"}]},{id:"22265",title:"Finite Element Methods to Optimize by Factorial Design the Solidification of Cu-5wt%Zn Alloy in a Sand Mold",slug:"finite-element-methods-to-optimize-by-factorial-design-the-solidification-of-cu-5wt-zn-alloy-in-a-sa",totalDownloads:2235,totalCrossrefCites:0,signatures:"Moisés Meza Pariona and Viviane Teleginski",authors:[{id:"38666",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Moises",middleName:"Meza",surname:"Pariona",fullName:"Moises Pariona",slug:"moises-pariona"},{id:"94046",title:"MSc.",name:"Viviane",middleName:null,surname:"Teleginski",fullName:"Viviane Teleginski",slug:"viviane-teleginski"}]}]},relatedBooks:[{type:"book",id:"532",title:"Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"331fe87b8edf0e8adf7e6086e4eea81c",slug:"two-phase-flow-phase-change-and-numerical-modeling",bookSignature:"Amimul Ahsan",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/532.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"36782",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Amimul",surname:"Ahsan",slug:"amimul-ahsan",fullName:"Amimul Ahsan"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"},chapters:[{id:"20810",title:"Modeling the Physical Phenomena Involved by Laser Beam – Substance Interaction",slug:"modeling-the-physical-phenomena-involved-by-laser-beam-substance-interaction",signatures:"Marian Pearsica, Stefan Nedelcu, Cristian-George Constantinescu, Constantin Strimbu, Marius Benta and Catalin Mihai",authors:[{id:"30024",title:"Mr",name:"Catalin",middleName:null,surname:"Mihai",fullName:"Catalin Mihai",slug:"catalin-mihai"},{id:"43300",title:"Prof.",name:"Marian",middleName:null,surname:"Pearsica",fullName:"Marian Pearsica",slug:"marian-pearsica"},{id:"53178",title:"Mr.",name:"Stefan",middleName:null,surname:"Nedelcu",fullName:"Stefan Nedelcu",slug:"stefan-nedelcu"},{id:"53179",title:"Mr.",name:"Cristian-George",middleName:null,surname:"Constantinescu",fullName:"Cristian-George Constantinescu",slug:"cristian-george-constantinescu"},{id:"53180",title:"Prof.",name:"Constantin",middleName:null,surname:"Strimbu",fullName:"Constantin Strimbu",slug:"constantin-strimbu"},{id:"53181",title:"Mr.",name:"Marius",middleName:null,surname:"Benta",fullName:"Marius Benta",slug:"marius-benta"}]},{id:"20811",title:"Numerical Modeling and Experimentation on Evaporator Coils for Refrigeration in Dry and Frosting Operational Conditions",slug:"numerical-modeling-and-experimentation-on-evaporator-coils-for-refrigeration-in-dry-and-frosting-ope",signatures:"Zine Aidoun, Mohamed Ouzzane and Adlane Bendaoud",authors:[{id:"35103",title:"Dr",name:"Zine",middleName:null,surname:"Aidoun",fullName:"Zine Aidoun",slug:"zine-aidoun"},{id:"53398",title:"Dr.",name:"Adlane Larbi",middleName:"Larbi",surname:"Bendaoud",fullName:"Adlane Larbi Bendaoud",slug:"adlane-larbi-bendaoud"},{id:"53399",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"Ouzzane",fullName:"Mohamed Ouzzane",slug:"mohamed-ouzzane"}]},{id:"20812",title:"Modeling and Simulation of the Heat Transfer Behaviour of a Shell-and-Tube Condenser for a Moderately High-Temperature Heat Pump",slug:"modeling-and-simulation-of-the-heat-transfer-behaviour-of-a-shell-and-tube-condenser-for-a-moderatel",signatures:"Tzong-Shing Lee and Jhen-Wei Mai",authors:[{id:"35518",title:"Prof.",name:"Tzong-Shing",middleName:null,surname:"Lee",fullName:"Tzong-Shing Lee",slug:"tzong-shing-lee"},{id:"136621",title:"Dr.",name:"Jhen-Wei",middleName:null,surname:"Mai",fullName:"Jhen-Wei Mai",slug:"jhen-wei-mai"}]},{id:"20813",title:"Simulation of Rarefied Gas Between Coaxial Circular Cylinders by DSMC Method",slug:"simulation-of-rarefied-gas-between-coaxial-circular-cylinders-by-dsmc-method",signatures:"H. Ghezel Sofloo",authors:[{id:"35689",title:"MSc",name:"Hadi",middleName:null,surname:"Ghezel Sofloo",fullName:"Hadi Ghezel Sofloo",slug:"hadi-ghezel-sofloo"}]},{id:"20814",title:"Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Flows and Heat Transfer Within Flat Mini Heat Pipe Including Grooved Capillary Structures",slug:"theoretical-and-experimental-analysis-of-flows-and-heat-transfer-within-flat-mini-heat-pipe-includin",signatures:"Zaghdoudi Mohamed Chaker, Maalej Samah and Mansouri Jed",authors:[{id:"35256",title:"Prof.",name:"Mohamed Chaker",middleName:null,surname:"Zaghdoudi",fullName:"Mohamed Chaker Zaghdoudi",slug:"mohamed-chaker-zaghdoudi"},{id:"53843",title:"Prof.",name:"Samah",middleName:null,surname:"Maalej",fullName:"Samah Maalej",slug:"samah-maalej"},{id:"53844",title:"Prof.",name:"Jed",middleName:null,surname:"Mansouri",fullName:"Jed Mansouri",slug:"jed-mansouri"}]},{id:"20815",title:"Modeling Solidification Phenomena in the Continuous Casting of Carbon Steels",slug:"modeling-solidification-phenomena-in-the-continuous-casting-of-carbon-steels",signatures:"Panagiotis Sismanis",authors:[{id:"35901",title:"Dr.",name:"Panagiotis",middleName:null,surname:"Sismanis",fullName:"Panagiotis Sismanis",slug:"panagiotis-sismanis"}]},{id:"20816",title:"Modelling of Profile Evolution by Transport Transitions in Fusion Plasmas",slug:"modelling-of-profile-evolution-by-transport-transitions-in-fusion-plasmas",signatures:"Mikhail Tokar",authors:[{id:"35764",title:"Prof.",name:"Mikhail",middleName:null,surname:"Tokar",fullName:"Mikhail Tokar",slug:"mikhail-tokar"}]},{id:"20817",title:"Numerical Simulation of the Heat Transfer from a Heated Solid Wall to an Impinging Swirling Jet",slug:"numerical-simulation-of-the-heat-transfer-from-a-heated-solid-wall-to-an-impinging-swirling-jet",signatures:"Joaquín Ortega-Casanova",authors:[{id:"35763",title:"Dr.",name:"Joaquin",middleName:null,surname:"Ortega-Casanova",fullName:"Joaquin Ortega-Casanova",slug:"joaquin-ortega-casanova"}]},{id:"20818",title:"Recent Advances in Modeling Axisymmetric Swirl and Applications for Enhanced Heat Transfer and Flow Mixing",slug:"recent-advances-in-modeling-axisymmetric-swirl-and-applications-for-enhanced-heat-transfer-and-flow-",signatures:"Sal B. Rodriguez and Mohamed S. El-Genk",authors:[{id:"47349",title:"Dr.",name:"Sal",middleName:null,surname:"Rodriguez",fullName:"Sal Rodriguez",slug:"sal-rodriguez"},{id:"56460",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohamed",middleName:null,surname:"El-Genk",fullName:"Mohamed El-Genk",slug:"mohamed-el-genk"}]},{id:"20819",title:"Thermal Approaches to Interpret Laser Damage Experiments",slug:"thermal-approaches-to-interpret-laser-damage-experiments",signatures:"S. Reyné, L. Lamaignère, J-Y. Natoli and G. Duchateau",authors:[{id:"48256",title:"Dr.",name:"Stéphane",middleName:null,surname:"Reyné",fullName:"Stéphane Reyné",slug:"stephane-reyne"},{id:"55184",title:"Dr.",name:"Laurent",middleName:null,surname:"Lamaignère",fullName:"Laurent Lamaignère",slug:"laurent-lamaignere"},{id:"55185",title:"Prof.",name:"Jean-Yves",middleName:null,surname:"Natoli",fullName:"Jean-Yves Natoli",slug:"jean-yves-natoli"},{id:"55186",title:"Dr.",name:"Guillaume",middleName:null,surname:"Duchateau",fullName:"Guillaume Duchateau",slug:"guillaume-duchateau"}]},{id:"20820",title:"Ultrafast Heating Characteristics in Multi-Layer Metal Film Assembly Under Femtosecond Laser Pulses Irradiation",slug:"ultrafast-heating-characteristics-in-multi-layer-metal-film-assembly-under-femtosecond-laser-pulses-",signatures:"Feng Chen, Guangqing Du, Qing Yang, Jinhai Si and Hun Hou",authors:[{id:"41503",title:"Prof.",name:"Feng",middleName:null,surname:"Chen",fullName:"Feng Chen",slug:"feng-chen"},{id:"49747",title:"Dr.",name:"Guangqing",middleName:null,surname:"Du",fullName:"Guangqing Du",slug:"guangqing-du"},{id:"49748",title:"Dr.",name:"Qing",middleName:null,surname:"Yang",fullName:"Qing Yang",slug:"qing-yang"},{id:"49749",title:"Prof.",name:"Jinhai",middleName:null,surname:"Si",fullName:"Jinhai Si",slug:"jinhai-si"},{id:"49750",title:"Prof.",name:"Xun",middleName:null,surname:"Hou",fullName:"Xun Hou",slug:"xun-hou"}]},{id:"20821",title:"On Density Wave Instability Phenomena – Modelling and Experimental Investigation",slug:"on-density-wave-instability-phenomena-modelling-and-experimental-investigation",signatures:"Davide Papini, Antonio Cammi, Marco Colombo and Marco E. Ricotti",authors:[{id:"39676",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Cammi",fullName:"Antonio Cammi",slug:"antonio-cammi"},{id:"47185",title:"Dr.",name:"Davide",middleName:null,surname:"Papini",fullName:"Davide Papini",slug:"davide-papini"},{id:"58341",title:"MSc.",name:"Marco",middleName:null,surname:"Colombo",fullName:"Marco Colombo",slug:"marco-colombo"},{id:"58342",title:"Prof.",name:"Marco",middleName:"Enrico",surname:"Ricotti",fullName:"Marco Ricotti",slug:"marco-ricotti"}]},{id:"20822",title:"Spray Cooling",slug:"spray-cooling",signatures:"Zhibin Yan, Rui Zhao, Fei Duan, Teck Neng Wong, Kok Chuan Toh, Kok Fah Choo, Poh Keong Chan and Yong Sheng Chua",authors:[{id:"41701",title:"Prof.",name:"Teck Neng",middleName:null,surname:"Wong",fullName:"Teck Neng Wong",slug:"teck-neng-wong"},{id:"53713",title:"Mr.",name:"Zhibin",middleName:null,surname:"Yan",fullName:"Zhibin Yan",slug:"zhibin-yan"},{id:"53720",title:"Dr.",name:"Rui",middleName:null,surname:"Zhao",fullName:"Rui Zhao",slug:"rui-zhao"},{id:"53721",title:"Prof.",name:"Fei",middleName:null,surname:"Duan",fullName:"Fei Duan",slug:"fei-duan"},{id:"53722",title:"Mr",name:"Kok Chuan",middleName:null,surname:"Toh",fullName:"Kok Chuan Toh",slug:"kok-chuan-toh"},{id:"53723",title:"Mr.",name:"Kok Fah",middleName:null,surname:"Choo",fullName:"Kok Fah Choo",slug:"kok-fah-choo"},{id:"53724",title:"Mr",name:"Poh Keong",middleName:null,surname:"Chan",fullName:"Poh Keong Chan",slug:"poh-keong-chan"},{id:"53725",title:"Mr",name:"Yong Sheng",middleName:null,surname:"Chua",fullName:"Yong Sheng Chua",slug:"yong-sheng-chua"}]},{id:"20823",title:"Wettability Effects on Heat Transfer",slug:"wettability-effects-on-heat-transfer",signatures:"Chiwoong Choi and Moohwan Kim",authors:[{id:"35188",title:"Dr.",name:"Chiwoong",middleName:null,surname:"Choi",fullName:"Chiwoong Choi",slug:"chiwoong-choi"},{id:"52868",title:"Prof.",name:"Moo Hwan",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Moo Hwan Kim",slug:"moo-hwan-kim"}]},{id:"20824",title:"Liquid Film Thickness in Micro-Scale Two-Phase Flow",slug:"liquid-film-thickness-in-micro-scale-two-phase-flow",signatures:"Naoki Shikazono and Youngbae Han",authors:[{id:"47595",title:"Prof.",name:"Naoki",middleName:null,surname:"Shikazono",fullName:"Naoki Shikazono",slug:"naoki-shikazono"},{id:"47596",title:"Dr.",name:"Youngbae",middleName:null,surname:"Han",fullName:"Youngbae Han",slug:"youngbae-han"}]},{id:"20825",title:"New Variants to Theoretical Investigations of Thermosyphon Loop",slug:"new-variants-to-theoretical-investigations-of-thermosyphon-loop",signatures:"Henryk Bieliński",authors:[{id:"15853",title:"Dr.",name:"Henryk",middleName:null,surname:"Bieliński",fullName:"Henryk Bieliński",slug:"henryk-bielinski"}]},{id:"20826",title:"Nanofluids for Heat Transfer",slug:"nanofluids-for-heat-transfer",signatures:"Rodolphe Heyd",authors:[{id:"43196",title:"Dr.",name:"Rodolphe",middleName:null,surname:"Heyd",fullName:"Rodolphe Heyd",slug:"rodolphe-heyd"}]},{id:"20827",title:"Forced Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids in Minichannels",slug:"forced-convective-heat-transfer-of-nanofluids-in-minichannels",signatures:"S. M. Sohel Murshed and C. A. Nieto de Castro",authors:[{id:"16297",title:"Prof.",name:"Carlos Nieto",middleName:null,surname:"De Castro",fullName:"Carlos Nieto De Castro",slug:"carlos-nieto-de-castro"},{id:"24904",title:"Prof.",name:"S. M. Sohel",middleName:null,surname:"Murshed",fullName:"S. M. Sohel Murshed",slug:"s.-m.-sohel-murshed"}]},{id:"20828",title:"Nanofluids for Heat Transfer – Potential and Engineering Strategies",slug:"nanofluids-for-heat-transfer-potential-and-engineering-strategies",signatures:"Elena V. Timofeeva",authors:[{id:"46547",title:"Dr.",name:"Elena",middleName:null,surname:"Timofeeva",fullName:"Elena Timofeeva",slug:"elena-timofeeva"}]},{id:"20829",title:"Heat Transfer in Nanostructures Using the Fractal Approximation of Motion",slug:"heat-transfer-in-nanostructures-using-the-fractal-approximation-of-motion",signatures:"Maricel Agop, Irinel Casian Botez, Luciu Razvan Silviu and Manuela Girtu",authors:[{id:"24020",title:"Dr.",name:"Maricel",middleName:null,surname:"Agop",fullName:"Maricel Agop",slug:"maricel-agop"},{id:"136032",title:"Dr.",name:"Irinel Casian",middleName:null,surname:"Botez",fullName:"Irinel Casian Botez",slug:"irinel-casian-botez"},{id:"136033",title:"Dr.",name:"Luciu Razvan",middleName:null,surname:"Silviu",fullName:"Luciu Razvan Silviu",slug:"luciu-razvan-silviu"},{id:"136034",title:"Dr.",name:"Manuela",middleName:null,surname:"Girtu",fullName:"Manuela Girtu",slug:"manuela-girtu"}]},{id:"20830",title:"Heat Transfer in Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell",slug:"heat-transfer-in-micro-direct-methanol-fuel-cell",signatures:"Ghayour Reza",authors:[{id:"43732",title:"Dr.",name:"Reza",middleName:null,surname:"Ghayor",fullName:"Reza Ghayor",slug:"reza-ghayor"}]},{id:"20831",title:"Heat Transfer in Complex Fluids",slug:"heat-transfer-in-complex-fluids",signatures:"Mehrdad Massoudi",authors:[{id:"42814",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehrdad",middleName:null,surname:"Massoudi",fullName:"Mehrdad Massoudi",slug:"mehrdad-massoudi"}]},{id:"20832",title:"A Numerical Study on Time-Dependent Melting and Deformation Processes of Phase Change Material (PCM) Induced by Localized Thermal Input",slug:"a-numerical-study-on-time-dependent-melting-and-deformation-processes-of-phase-change-material-pcm-i",signatures:"Yangkyun Kim, Akter Hossain, Sungcho Kim and Yuji Nakamura",authors:[{id:"53969",title:"Dr.",name:"Yuji",middleName:null,surname:"Nakamura",fullName:"Yuji Nakamura",slug:"yuji-nakamura"},{id:"59192",title:"Mr.",name:"Yangkyun",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Yangkyun Kim",slug:"yangkyun-kim"},{id:"59193",title:"Dr.",name:"Akter",middleName:null,surname:"Hossain",fullName:"Akter Hossain",slug:"akter-hossain"},{id:"59194",title:"Prof.",name:"Sungcho",middleName:null,surname:"Kim",fullName:"Sungcho Kim",slug:"sungcho-kim"}]},{id:"20833",title:"Thermal Energy Storage Tanks Using Phase Change Material (PCM) in HVAC Systems",slug:"thermal-energy-storage-tanks-using-phase-change-material-pcm-in-hvac-systems",signatures:"Motoi Yamaha and Nobuo Nakahara",authors:[{id:"44754",title:"Prof.",name:"Motoi",middleName:null,surname:"Yamaha",fullName:"Motoi Yamaha",slug:"motoi-yamaha"},{id:"136035",title:"Dr.",name:"Nobuo",middleName:null,surname:"Nakahara",fullName:"Nobuo Nakahara",slug:"nobuo-nakahara"}]},{id:"20834",title:"Heat Transfer and Phase Change in Deep CO2 Injector for CO2 Geological Storage",slug:"heat-transfer-and-phase-change-in-deep-co2-injector-for-co2-geological-storage",signatures:"Kyuro Sasaki and Yuichi Sugai",authors:[{id:"38340",title:"Prof.",name:"Kyuro",middleName:null,surname:"Sasaki",fullName:"Kyuro Sasaki",slug:"kyuro-sasaki"},{id:"38366",title:"Prof.",name:"Yuichi",middleName:null,surname:"Sugai",fullName:"Yuichi Sugai",slug:"yuichi-sugai"},{id:"39564",title:"Prof.",name:"Kyuro",middleName:null,surname:"Sasaki",fullName:"Kyuro Sasaki",slug:"kyuro-sasaki"}]}]}]},onlineFirst:{chapter:{type:"chapter",id:"63007",title:"Mathematical Model as a Tool for the Control of Vector-Borne Diseases: Wolbachia Example",doi:"10.5772/intechopen.79754",slug:"mathematical-model-as-a-tool-for-the-control-of-vector-borne-diseases-wolbachia-example",body:'\nDengue is a vector-borne disease caused by four distinct serotypes (DEN1–DEN4), and is endemic in most countries particularly in tropical and subtropical areas [1]. It is estimated that around 390 million cases happen each year [2]. Individuals obtain lifelong immunity to the serotype that they are infected with, but have a higher chance to get the most severe form of dengue in the subsequent infection [1]. It is estimated that around 500,000 individuals get severe dengue and require hospitalisation. Of these, about 2.5% die [3]. Without a proper treatment, the fatality rate can reach 20% [3]. Dengue is also a substantial public health and economic burden [4].
\nA number of strategies have been implemented, but they are generally effective in the short term. Although some progresses have been made for dengue antiviral treatment, dengue control strategies still depend on vector control [5]. One of the strategies against dengue is by the use of
This section presents background on mathematical modelling of infectious diseases. Mathematical modelling is a useful tool to understand complex phenomena including disease transmission dynamics and their control strategies. There are several types of modelling that are generally used: deterministic, stochastic, statistical, agent-based modelling, and the others. A deterministic model is mostly used because it is easily solved and can include many parameters or variables. The model is in the form of system of differential equations.
\nMany mathematical models have been developed to investigate disease transmission dynamics including vector-borne diseases [14]. The model is based on a standard SIR model where the human population is divided into susceptible (S), infected (I), and recovered (R) [15]. The susceptible individuals become exposed after being contacted with infected individuals at a rate \n
The model can then be extended to include other compartments and parameters depending on the characteristics of diseases. For example, if the disease has long incubation period, we can add exposed compartment. If the disease is transmitted via vector, we can add another system of equations describing vector dynamics. When one aims to investigate the effects of vaccination, vaccinated compartment can be included. The important principles in modelling are to know characteristics of studied phenomena and the purpose of the research. The principles have been applied when we formulate mathematical models for
In this section, we review existing mathematical model of
Many (spatial and non-spatial) mathematical models have been formulated to analyse the persistence and spread or dispersal of
A number of nonspatial mathematical model for
The spatial mathematical models have been developed to assess the
Mathematical models for
A number of mathematical models have been developed to understand dengue transmission mathematical models [33, 34]. However, little mathematical models have been developed to investigate the efficacy of
In this section, we present examples of mathematical models of
Here, we present an example of the mathematical model of the
The effect of CI is captured by the following expression. The non-
Note that the population growth is limited by carrying capacity \n
where \n
In this section, numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the solutions of the model. The parameter values used are given in Table 1. The initial conditions are \n
Symbol | \nDescription | \nValue | \nUnit | \nSource | \n
---|---|---|---|---|
\n\n | \nNon- | \n1.25 | \n\n\n | \n[19] | \n
\n\n | \nNon- | \n1/7.78 | \n\n\n | \n[47] | \n
\n\n | \nNon- | \n1/6.67 | \n\n\n | \n[48] | \n
\n\n | \nThe proportion of non- | \n0.5 | \nProportion | \n[49] | \n
\n\n | \nNon- | \n1/14 | \n\n\n | \n[47] | \n
\n\n | \n1/7.78 | \n\n\n | \n[47] | \n|
\n\n | \n1/7 | \n\n\n | \n[46] | \n|
\n\n | \n0.95\n | \n\n\n | \n[19] | \n|
\n\n | \n1/6.67 | \n\n\n | \n[46] | \n|
\n\n | \nThe proportion of | \n0.5 | \nN/A | \nAssumed | \n
\n\n | \nThe rate of uninfected males hatched from a | \n0.5 | \nN/A | \nAssumed | \n
\n\n | \nThe proportion of | \n0.9 | \nN/A | \n[7, 46, 50, 51] | \n
\n\n | \nCarrying capacity | \n300,000 | \n\n | [48] | \n
Parameters, description, values and sources for the model of
Symbol | \nDescription | \nValue | \nUnit | \nSource | \n
---|---|---|---|---|
\n\n | \nMaternal transmission | \n0.9 | \nN/A | \n[19, 46, 52] | \n
\n\n | \nHuman birth rate | \n\n\n | \nday\n | \n[3] | \n
\n\n | \nBiting rate of non-W mosquitoes | \n0.63 | \nday\n | \n[53] | \n
\n\n | \nBiting rate of W mosquitoes | \n0.95 \n | \nday\n | \n[54] | \n
\n\n | \nProgression rate from exposed to infectious | \n1/5.5 | \nday\n | \n[1] | \n
\n\n | \nProgression from exposed to infectious class of non-W mosquitoes | \n1/10 | \nday\n | \n[55] | \n
\n\n | \nProgression from exposed to infectious class of W mosquitoes | \n1/10 | \nday\n | \n[55] | \n
\n\n | \nCarrying capacity | \n\n\n | \nN/A | \n[55] | \n
\n\n | \nForce of infection | \nEqs. (21)–(23) | \n\n | \n |
\n\n | \nAdult mosquito death rate (non-W) | \n1/14 | \nday\n | \n[47] | \n
\n\n | \nHuman death rate | \n1/\n | \nday\n | \n[3] | \n
\n\n | \nDeath rate of aquatic non-W mosquitoes | \n1/14 | \nday\n | \n[47] | \n
\n\n | \nAdult aquatic death rate | \n1.1\n | \nday\n | \n[46, 51] | \n
\n\n | \nDeath rate of W mosquitoes | \n1/14 | \nday\n | \n[47] | \n
\n\n | \nADE | \n1.1 | \nN/A | \n[56] | \n
\n\n | \nReproductive rate of non-W mosquitoes | \n1.25 | \nday\n | \n[19] | \n
\n\n | \nReproductive rate of W-mosquitoes | \n\n\n | \nday\n | \n[46] | \n
\n\n | \nRecovery rate | \n1/5 | \nday\n | \n[1] | \n
\n\n | \nTransmission probability from non-W mosquitoes to human | \n0.5 | \nN/A | \n[36] | \n
\n\n | \nTransmission probability from W mosquitoes to human | \n\n\n | \nN/A | \n[36, 57] | \n
\n\n | \nProgression rate from temporary immunity class to susceptible class | \n\n\n | \nday\n | \n[58] | \n
\n\n | \nMaturation rate of non-W mosquitoes | \n1/10 | \nday\n | \n[47] | \n
\n\n | \nMaturation rate of W mosquitoes | \n1/10 | \nday\n | \n[47] | \n
Parameter descriptions, values, and sources. Note that W and N are used to indicate Wolbachia-carrying and non-Wolbachia mosquitoes in the parameter descriptions, respectively. \n
Figure 1 shows the numerical solutions of the model using the parameter values given in Table 1, but the
Numerical simulations of the Model (4). The parameter values used are given in
Numerical simulations of the Model (4). The parameter values used are given in
Numerical simulations of the Model (4). The parameter values used are given in
In this section, we give example of two-serotype dengue mathematical model. We present the model by Ndii et al. [42]. The model consists of human, non-
The model is governed by the following system of differential equations:
Model for non-
Model for
where the force of infections are
where \n
This section presents numerical simulations of the model. Figures 4 and 5 show the numerical simulations of primary and secondary infections in the absence and presence of
Numerical simulations of primary and secondary infections in the absence of
Numerical simulations of primary and secondary infections in the presence of
Figures 4 and 5 show that
The use of
One of the important steps in modelling is model’s validation. The model can be validated against the real data. Although several parameters can be obtained from literature, it is important to estimate the influential parameters such as transmission rate against the real data. Ferguson et al. [37] validated their model against the real data. Furthermore, most parameters are strongly uncertain, which indicate that sensitivity analysis is strongly required. This aims to find the most important parameters which can guide us in collecting appropriate data to be estimated.
\nModels presented in this work do not take into account the environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall. These may affect the dynamics of mosquito population and hence dengue transmission dynamics. Furthermore, in our work, the ratio of male and female mosquitoes is equal, which possibly affects the mosquito’s population dynamics. It is important to consider sex-biased ratio to determine its effects on the persistence of
In this paper, we review existing mathematical models of
The results showed that the
MZN acknowledges funding from Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of Indonesia through Penelitian Pascadoctor scheme 2018 (Grant No: 70/UN15.19/LT/2018). EDW received funding from Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of Indonesia (Grant No: 3/E/KPT/2018). NA received Academic Leadership Grant from Padjadjaran University (Grant No: 2297 /UN6.D/KS/2018) and Penelitian Dasar Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi (Grant No: 1126/UN6.D/LT/2018).
\nIntechOpen books are indexed by the following abstracting and indexing services:
",metaTitle:"Indexing and Abstracting",metaDescription:"IntechOpen was built by scientists, for scientists. We understand the community we serve, but to bring an even better service to the table for IntechOpen Authors and Academic Editors, we partnered with the leading companies and associations in the industry and beyond.",metaKeywords:null,canonicalURL:"/page/indexing-and-abstracting",contentRaw:'[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"Clarivate Web Of Science - Book Citation Index
\\n\\nCroatian Library (digital NSK)
\\n\\nOCLC (Online Computer Library Center) - WorldCat® Digital Collection Gateway
\\n\\n\\n\\n
\\n"}]'},components:[{type:"htmlEditorComponent",content:'
Clarivate Web Of Science - Book Citation Index
\n\nCroatian Library (digital NSK)
\n\nOCLC (Online Computer Library Center) - WorldCat® Digital Collection Gateway
\n\n\n\n
\n'}]},successStories:{items:[]},authorsAndEditors:{filterParams:{sort:"featured,name"},profiles:[{id:"6700",title:"Dr.",name:"Abbass A.",middleName:null,surname:"Hashim",slug:"abbass-a.-hashim",fullName:"Abbass A. Hashim",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/6700/images/1864_n.jpg",biography:"Currently I am carrying out research in several areas of interest, mainly covering work on chemical and bio-sensors, semiconductor thin film device fabrication and characterisation.\nAt the moment I have very strong interest in radiation environmental pollution and bacteriology treatment. The teams of researchers are working very hard to bring novel results in this field. I am also a member of the team in charge for the supervision of Ph.D. students in the fields of development of silicon based planar waveguide sensor devices, study of inelastic electron tunnelling in planar tunnelling nanostructures for sensing applications and development of organotellurium(IV) compounds for semiconductor applications. I am a specialist in data analysis techniques and nanosurface structure. I have served as the editor for many books, been a member of the editorial board in science journals, have published many papers and hold many patents.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Sheffield Hallam University",country:{name:"United Kingdom"}}},{id:"54525",title:"Prof.",name:"Abdul Latif",middleName:null,surname:"Ahmad",slug:"abdul-latif-ahmad",fullName:"Abdul Latif Ahmad",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"20567",title:"Prof.",name:"Ado",middleName:null,surname:"Jorio",slug:"ado-jorio",fullName:"Ado Jorio",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais",country:{name:"Brazil"}}},{id:"47940",title:"Dr.",name:"Alberto",middleName:null,surname:"Mantovani",slug:"alberto-mantovani",fullName:"Alberto Mantovani",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"12392",title:"Mr.",name:"Alex",middleName:null,surname:"Lazinica",slug:"alex-lazinica",fullName:"Alex Lazinica",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/12392/images/7282_n.png",biography:"Alex Lazinica is the founder and CEO of IntechOpen. After obtaining a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering, he continued his PhD studies in Robotics at the Vienna University of Technology. Here he worked as a robotic researcher with the university's Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Group as well as a guest researcher at various European universities, including the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). During this time he published more than 20 scientific papers, gave presentations, served as a reviewer for major robotic journals and conferences and most importantly he co-founded and built the International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems- world's first Open Access journal in the field of robotics. Starting this journal was a pivotal point in his career, since it was a pathway to founding IntechOpen - Open Access publisher focused on addressing academic researchers needs. Alex is a personification of IntechOpen key values being trusted, open and entrepreneurial. Today his focus is on defining the growth and development strategy for the company.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"TU Wien",country:{name:"Austria"}}},{id:"19816",title:"Prof.",name:"Alexander",middleName:null,surname:"Kokorin",slug:"alexander-kokorin",fullName:"Alexander Kokorin",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/19816/images/1607_n.jpg",biography:"Alexander I. Kokorin: born: 1947, Moscow; DSc., PhD; Principal Research Fellow (Research Professor) of Department of Kinetics and Catalysis, N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.\r\nArea of research interests: physical chemistry of complex-organized molecular and nanosized systems, including polymer-metal complexes; the surface of doped oxide semiconductors. He is an expert in structural, absorptive, catalytic and photocatalytic properties, in structural organization and dynamic features of ionic liquids, in magnetic interactions between paramagnetic centers. The author or co-author of 3 books, over 200 articles and reviews in scientific journals and books. He is an actual member of the International EPR/ESR Society, European Society on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion, Moscow House of Scientists, of the Board of Moscow Physical Society.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics",country:{name:"Russia"}}},{id:"62389",title:"PhD.",name:"Ali Demir",middleName:null,surname:"Sezer",slug:"ali-demir-sezer",fullName:"Ali Demir Sezer",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/62389/images/3413_n.jpg",biography:"Dr. Ali Demir Sezer has a Ph.D. from Pharmaceutical Biotechnology at the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Marmara (Turkey). He is the member of many Pharmaceutical Associations and acts as a reviewer of scientific journals and European projects under different research areas such as: drug delivery systems, nanotechnology and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Dr. Sezer is the author of many scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and poster communications. Focus of his research activity is drug delivery, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of biopolymers micro and nanoparticles as modified drug delivery system, and colloidal drug carriers (liposomes, nanoparticles etc.).",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Marmara University",country:{name:"Turkey"}}},{id:"61051",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:null},{id:"100762",title:"Prof.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"St David's Medical Center",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"107416",title:"Dr.",name:"Andrea",middleName:null,surname:"Natale",slug:"andrea-natale",fullName:"Andrea Natale",position:null,profilePictureURL:"//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/author.svg",biography:null,institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia",country:{name:"United States of America"}}},{id:"64434",title:"Dr.",name:"Angkoon",middleName:null,surname:"Phinyomark",slug:"angkoon-phinyomark",fullName:"Angkoon Phinyomark",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/64434/images/2619_n.jpg",biography:"My name is Angkoon Phinyomark. I received a B.Eng. degree in Computer Engineering with First Class Honors in 2008 from Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, where I received a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering. My research interests are primarily in the area of biomedical signal processing and classification notably EMG (electromyography signal), EOG (electrooculography signal), and EEG (electroencephalography signal), image analysis notably breast cancer analysis and optical coherence tomography, and rehabilitation engineering. I became a student member of IEEE in 2008. During October 2011-March 2012, I had worked at School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom. In addition, during a B.Eng. I had been a visiting research student at Faculty of Computer Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain for three months.\n\nI have published over 40 papers during 5 years in refereed journals, books, and conference proceedings in the areas of electro-physiological signals processing and classification, notably EMG and EOG signals, fractal analysis, wavelet analysis, texture analysis, feature extraction and machine learning algorithms, and assistive and rehabilitative devices. I have several computer programming language certificates, i.e. Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform 1.4 (SCJP), Microsoft Certified Professional Developer, Web Developer (MCPD), Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist, .NET Framework 2.0 Web (MCTS). I am a Reviewer for several refereed journals and international conferences, such as IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Optic Letters, Measurement Science Review, and also a member of the International Advisory Committee for 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications and 2012 IEEE Symposium on Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications.",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"Joseph Fourier University",country:{name:"France"}}},{id:"55578",title:"Dr.",name:"Antonio",middleName:null,surname:"Jurado-Navas",slug:"antonio-jurado-navas",fullName:"Antonio Jurado-Navas",position:null,profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/55578/images/4574_n.png",biography:"Antonio Jurado-Navas received the M.S. degree (2002) and the Ph.D. degree (2009) in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the University of Málaga (Spain). He first worked as a consultant at Vodafone-Spain. From 2004 to 2011, he was a Research Assistant with the Communications Engineering Department at the University of Málaga. In 2011, he became an Assistant Professor in the same department. From 2012 to 2015, he was with Ericsson Spain, where he was working on geo-location\ntools for third generation mobile networks. Since 2015, he is a Marie-Curie fellow at the Denmark Technical University. His current research interests include the areas of mobile communication systems and channel modeling in addition to atmospheric optical communications, adaptive optics and statistics",institutionString:null,institution:{name:"University of Malaga",country:{name:"Spain"}}}],filtersByRegion:[{group:"region",caption:"North America",value:1,count:5816},{group:"region",caption:"Middle and South America",value:2,count:5281},{group:"region",caption:"Africa",value:3,count:1754},{group:"region",caption:"Asia",value:4,count:10511},{group:"region",caption:"Australia and Oceania",value:5,count:906},{group:"region",caption:"Europe",value:6,count:15913}],offset:12,limit:12,total:119060},chapterEmbeded:{data:{}},editorApplication:{success:null,errors:{}},ofsBooks:{filterParams:{hasNoEditors:"0",sort:"dateEndThirdStepPublish"},books:[{type:"book",id:"10567",title:"Uncertainty Management in Engineering - Topics in Pollution Prevention and Controls",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"4990db602d31f1848c590dbfe97b6409",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Rehab O. Abdel Rahman and Dr. Yung-Tse Hung",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10567.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"92718",title:"Prof.",name:"Rehab",surname:"Abdel Rahman",slug:"rehab-abdel-rahman",fullName:"Rehab Abdel Rahman"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8977",title:"Protein Kinase - New Opportunities, Challenges and Future Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"6d200cc031706a565b554fdb1c478901",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Rajesh Kumar Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8977.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"329385",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajesh",surname:"Singh",slug:"rajesh-singh",fullName:"Rajesh Singh"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10582",title:"Chemical Vapor Deposition",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"f9177ff0e61198735fb86a81303259d0",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Sadia Ameen, Dr. M. Shaheer Akhtar and Prof. Hyung-Shik Shin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10582.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"52613",title:"Dr.",name:"Sadia",surname:"Ameen",slug:"sadia-ameen",fullName:"Sadia Ameen"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10814",title:"Anxiety, Uncertainty, and Resilience During the Pandemic Period - Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"2db4d2a6638d2c66f7a5741d0f8fe4ae",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Fabio Gabrielli and Dr. Floriana Irtelli",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10814.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"259407",title:"Prof.",name:"Fabio",surname:"Gabrielli",slug:"fabio-gabrielli",fullName:"Fabio Gabrielli"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10519",title:"Middleware Architecture",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c326d436ae0f4c508849d2336dbdfb48",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10519.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"26677",title:"Dr.",name:"Mehdia",surname:"Ajana El Khaddar",slug:"mehdia-ajana-el-khaddar",fullName:"Mehdia Ajana El Khaddar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10504",title:"Crystallization",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"3478d05926950f475f4ad2825d340963",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Youssef Ben Smida and Dr. Riadh Marzouki",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10504.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"311698",title:"Dr.",name:"Youssef",surname:"Ben Smida",slug:"youssef-ben-smida",fullName:"Youssef Ben Smida"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9816",title:"Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"365bb9762ba33db2d07e677690af1772",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Salim Surani and Dr. Venkat Rajasurya",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9816.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"15654",title:"Dr.",name:"Salim",surname:"Surani",slug:"salim-surani",fullName:"Salim Surani"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10789",title:"Cervical Cancer - A Global Public Health Treatise",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"3f7a79875d0d0ae71479de8c60276913",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Rajamanickam Rajkumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10789.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"120109",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajamanickam",surname:"Rajkumar",slug:"rajamanickam-rajkumar",fullName:"Rajamanickam Rajkumar"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10568",title:"Hysteresis in Engineering",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"6482387993b3cebffafe856a916c44ce",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Giuseppe Viola",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10568.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"173586",title:"Dr.",name:"Giuseppe",surname:"Viola",slug:"giuseppe-viola",fullName:"Giuseppe Viola"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10668",title:"Sustainable Concrete",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"55856c6a8bc3a5b21dae5a1af09a56b6",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Hosam M. Saleh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10668.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"144691",title:"Prof.",name:"Hosam",surname:"Saleh",slug:"hosam-saleh",fullName:"Hosam Saleh"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10557",title:"Elaeis guineensis",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"79500ab1930271876b4e0575e2ed3966",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Hesam Kamyab",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10557.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"225957",title:"Dr.",name:"Hesam",surname:"Kamyab",slug:"hesam-kamyab",fullName:"Hesam Kamyab"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"10648",title:"Vibrios",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"863c86c37b8a066ed95397fd9a114a71",slug:null,bookSignature:"Dr. Lixing Huang and Dr. Jie Li",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10648.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"333148",title:"Dr.",name:"Lixing",surname:"Huang",slug:"lixing-huang",fullName:"Lixing Huang"}],productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],filtersByTopic:[{group:"topic",caption:"Agricultural and Biological Sciences",value:5,count:25},{group:"topic",caption:"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",value:6,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Business, Management and Economics",value:7,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Chemistry",value:8,count:11},{group:"topic",caption:"Computer and Information Science",value:9,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Earth and Planetary Sciences",value:10,count:9},{group:"topic",caption:"Engineering",value:11,count:25},{group:"topic",caption:"Environmental Sciences",value:12,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Immunology and Microbiology",value:13,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Materials Science",value:14,count:7},{group:"topic",caption:"Mathematics",value:15,count:2},{group:"topic",caption:"Medicine",value:16,count:44},{group:"topic",caption:"Neuroscience",value:18,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science",value:19,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Physics",value:20,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Psychology",value:21,count:4},{group:"topic",caption:"Robotics",value:22,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Social Sciences",value:23,count:3},{group:"topic",caption:"Technology",value:24,count:1},{group:"topic",caption:"Veterinary Medicine and Science",value:25,count:2}],offset:12,limit:12,total:169},popularBooks:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8445",title:"Dam Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Design and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7e4d2ecbc65d78fa7582e0d2e143906",slug:"dam-engineering-recent-advances-in-design-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Zhongzhi Fu and Erich Bauer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8445.jpg",editors:[{id:"249577",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhongzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"zhongzhi-fu",fullName:"Zhongzhi Fu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3951728ace7f135451d66b72e9908b47",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",editors:[{id:"313528",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8158",title:"Veganism",subtitle:"a Fashion Trend or Food as a Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8e51fc25a379e5b92a270addbb4351d",slug:"veganism-a-fashion-trend-or-food-as-a-medicine",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8158.jpg",editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"2160",title:"MATLAB",subtitle:"A Fundamental Tool for Scientific Computing and Engineering Applications - Volume 1",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"dd9c658341fbd264ed4f8d9e6aa8ca29",slug:"matlab-a-fundamental-tool-for-scientific-computing-and-engineering-applications-volume-1",bookSignature:"Vasilios N. Katsikis",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2160.jpg",editors:[{id:"12289",title:"Prof.",name:"Vasilios",middleName:"N.",surname:"Katsikis",slug:"vasilios-katsikis",fullName:"Vasilios Katsikis"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:12,limit:12,total:5315},hotBookTopics:{hotBooks:[],offset:0,limit:12,total:null},publish:{},publishingProposal:{success:null,errors:{}},books:{featuredBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8445",title:"Dam Engineering",subtitle:"Recent Advances in Design and Analysis",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a7e4d2ecbc65d78fa7582e0d2e143906",slug:"dam-engineering-recent-advances-in-design-and-analysis",bookSignature:"Zhongzhi Fu and Erich Bauer",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8445.jpg",editors:[{id:"249577",title:"Dr.",name:"Zhongzhi",middleName:null,surname:"Fu",slug:"zhongzhi-fu",fullName:"Zhongzhi Fu"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"9385",title:"Renewable Energy",subtitle:"Technologies and Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a6b446d19166f17f313008e6c056f3d8",slug:"renewable-energy-technologies-and-applications",bookSignature:"Tolga Taner, Archana Tiwari and Taha Selim Ustun",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9385.jpg",editors:[{id:"197240",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Tolga",middleName:null,surname:"Taner",slug:"tolga-taner",fullName:"Tolga Taner"}],equalEditorOne:{id:"186791",title:"Dr.",name:"Archana",middleName:null,surname:"Tiwari",slug:"archana-tiwari",fullName:"Archana Tiwari",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/186791/images/system/186791.jpg",biography:"Dr. Archana Tiwari is Associate Professor at Amity University, India. Her research interests include renewable sources of energy from microalgae and further utilizing the residual biomass for the generation of value-added products, bioremediation through microalgae and microbial consortium, antioxidative enzymes and stress, and nutraceuticals from microalgae. She has been working on algal biotechnology for the last two decades. She has published her research in many international journals and has authored many books and chapters with renowned publishing houses. She has also delivered talks as an invited speaker at many national and international conferences. Dr. Tiwari is the recipient of several awards including Researcher of the Year and Distinguished Scientist.",institutionString:"Amity University",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"3",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"1",institution:{name:"Amity University",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"India"}}},equalEditorTwo:{id:"197609",title:"Prof.",name:"Taha Selim",middleName:null,surname:"Ustun",slug:"taha-selim-ustun",fullName:"Taha Selim Ustun",profilePictureURL:"https://mts.intechopen.com/storage/users/197609/images/system/197609.jpeg",biography:"Dr. Taha Selim Ustun received a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. He is a researcher with the Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), where he leads the Smart Grid Cybersecurity Laboratory. Prior to that, he was a faculty member with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. His current research interests include power systems protection, communication in power networks, distributed generation, microgrids, electric vehicle integration, and cybersecurity in smart grids. He serves on the editorial boards of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Energies, Electronics, Electricity, World Electric Vehicle and Information journals. Dr. Ustun is a member of the IEEE 2004 and 2800, IEC Renewable Energy Management WG 8, and IEC TC 57 WG17. He has been invited to run specialist courses in Africa, India, and China. He has delivered talks for the Qatar Foundation, the World Energy Council, the Waterloo Global Science Initiative, and the European Union Energy Initiative (EUEI). His research has attracted funding from prestigious programs in Japan, Australia, the European Union, and North America.",institutionString:"Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA)",position:null,outsideEditionCount:0,totalCites:0,totalAuthoredChapters:"1",totalChapterViews:"0",totalEditedBooks:"0",institution:{name:"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology",institutionURL:null,country:{name:"Japan"}}},equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"8937",title:"Soil Moisture Importance",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"3951728ace7f135451d66b72e9908b47",slug:"soil-moisture-importance",bookSignature:"Ram Swaroop Meena and Rahul Datta",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8937.jpg",editors:[{id:"313528",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Ram Swaroop",middleName:null,surname:"Meena",slug:"ram-swaroop-meena",fullName:"Ram Swaroop Meena"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}},{type:"book",id:"7031",title:"Liver Pathology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"631321b0565459ed0175917f1c8c727f",slug:"liver-pathology",bookSignature:"Vijay Gayam and Omer Engin",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/7031.jpg",editors:[{id:"273100",title:"Dr.",name:"Vijay",middleName:null,surname:"Gayam",slug:"vijay-gayam",fullName:"Vijay Gayam"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],latestBooks:[{type:"book",id:"8472",title:"Bioactive Compounds in Nutraceutical and Functional Food for Good Human Health",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8855452919b8495810ef8e88641feb20",slug:"bioactive-compounds-in-nutraceutical-and-functional-food-for-good-human-health",bookSignature:"Kavita Sharma, Kanchan Mishra, Kula Kamal Senapati and Corina Danciu",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8472.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"197731",title:"Dr.",name:"Kavita",middleName:null,surname:"Sharma",slug:"kavita-sharma",fullName:"Kavita Sharma"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8760",title:"Structure Topology and Symplectic Geometry",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8974840985ec3652492c83e20233bf02",slug:"structure-topology-and-symplectic-geometry",bookSignature:"Kamal Shah and Min Lei",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8760.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"231748",title:"Dr.",name:"Kamal",middleName:null,surname:"Shah",slug:"kamal-shah",fullName:"Kamal Shah"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9536",title:"Education at the Intersection of Globalization and Technology",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"0cf6891060eb438d975d250e8b127ed6",slug:"education-at-the-intersection-of-globalization-and-technology",bookSignature:"Sharon Waller, Lee Waller, Vongai Mpofu and Mercy Kurebwa",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9536.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"263302",title:"Dr.",name:"Sharon",middleName:null,surname:"Waller",slug:"sharon-waller",fullName:"Sharon Waller"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8564",title:"Cell Interaction",subtitle:"Molecular and Immunological Basis for Disease Management",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"98d7f080d80524285f091e72a8e92a6d",slug:"cell-interaction-molecular-and-immunological-basis-for-disease-management",bookSignature:"Bhawana Singh",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8564.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"315192",title:"Dr.",name:"Bhawana",middleName:null,surname:"Singh",slug:"bhawana-singh",fullName:"Bhawana Singh"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9629",title:"Electroencephalography",subtitle:"From Basic Research to Clinical Applications",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"8147834b6c6deeeec40f407c71ad60b4",slug:"electroencephalography-from-basic-research-to-clinical-applications",bookSignature:"Hideki Nakano",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9629.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"196461",title:"Prof.",name:"Hideki",middleName:null,surname:"Nakano",slug:"hideki-nakano",fullName:"Hideki Nakano"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9685",title:"Agroecosystems",subtitle:"Very Complex Environmental Systems",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"c44f7b43a9f9610c243dc32300d37df6",slug:"agroecosystems-very-complex-environmental-systems",bookSignature:"Marcelo L. Larramendy and Sonia Soloneski",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9685.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"14764",title:"Dr.",name:"Marcelo L.",middleName:null,surname:"Larramendy",slug:"marcelo-l.-larramendy",fullName:"Marcelo L. Larramendy"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9524",title:"Organ Donation and Transplantation",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"6ef47e03cd4e6476946fc28ca51de825",slug:"organ-donation-and-transplantation",bookSignature:"Vassil Mihaylov",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9524.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"313113",title:"Associate Prof.",name:"Vassil",middleName:null,surname:"Mihaylov",slug:"vassil-mihaylov",fullName:"Vassil Mihaylov"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9280",title:"Underwater Work",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"647b4270d937deae4a82f5702d1959ec",slug:"underwater-work",bookSignature:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9280.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"248645",title:"Dr.",name:"Sérgio António",middleName:null,surname:"Neves Lousada",slug:"sergio-antonio-neves-lousada",fullName:"Sérgio António Neves Lousada"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"9161",title:"Frailty in the Elderly",subtitle:"Understanding and Managing Complexity",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"a4f0f2fade8fb8ba35c405f5ad31a823",slug:"frailty-in-the-elderly-understanding-and-managing-complexity",bookSignature:"Sara Palermo",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/9161.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"233998",title:"Ph.D.",name:"Sara",middleName:null,surname:"Palermo",slug:"sara-palermo",fullName:"Sara Palermo"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"8158",title:"Veganism",subtitle:"a Fashion Trend or Food as a Medicine",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d8e51fc25a379e5b92a270addbb4351d",slug:"veganism-a-fashion-trend-or-food-as-a-medicine",bookSignature:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/8158.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"268043",title:"Dr.",name:"Miljana Z.",middleName:"Z",surname:"Jovandaric",slug:"miljana-z.-jovandaric",fullName:"Miljana Z. Jovandaric"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}]},subject:{topic:{id:"1066",title:"Gynecologic Oncology",slug:"obstetrics-and-gynecology-gynecologic-oncology",parent:{title:"Obstetrics and Gynecology",slug:"obstetrics-and-gynecology"},numberOfBooks:5,numberOfAuthorsAndEditors:176,numberOfWosCitations:115,numberOfCrossrefCitations:72,numberOfDimensionsCitations:180,videoUrl:null,fallbackUrl:null,description:null},booksByTopicFilter:{topicSlug:"obstetrics-and-gynecology-gynecologic-oncology",sort:"-publishedDate",limit:12,offset:0},booksByTopicCollection:[{type:"book",id:"4652",title:"Gynecologic Cancers",subtitle:"Basic Sciences, Clinical and Therapeutic Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"5b274edf1d53594508a6c5b3b7253f1b",slug:"gynecologic-cancers-basic-sciences-clinical-and-therapeutic-perspectives",bookSignature:"Samir A. Farghaly",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/4652.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"69680",title:"Dr.",name:"Samir",middleName:"A",surname:"Farghaly",slug:"samir-farghaly",fullName:"Samir Farghaly"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"3449",title:"Ovarian Cancer",subtitle:"A Clinical and Translational Update",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"d86076194a3c65286c370cafd587fe7d",slug:"ovarian-cancer-a-clinical-and-translational-update",bookSignature:"Iván Díaz-Padilla",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/3449.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"157073",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Diaz-Padilla",slug:"ivan-diaz-padilla",fullName:"Ivan Diaz-Padilla"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"951",title:"Topics on Cervical Cancer With an Advocacy for Prevention",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"fedfb0b32d856abf87bdb68b8ce9791c",slug:"topics-on-cervical-cancer-with-an-advocacy-for-prevention",bookSignature:"Rajamanickam Rajkumar",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/951.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"120109",title:"Dr.",name:"Rajamanickam",middleName:null,surname:"Rajkumar",slug:"rajamanickam-rajkumar",fullName:"Rajamanickam Rajkumar"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"760",title:"Ovarian Cancer",subtitle:"Basic Science Perspective",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"48d061c2a2d650206b6407634887e116",slug:"ovarian-cancer-basic-science-perspective",bookSignature:"Samir A. Farghaly",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/760.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"69680",title:"Dr.",name:"Samir",middleName:"A",surname:"Farghaly",slug:"samir-farghaly",fullName:"Samir Farghaly"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}},{type:"book",id:"2043",title:"Ovarian Cancer",subtitle:"Clinical and Therapeutic Perspectives",isOpenForSubmission:!1,hash:"426f320d45f1f59a331fc4db2c55539d",slug:"ovarian-cancer-clinical-and-therapeutic-perspectives",bookSignature:"Samir A. Farghaly",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/2043.jpg",editedByType:"Edited by",editors:[{id:"69680",title:"Dr.",name:"Samir",middleName:"A",surname:"Farghaly",slug:"samir-farghaly",fullName:"Samir Farghaly"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter",authoredCaption:"Edited by"}}],booksByTopicTotal:5,mostCitedChapters:[{id:"30747",doi:"10.5772/27200",title:"Cervical Cancer in Sub Sahara Africa",slug:"cervical-cancer-in-sub-sahara-africa",totalDownloads:7574,totalCrossrefCites:20,totalDimensionsCites:29,book:{slug:"topics-on-cervical-cancer-with-an-advocacy-for-prevention",title:"Topics on Cervical Cancer With an Advocacy for Prevention",fullTitle:"Topics on Cervical Cancer With an Advocacy for Prevention"},signatures:"Atara Ntekim",authors:[{id:"69178",title:"Dr.",name:"Atara",middleName:"I",surname:"Ntekim",slug:"atara-ntekim",fullName:"Atara Ntekim"}]},{id:"43348",doi:"10.5772/55562",title:"Molecular Mechanisms of Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer",slug:"molecular-mechanisms-of-platinum-resistance-in-ovarian-cancer",totalDownloads:3642,totalCrossrefCites:14,totalDimensionsCites:19,book:{slug:"ovarian-cancer-a-clinical-and-translational-update",title:"Ovarian Cancer",fullTitle:"Ovarian Cancer - A Clinical and Translational Update"},signatures:"Gonzalo Tapia and Ivan Diaz-Padilla",authors:[{id:"157073",title:"Dr.",name:"Ivan",middleName:null,surname:"Diaz-Padilla",slug:"ivan-diaz-padilla",fullName:"Ivan Diaz-Padilla"},{id:"166871",title:"Dr.",name:"Gonzalo",middleName:null,surname:"Tapia Rico",slug:"gonzalo-tapia-rico",fullName:"Gonzalo Tapia Rico"}]},{id:"43352",doi:"10.5772/54170",title:"The PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Ovarian Cancer: Biological Rationale and Therapeutic Opportunities",slug:"the-pi3k-akt-mtor-pathway-in-ovarian-cancer-biological-rationale-and-therapeutic-opportunities",totalDownloads:5366,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:13,book:{slug:"ovarian-cancer-a-clinical-and-translational-update",title:"Ovarian Cancer",fullTitle:"Ovarian Cancer - A Clinical and Translational Update"},signatures:"Alexandra Leary, Edouard Auclin, Patricia Pautier and Catherine Lhomme",authors:[{id:"161998",title:"Dr.",name:"Alexandra",middleName:null,surname:"Leary",slug:"alexandra-leary",fullName:"Alexandra Leary"}]}],mostDownloadedChaptersLast30Days:[{id:"42671",title:"PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer",slug:"parp-inhibitors-in-ovarian-cancer",totalDownloads:2892,totalCrossrefCites:3,totalDimensionsCites:5,book:{slug:"ovarian-cancer-a-clinical-and-translational-update",title:"Ovarian Cancer",fullTitle:"Ovarian Cancer - A Clinical and Translational Update"},signatures:"Jeanine Staples and Annekathryn Goodman",authors:[{id:"73260",title:"Dr.",name:"Annekathryn",middleName:null,surname:"Goodman",slug:"annekathryn-goodman",fullName:"Annekathryn Goodman"},{id:"161669",title:"BSc.",name:"Jeanine",middleName:null,surname:"Staples",slug:"jeanine-staples",fullName:"Jeanine Staples"}]},{id:"30744",title:"Predictors of Cervical Cancer Screening: An Application of Health Belief Model",slug:"predictors-of-cervical-cancer-screening-an-application-of-health-belief-model",totalDownloads:7376,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:12,book:{slug:"topics-on-cervical-cancer-with-an-advocacy-for-prevention",title:"Topics on Cervical Cancer With an Advocacy for Prevention",fullTitle:"Topics on Cervical Cancer With an Advocacy for Prevention"},signatures:"Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian",authors:[{id:"71960",title:"Prof.",name:"Sedigheh Sadat",middleName:null,surname:"Tavafian",slug:"sedigheh-sadat-tavafian",fullName:"Sedigheh Sadat Tavafian"}]},{id:"30757",title:"HPV Bioinformatics: In Silico Detection, Drug Design and Prevention Agent Development",slug:"hpv-bioinformatics-in-silico-detection-and-prevention-agent-development",totalDownloads:3159,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:7,book:{slug:"topics-on-cervical-cancer-with-an-advocacy-for-prevention",title:"Topics on Cervical Cancer With an Advocacy for Prevention",fullTitle:"Topics on Cervical Cancer With an Advocacy for Prevention"},signatures:"Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan and Arli Aditya Parikesit",authors:[{id:"70235",title:"Prof.",name:"Usman Sumo Friend",middleName:null,surname:"Tambunan",slug:"usman-sumo-friend-tambunan",fullName:"Usman Sumo Friend Tambunan"},{id:"72288",title:"Dr.",name:"Arli Aditya",middleName:null,surname:"Parikesit",slug:"arli-aditya-parikesit",fullName:"Arli Aditya Parikesit"}]},{id:"48580",title:"Peritonectomy Procedures and HIPEC for Peritoneal Metastasis from Ovarian Cancer",slug:"peritonectomy-procedures-and-hipec-for-peritoneal-metastasis-from-ovarian-cancer",totalDownloads:1751,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"gynecologic-cancers-basic-sciences-clinical-and-therapeutic-perspectives",title:"Gynecologic Cancers",fullTitle:"Gynecologic Cancers - Basic Sciences, Clinical and Therapeutic Perspectives"},signatures:"Angelo Di Giorgio, Daniele Biacchi, Antonio Ciardi, Alessio\nImpagnatiello, Maurizio Cardi, Simone Sibio, Bianca Sollazzo,\nJoseph Maher Fouad Atta, Giuseppe Naso, Fabio Accarpio and\nPaolo Sammartino",authors:[{id:"174131",title:"Prof.",name:"Angelo",middleName:null,surname:"Di Giorgio",slug:"angelo-di-giorgio",fullName:"Angelo Di Giorgio"}]},{id:"48491",title:"Cervical Cancer in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Positive Patients",slug:"cervical-cancer-in-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-positive-patients",totalDownloads:1285,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:1,book:{slug:"gynecologic-cancers-basic-sciences-clinical-and-therapeutic-perspectives",title:"Gynecologic Cancers",fullTitle:"Gynecologic Cancers - Basic Sciences, Clinical and Therapeutic Perspectives"},signatures:"Atara Ntekim",authors:[{id:"69178",title:"Dr.",name:"Atara",middleName:"I",surname:"Ntekim",slug:"atara-ntekim",fullName:"Atara Ntekim"}]},{id:"30759",title:"Antiproliferative Effect and Induction of Apoptosis by Inula viscosa L. and Retama monosperma L. Extracts in Human Cervical Cancer Cells",slug:"antiproliferative-effect-and-induction-of-apoptosis-by",totalDownloads:3570,totalCrossrefCites:6,totalDimensionsCites:12,book:{slug:"topics-on-cervical-cancer-with-an-advocacy-for-prevention",title:"Topics on Cervical Cancer With an Advocacy for Prevention",fullTitle:"Topics on Cervical Cancer With an Advocacy for Prevention"},signatures:"L. Benbacer, N. Merghoub, H. El Btaouri, S. Gmouh, M. Attaleb, H. Morjani, S. Amzazi and M. El Mzibri",authors:[{id:"49896",title:"Prof.",name:"Hamid",middleName:null,surname:"Morjani",slug:"hamid-morjani",fullName:"Hamid Morjani"},{id:"77152",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"El Mzibri",slug:"mohammed-el-mzibri",fullName:"Mohammed El Mzibri"},{id:"89526",title:"Prof.",name:"Saaid",middleName:null,surname:"Amzazi",slug:"saaid-amzazi",fullName:"Saaid Amzazi"},{id:"96394",title:"Dr.",name:"Mohammed",middleName:null,surname:"Attaleb",slug:"mohammed-attaleb",fullName:"Mohammed Attaleb"},{id:"125518",title:"Dr.",name:"Laila",middleName:null,surname:"Benbacer",slug:"laila-benbacer",fullName:"Laila Benbacer"},{id:"125521",title:"Dr.",name:"Nawal",middleName:null,surname:"Merghoub",slug:"nawal-merghoub",fullName:"Nawal Merghoub"},{id:"125522",title:"Dr.",name:"Hassan",middleName:null,surname:"El Btaouri",slug:"hassan-el-btaouri",fullName:"Hassan El Btaouri"},{id:"125523",title:"Dr.",name:"Said",middleName:null,surname:"Gmouh",slug:"said-gmouh",fullName:"Said Gmouh"}]},{id:"43338",title:"Borderline Epithelial Tumors of the Ovary",slug:"borderline-epithelial-tumors-of-the-ovary",totalDownloads:3452,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"ovarian-cancer-a-clinical-and-translational-update",title:"Ovarian Cancer",fullTitle:"Ovarian Cancer - A Clinical and Translational Update"},signatures:"Gennaro Cormio, Vera Loizzi, Maddalena Falagario, Doriana Scardigno, Donatella Latorre and Luigi E. Selvaggi",authors:[{id:"67540",title:"Prof.",name:"Gennaro",middleName:null,surname:"Cormio",slug:"gennaro-cormio",fullName:"Gennaro Cormio"},{id:"76880",title:"Dr.",name:"Maddalena",middleName:null,surname:"Falagario",slug:"maddalena-falagario",fullName:"Maddalena Falagario"},{id:"76881",title:"Prof.",name:"Luigi E.",middleName:null,surname:"Selvaggi",slug:"luigi-e.-selvaggi",fullName:"Luigi E. Selvaggi"},{id:"167689",title:"Prof.",name:"Vera",middleName:null,surname:"Loizzi",slug:"vera-loizzi",fullName:"Vera Loizzi"},{id:"167690",title:"Dr.",name:"Doriana",middleName:null,surname:"Scardigno",slug:"doriana-scardigno",fullName:"Doriana Scardigno"}]},{id:"48624",title:"Recurrent Ovarian Cancer — Basic Knowledge, Current Management, and Future Directions",slug:"recurrent-ovarian-cancer-basic-knowledge-current-management-and-future-directions",totalDownloads:1459,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"gynecologic-cancers-basic-sciences-clinical-and-therapeutic-perspectives",title:"Gynecologic Cancers",fullTitle:"Gynecologic Cancers - Basic Sciences, Clinical and Therapeutic Perspectives"},signatures:"Bernardo L. Rapoport",authors:[{id:"69907",title:"Dr",name:null,middleName:null,surname:"Rapoport",slug:"rapoport",fullName:"Rapoport"}]},{id:"48839",title:"Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Early Stage Cervical Cancer",slug:"sentinel-lymph-node-detection-in-early-stage-cervical-cancer",totalDownloads:1473,totalCrossrefCites:0,totalDimensionsCites:0,book:{slug:"gynecologic-cancers-basic-sciences-clinical-and-therapeutic-perspectives",title:"Gynecologic Cancers",fullTitle:"Gynecologic Cancers - Basic Sciences, Clinical and Therapeutic Perspectives"},signatures:"Elisa Moreno-Palacios, Elsa Delgado, Javier De Santiago and Ignacio\nZapardiel",authors:[{id:"175654",title:"Dr.",name:"Ignacio",middleName:null,surname:"Zapardiel",slug:"ignacio-zapardiel",fullName:"Ignacio Zapardiel"}]},{id:"28512",title:"Antiprogestins in Ovarian Cancer",slug:"antiprogestins-in-ovarian-cancer",totalDownloads:1661,totalCrossrefCites:1,totalDimensionsCites:6,book:{slug:"ovarian-cancer-clinical-and-therapeutic-perspectives",title:"Ovarian Cancer",fullTitle:"Ovarian Cancer - Clinical and Therapeutic Perspectives"},signatures:"Carlos M. Telleria and Alicia A. Goyeneche",authors:[{id:"67512",title:"Dr.",name:"Carlos",middleName:null,surname:"Telleria",slug:"carlos-telleria",fullName:"Carlos Telleria"},{id:"77375",title:"Dr.",name:"Alicia",middleName:null,surname:"Goyeneche",slug:"alicia-goyeneche",fullName:"Alicia Goyeneche"}]}],onlineFirstChaptersFilter:{topicSlug:"obstetrics-and-gynecology-gynecologic-oncology",limit:3,offset:0},onlineFirstChaptersCollection:[],onlineFirstChaptersTotal:0},preDownload:{success:null,errors:{}},aboutIntechopen:{},privacyPolicy:{},peerReviewing:{},howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks:{},sponsorshipBooks:{sponsorshipBooks:[{type:"book",id:"10176",title:"Microgrids and Local Energy Systems",subtitle:null,isOpenForSubmission:!0,hash:"c32b4a5351a88f263074b0d0ca813a9c",slug:null,bookSignature:"Prof. Nick Jenkins",coverURL:"https://cdn.intechopen.com/books/images_new/10176.jpg",editedByType:null,editors:[{id:"55219",title:"Prof.",name:"Nick",middleName:null,surname:"Jenkins",slug:"nick-jenkins",fullName:"Nick Jenkins"}],equalEditorOne:null,equalEditorTwo:null,equalEditorThree:null,productType:{id:"1",chapterContentType:"chapter"}}],offset:8,limit:8,total:1},route:{name:"chapter.detail",path:"/books/convection-and-conduction-heat-transfer/periodically-forced-natural-convection-through-the-roof-of-an-attic-shaped-building",hash:"",query:{},params:{book:"convection-and-conduction-heat-transfer",chapter:"periodically-forced-natural-convection-through-the-roof-of-an-attic-shaped-building"},fullPath:"/books/convection-and-conduction-heat-transfer/periodically-forced-natural-convection-through-the-roof-of-an-attic-shaped-building",meta:{},from:{name:null,path:"/",hash:"",query:{},params:{},fullPath:"/",meta:{}}}},function(){var e;(e=document.currentScript||document.scripts[document.scripts.length-1]).parentNode.removeChild(e)}()